Fluorescence detection apparatus and crystallization state detection system

Abstract

The application relates to a fluorescence detection device and a crystallization state detection system, the fluorescence detection device comprising a pulsed light signal source, a fiber coupler and a fluorescence detector; the pulsed light signal source comprises at least two signal output ends for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies, one of the at least two signal output ends is connected with the fiber coupler through a first optical fiber, and the other signal output ends are connected with the fiber coupler through a delay unit; the delay unit is used for generating a delay between the pulsed light signals of different frequencies; the fluorescence detection device utilizes the delay unit to make the fiber coupler output light signals of different frequencies, i.e. combined wave signals, after coupling, so as to realize detection of different depths of a sample to be detected by utilizing the combined wave signals of different frequencies in time sequence, and improve the detection comprehensiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery manufacturing technology, and in particular to a fluorescence detection device and a crystallization state detection system. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite materials, as photoluminescent materials, are increasingly being used in battery manufacturing to form solar cells that can convert light energy into electrical energy, namely perovskite cells. The crystallization state of the perovskite layer formed by the perovskite material in the perovskite cell directly affects the battery performance.

[0003] In related technologies, when analyzing the crystallization state of the perovskite layer in a perovskite solar cell, the laser in the fluorescence detection device usually outputs a laser signal to the fluorescence detector. The fluorescence detector then emits the laser signal to the perovskite solar cell. The laser signal reaches a certain depth in the perovskite layer and generates a fluorescence signal. The fluorescence detector then receives the fluorescence signal for subsequent crystallization analysis.

[0004] However, in related technologies, the laser signal emitted by the laser in the fluorescence detection equipment to the perovskite cell can only detect a single depth of the perovskite layer, which affects the comprehensiveness of the crystallization analysis of the perovskite cell. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fluorescence detection device and a crystallization state detection system to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a fluorescence detection device, which includes: a pulsed light signal source, an optical fiber coupler, and a fluorescence detector; the pulsed light signal source includes at least two signal output terminals for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies, the at least two signal output terminals are connected to the optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber coupler is connected to the fluorescence detector through an optical fiber.

[0007] Among them, one of the at least two signal output terminals is connected to the fiber optic coupler through the first optical fiber, and the other signal output terminals are connected to the fiber optic coupler through the delay unit; the delay unit is used to generate a delay between pulse optical signals of different frequencies.

[0008] In this embodiment, a delay unit is used to transmit at least two pulsed optical signals of different frequencies to the fiber optic coupler to generate a delay. Consequently, the fiber optic coupler outputs optical signals with different frequencies in time sequence, i.e., a combined signal, after coupling. This combined signal with different frequencies in time sequence is used to detect different depths of the sample under test, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of the detection. Furthermore, the output of multi-frequency optical signals is realized based on a single device, which simultaneously reduces the overall hardware cost of the device.

[0009] In one embodiment, the delay unit includes a plurality of second optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler via a corresponding second optical fiber.

[0010] The refractive indices of the second optical fibers are different and greater than those of the first optical fiber.

[0011] In this embodiment, the delay unit includes a second optical fiber. The second optical fiber with a different refractive index can reduce the transmission speed of the pulsed light signal in the optical fiber, thereby increasing the transmission duration of the pulsed light signal, generating signal delay, realizing the delay function, and simplifying the structure and cost of the delay unit.

[0012] In one embodiment, the delay unit includes a plurality of third optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler via a corresponding third optical fiber.

[0013] In each third fiber, the length of the first fiber is longer than the length of the second fiber by one delay length, and the shortest third fiber is longer than the length of the first fiber by one delay length.

[0014] The delay length represents the fiber length corresponding to the interval between different frequency pulse optical signals entering the fiber coupler.

[0015] In this embodiment, the delay unit includes a third optical fiber. The third optical fiber of different lengths can change the transmission duration of the pulsed optical signal, thereby generating signal delay and realizing the delay function, and simplifying the structure and cost of the delay unit.

[0016] In one embodiment, the delay unit includes multiple delay sub-units, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler through a corresponding delay sub-unit; each delay sub-unit includes a first optical fiber and at least one prism.

[0017] Each prism is used to delay the signal output from the signal output terminal into the fiber optic coupler by a time interval.

[0018] In this embodiment, the delay unit includes multiple delay sub-units. The different numbers of prisms in the delay sub-units can change the transmission duration of the pulsed light signal, thereby generating signal delay and realizing the delay function, which also simplifies the structure and cost of the delay unit.

[0019] In one embodiment, the pulsed light signal source includes a pulse signal generator and a laser electrically connected to the pulse signal generator; each laser includes a signal output terminal.

[0020] In this embodiment, the pulse signal generator can modulate the laser signal so that the laser outputs a pulse light signal. When it is necessary to adjust the number of pulse light signals, the number of lasers connected to the pulse signal generator can be changed accordingly, making the architecture of the entire fluorescence detection device simple and highly scalable.

[0021] In one embodiment, the fluorescence detector includes a transmitting optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber; the fluorescence detector is positioned opposite to the sample to be tested and is used to transmit a combined signal to the sample to be tested through the transmitting optical fiber and to receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample to be tested under the action of the combined signal through the receiving optical fiber.

[0022] In this embodiment, the fluorescence detector is provided with separate transmitting and receiving optical fibers to independently transmit the combined signal and receive the fluorescence signal, thereby reducing signal interference and improving detection reliability.

[0023] Secondly, a crystallization state detection system is provided, which includes a fluorescence detection device and a spectral analysis device connected to the fluorescence detection device;

[0024] The fluorescence detection device includes: a pulsed light signal source, an optical fiber coupler, and a fluorescence detector; the pulsed light signal source includes at least two signal output terminals for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies, and the at least two signal output terminals are connected to the optical fiber coupler, which is connected to the fluorescence detector through an optical fiber;

[0025] Among them, one of the at least two signal output terminals is connected to the fiber optic coupler via a first optical fiber, and the other signal output terminals are connected to the fiber optic coupler via a delay unit; the delay unit is used to generate a delay between pulse optical signals of different frequencies.

[0026] The spectral analysis equipment is connected to the fluorescence detector via optical fiber.

[0027] In this embodiment, the spectral analysis device can receive the fluorescence signal collected by the fluorescence detection device through optical fiber, and process and analyze it to obtain the crystallization state of the sample under test at different depths, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of crystallization analysis.

[0028] In one embodiment, the delay unit includes a plurality of second optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler via a corresponding second optical fiber.

[0029] The refractive indices of the second optical fibers are different and greater than those of the first optical fiber.

[0030] In one embodiment, the delay unit includes a plurality of third optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler via a corresponding third optical fiber.

[0031] In each third fiber, the length of the first fiber is longer than the length of the second fiber by one delay length, and the shortest third fiber is longer than the length of the first fiber by one delay length.

[0032] The delay length represents the fiber length corresponding to the interval between different frequency pulse optical signals entering the fiber coupler.

[0033] In one embodiment, the spectral analysis device includes a spectrometer and an analysis terminal electrically connected to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and the analysis terminal is used to output the fluorescence spectrum of the sample under the action of optical signals at different frequencies.

[0034] In this embodiment of the application, the spectrometer in the spectral analysis device can realize photoelectric conversion of fluorescence signals, and the analysis terminal can analyze and process the corresponding converted electrical signals to obtain the fluorescence spectra of the sample under test at different depths. After further processing and analysis, the crystallization state of the sample under test at different depths is output, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of crystallization analysis.

[0035] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the utility model in any way. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments and corresponding drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fluorescence detection device in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the delay unit in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the delay unit in another embodiment;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of different forms of optical signals in one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of synthesizing a combined waveform signal in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the sample under test at different depths in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a crystallization state detection system in one embodiment.

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0045] 100 — Fluorescence detection equipment;

[0046] 110—Pulse light signal source;

[0047] 111—Pulse signal generator;

[0048] 112 — Laser;

[0049] 120 — Fiber optic coupler;

[0050] 130—Fluorescence detector;

[0051] 131 — Transmitting optical fiber;

[0052] 132—Receiving fiber;

[0053] 140—The first optical fiber;

[0054] 150 — Delay unit;

[0055] 151—Second optical fiber;

[0056] 152—Third optical fiber;

[0057] 153—Prism;

[0058] 200 — Spectroscopic analysis equipment;

[0059] 210—Spectrometer;

[0060] 220 — Analysis terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0062] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component. Furthermore, a connection can be used for fixing, coupling, or communication.

[0063] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical or equivalent elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. Additionally, the terms "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom," etc., do not constitute absolute spatial limitations but are relative concepts.

[0064] Fluorescence detection is a detection method based on the principle of photoluminescence, which can be used for the crystallization analysis of photoluminescent materials.

[0065] In recent years, perovskite materials, as photoluminescent materials, have been increasingly used in battery manufacturing to form solar cells that convert light energy into electrical energy, namely perovskite cells. The crystallization state of the perovskite layer formed by the perovskite material in the perovskite cell directly affects the cell performance. Therefore, the crystallization analysis results of the perovskite layer in the perovskite cell have important guiding significance for improving cell performance.

[0066] In related technologies, when analyzing the crystallization state of the perovskite layer in a perovskite solar cell, the laser in the fluorescence detection device usually outputs a laser signal to the fluorescence detector. The fluorescence detector then emits the laser signal to the perovskite solar cell. The laser signal reaches a certain depth in the perovskite layer and generates a fluorescence signal. The fluorescence detector then receives the fluorescence signal for subsequent crystallization analysis.

[0067] However, in related technologies, the laser in the fluorescence detection equipment can only emit a single frequency laser signal to the perovskite cell. Each laser signal emitted by the laser can only detect a single depth of the perovskite layer, and cannot detect other depths of the perovskite layer, thus affecting the comprehensiveness of the crystallization analysis of the perovskite cell.

[0068] In one embodiment, a fluorescence detection device is provided. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the fluorescence detection device 100 includes: a pulsed light signal source 110, an optical fiber coupler 120, and a fluorescence detector 130.

[0069] The pulsed light signal source 110 includes at least two signal output terminals for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies. The at least two signal output terminals are connected to an optical fiber coupler 120, and the optical fiber coupler 120 is connected to a fluorescence detector 130.

[0070] Among them, one of the at least two signal output terminals is connected to the fiber optic coupler 120 through the first fiber optic cable 140, and the other signal output terminals are connected to the fiber optic coupler 120 through the delay unit 150; the delay unit 150 is used to generate a delay between pulse optical signals of different frequencies.

[0071] The following is a detailed introduction to each part of the fluorescence detection device 100.

[0072] The pulsed light signal source 110 is used to output pulsed light signals. A pulsed light signal is a light signal in the form of pulses, which can be understood as an intermittently emitted light signal, also known as a discrete light signal. Pulsed light signals of different frequencies refer to light signals with different frequencies, i.e., different wavelengths. Light signals of different wavelengths have different penetrating abilities and can reach different depths of the sample to be inspected. Specifically, the longer the wavelength and the lower the frequency of the light signal, the weaker the penetrating power; conversely, the shorter the wavelength and the higher the frequency of the light signal, the stronger the penetrating power.

[0073] For example, the pulsed light signal source 110 includes multiple lasers, each laser corresponding to a signal output terminal, for generating a pulsed light signal of a single frequency. The pulsed light signal can be made to appear as a square wave, a triangular wave, or a sawtooth wave by adjusting the output voltage of the lasers.

[0074] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment is shown of a pulsed light signal source 110 including two signal output terminals. The pulsed light signal source 110 outputs a pulsed light signal of different frequencies through each of the two signal output terminals. For example, one signal output terminal outputs a pulsed light signal of frequency F1, which can detect the depth C1 of the sample, while the other signal output terminal outputs a pulsed light signal of frequency F2, which can detect the depth C2 of the sample. When F1 > F2, then C1 > C2.

[0075] The fiber optic coupler 120 is a device for detachably connecting different fiber segments. It can connect the end faces of two fiber segments so that the optical signal energy input from one fiber can be coupled to the other fiber to the maximum extent.

[0076] The signal output terminal is connected to one end of the fiber optic coupler 120, inputting the optical signal into the fiber optic coupler 120. The other end of the fiber optic coupler 120 is connected to the fluorescence detector 130, inputting the optical signal into the fluorescence detector 130. The fiber optic coupler 120 can couple multiple pulsed optical signals output from the signal output terminal into a single signal, which is then input into the fluorescence detector 130.

[0077] continue Figure 1 In the example, the two signal output terminals output their respective pulsed optical signals to the fiber optic coupler 120. The fiber optic coupler 120 couples the two input pulsed optical signals into a combined signal, which is then input to the fluorescence detector 130 through the other end.

[0078] For example, the fiber optic coupler 120 can couple multiple pulsed optical signals into a single combined signal and then output it through various coupling methods such as direct coupling, fiber tailing, lens coupling, or grating coupling.

[0079] The fluorescence detector 130, also known as the fluorescence probe, is used to receive the combined signal output by the fiber optic coupler 120, transmit the combined signal to the outside, and receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample under test under the action of the combined signal.

[0080] In this process, the fluorescence detector 130 transmits the combined signal to the sample to be tested. (Continue...) Figure 1 In the example, the output of the fluorescence detector 130 is positioned opposite the sample to be tested to transmit a combined signal to the sample and receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample under the action of the combined signal.

[0081] Exemplarily, the fluorescence detector 130 includes an optical transmission channel and a fluorescence sensor. The optical transmission channel is used to receive the combined signal output from the fiber optic coupler 120 and transmit the combined signal to the sample under test. The fluorescence sensor is used to sense and collect the fluorescence signal generated by the sample under test under the action of the combined signal.

[0082] To enable the transmission of optical signals, the pulsed optical signal source 110, the fiber optic coupler 120, and the fluorescence detector 130 can be connected by optical fiber.

[0083] Optical fiber, short for optical transmission fiber, is a type of optical transmission tool used to transmit optical signals. It is typically made of glass or plastic. Optical signals undergo total internal reflection within the optical fiber, altering their propagation path and allowing them to be transmitted from one end to the other.

[0084] The first optical fiber 140 is used to connect a signal output terminal of the pulse optical signal source 110 to the optical fiber coupler 120, so as to transmit a pulse optical signal output by the pulse optical signal source 110 through the signal output terminal to the optical fiber coupler 120.

[0085] The delay unit 150 is used to connect other signal output terminals in the pulse optical signal source 110 to the fiber optic coupler 120, so that the multiple pulse optical signals output by the pulse optical signal source 110 through other signal terminals can also be transmitted to the fiber optic coupler 120.

[0086] Similar to the first optical fiber 140, the delay unit 150 can be used to transmit optical signals, and the transmission duration of the optical signal in the delay unit 150 is longer than the transmission duration of the optical signal in the first optical fiber 140, resulting in a delay in the optical signal transmitted through the delay unit 150 compared to the optical signal transmitted through the first optical fiber 140. The resulting delay duration is the interval between different frequency pulse optical signals entering the fiber coupler 120.

[0087] There are several ways to implement delay in delay unit 150:

[0088] Optionally, the delay unit 150 has a different length than the first optical fiber 140, with the length of the delay unit 150 being greater than that of the first optical fiber 140. This increases the transmission time of the pulsed optical signal in the delay unit 150, thereby creating a delay relative to the first optical fiber 140.

[0089] Optionally, the refractive index of the delay unit 150 is different from that of the first optical fiber 140. The refractive index of the delay unit 150 is greater than that of the first optical fiber 140, so that the pulse light signal is refracted multiple times in the delay unit 150, thereby increasing the transmission time of the pulse light signal in the delay unit 150 and generating a delay relative to the first optical fiber 140.

[0090] One of the pulsed optical signals of different frequencies output by the pulsed optical signal source 110 is transmitted to the fiber optic coupler 120 via the first optical fiber 140, while the other signals are transmitted to the fiber optic coupler 120 via the delay unit 150. The delay unit 150 not only creates a delay between the optical signals transmitted through the first optical fiber 140 and those transmitted through the delay unit 150, but also creates a delay between the multiple optical signals output from the multi-channel signal output terminal connected to the delay unit 150. The delay duration of each optical signal is different.

[0091] After pulsed optical signals of different frequencies are transmitted to the fiber optic coupler 120, due to the delay, the fiber optic coupler 120 couples multiple pulsed optical signals, which can combine pulsed signals of different frequencies in time sequence to form a combined wave signal whose frequency changes with time sequence.

[0092] In this embodiment, the provided fluorescence detection device includes: a pulsed light signal source, an optical fiber coupler, and a fluorescence detector; the pulsed light signal source includes at least two signal output terminals for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies, the at least two signal output terminals are connected to the optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber coupler is connected to the fluorescence detector; one of the at least two signal output terminals is connected to the optical fiber coupler through a first optical fiber, and the other signal output terminals are connected to the optical fiber coupler through a delay unit; the delay unit is used to generate a delay between pulsed light signals of different frequencies; in the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the delay unit causes at least two pulsed light signals of different frequencies to be transmitted to the optical fiber coupler and generate a delay, thereby causing the optical fiber coupler to output optical signals with different frequencies in time sequence after coupling, i.e., a combined signal, so as to use the combined signal with different frequencies in time sequence to realize the detection of different depths of the sample to be tested, improve the detection comprehensiveness, and realize the output of multi-frequency optical signals based on a set of equipment, thereby reducing the overall hardware cost of the equipment.

[0093] The delay unit 150 has various structural forms.

[0094] In one embodiment, the delay unit 150 includes a plurality of second optical fibers 151, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the fiber coupler 120 through a corresponding second optical fiber 151.

[0095] The refractive indices of each of the second optical fibers 151 are different and are greater than the refractive index of the first optical fiber 140.

[0096] It should be noted that the higher the refractive index of an optical fiber, the slower the propagation speed of the pulsed light signal in that fiber, and the longer the transmission time.

[0097] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the delay unit 150 includes three second optical fibers 151 with refractive indices n1, n2, and n3, where n3 > n2 > n1 > n, and n represents the refractive index of the first optical fiber 140. This delay unit 150 allows for a time delay between the three pulsed optical signals output from its three connected signal output terminals, and also between the pulsed optical signals output from the signal output terminal connected to the first optical fiber 140.

[0098] This can be achieved by setting the refractive index change between optical fibers, thus creating a preset delay Δt between pulsed optical signals from different paths. For example... Figure 2 Taking the three pulsed optical signals F1, F2, and F3 output by the delay unit 150 and the one pulsed optical signal F output by the first optical fiber 140 as an example, based on the above refractive index relationship, F1 has a delay of Δt compared to F, F2 has a delay of Δt compared to F1, and F3 has a delay of Δt compared to F2.

[0099] In this embodiment, the delay unit includes multiple second optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler via a corresponding second optical fiber. The refractive indices of the second optical fibers are different and greater than those of the first optical fiber. In the aforementioned fluorescence detection device, the delay unit includes second optical fibers. The second optical fibers with different refractive indices can reduce the transmission speed of the pulsed light signal in the optical fiber, thereby increasing the transmission duration of the pulsed light signal, generating signal delay, realizing the delay function, and simplifying the structure and cost of the delay unit.

[0100] In one embodiment, the delay unit 150 includes a plurality of third optical fibers 152, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the fiber optic coupler 120 through a third optical fiber 152.

[0101] In each of the third optical fibers 152, the length of the first optical fiber is longer than that of the second optical fiber by one delay length, and the shortest third optical fiber 152 is longer than that of the first optical fiber 140 by one delay length.

[0102] The delay length represents the fiber length corresponding to the interval between different frequency pulse optical signals entering the fiber coupler 120.

[0103] In this design, the third optical fiber 152 and the first optical fiber 140 are identical optical fibers of different lengths. The lengths of the third optical fibers 152 in each delay unit 150 are different.

[0104] For example, taking a pulsed optical signal source 110 that includes three signal output terminals A, B, and C, signal output terminal A is connected to fiber optic coupler 120 via a first optical fiber 140, and signal output terminals B and C are respectively connected to fiber optic coupler 120 via a third optical fiber 152. The length of the first optical fiber 140 connecting signal output terminal A is LA, the length of the third optical fiber 152 connecting signal output terminal B is LB, and the length of the first optical fiber 151 connecting signal output terminal C is LC, where LB = LA + L, LC = LB + L = LA + 2L; L represents the delay length.

[0105] continue Figure 1 In the example, the pulsed optical signal source 110 includes two signal output terminals. One signal output terminal is connected to the optical fiber coupler 120 through a first optical fiber 140 of length L1, and the other signal output terminal is connected to the optical fiber coupler 120 through a third optical fiber 152 of length L2, where L2-L1=L and L represents the delay length.

[0106] by Figure 1 Taking a fluorescence detection device 100, which includes two signal output terminals, as an example, its working process is as follows:

[0107] The fluorescence detection device 100 outputs a pulsed light signal a with frequency F1 through a signal output terminal and a pulsed light signal b with frequency F2 through a signal output terminal B. Pulsed light signal a is transmitted to an optical fiber coupler 120 via a first optical fiber 140 of length L1, and pulsed light signal b is transmitted to the optical fiber coupler 120 via a third optical fiber 152 of length L2, where L2-L1=L, and L corresponds to a time interval, i.e., a delay Δt. This ensures that pulsed light signal a enters the optical fiber coupler 120 first, followed by pulsed light signal b. The optical fiber coupler 120 couples the two signals. The output time sequence is divided into a combined signal with one part corresponding to frequency F1 and the other part corresponding to frequency F2. The fiber optic coupler 120 then transmits the combined signal to the fluorescence detector 130, and the fluorescence detector 130 sends the combined signal to the sample under test to receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample under test based on the combined signal. Since the time sequence of the combined signal is divided into a part corresponding to frequency F1 and a part corresponding to frequency F2, the fluorescence signal corresponding to frequency F1 and the fluorescence signal corresponding to frequency F2 can be divided according to the time sequence to realize the detection of the sample under test at depths C1 and C2 corresponding to frequency F1, respectively.

[0108] In this embodiment of the application, the delay unit in the provided fluorescence detection device includes multiple third optical fibers. Each of the other signal output terminals is connected to an optical fiber coupler through a corresponding third optical fiber. Among the third optical fibers, in descending order of length, the length of the preceding optical fiber is one delay length longer than the length of the following optical fiber, and the shortest third optical fiber is one delay length longer than the length of the first optical fiber. The delay length represents the length of the optical fiber corresponding to the interval time between different frequency pulse light signals entering the optical fiber coupler. In the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the delay unit includes third optical fibers. The transmission duration of the pulse light signal can be changed by third optical fibers of different lengths, thereby generating signal delay, realizing the delay function, and simplifying the structure and cost of the delay unit.

[0109] The delay unit 150 includes a plurality of delay sub-units. Based on this, in one embodiment, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the delay unit 150 includes multiple delay sub-units ( Figure 3 The device includes two delay sub-units. Each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the fiber coupler 120 through a corresponding delay sub-unit. Each delay sub-unit includes a first optical fiber 140 and at least one prism 153.

[0110] The number of prisms 153 between each delay subunit differs by one, and the delay subunit with the fewest number of prisms includes one prism 153.

[0111] Each prism 153 is used to delay the signal output from the signal output terminal into the fiber optic coupler 120 by a time interval.

[0112] The prism body 153 is identical to the first optical fiber 140 and can be used to transmit optical signals. For example, the prism body 153 can be a right-angle prism or a pentagonal prism.

[0113] The first optical fiber 140 in the delay subunit has the same length as the first optical fiber 140 connected to another signal output terminal. The prism 153 in the delay subunit increases the transmission path length of the pulsed light signal, thereby increasing the transmission time and causing a delay compared to a path without prism 153 or with fewer prism 153.

[0114] When a delay subunit includes multiple prisms 153, the multiple prisms 153 are connected sequentially end to end. The more prisms 153 included in the delay subunit, the longer the resulting delay.

[0115] In this embodiment, the provided fluorescence detection device includes a delay unit comprising multiple delay sub-units. Each signal output terminal is connected to an optical fiber coupler via a corresponding delay sub-unit. Each delay sub-unit includes a first optical fiber and at least one prism. The number of prisms between each delay sub-unit varies by one, with the delay sub-unit having the fewest prisms containing only one prism. Each prism is used to delay the signal output from the signal output terminal into the optical fiber coupler by a time interval. In the aforementioned fluorescence detection device, the delay sub-unit includes a first optical fiber and a prism. Setting the number of prisms can change the transmission duration of the pulsed light signal, thereby generating a signal delay and achieving the delay function. This also simplifies the structure and cost of the delay unit.

[0116] In one embodiment, the pulsed light signal source 110 includes a pulse signal generator 111 and a laser 112 electrically connected to the pulse signal generator 111; each laser 112 includes a signal output terminal.

[0117] The pulse signal generator 111, also known as a pulse signal source, can generate pulse signals with adjustable width, amplitude, and repetition frequency. The laser 112 is a device that emits laser light, i.e., optical signals, and the wavelength and frequency of the optical signals can be adjusted by a built-in tuner.

[0118] In this design, laser 112 outputs a constant optical signal, and pulse signal generator 111 can use optical modulation technology to superimpose a pulse signal onto the constant optical signal output by laser 112, thereby causing laser 112 to output a pulsed optical signal. For example, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, the left figure is the constant optical signal output by laser 112, and the right figure is the pulsed optical signal output by laser 112 after being modulated by pulse signal generator 111.

[0119] It should be noted that optical modulation technology is a modulation technique that superimposes an information-carrying signal onto an optical signal. It enables certain parameters of the optical signal, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization state, and duration, to change according to certain rules. Essentially, optical modulation modulates one or more parameters among the unit vector in the polarization direction, amplitude, carrier frequency, and phase. Through modulation, one or more characteristic parameters of the optical signal will change according to the characteristics of the transmitted information, thereby achieving the purpose of information detection and transmission.

[0120] continue Figure 1 In the example, the pulsed optical signal source 110 includes a pulse signal generator 111 and two lasers 112, with each laser 112 corresponding to a signal output terminal. The pulse signal generator 111 modulates the two lasers 112 respectively, so that the two lasers 112 modulate their own constant optical signals into periodic optical signals in a pulse shape, i.e., pulsed optical signals.

[0121] In this embodiment of the application, the provided fluorescence detection device includes a pulsed light signal source comprising a pulsed signal generator and a laser electrically connected to the pulsed signal generator; each laser includes a signal output terminal; in the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the pulsed signal generator can modulate the laser signal so that the laser outputs a pulsed light signal; when it is necessary to adjust the number of pulsed light signals, the number of lasers connected to the pulsed signal generator can be changed accordingly, making the architecture of the entire fluorescence detection device simple and highly scalable.

[0122] To improve the accuracy of the detection depth, in one embodiment, the spectral linewidth of the output optical signal of the laser 112 is less than or equal to 2 nanometers.

[0123] The spectral linewidth of the output optical signal of laser 112 is used to characterize the frequency difference of the output optical signal of laser 112. Typically, the frequency of the output optical signal of laser 112 is not a fixed value, but fluctuates around a fixed value.

[0124] For example, laser 112 is a narrow linewidth laser that can generate a laser beam with a narrow spectral linewidth, typically less than or equal to 2 nanometers, such as 1.6 nanometers, so that the frequency and energy of the generated optical signal are more concentrated.

[0125] In this embodiment of the application, the provided fluorescence detection device has a spectral linewidth of less than or equal to 2 nanometers in the output light signal of the laser. In the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the laser is a narrow linewidth laser with a spectral linewidth of less than or equal to 2 nanometers in the output light signal, which makes the frequency and energy of the pulse light signal output by the laser more concentrated, so as to improve the detection accuracy of the corresponding depth.

[0126] In order to ensure that pulsed optical signals of different frequencies exist independently in the combined signal without superimposing, in one embodiment, the duty cycle of the pulsed optical signal output by the pulsed optical signal source 110 is less than 1 / n, where n represents the number of signal output terminals of the pulsed optical signal source 110.

[0127] It should be noted that the duty cycle of the pulsed light signals of different frequencies output by the pulsed light signal source 110 is less than 1 / n. The pulsed light signals can be delayed between several pulsed light signals through optical fibers 140 of different lengths, and then combined into a combined signal including pulsed light signals of each frequency that exist independently without superposition through the optical fiber coupler 120.

[0128] For example, continue Figure 1 In the example, the pulsed optical signal source 110 includes two signal output terminals, i.e., n=2, and the duty cycles of the two output pulsed optical signals are both less than 1 / 2. The two pulsed optical signals output by the pulsed optical signal source 110 are as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the left figure, waveform ① represents Figure 1 The pulsed optical signal with frequency F1 output from one of the signal output terminals is represented by waveform ②. Figure 1 The other signal output terminal outputs a pulsed optical signal with frequency F2. Waveform ② represents the delayed pulsed optical signal.

[0129] Since the duty cycles of both pulse optical signals are less than 1 / 2, the delay can be controlled by adjusting the length of fiber optic cable 140, ensuring that the high-level segment of the delayed pulse optical signal corresponds to the low-level segment of the undelayed pulse optical signal. The signals are then combined via fiber optic coupler 120. Figure 4 The combined signal shown in the middle right figure shows that the pulse optical signals with frequencies F1 and F2 exist independently and do not superimpose.

[0130] In this embodiment of the application, the duty cycle of the pulsed light signal output by the pulsed light signal source is less than 1 / n, where n represents the number of signal output terminals of the pulsed light signal source. In the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the pulsed light signal source can control the output of pulsed light signals with corresponding duty cycles, providing the possibility for pulsed light signals of different frequencies to exist independently in the combined signal without superposition, so as to form combined signals with different frequencies in time sequence, realize the detection of the sample to be tested at multiple depths, and thus improve the comprehensiveness of detection.

[0131] The delay length is used to distinguish pulsed optical signals of different frequencies in timing. In one embodiment, the delay length is determined by the duty cycle and pulse frequency of the pulsed optical signal source 110.

[0132] The delay length is the difference in length between optical fibers 140. The duty cycle of the pulsed optical signal source 110 represents the duty cycle of the pulsed optical signal output by the pulsed optical signal source 110, and the pulse frequency of the pulsed optical signal source 110 represents the pulse period of the pulsed optical signal output by the pulsed optical signal source 110.

[0133] For example, continue Figure 1 In the example, the length L1 of the optical fiber connected to signal output terminal B is subtracted from the length L2 of the optical fiber connected to signal output terminal A to obtain the delay length L.

[0134] Optionally, the multiple pulse optical signals output by the pulse optical signal source 110 have the same duty cycle and the same pulse period.

[0135] To ensure that the high-level segment of the time-delayed pulse optical signal corresponds to the low-level segment of the undelayed pulse optical signal, the delay length L satisfies the following relationship:

[0136] (η / f) * c ≤ L < (1-η) / f * c, η < 1 / n

[0137] η represents the duty cycle, f represents the pulse frequency, c represents the speed of light propagation, and n represents the number of signal output terminals.

[0138] In one embodiment, the delay length is the product of the ratio of duty cycle to pulse frequency and the speed of light propagation.

[0139] The delay length L, duty cycle η, and pulse frequency f satisfy the following relationship:

[0140] L = c * Δt = c * (η / f)

[0141] Δt represents the delay duration corresponding to the delay length L.

[0142] In one embodiment, the fiber optic coupler 120 is used to output a combined signal of pulsed optical signals of different frequencies, wherein pulsed optical signals of different frequencies appear alternately in one signal repetition cycle of the combined signal.

[0143] The fiber optic coupler 120 combines at least two pulsed optical signals of different frequencies output from the pulsed optical signal source 110 into a single combined signal for output.

[0144] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fiber optic coupler 120 couples two delayed pulsed optical signals to form a combined signal. In one signal repetition cycle of the combined signal, the pulsed optical signal with frequency F1 and the pulsed optical signal with frequency F2 appear alternately.

[0145] In the embodiments of this application, the provided fluorescence detection device uses an optical fiber coupler to output a combined signal of pulsed light signals of different frequencies. During one signal repetition cycle of the combined signal, pulsed light signals of different frequencies appear alternately. In the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the pulsed light signals of different frequencies appear alternately during one signal repetition cycle of the combined signal output by the optical fiber coupler, forming a combined signal with different frequencies in time sequence. This not only enables the detection of the sample to be tested at multiple depths, but also provides fast signal frequency switching speed and strong continuity.

[0146] To achieve the transmission of the multiplexed signal and the reception of the fluorescence signal, in one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fluorescence detector 130 includes a transmitting optical fiber 131 and a receiving optical fiber 132.

[0147] The fluorescence detector 130 is positioned opposite to the sample to be tested and is used to transmit a combined signal to the sample to be tested through the transmitting optical fiber 131 and to receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample to be tested under the action of the combined signal through the receiving optical fiber 132.

[0148] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fiber optic coupler 120 combines two pulsed light signals of different frequencies output from the pulsed light signal source 110 into a single combined signal, which is then transmitted through the fiber optic cable 140 to the transmitting fiber 131 in the fluorescence detector 130. The combined signal is then transmitted to the sample under test through the transmitting fiber 131. The photoluminescent material in the sample under test gains energy and is excited to produce photons under the action of this combined signal, thereby generating a fluorescence signal. This fluorescence signal illuminates the end face of the fiber optic coupler 120 and is collected by the receiving fiber optic cable 132.

[0149] In this embodiment of the application, the fluorescence detection device includes a transmitting optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber. The fluorescence detector is positioned opposite to the sample to be tested and is used to transmit a combined signal to the sample to be tested through the transmitting optical fiber and to receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample to be tested under the action of the combined signal through the receiving optical fiber. In the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the fluorescence detector is provided with a transmitting optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber to independently transmit the combined signal and receive the fluorescence signal, thereby reducing signal interference and improving detection reliability.

[0150] The samples to be tested are diverse. In one embodiment, the sample to be tested by the fluorescence detection device is a perovskite solar cell, and the fluorescence detector 130 is set up corresponding to the processing position where the perovskite solar cell is located.

[0151] The perovskite solar cell includes a perovskite layer made of perovskite material. A fluorescence detector 130 is positioned corresponding to the processing location of the perovskite solar cell. The fluorescence detector 130 can emit a combined signal to the perovskite solar cell, and the pulsed light signals of different frequencies in the combined signal can excite fluorescence signals at different depths of the perovskite layer.

[0152] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fluorescence detector 130 generates Figure 5 Taking the combined wave signal shown in the middle right figure as an example, the pulsed light signal with frequency F1 in the combined wave signal can excite a fluorescence signal at a depth H1 on the Z-axis of the perovskite layer, and the pulsed light signal with frequency F2 in the combined wave signal can excite a fluorescence signal at a depth H2 on the Z-axis of the perovskite layer. Among them, F1 > F2, H1 < H2.

[0153] In this embodiment, the sample to be tested by the provided fluorescence detection device is a perovskite solar cell, and the fluorescence detector is set up corresponding to the processing position where the perovskite solar cell is located. In the above-mentioned fluorescence detection device, the fluorescence detector is set up corresponding to the processing position where the perovskite solar cell is located, which can realize online detection of the perovskite solar cell being processed, and also improve the multi-depth detection of the perovskite solar cell, so as to improve the comprehensiveness of crystallization analysis.

[0154] In one embodiment, the processing station where the perovskite solar cell is located includes at least one of a spin coating process, an annealing process, or a flash evaporation process.

[0155] The spin coating process is equipped with a spin coater, which is used to coat the perovskite precursor liquid onto the surface of the battery substrate to form a perovskite thin film, i.e., a perovskite layer.

[0156] The annealing process includes an annealing station for heat treatment of the perovskite film to optimize its crystal quality and structure, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the battery.

[0157] The flash evaporation process is equipped with a flash evaporator, which is used to form high-quality perovskite thin films on the battery substrate using vacuum flash evaporation.

[0158] In practical applications, fluorescence detection devices 100 can be set up at each processing position of the perovskite solar cell, so that the output end of the fluorescence detector 130 in the fluorescence detection device 100 corresponds to the position of the processing position, so as to realize the detection of perovskite solar cells in different process states.

[0159] In this embodiment, the processing station where the perovskite solar cell is located includes at least one of the following processing steps: spin coating, annealing, or flash evaporation. In the aforementioned fluorescence detection device, the fluorescence detector is set up corresponding to at least one of the processing stations of the perovskite solar cell, such as spin coating, annealing, or flash evaporation. This enables the detection of perovskite solar cells under the corresponding process and also enables continuous detection of perovskite solar cells under multiple processes during the perovskite solar cell manufacturing process. This achieves full monitoring of the dynamic changes in the crystallization state of the perovskite layer (corresponding to each stage of crystal growth) throughout the entire manufacturing process of the perovskite solar cell.

[0160] In one embodiment, a crystallization state detection system is also provided. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the crystallization state detection system includes the fluorescence detection device 100 and the spectral analysis device 200 in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0161] The spectral analysis device 200 is connected to the fluorescence detector 130 in the fluorescence detection device 100 via an optical fiber.

[0162] For example, the spectral analysis device 200 is a computer device with processing and analysis capabilities.

[0163] The fluorescence detector 130 in the fluorescence detection device 100 transmits the collected fluorescence signal to the spectral analysis device 200 through an optical fiber. The spectral analysis device 200 obtains the fluorescence spectrum of the sample under test at different depths based on the fluorescence signal and analyzes the crystallization state corresponding to the fluorescence spectrum at different depths.

[0164] In this embodiment of the application, the provided crystallization state detection system includes any of the aforementioned fluorescence detection devices and a spectral analysis device connected to the fluorescence detection device; the spectral analysis device is connected to the fluorescence detector in the fluorescence detection device via an optical fiber; in the above-mentioned crystallization state detection system, the spectral analysis device can receive the fluorescence signal collected by the fluorescence detection device via an optical fiber, process and analyze it to obtain the crystallization state of the sample under test at different depths, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of crystallization analysis.

[0165] To process and analyze fluorescence signals, it is necessary to convert the fluorescence signals into electrical signals. Therefore, in one embodiment, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the spectral analysis device 200 includes a spectrometer 210 and an analysis terminal 220 electrically connected to the spectrometer 210; the spectrometer 210 is used to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and the analysis terminal 220 is used to output the fluorescence spectrum of the sample under the action of optical signals of different frequencies.

[0166] For example, the analysis terminal 220 is a computer.

[0167] The spectrometer 210 receives the fluorescence signal transmitted through the optical fiber by the fluorescence detector 130 in the fluorescence detection device 100, converts the fluorescence signal into an electrical signal, and then inputs it into the analysis terminal 200. The analysis terminal 200 is equipped with a corresponding analysis algorithm, which can separate the fluorescence signals corresponding to different frequencies according to the time sequence, obtain the fluorescence spectrum of the fluorescence signal corresponding to the corresponding frequency, and process and analyze it to obtain the crystallization state of the sample under test at the corresponding depth.

[0168] In this embodiment of the application, the provided crystallization state detection system includes a spectrometer and an analysis terminal electrically connected to the spectrometer. The spectrometer converts the received light signal into an electrical signal, and the analysis terminal outputs the fluorescence spectrum of the sample under the action of light signals at different frequencies. In the crystallization state detection system described above, the spectrometer in the spectrometer can realize photoelectric conversion of the fluorescence signal, and the analysis terminal can analyze and process the corresponding converted electrical signal to obtain the fluorescence spectrum of the sample at different depths. After further processing and analysis, the crystallization state of the sample at different depths is output, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of crystallization analysis.

[0169] The above description, in conjunction with specific / preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the present invention to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various substitutions or modifications can be made to these described embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of this specification, the terms "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; however, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0170] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fluorescence detection device, characterized in that, The fluorescence detection device includes: a pulsed light signal source, an optical fiber coupler, and a fluorescence detector; the pulsed light signal source includes at least two signal output terminals for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies, the at least two signal output terminals are connected to the optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber coupler is connected to the fluorescence detector; Wherein, one of the at least two signal output terminals is connected to the fiber optic coupler via a first optical fiber, and the other signal output terminals are connected to the fiber optic coupler via a delay unit; the delay unit is used to generate a delay between the pulse optical signals of different frequencies.

2. The fluorescence detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delay unit includes a plurality of second optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the optical fiber coupler through a corresponding second optical fiber. The refractive indices of the second optical fibers are different and are greater than those of the first optical fibers.

3. The fluorescence detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delay unit includes multiple third optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the optical fiber coupler through a corresponding third optical fiber. In each of the third optical fibers, the length of the first optical fiber is longer than that of the second optical fiber by one delay length, and the shortest third optical fiber is longer than that of the first optical fiber by one delay length. The delay length represents the fiber length corresponding to the interval between the different frequency pulse optical signals entering the fiber coupler.

4. The fluorescence detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delay unit includes multiple delay sub-units, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the fiber coupler through a corresponding delay sub-unit; each delay sub-unit includes a first optical fiber and at least one prism. The number of prisms between each of the aforementioned delay subunits differs by one, and the delay subunit with the fewest number of prisms includes one prism. Each prism is used to delay the signal output from the signal output terminal into the fiber optic coupler by a time interval.

5. The fluorescence detection device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The pulsed light signal source includes a pulse signal generator and a laser electrically connected to the pulse signal generator; each laser includes one of the signal output terminals.

6. The fluorescence detection device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The fluorescence detector includes a transmitting optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber; The fluorescence detector is positioned opposite to the sample to be tested, and is used to transmit the combined signal output by the fluorescence detector to the sample to be tested through the transmitting optical fiber, and to receive the fluorescence signal generated by the sample to be tested under the action of the combined signal through the receiving optical fiber.

7. A crystallization state detection system, characterized in that, The crystallization state detection system includes a fluorescence detection device and a spectral analysis device connected to the fluorescence detection device; The fluorescence detection device includes: a pulsed light signal source, an optical fiber coupler, and a fluorescence detector; the pulsed light signal source includes at least two signal output terminals for outputting pulsed light signals of different frequencies, the at least two signal output terminals are connected to the optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber coupler is connected to the fluorescence detector through an optical fiber. Wherein, one of the at least two signal output terminals is connected to the fiber optic coupler via a first optical fiber, and the other signal output terminals are connected to the fiber optic coupler via a delay unit; the delay unit is used to generate a delay between the pulsed optical signals of different frequencies. The spectral analysis device is connected to the fluorescence detector via an optical fiber.

8. The crystallization state detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The delay unit includes a plurality of second optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the optical fiber coupler through a corresponding second optical fiber. The refractive indices of the second optical fibers are different and are greater than those of the first optical fibers.

9. The crystallization state detection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The delay unit includes multiple third optical fibers, and each of the other signal output terminals is connected to the optical fiber coupler through a corresponding third optical fiber. In each of the third optical fibers, the length of the first optical fiber is longer than that of the second optical fiber by one delay length, and the shortest third optical fiber is longer than that of the first optical fiber by one delay length. The delay length represents the fiber length corresponding to the interval between the different frequency pulse optical signals entering the fiber coupler.

10. The crystallization state detection system according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The spectral analysis device includes a spectrometer and an analysis terminal electrically connected to the spectrometer; the spectrometer is used to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and the analysis terminal is used to output the fluorescence spectrum of the sample under the action of optical signals of different frequencies.

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