A positive pressure long-endurance aircraft breathing apparatus

Abstract

This application relates to a positive-pressure long-endurance aviation breathing apparatus, which belongs to the field of emergency rescue equipment. It includes a pressure cylinder, a pressure reducer, a molecular membrane filter, a positive-pressure container, a carbon dioxide absorption device, and a breathing mask. The inlet of the pressure reducer is connected to the pressure cylinder, and the outlet is connected to the filter inlet of the molecular membrane filter. The oxygen-enriched outlet of the molecular membrane filter is connected to the positive-pressure container. An oxygen supply pipe is connected between the positive-pressure container and the breathing mask inlet. An oxygen recovery pipe is provided between the breathing mask outlet and the positive-pressure container. The carbon dioxide absorption device is installed on the oxygen recovery pipe, which can increase the oxygen content of the breathing gas and extend the endurance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of emergency rescue equipment, specifically to a positive pressure long-duration air respirator. Background Technology

[0002] An air respirator, also known as a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), is an emergency rescue device that increases the oxygen level required for respiration. It ensures the body's ability to breathe in emergency situations, sustaining life and facilitating necessary rescue or self-rescue operations. SCBAs are widely used in fire fighting, chemical, shipbuilding, petroleum, metallurgical, warehouse, laboratory, and mining industries, enabling firefighters and rescue personnel to safely and effectively conduct firefighting, disaster relief, and rescue work in environments with dense smoke, toxic gases, steam, or oxygen deficiency, or for self-rescue and escape in dangerous locations.

[0003] Positive pressure breathing apparatus (PPB) maintains positive pressure within the breathing mask, preventing toxic gases, dense fumes, and airborne pollutants from entering the mask. It provides oxygen while protecting the body from harmful substances, ensuring self-rescue and rescue operations in toxic environments. PPB BPAs typically contain a compressed air cylinder. The compressed air is depressurized and delivered to the breathing mask for breathing, maintaining positive pressure within the mask. The amount of compressed air stored in the cylinder determines the PPB BPA's operating time.

[0004] Existing positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatuses supply breathing air to the human body after depressurization. The oxygen content of the air is about 21%, which is insufficient to meet the oxygen needs of people during heavy lifting and strenuous exercise. Currently, these apparatuses typically release exhaled air into the atmosphere through a breathing valve, while the inhaled air is entirely supplied by compressed air from a cylinder. This cylinder must be carried by the wearer, limiting its capacity and affecting the apparatus's runtime. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to increase the oxygen content of breathing gas and extend flight time, this application provides a positive pressure long-endurance aviation breathing apparatus.

[0006] The positive pressure long-endurance aircraft breathing apparatus provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A positive-pressure long-sustained-use aviation breathing apparatus includes a pressure cylinder, a pressure reducer, a molecular membrane filter, a positive-pressure container, a carbon dioxide absorption device, and a breathing mask. The inlet of the pressure reducer is connected to the pressure cylinder, and the outlet is connected to the filter inlet of the molecular membrane filter. The oxygen-enriched outlet of the molecular membrane filter is connected to the positive-pressure container. An oxygen supply pipe is connected between the positive-pressure container and the inlet of the breathing mask. An oxygen recovery pipe is provided between the outlet of the breathing mask and the positive-pressure container. The carbon dioxide absorption device is disposed on the oxygen recovery pipe.

[0008] By employing the above technical solution, a molecular membrane filter positioned between the pressure reducer and the positive pressure container can remove some nitrogen from the compressed air after pressure reduction, increasing the oxygen content of the breathing gas delivered to the breathing mask. This reduces the physical exertion required for breathing and enhances the user's ability to perform high-intensity activities. Furthermore, an oxygen recovery tube positioned between the breathing mask outlet and the positive pressure container reduces the carbon dioxide content in exhaled air, allowing residual oxygen to be recovered and reused in the positive pressure container. This maximizes the utilization of oxygen in the compressed air and extends the operating time of the air respirator.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the outlet of the pressure reducer is also connected to the positive pressure container, which is equipped with a pressure sensor. A gas replenishment valve is installed on the connecting pipeline between the pressure reducer and the positive pressure container. The gas replenishment valve includes a manual gas replenishment valve and an electrically controlled gas replenishment valve, which is connected to the pressure sensor.

[0010] By employing the above technical solution, utilizing the air supply valve installed on the connecting pipeline between the pressure reducer and the positive pressure container, and the air pressure sensor installed on the positive pressure container, medium-pressure air depressurized by the pressure reducer can be supplied to the positive pressure container when the gas pressure inside the positive pressure container is lower than the set value. This rapidly increases the gas pressure inside the positive pressure container, ensuring that the breathing gas pressure in the breathing mask is always higher than the external atmospheric pressure, maintaining a positive pressure state. The manual air supply valve allows for manual adjustment of the supply pressure based on the user's perception, meeting the positive pressure requirements under different concentrations of harmful substances and pressure environments. The electrically controlled air supply valve allows for automatic adjustment of the pressure inside the positive pressure container, resulting in higher pressure stability and reducing reliance on manual operation.

[0011] In one specific implementation, the positive pressure vessel is equipped with a pressure relief valve, which is either a spring-loaded pressure relief valve or an electrically controlled pressure relief valve, and the electrically controlled pressure relief valve is connected to the pressure sensor.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the pressure relief valve installed on the positive pressure vessel can be opened when the pressure inside the positive pressure vessel is too high, thereby releasing some of the gas in the positive pressure vessel, ensuring that the gas pressure in the positive pressure vessel is always below the set pressure level, and preventing the positive pressure vessel from being damaged under high pressure.

[0013] In one specific implementation, a high-nitrogen gas pipe is connected to the high-nitrogen gas outlet of the molecular membrane filter, and a heat exchanger is provided on the oxygen supply pipe. The first flow channel of the heat exchanger is connected to the oxygen supply pipe, and the high-nitrogen gas pipe is wound around the heat exchanger and then connected to the second flow channel of the heat exchanger. The other end of the second flow channel is connected to the external space.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, using a heat exchanger installed on the oxygen supply pipe and a high-nitrogen gas pipe with the heat exchanger wound around it and connected to the second flow channel, the low temperature formed by the pressure reducer depressurizing the compressed air can be used to cool the high-nitrogen gas. The cooled high-nitrogen gas can then be used to cool the gas in the oxygen supply pipe, thereby avoiding the rise in the temperature of the breathing gas in high-temperature environments such as fire scenes and improving the comfort of human breathing.

[0015] In one specific implementation, a temperature sensor is provided on the breathing mask or oxygen supply tube, and a three-way proportional valve is provided on the high-nitrogen gas tube. The inlet and one outlet of the three-way proportional valve are connected to the high-nitrogen gas tube, and the other outlet is connected to the external space. The temperature sensor is connected to the three-way proportional valve.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, a temperature sensor installed on the breathing mask or oxygen supply tube can detect the temperature of the breathing gas delivered to the breathing mask and automatically adjust the flow ratio of the two outlets of the three-way proportional valve according to the temperature of the breathing gas. This controls the flow rate of the low-temperature high-nitrogen gas delivered to the heat exchanger in the high-nitrogen gas tube, thereby automatically adjusting the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas after heat exchange and improving the temperature stability of the oxygen-enriched gas delivered to the mask.

[0017] In one specific implementation, the positive pressure long-duration aviation breathing apparatus of this application further includes a semiconductor cooling device, which includes a semiconductor cooling chip and a cooling battery. The semiconductor cooling chip is disposed on the oxygen supply tube and connected to the cooling battery and a temperature sensor.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, using a semiconductor cooling chip installed on the oxygen supply tube, the oxygen supply tube can be cooled or heated according to the temperature of the breathing gas detected by the temperature sensor, so that the breathing gas delivered to the breathing mask can be kept at a suitable temperature regardless of the temperature environment.

[0019] In one specific implementation, the breathing mask is equipped with an oxygen sensor, and a flow regulating valve is provided at the high-nitrogen outlet of the molecular membrane filter, with the oxygen sensor connected to the flow regulating valve.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, using an oxygen sensor installed on the breathing mask, the oxygen concentration of the breathing gas in the breathing mask can be detected. When the oxygen concentration is insufficient, the flow regulating valve is controlled to increase the flow rate of high nitrogen gas flowing out of the high nitrogen outlet of the molecular membrane filter, thereby increasing the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas flowing out of its oxygen-enriched outlet, thus controlling the oxygen concentration of the breathing gas in the breathing mask.

[0021] In one specific implementation, an electrically operated pressure regulating valve is provided on the outlet pipeline of the pressure reducer, and the electrically operated pressure regulating valve is connected to the oxygen sensor.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, and using the electric pressure regulating valve installed on the outlet pipeline of the pressure reducer, the pressure of the output medium-pressure air can be increased when the oxygen concentration in the gas sent to the breathing mask is insufficient. This increases the flow rate of the air delivered to the molecular membrane filter, thereby filtering out more oxygen and increasing the oxygen concentration of the breathing gas in the breathing mask.

[0023] In one specific implementation scheme, a negative pressure generator is provided between the pressure reducer and the oxygen-enriched outlet. The inlet of the negative pressure generator is connected to the pressure reducer, the outlet is connected to the positive pressure container, and the negative pressure port is connected to the oxygen-enriched outlet.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, a negative pressure generator connected to the oxygen-enriched outlet of the molecular membrane filter can quickly draw the gas from the oxygen-enriched outlet into the breathing mask, reduce the pressure at the oxygen-enriched outlet, improve the filtration efficiency of the molecular membrane filter and the amount of oxygen filtered out, thereby increasing the total amount of oxygen in the breathing mask at the supply point.

[0025] In one specific feasible implementation, a generator solenoid valve is installed on the inlet pipe of the negative pressure generator.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the working state of the negative pressure generator can be controlled by the generator solenoid valve installed on the inlet pipeline of the negative pressure generator, thereby controlling the amount of oxygen filtered out by the molecular membrane filter, forming a high-flow oxygen supply mode when the negative pressure generator is working, and a normal flow oxygen supply mode when the negative pressure generator is not working.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] 1. By using a molecular membrane filter placed between the pressure reducer and the breathing mask, some of the nitrogen in the medium-pressure air formed after the pressure reducer is filtered out, forming oxygen-enriched gas with a higher oxygen content. This oxygen-enriched gas is then delivered to the breathing mask to increase the oxygen content in the mask and meet the oxygen supply needs of the user during high-intensity exercise.

[0029] 2. A positive pressure container located between the respirator and the molecular membrane filter can temporarily store the oxygen-enriched gas delivered to the respirator, forming a positive pressure oxygen-enriched gas buffer storage area. This helps to buffer the impact of human breathing movements on the pressure of the breathing gas in the respirator. Furthermore, by introducing medium-pressure air and expelling excess gas through the air supply valve and pressure relief valve on the positive pressure container, the gas pressure in the positive pressure container is maintained at a set positive pressure state, preventing harmful gases from the outside from entering the respirator and endangering the user's health.

[0030] 3. By using a carbon dioxide absorption device located between the air outlet of the breathing mask and the positive pressure container, carbon dioxide in the human body's exhaled air can be absorbed, increasing the oxygen content in the exhaled air. The exhaled air with increased oxygen content is then sent back to the positive pressure container to recycle the remaining oxygen in the exhaled air, thus extending the operating time of the air respirator.

[0031] 4. By installing temperature or oxygen sensors on the breathing mask or its air supply line, the temperature of the gas delivered to the breathing mask can be adjusted by using the low temperature generated by the pressure reducer or by using the temperature regulation function of the refrigeration device, thereby improving the comfort of human breathing; by using a negative pressure generator to increase the filtration efficiency of the molecular membrane filter or to increase the filtration pressure of the molecular membrane filter, the oxygen content in the filtered oxygen-enriched gas can be adjusted so that the oxygen concentration in the breathing mask matches the needs of the human body, thereby meeting the needs of human activity while extending the runtime of the air respirator. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a control principle diagram of one embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the negative pressure generator part in one embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas flow direction in the negative pressure generator under high-flow oxygen supply mode in one embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas flow direction of the negative pressure generator in a normal flow oxygen supply mode in one embodiment of this application.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Pressure cylinder; 11. Electronic pressure gauge; 12. Low pressure alarm; 2. Pressure reducer; 21. Electric pressure regulating valve; 22. Negative pressure generator; 23. Generator solenoid valve; 3. Molecular membrane filter; 31. Filter inlet; 32. Oxygen-enriched outlet; 33. High-nitrogen outlet; 34. High-nitrogen gas pipe; 35. Three-way proportional valve; 36. Flow regulating valve; 4. Positive pressure container; 41. Pressure sensor; 42. Make-up valve; 421. Manual make-up valve; 422. Electrically controlled make-up valve; 43. Pressure relief valve; 5. Carbon dioxide absorption device; 51. Buffer bag; 6. Breathing mask; 61. Oxygen supply pipe; 62. Oxygen recovery pipe; 63. Temperature sensor; 64. Oxygen sensor; 65. Carbon dioxide sensor; 7. Heat exchanger; 8. Semiconductor refrigeration device; 81. Semiconductor refrigeration chip; 82. Refrigeration battery; 9. Display screen. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] One embodiment of the positive pressure long-endurance aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a pressure cylinder 1, a pressure reducer 2, a molecular membrane filter 3, a positive pressure container 4, a carbon dioxide absorption device 5, and a breathing mask 6. The pressure cylinder 1 is typically made of high-pressure steel or high-pressure-resistant carbon fiber, and stores compressed air at a pressure of approximately 30 MPa. Using compressed air at 30 MPa increases the amount of air stored in the pressure cylinder 1; when depressurized to atmospheric pressure, it can provide approximately 300 times the volume of air in the cylinder 1, meeting the breathing needs of rescuers for a longer period and extending the operating time of the breathing apparatus. The depressurized compressed air also meets the breathing needs of rescuers, is readily available, has lower operating costs, and will not cause an explosion when released into a fire, making it safer to use.

[0041] Pressure regulator 2 can be any type of suitable gas pressure regulator. Pressure regulator 2 is connected to pressure cylinder 1 and is usually fixed at the opening of pressure cylinder 1. The inlet of pressure regulator 2 is connected to pressure cylinder 1 and can reduce the pressure of compressed air in pressure cylinder 1 to a pressure level of about 0.8 MPa, which meets the pressure requirements of molecular membrane filter 3 for filtering oxygen, forming medium-pressure air output through the outlet of pressure regulator 2.

[0042] The molecular membrane filter 3 is a device that utilizes the difference in permeation rates of oxygen and nitrogen through a polymer membrane to achieve oxygen enrichment. The molecular membrane filter 3 includes a filter inlet 31, an oxygen-enriched outlet 32, and a high-nitrogen outlet 33. The filter inlet 31 is connected to the outlet of the pressure regulator 2, introducing medium-pressure air into the molecular membrane filter 3 to create the pressure required for oxygen separation. The oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​of the molecular membrane filter 3 is connected to a positive pressure vessel 4, enabling the delivery of oxygen-enriched gas with an oxygen content of 30-40% after molecular membrane filtration into the positive pressure vessel 4. The high-nitrogen gas with a high nitrogen content after molecular membrane filtration flows out through the high-nitrogen outlet 33 and is ultimately discharged into the atmosphere.

[0043] The positive pressure container 4 can be any container capable of storing oxygen-enriched gas and creating a certain positive pressure. To reduce the volume of the air respirator in its non-operating state, an elastic inflatable container, such as an elastic airbag, is usually used. The oxygen-enriched gas output through the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​is transported to the positive pressure container 4 through a pipeline, creating a certain positive pressure in the positive pressure container 4. Using an elastic airbag as the positive pressure container 4 also facilitates the formation of positive pressure in the container.

[0044] The breathing mask 6 can be any existing full-face mask with an inlet and an outlet. An oxygen supply tube 61 connects the inlet of the breathing mask 6 to the positive pressure container 4. The oxygen supply tube 61 delivers oxygen-enriched gas from the positive pressure container 4 to the breathing mask 6 to meet the user's breathing needs and creates a positive pressure within the breathing mask 6. This prevents toxic and harmful substances from the external environment from entering the breathing mask 6 through the gap between the mask and the user's face, causing discomfort and affecting the user's health. An inhalation valve can also be installed at the inlet of the breathing mask 6 to prevent exhaled air from flowing back through the oxygen supply tube 61.

[0045] An oxygen recovery tube 62 is provided between the outlet of the breathing mask 6 and the positive pressure container 4 to recover the remaining oxygen in the user's exhaled air, improve oxygen utilization efficiency, and thus extend the battery life of the air respirator. An exhalation valve may also be provided at the outlet of the breathing mask 6 to prevent oxygen-rich gas from entering the breathing mask 6 through the oxygen recovery tube 62 when the user inhales.

[0046] A carbon dioxide absorption device 5 is installed on the oxygen recovery pipe 62. The carbon dioxide absorption device 5 includes a transparent plastic adsorbent cartridge container mounted on the oxygen recovery pipe 62, and an adsorbent cartridge slot containing commercially available carbon dioxide adsorbent. The carbon dioxide adsorbent absorbs carbon dioxide from exhaled air, reducing its concentration and relatively increasing its oxygen concentration. The gas with reduced carbon dioxide concentration flows back to the positive pressure container 4 through the oxygen recovery pipe 62, allowing the oxygen to be recycled. The main component of the carbon dioxide adsorbent is calcium hydroxide, which reacts with carbon dioxide to produce calcium carbonate and water. The calcium hydroxide is gradually consumed by the user, and as the calcium hydroxide content decreases, the color of the carbon dioxide adsorbent changes, such as from pink to gray. At this point, the adsorbent cartridge slot in the adsorbent cartridge container can be removed and replaced with a new one to maintain its carbon dioxide absorption capacity.

[0047] A buffer airbag 51 can also be installed between the carbon dioxide absorption device 5 and the positive pressure container 4. During use, the pressure in the breathing mask 6 changes periodically with the user's breathing. Usually, only in the later stages of the user's exhalation can the pressure in the breathing mask 6 rise to a level higher than the pressure in the positive pressure container 4. At this time, the exhaled gas can flow back into the positive pressure container through the oxygen recovery tube 62. Once the user begins to inhale, the return flow of the exhaled gas stops. The return flow time is short, the return effect is poor, and it also increases the user's expiratory pressure and expiratory resistance, affecting the user's comfort. The buffer airbag 51 can collect the exhaled gas into the buffer airbag 51, buffer the pressure rise at the end of the user's exhalation, and maintain the pressure in the buffer airbag 51 after the user begins to inhale, so that the exhaled gas in the buffer airbag 51 can form a longer return flow time and improve the return effect of the exhaled gas.

[0048] In some embodiments of the positive-pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the positive-pressure long-endurance breathing apparatus of this application also includes a controller, which can be any intelligent control unit, such as a microcontroller or PLC. The outlet of the pressure reducer 2 is directly connected to the positive-pressure container 4 via a pipe, and a make-up air valve 42 is installed on the connecting pipe between the pressure reducer 2 and the positive-pressure container 4. A pressure sensor 41 is installed on the positive-pressure container 4 and is connected to the controller. The pressure sensor 41 can detect the pressure in the positive-pressure container 4. When the pressure in the positive-pressure container 4 is lower than the required level, the controller can send a control signal to control or remind the user to briefly open the make-up air valve 42, directly introducing the medium-pressure air output from the pressure reducer 2 into the positive-pressure container 4, thereby rapidly increasing the pressure in the positive-pressure container 4 to meet the positive-pressure requirements.

[0049] A flow-limiting pipe of a certain length and small diameter can also be installed on the direct connection pipeline between the pressure reducer 2 and the positive pressure vessel 4. The flow-limiting pipe restricts the flow rate and pressure of medium-pressure air flowing into the positive pressure vessel 4, so that the pressure in the positive pressure vessel 4 increases more slowly, thereby improving the control accuracy of the pressure in the positive pressure vessel 4.

[0050] The replenishment valve 42 includes a manual replenishment valve 421 and an electrically controlled replenishment valve 422. The manual replenishment valve 421 and the electrically controlled replenishment valve 422 are connected in parallel between the pressure reducer 2 and the positive pressure container 4 via a direct connection pipe. The electrically controlled replenishment valve 422 is connected to a controller and can automatically open and close under the control signal from the controller, automatically maintaining the pressure in the positive pressure container 4 at a set level. The manual replenishment valve 421 can be opened and closed manually by the user. It can also be manually opened when the user feels that the pressure in the positive pressure container 4 is insufficient, such as when external smoke enters the breathing mask 6, to increase the positive pressure level in the positive pressure container 4 and ensure that the air pressure in the breathing mask 6 is sufficient to prevent the entry of external toxic and harmful substances.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the positive pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a pressure relief valve 43 is provided on the positive pressure container 4. The pressure relief valve 43 can open when the pressure inside the positive pressure container 4 exceeds the set value, so as to discharge part of the oxygen-enriched gas inside the positive pressure container 4 and prevent damage to the positive pressure container.

[0052] The pressure relief valve 43 can be a spring-loaded valve. When the pressure inside the positive pressure container 4 exceeds a set value, the gas pressure pushes the spring to deform and open the exhaust channel to release some gas, thus reducing the pressure inside the positive pressure container 4. Alternatively, an electrically controlled pressure relief valve can be used. Both the electrically controlled pressure relief valve and the pressure sensor 41 installed on the positive pressure container 4 are connected to the controller in the air respirator. The pressure sensor 41 detects the gas pressure inside the positive pressure container 4. When the pressure inside the positive pressure container 4 exceeds the set value, the pressure sensor 41 sends a signal to control the electrically controlled pressure relief valve to open, releasing some gas from the positive pressure container 4 and reducing the pressure inside the positive pressure container 4. Of course, both a spring-loaded pressure relief valve and an electrically controlled pressure relief valve can be installed on the positive pressure container 4 simultaneously to further ensure the reliability of gas discharge when the gas pressure inside the positive pressure container 4 is too high.

[0053] In some embodiments of the positive-pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, a high-nitrogen gas pipe 34 is connected to the high-nitrogen outlet 33 of the molecular membrane filter 3. The high-nitrogen gas pipe 34 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. A heat exchanger 7 is installed on the oxygen supply pipe 61. Various suitable small heat exchangers can be used for the heat exchanger 7, typically shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The first flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 is connected to the oxygen supply pipe 61. Its inlet is connected to the positive pressure vessel 4 through the oxygen supply pipe 61, and its outlet is connected to the breathing mask 6 through the oxygen supply pipe 61. The high-nitrogen gas pipe 34 is connected to the pressure reducer 2. After being wound around the pressure reducer 2, it is connected to the inlet of the second flow channel of the heat exchanger 7. The outlet of the second flow channel of the heat exchanger 7 is connected to the external space.

[0054] When the pressure reducer 2 reduces the pressure of the compressed air in the pressure cylinder 1, the significant drop in compressed air pressure absorbs a large amount of heat, which exchanges heat with the high-nitrogen gas in the high-nitrogen gas tube 34 wrapped around the pressure reducer 2, causing a significant drop in the temperature of the high-nitrogen gas. The low-temperature high-nitrogen gas flows through the second channel of the heat exchanger 7, exchanging heat with the oxygen-enriched gas in the first channel, causing the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas to drop. This significantly reduces the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas inhaled by the user during rescue and protection in high-temperature environments such as fire scenes, improving the user's breathing comfort. Moreover, the energy for cooling the oxygen-enriched gas is generated by the pressure reduction of the compressed air, without requiring additional energy.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the positive pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a temperature sensor 63 is installed on the oxygen supply tube 61, which can detect the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas delivered to the breathing mask 6.

[0056] A three-way proportional valve 35 is installed on the high-nitrogen gas pipe 34. One inlet of the three-way proportional valve 35 is connected to the high-nitrogen gas pipe 34 on the side where the molecular membrane filter 3 is located, one outlet is connected to the high-nitrogen gas pipe 34 on the side where the heat exchanger 7 is located, and the other outlet is directly open to the external space. Both the temperature sensor 63 and the three-way proportional valve 35 are connected to the controller in the air respirator. The controller can control the flow ratio of the two outlets of the three-way proportional valve 35 according to the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas detected by the temperature sensor 63, and even completely close one of the outlets. When the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas rises, the flow area of ​​the outlet connected to the heat exchanger 7 is increased, which increases the flow rate of the low-temperature, high-nitrogen gas flowing into the heat exchanger 7, resulting in a better cooling effect on the oxygen-enriched gas and causing its temperature to drop. Conversely, when the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas drops, the flow area of ​​the outlet connected to the heat exchanger 7 is reduced, or even the outlet connected to the heat exchanger 7 is closed, which reduces the flow rate of the low-temperature, high-nitrogen gas flowing into the heat exchanger 7, or even discharges all the low-temperature, high-nitrogen gas into the atmosphere through the other outlet of the three-way proportional valve 35, causing the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas to rise, thereby automatically maintaining the stability of the oxygen-enriched gas temperature.

[0057] As one specific embodiment of the positive pressure long-endurance aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, to adapt to the requirements of use in some extreme high and low temperature environments, the positive pressure long-endurance aviation breathing apparatus of this application can also be equipped with a semiconductor cooling device 8. The semiconductor cooling device 8 contains a semiconductor cooling chip 81 and a high-capacity cooling battery 82. The semiconductor cooling chip 81 is mounted on the oxygen supply pipe 61, which typically has a heat exchange chamber through which oxygen-enriched gas is transferred to the breathing mask 6. The semiconductor cooling chip 81 is fixed to the side wall of the heat exchange chamber with thermally conductive adhesive. Driven by the cooling battery 82, it heats or cools the oxygen-enriched gas within the heat exchange chamber. The semiconductor cooling device 8 is connected to a controller, which controls the direction and current of the power supply from the cooling battery 82 to the semiconductor cooling chip 81 based on the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas detected by the temperature sensor 63. This allows for appropriate heating or cooling of the oxygen-enriched gas within the heat exchange chamber, maintaining the temperature of the oxygen-enriched gas flowing into the breathing mask 6 at a set level and improving the user's breathing comfort.

[0058] In some embodiments of the positive-pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an oxygen sensor 64 is also provided on the breathing mask 6, which can detect the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask. At the high nitrogen outlet 33 of the molecular membrane filter 3, a flow regulating valve 36 is usually provided on the high nitrogen gas pipe 34 adjacent to the high nitrogen outlet 33. The flow regulating valve 36 can adjust the flow rate of high nitrogen gas flowing out of the high nitrogen outlet 33.

[0059] Both the oxygen sensor 64 and the flow regulating valve 36 are connected to the controller in the air respirator. The controller can adjust the valve size of the flow regulating valve 36 according to the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask 6 detected by the oxygen sensor 64, thereby regulating the flow rate of high nitrogen gas flowing out through the high nitrogen outlet 33, affecting the oxygen filtration efficiency of the molecular membrane filter 3, and thus regulating the amount and oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched gas flowing out through the oxygen-enriched outlet 32, so as to ensure that the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask 6 is stable.

[0060] When a user's breathing volume increases due to high-intensity exercise, the oxygen consumption in the breathing mask 6 increases, and the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask 6 decreases. The circulation of airflow in the breathing mask 6, oxygen recovery pipe 62, positive pressure container 4, and oxygen supply pipe 61 causes the oxygen content in the oxygen supply pipe 61 to decrease. Based on the detection results of oxygen sensor 64, the controller controls the valve orifice area of ​​flow regulating valve 36 to increase, increasing the flow rate of high-nitrogen gas flowing out through high-nitrogen outlet 33. This will cause an increase in the amount of medium-pressure gas filtered by molecular membrane filter 3, and the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched gas flowing out through oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​will also increase. More oxygen is delivered to the breathing mask 6 along with the oxygen-enriched gas, increasing the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask 6 to meet the needs of the human body during high-intensity exercise. At the same time, the consumption of compressed air also increases.

[0061] When the user's exercise load decreases, the oxygen consumption within the breathing mask 6 also decreases, and the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask 6 increases. The circulation of airflow through the breathing mask 6, oxygen recovery pipe 62, positive pressure container 4, and oxygen supply pipe 61 further increases the oxygen content in the oxygen supply pipe 61. Based on the detection results of the oxygen sensor 64, the controller controls the valve orifice area of ​​the flow regulating valve 36 to decrease, reducing the flow rate of high-nitrogen gas flowing out through the high-nitrogen outlet 33. The amount of medium-pressure gas filtered by the molecular membrane filter 3 also decreases, and the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched gas flowing out through the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​also decreases accordingly. This reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the breathing mask 6, maintaining a stable oxygen content in the breathing gas within the breathing mask 6, while simultaneously reducing the consumption of compressed air. This not only automatically adjusts the amount of oxygen delivered to the breathing mask 6 according to the user's exercise intensity to ensure the user's breathing needs, but also ensures that the consumption of compressed air is limited to meeting the user's needs, preventing excessive consumption of compressed air and extending the limited lifespan of the compressed air supply.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the positive pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an electric pressure regulating valve 21 is also installed on the outlet pipe of the pressure reducer 2. The electric pressure regulating valve 21 can adjust the pressure of the medium-pressure air output through the outlet pipe of the pressure reducer 2. The electric pressure regulating valve 21 is connected to the controller. When the oxygen sensor 64 detects that the oxygen content of the gas in the oxygen supply pipe 61 has increased or decreased by a certain amount, indicating that it is difficult to restore the stability of the oxygen content by adjusting the flow regulating valve 36, the controller controls the electric pressure regulating valve 21 to operate, thereby reducing or increasing the pressure of the medium-pressure air, thereby reducing or increasing the oxygen filtration effect of the molecular membrane filter 3, further reducing or increasing the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched gas flowing out through the oxygen-enriched outlet 32, and ensuring that the oxygen content of the breathing gas in the breathing mask 6 remains stable.

[0063] In some embodiments of the positive-pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a negative pressure generator 22 is installed between the pressure reducer 2 and the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​of the molecular membrane filter 3. The negative pressure generator 22 is typically a venturi tube. The inlet of the negative pressure generator 22 is connected to the connecting pipe between the outlet of the pressure reducer 2 and the filter inlet 31 of the molecular membrane filter 3. The outlet of the negative pressure generator 22 is connected to the positive pressure container 4 through a pipe, and the negative pressure port of the negative pressure generator 22 is connected to the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​of the molecular membrane filter 3 through a pipe.

[0064] like Figure 4As shown, when medium-pressure air is delivered to the molecular membrane filter 3 through the outlet of the pressure reducer 2 for oxygen filtration and separation, a portion of the medium-pressure air enters the negative pressure generator 22 through the inlet of the negative pressure generator 22, creating a negative pressure at the negative pressure port of the negative pressure generator 22, that is, at the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​of the molecular membrane filter 3. This negative pressure rapidly delivers the oxygen-enriched gas at the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​through the outlet of the negative pressure generator 22 to the positive pressure container 4. The oxygen enrichment at the oxygen-enriched outlet 32 ​​effectively improves the oxygen filtration efficiency of the molecular membrane filter 3 and increases the amount of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched gas flowing out through the oxygen-enriched outlet 32.

[0065] Because medium-pressure air is mixed into the oxygen-enriched gas filtered by the molecular membrane filter 3, the oxygen content in the oxygen-enriched gas decreases to about 26-30%, but the output flow rate of the oxygen-enriched gas is greatly increased to about 35L per minute. Therefore, the total amount of oxygen delivered to the positive pressure container 4 can be greatly increased, which can meet the oxygen consumption needs of users in heavy-load operations such as running and carrying wounded people.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment of the positive pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a generator solenoid valve 23 is also installed on the inlet pipe of the negative pressure generator 22. When the generator solenoid valve 23 is opened, medium-pressure air flows into the negative pressure generator 22 to generate negative pressure. The gas flow direction in the negative pressure generator 22 and the molecular membrane filter 3 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the molecular membrane filter 3 generates a large flow of oxygen-enriched gas under negative pressure, forming a high-flow oxygen supply mode for the air respirator. When the generator solenoid valve 23 is closed, no medium-pressure air flows into the negative pressure generator 22, and the gas flow direction in the negative pressure generator 22 and the molecular membrane filter 3 is as follows... Figure 5 As shown, the molecular membrane filter 3 relies on the pressure of medium-pressure air to filter oxygen, forming the normal flow oxygen supply mode of the air respirator.

[0067] The positive pressure long-duration aviation breathing apparatus of this application is also equipped with a display screen 9, a carbon dioxide sensor 65 is also installed on the oxygen supply tube 61, and an electronic pressure gauge 11 for detecting the compressed air pressure in the pressure cylinder 1 is also installed on the pressure cylinder 1. The carbon dioxide sensor 65, the electronic pressure gauge 11 and the display screen 9 are all connected to the controller. The display screen 9 can display the data detected by the oxygen sensor 64, the temperature sensor 63, the carbon dioxide sensor 65 and the electronic pressure gauge 11.

[0068] When the carbon dioxide sensor 65 detects an increase in carbon dioxide content in the oxygen supply tube 61, it indicates that the carbon dioxide adsorbent in the adsorbent cartridge is about to be depleted, and its carbon dioxide absorption function is decreasing. The controller can issue a warning signal to prompt the user to replace the adsorbent cartridge with a new one.

[0069] The positive pressure long-duration aviation breathing apparatus of this application is also equipped with an underpressure alarm 12. When the pressure of the compressed air in the pressure cylinder 1 is lower than the set level, the controller controls the underpressure alarm 12 to issue an alarm message, indicating that the compressed air is about to run out and the user must leave the dangerous area as soon as possible.

[0070] In the description of this application, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "specific embodiment," and "preferred embodiment" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this application, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0071] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus, characterized by: The device includes a pressure cylinder (1), a pressure reducer (2), a molecular membrane filter (3), a positive pressure container (4), a carbon dioxide absorption device (5), and a breathing mask (6). The inlet of the pressure reducer (2) is connected to the pressure cylinder (1), and the outlet is connected to the filter inlet (31) of the molecular membrane filter (3). The oxygen-enriched outlet (32) of the molecular membrane filter (3) is connected to the positive pressure container (4). An oxygen supply pipe (61) is connected between the positive pressure container (4) and the inlet of the breathing mask (6). An oxygen recovery pipe (62) is provided between the outlet of the breathing mask (6) and the positive pressure container (4). The carbon dioxide absorption device (5) is installed on the oxygen recovery pipe (62).

2. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet of the pressure reducer (2) is also connected to the positive pressure container (4). A pressure sensor (41) is provided on the positive pressure container (4). A gas replenishment valve (42) is provided on the connecting pipeline between the pressure reducer (2) and the positive pressure container (4). The gas replenishment valve (42) includes a manual gas replenishment valve (421) and an electrically controlled gas replenishment valve (422). The electrically controlled gas replenishment valve (422) can operate under the control of the detection signal of the pressure sensor (41).

3. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The positive pressure container (4) is provided with a pressure relief valve (43), which is a spring pressure relief valve or an electrically controlled pressure relief valve. The electrically controlled pressure relief valve can operate under the control of the signal detected by the pressure sensor (41).

4. The positive-pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-nitrogen outlet (33) of the molecular membrane filter (3) is connected to a high-nitrogen gas pipe (34). A heat exchanger (7) is provided on the oxygen supply pipe (61). The first flow channel of the heat exchanger (7) is connected to the oxygen supply pipe (61). The high-nitrogen gas pipe (34) is wound around the pressure reducer (2) and then connected to the second flow channel of the heat exchanger (7). The other end of the second flow channel is connected to the external space.

5. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus of claim 4, wherein: A temperature sensor (63) is installed on the oxygen supply pipe (61), and a three-way proportional valve (35) is installed on the high nitrogen gas pipe (34). The inlet and one outlet of the three-way proportional valve (35) are connected to the high nitrogen gas pipe (34), and the other outlet is connected to the external space. It can operate under the control of the detection signal of the temperature sensor (63).

6. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus of claim 5 wherein: It also includes a semiconductor refrigeration device (8), which includes a semiconductor refrigeration chip (81) and a refrigeration battery (82). The semiconductor refrigeration chip (81) is disposed on the oxygen supply pipe (61), and the detection signal of the temperature sensor (63) can control the working state of the semiconductor refrigeration chip (81).

7. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: An oxygen sensor (64) is installed on the oxygen supply pipe (61), and a flow regulating valve (36) is installed at the high nitrogen outlet (33) of the molecular membrane filter (3). The flow regulating valve (36) can operate under the control of the detection signal of the oxygen sensor (64).

8. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: An electric pressure regulating valve (21) is provided on the outlet pipe of the pressure reducer (2), and the electric pressure regulating valve (21) can operate under the control of the detection signal of the oxygen sensor (64).

9. The positive-pressure long-duration aircraft breathing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: A negative pressure generator (22) is provided between the pressure reducer (2) and the oxygen-enriched outlet (32). The inlet of the negative pressure generator (22) is connected to the pressure reducer (2), the outlet is connected to the positive pressure container (4), and the negative pressure port is connected to the oxygen-enriched outlet (32).

10. The positive pressure long duration air breathing apparatus of claim 9, wherein: The negative pressure generator (22) is equipped with a generator solenoid valve (23) on its inlet pipe.

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