Phase change explosion suppression device for solid hydrogen storage device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a phase change explosion suppression device for a solid hydrogen storage device, and belongs to the technical field of safety devices or accessories of hydrogen storage devices. The device comprises a liquid storage tank, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid inlet electric valve, a multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe, a porous nozzle, a temperature sensor and a stainless steel solid hydrogen tank. The multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe is inserted into the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank and connected with the liquid inlet pipe through the liquid inlet electric valve, and the rear end of the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe is connected with the liquid storage tank. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature reaches a threshold value, the liquid inlet electric valve is opened, perfluorohexane flows through the liquid inlet pipe from the liquid storage tank and then can flow into the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe, high-pressure fine liquid mist is generated through the multi-hole nozzles, and heat can be rapidly absorbed for cooling. According to the utility model, the explosion in a solid hydrogen storage place can be quickly inhibited, the use is more convenient and faster, the safety is improved, and the utilization rate and the safety can be improved as perfluorohexane does not react with hydride.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a phase change explosion suppression device for solid hydrogen storage devices, which belongs to the technical field of safety devices for hydrogen storage devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the escalating energy crisis and increasingly severe environmental pollution, the world is paying more and more attention to sustainable energy and environmental protection. Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy source, has garnered significant attention since the 21st century. As a fundamental element of water, it boasts numerous advantages such as high energy density and environmentally friendly byproducts, but it also faces the challenge of difficult storage. Solid-state hydrogen storage is safe, efficient, and offers high hydrogen storage density, making it a highly cost-effective hydrogen storage method today.

[0003] However, due to the reactive nature of hydrides, the risk of explosion is high. Therefore, hydrogen storage devices that store solid hydrogen must be protected against explosion. Current technologies only focus on the protection of hydrogen gas storage. Phase change explosion suppression often relies on the heat absorption during liquid vaporization. For hydrogen storage, ultrafine water mist is often used to significantly reduce the maximum explosion pressure and temperature, effectively suppressing hydrogen explosions. However, adequate explosion suppression protection is not yet available for solid hydrogen storage devices. Furthermore, water reacts with certain types of solid hydrogen, such as magnesium hydride, which decomposes into hydrogen gas and releases heat upon contact with water, making it unsuitable for solid hydrogen storage devices. Additionally, existing liquid spray cooling devices often have spray pipes installed on the inner wall of the storage tank, resulting in a limited and uneven spray range, making it difficult to effectively cool the solid hydrogen in the central area of ​​the tank. Moreover, existing explosion suppression media are mostly sprayed out all at once, resulting in low utilization and slow response, failing to quickly contain the explosion hazard caused by a sudden temperature rise. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model proposes a phase change explosion suppression device for solid-state hydrogen storage devices. By optimizing the device's structural layout and selecting a safe phase change medium, it achieves rapid and uniform cooling and explosion suppression, thereby improving the safety of solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a phase change explosion suppression device for a solid hydrogen storage device, comprising a storage tank, a stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, and a temperature sensor. The storage tank, inlet pipe, and multi-nozzle spray pipe are sequentially connected, with an electric inlet valve installed on the inlet pipe. The multi-nozzle spray pipe is coaxially inserted into the central region of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, and the multi-nozzle spray pipe is sealed to the opening of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank. The multi-hole nozzles are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the multi-nozzle spray pipe, and each multi-hole nozzle has evenly distributed spray holes circumferentially. The temperature sensor is fixed to the bottom end of the multi-nozzle spray pipe and located within the solid hydrogen storage area inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the electric inlet valve, controlling the opening and closing of the electric inlet valve according to the temperature inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank. The storage tank stores the phase change explosion suppression medium perfluorohexane, which is sprayed from the multi-hole nozzles through the inlet pipe and multi-nozzle spray pipe to form a high-pressure fine mist.

[0006] Furthermore, the bottom end of the multi-nozzle spray pipe extends into the solid hydrogen storage area inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the multi-hole nozzle is provided with 4-8 nozzles, the nozzle diameter is 0.1-0.5mm, and the axial distance between two adjacent multi-hole nozzles is 5-20cm.

[0008] Furthermore, the sealing connection between the multi-nozzle spray pipe and the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank is provided with a fluororubber sealing gasket, and the connection between the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid inlet electric valve is a threaded sealing connection.

[0009] Furthermore, the top of the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid replenishment port, and a sealing cap is provided at the liquid replenishment port.

[0010] Furthermore, both the liquid inlet pipe and the multi-nozzle spray pipe are made of 316L stainless steel, and the multi-hole nozzle and the multi-nozzle spray pipe are integrally formed.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The multi-nozzle spray pipe is inserted into the center of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, and combined with the axially and circumferentially evenly distributed multi-hole nozzles, it allows the perfluorohexane fine mist to uniformly cover the entire solid hydrogen storage area, making the cooling and explosion suppression process faster and more thorough. The use of perfluorohexane as the phase change explosion suppression medium avoids the risk of water reacting with solid hydrides, fundamentally improving the safety of the explosion suppression process.

[0012] Through the automatic linkage between the temperature sensor and the electric inlet valve, rapid liquid spraying and cooling can be achieved after the temperature reaches the target level without manual intervention, effectively shortening the explosion suppression response time and improving safety. The connection method of each component of the device is simple, and the sealing design of the multi-nozzle liquid spray pipe and the hydrogen storage tank can effectively prevent hydrogen leakage, further improving the overall safety of the hydrogen storage device. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a phase change explosion suppression device used in solid-state hydrogen storage devices.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the porous nozzle in a phase change explosion suppression device used in a solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of a phase change explosion suppression device used in solid-state hydrogen storage devices.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Storage tank, 2. Inlet pipe, 3. Electric inlet valve, 4. Multi-nozzle spray pipe, 5. Multi-hole nozzle, 6. Stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, 7. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of this patent embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this patent, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0018] A phase change explosion suppression device for a solid hydrogen storage device includes a storage tank, an inlet pipe, an electric inlet valve, a multi-nozzle spray pipe, a multi-hole nozzle, a stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, and a temperature sensor.

[0019] The liquid storage tank, liquid inlet pipe, liquid inlet electric valve, and multi-nozzle spray pipe are connected in sequence.

[0020] The multi-nozzle spray pipe is coaxially inserted into the central area of ​​the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, and the multi-nozzle spray pipe is sealed to the opening of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank.

[0021] The multi-hole nozzles are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the multi-nozzle spray pipe, and the nozzle holes of each multi-hole nozzle are evenly arranged circumferentially.

[0022] The temperature sensor is fixed to the bottom of the multi-nozzle spray pipe and is located in the solid hydrogen storage area inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank.

[0023] The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the liquid inlet electric valve and is used to detect the temperature inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank and control the opening and closing of the liquid inlet electric valve.

[0024] The storage tank contains perfluorohexane, a phase change explosion suppression medium. The perfluorohexane can be sprayed out through the inlet pipe and the multi-nozzle spray pipe to form a high-pressure fine liquid mist.

[0025] The multi-hole nozzles are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the multi-nozzle spray pipe, and the nozzle holes of each multi-hole nozzle are evenly arranged circumferentially, which can make the explosion suppression medium form a uniform high-pressure fine liquid mist, improving the uniformity and efficiency of cooling.

[0026] The temperature sensor is fixed at the bottom of the multi-nozzle spray pipe and located in the solid hydrogen storage area inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank, ensuring accurate detection of temperature changes in the core solid hydrogen storage area. The temperature sensor is also electrically connected to the liquid inlet electric valve to form an automatic control loop.

[0027] The phase change explosion suppression medium stored in the storage tank is perfluorohexane. This medium is chemically stable, does not react with solid hydrides, and is highly safe. Perfluorohexane has a low boiling point and can quickly vaporize and absorb heat after being sprayed out, rapidly reducing the temperature inside the tank and achieving explosion suppression.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] Please see Figure 1-2 A phase change explosion suppression device for a solid hydrogen storage device includes a storage tank 1, an inlet pipe 2, an electric inlet valve 3, a multi-nozzle spray pipe 4, a multi-hole nozzle 5, a stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6, and a temperature sensor 7. The multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 is coaxially inserted into the central area of ​​the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6, which allows the explosion suppression medium to uniformly cover the solid hydrogen storage area, improving the explosion suppression effect, making it more convenient and faster to use, and improving safety. Furthermore, perfluorohexane, as the explosion suppression medium, does not react with hydrides, thereby improving safety.

[0030] In this embodiment, the liquid storage tank 1, the liquid inlet pipe 2, the liquid inlet electric valve 3, and the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 are connected in sequence to form the overall structure of the explosion suppression medium delivery circuit device, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 The liquid storage tank 1 is made of stainless steel with a volume of 10L. The top of the liquid storage tank 1 is equipped with a liquid replenishment port with a sealing cap for easy replenishment of the medium.

[0031] The liquid inlet electric valve 3 is a DN20 electromagnetic electric valve with a response time of ≤0.5s to ensure rapid opening of the spray. The liquid inlet pipe 2 is a 316L stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 20mm. The liquid inlet pipe 2, the liquid storage tank 1, the liquid inlet electric valve 3, and the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 are all connected by threaded sealing. The connection is wrapped with polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tape to enhance the sealing performance and prevent hydrogen leakage or perfluorohexane leakage.

[0032] The stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6 is a cylindrical tank with a volume of 50L, made of 316L stainless steel. The tank opening is equipped with a flange interface for installing the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4. The multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 is a 316L stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 20mm. Its length is adapted to the internal height of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6, and its bottom end extends to the middle of the solid hydrogen storage area inside the tank to ensure that the core area of ​​the solid hydrogen stack is covered.

[0033] The multi-hole nozzle 5 and the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 are manufactured using an integral molding process. One multi-hole nozzle 5 is set every 15cm along the axial direction of the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4, for a total of 11 nozzles. Each group of multi-hole nozzles 5 has 4 spray holes evenly distributed around its circumference, with a hole diameter of 0.3mm, to ensure that the sprayed perfluorohexane forms a high-pressure fine liquid mist with a particle size of 5-10μm, thereby enhancing heat exchange efficiency and improving cooling and explosion suppression efficiency.

[0034] The temperature sensor 7 is a PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor. Its detection end is in direct contact with solid hydrogen and is fixed at the bottom of the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4. It is also inserted into the solid hydrogen storage area inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6 along with the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4. The detection accuracy is ±0.5℃. The temperature sensor 7 is electrically connected to the liquid inlet electric valve 3 to form an automatic control loop, realizing automatic liquid spraying and stopping after the temperature reaches the target.

[0035] Under normal conditions, the liquid inlet electric valve 3 is in the closed state, and perfluorohexane is stored in the storage tank 1. When the solid hydrogen in the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6 experiences a temperature rise due to its own heat release or the influence of the external environment, the temperature sensor 7 fixed at the bottom of the multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 detects the temperature inside the tank in real time and accurately captures the temperature change in the core storage area of ​​the solid hydrogen.

[0036] When temperature sensor 7 detects that the temperature has reached the threshold, it immediately sends an opening signal to the inlet electric valve 3, which opens rapidly within 0.5 seconds. Perfluorohexane in storage tank 1 flows into multi-nozzle spray pipe 4 through inlet pipe 2 and is sprayed out through various multi-hole nozzles 5 to form a uniform high-pressure fine mist. Upon contact with the high-temperature environment inside the tank, the perfluorohexane fine mist rapidly vaporizes and absorbs a large amount of heat, quickly reducing the temperature inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank 6, inhibiting combustion oxidation reactions, and achieving an explosion suppression effect. When temperature sensor 7 detects that the temperature inside the tank has dropped below the preset threshold, the inlet electric valve 3 automatically closes, and the spraying process stops.

[0037] In this embodiment, the perfluorohexane filling amount is 80% of the storage tank volume, i.e., 8L, which can meet the explosion suppression requirements; when the perfluorohexane level is too low, perfluorohexane can be added through the replenishment port on the top of the storage tank.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A phase change explosion suppression device for solid hydrogen storage device, the device comprising a liquid storage tank (1), a stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6) and a temperature sensor (7), characterized in that: The device is characterized in that the liquid storage tank (1), the liquid inlet pipe (2) and the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) are sequentially communicated, and the liquid inlet pipe (2) is provided with a liquid inlet electric valve (3); the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) is coaxially inserted into the central region of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6), and the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) and the tank opening of the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6) are sealingly connected; the multi-hole nozzles (5) are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4), and the circumferential direction of each multi-hole nozzle (5) is uniformly provided with spray holes; the temperature sensor (7) is fixed to the bottom end of the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) and located in the solid hydrogen storage region inside the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6); the temperature sensor (7) is electrically connected with the liquid inlet electric valve (3), and the opening and closing of the liquid inlet electric valve (3) is controlled according to the temperature in the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6); the liquid storage tank (1) stores phase change explosion suppression medium perfluorohexane, and the perfluorohexane is sprayed out by the multi-hole nozzles (5) through the liquid inlet pipe (2) and the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4).

2. The phase change explosion suppression device for solid state hydrogen storage device of claim 1, wherein: The bottom end of the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) extends into the solid hydrogen storage region in the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6).

3. The phase change explosion suppression device for solid state hydrogen storage device of claim 1, wherein: The multi-hole nozzle (5) is provided with 4-8 spray holes, the spray hole diameter is 0.1-0.5mm, and the axial spacing between two adjacent multi-hole nozzles (5) is 5-20cm.

4. The phase change explosion suppression device for solid state hydrogen storage device of claim 1, wherein: The sealing connection between the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) and the stainless steel solid hydrogen tank (6) is provided with a fluororubber sealing gasket, and the connection between the liquid inlet pipe (2) and the liquid inlet electric valve (3) is screw sealingly connected.

5. The phase change explosion suppression device for solid state hydrogen storage device of claim 1, wherein: The top of the liquid storage tank (1) is provided with a liquid supplementing opening, and the liquid supplementing opening is provided with a sealing cover.

6. The phase change explosion suppression device for solid state hydrogen storage device of claim 1, wherein: The liquid inlet pipe (2) and the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) are made of 316L stainless steel, and the multi-hole nozzle (5) and the multi-nozzle liquid spraying pipe (4) are integrally formed.

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