Armored vehicle low-voltage high-voltage power-on control circuit
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521542796.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-07-23
AI Technical Summary
[0014] This application proposes a low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles. The circuit utilizes common electronic components such as band switches, double-pole relays, MOSFETs, resistors, and diodes to achieve both low-voltage and high-voltage power-on functions while ensuring the low-voltage power supply remains uninterrupted during high-voltage power-on. Furthermore, this circuit eliminates the need for a dedicated imported cam rotary switch, significantly reducing costs and minimizing maintenance expenses. All electronic components in the circuit can be domestically produced, achieving complete domestic substitution. The circuit also features status indication, using LEDs to indicate the control loop's status. Additionally, the circuit provides spike, surge, reverse connection, and overvoltage protection for downstream electrical equipment. It boasts a small circuit size, wide temperature range, high reliability and safety achieved through pure hardware circuitry, and can be flexibly adapted to other products.
Smart Images
Figure CN224759981U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of power control technology, specifically to a low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of electronic technology and the constant iteration of supporting electrical equipment in armored vehicles, armored vehicles are increasingly using dual power supply systems of low voltage and high voltage. During use, the low voltage must be powered on first, followed by the high voltage, and the low voltage power supply cannot be disconnected during the high voltage power-on process. Currently, the low voltage and high voltage power-on logic control of armored vehicles is achieved using imported cam rotary switches, which are costly and do not meet the requirements of domestic production of military equipment. Domestic switches cannot achieve the function of keeping the low voltage power supply connected during the high voltage power-on process. Moreover, this type of switch is a commercial-grade switch with reliability issues such as temperature rating and vibration and shock resistance, and cannot meet the requirements of high-safety environment use for a long time. Therefore, it is urgent to research a power-on control circuit that can overcome the above defects and meet the requirements of domestic production. Utility Model Content
[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control technologies for armored vehicles, such as high cost and lack of domestic production, this application provides a low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles. This circuit uses common electronic components such as physical band switches, relays, field-effect transistors, diodes, and resistors to achieve safe and reliable low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control for armored vehicles.
[0004] This application is achieved through the following technical solution: A low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles, characterized in that it comprises: Power input, which provides power to the subsequent band switches, MOSFETs and relays; A band switch is used to switch between three levels: off, low voltage, and high voltage. The low voltage output of the band switch is connected to the source of a MOSFET, and the high voltage output of the band switch is connected to a set of coils of a relay. A MOSFET, wherein the source of the MOSFET is connected to the low-voltage output of the band switch, the gate of the MOSFET is connected to the power supply ground, and the drain of the MOSFET is connected to another coil of the relay. And, a relay, wherein one set of coils of the relay is connected at both ends to the drain of the MOSFET and the power supply ground, respectively, and the one set of coils of the relay corresponds to switch A, wherein the two ends of switch A are connected to the power input and the low-voltage switch output, respectively, and switch A conducts when its corresponding coil is energized; the other set of coils of the relay is connected at both ends to the high-voltage output of the band switch and the power supply ground, respectively, and the other set of coils of the relay corresponds to switch B, wherein the two ends of switch B are connected to the positive terminal of the power input and the high-voltage switch output, respectively, and switch B conducts when its corresponding coil is energized.
[0005] In some embodiments, the band switch is a double-pole three-position band switch; pins 1, 2, and 3 of the band switch, together with the common terminal A, form a single pole to control the switching of the negative power supply, the common terminal A is connected to the power ground of the subsequent circuit, pin 1 is left floating, and pins 2 and 3 are connected to the ground wire of the power input; pins 3, 4, and 5 of the band switch, together with the common terminal B, form a single pole to control the switching of the positive power supply, the common terminal B is connected to the positive power input, pin 4 is left floating, pin 5 is the low-voltage output, and pin 6 is the high-voltage output.
[0006] In some embodiments, the source of the MOS transistor is also connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode D1, the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of the resistor R1, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the positive terminal of the Zener diode D1, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the power supply ground.
[0007] In some embodiments, a freewheeling diode D3 is connected in parallel across one set of coils of the relay, and a freewheeling diode D4 is connected in parallel across the other set of coils of the relay.
[0008] In some embodiments, a resistor R3 is connected between one set of coils of the relay and the power supply ground, and a resistor R4 is connected between the other set of coils of the relay and the power supply ground.
[0009] In some embodiments, a reverse connection protection diode D2 is connected between switch A and the low-voltage switch output, and a reverse connection protection diode D5 is connected between switch B and the high-voltage switch output.
[0010] In some embodiments, the front-end of the low-voltage switch output is connected to the negative terminal of transient suppression diode D6, the positive terminal of transient suppression diode D6 is connected to power supply ground, and the front-end of the high-voltage switch output is connected to the negative terminal of transient suppression diode D7, the positive terminal of transient suppression diode D7 is connected to power supply ground.
[0011] In some implementations, it also includes: Low-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit, used to indicate the low-voltage power-on status; In addition, a high-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit is used to indicate the high-voltage power-on status.
[0012] In some embodiments, the low-voltage circuit status detection indicator circuit includes a resistor R7 and a light-emitting diode D9, wherein one end of the resistor R7 is connected to the output terminal of the switch A, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D9, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D9 is connected to the power supply ground.
[0013] In some embodiments, the high-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit includes a resistor R6 and a light-emitting diode D8, wherein one end of the resistor R6 is connected to the output terminal of the switch B, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D8, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D8 is connected to the power supply ground.
[0014] This application proposes a low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles. The circuit utilizes common electronic components such as band switches, double-pole relays, MOSFETs, resistors, and diodes to achieve both low-voltage and high-voltage power-on functions while ensuring the low-voltage power supply remains uninterrupted during high-voltage power-on. Furthermore, this circuit eliminates the need for a dedicated imported cam rotary switch, significantly reducing costs and minimizing maintenance expenses. All electronic components in the circuit can be domestically produced, achieving complete domestic substitution. The circuit also features status indication, using LEDs to indicate the control loop's status. Additionally, the circuit provides spike, surge, reverse connection, and overvoltage protection for downstream electrical equipment. It boasts a small circuit size, wide temperature range, high reliability and safety achieved through pure hardware circuitry, and can be flexibly adapted to other products. Attached Figure Description
[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of this application and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles proposed in this application embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0016] In the following, the terms “comprising” or “may include” as used in the various embodiments of this application indicate the presence of a function, operation, or element of the invention and do not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations, or elements. Furthermore, as used in the various embodiments of this application, the terms “comprising,” “having,” and their cognates are intended only to indicate a specific feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing and should not be construed as primarily excluding the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, or adding one or more combinations of the foregoing.
[0017] In various embodiments of this application, the expression "or" or "at least one of A and / or B" includes any combination or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.
[0018] The terms used in the various embodiments of this application (such as "first," "second," etc.) may modify various constituent elements in the various embodiments, but do not limit the corresponding constituent elements. For example, the above terms do not limit the order and / or importance of the elements. The above terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one element from other elements. For example, a first user device and a second user device refer to different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of this application, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.
[0019] It should be noted that if a description is made of "connecting" one component to another, then the first component can be directly connected to the second component, and a third component can be "connected" between the first and second components. Conversely, when a component is "directly connected" to another component, it can be understood that there is no third component between the first and second components.
[0020] The terminology used in the various embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the various embodiments of this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of this application pertain. The terms (such as those defined in a generally used dictionary) are to be interpreted as having the same meaning as in the context of the relevant technical field and are not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless clearly defined in the various embodiments of this application.
[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are only for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.
[0022] This application proposes a low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles. This power-on control circuit uses general-purpose electronic components, which can effectively solve the problem that the low-voltage power supply cannot be disconnected during the high-voltage power-on process. Moreover, these general-purpose electronic components can all be domestically produced electronic components, realizing domestic substitution. In addition, this power-on control circuit does not require the use of a dedicated imported cam rotary switch, thus reducing costs.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the power-on control circuit proposed in this application embodiment includes: The power input includes a positive power input J1 and a ground power input J2, which are used to provide power to the subsequent band switch S1 (KXM-5-30-3M3D), MOSFET Q1 (STD35P06), and relay K1 (HF115F / 024-2ZS4) to ensure the normal operation of the entire circuit.
[0024] The band switch S1 can switch between three levels: off, low voltage, and high voltage. It can be a double-pole three-level band switch. Pins 1, 2, and 3 of the band switch S1, together with the common terminal A, form a pole to control the switching of the negative power supply. The common terminal A is connected to the power ground GND of the subsequent circuit. Pin 1 is left floating. Pins 2 and 3 are connected to the power ground input J2. Pins 4, 5, and 6 of the band switch S1, together with the common terminal B, form a pole to control the switching of the positive power supply. The common terminal B is connected to the positive power input J1. Pin 4 is left floating. Pin 5 is the low voltage output, and pin 6 is the high voltage output.
[0025] MOSFET Q1, which can be a PMOS transistor, has its gate connected to ground (GND) via resistors R1 and R2. Its source is connected to pin 5 of band switch S1 and the cathode of Zener diode D1. Its drain is connected to pin 2 of relay K1 and the cathode of freewheeling diode D3. The anode of Zener diode D1 is connected to the common terminal of resistors R1 and R2. Zener diode D1, resistors R1 and R2 form the peripheral circuitry for MOSFET Q1, primarily ensuring its proper turn-on and turn-off operation.
[0026] Relay K1 can be a double-pole relay. In relay K1, pins 1 and 2 form one relay coil, which, together with pins 3, 4, and 5 (forming a switch), forms another group (i.e., energizing the coil controls the conduction of pins 4 and 5). Pins 6 and 7 form another relay coil, which, together with pins 8, 9, and 10 (forming a switch), forms the third group (i.e., energizing the coil controls the conduction of pins 9 and 10). The cathode of freewheeling diode D3 is connected to pin 2 of relay K1 and the drain of MOSFET Q1. The anode of freewheeling diode D3 is connected to pin 1 of relay K1. The cathode of freewheeling diode D4 is connected to pin 6 of relay K1 and pin 6 of band switch S1. The anode of freewheeling diode D4 is connected to pin 7 of relay K1. Pin 1 of relay K1 is connected to power ground GND through resistor R2; pin 7 of relay K1 is connected to power ground GND through resistor R4; pin 5 of relay K1 is connected to the positive power input J1; pin 4 of relay K1 is connected to pin 5 of band switch S1 and then to the low-voltage switch output J3; pin 10 of relay K1 is connected to the positive power input J1; and pin 9 of relay K1 is connected to the high-voltage switch output J4. This embodiment of the application provides a freewheeling diode to provide a freewheeling circuit for the coil when the relay is off. Resistors R3 and R4 are used to reduce current surges during energization and prevent contact sticking.
[0027] Optionally, a reverse connection protection diode D2 is provided between pin 4 of relay K1 and the low-voltage switch output J3, wherein the positive terminal of the reverse connection protection diode D2 is connected to pin 4 of relay K1, and the negative terminal of the reverse connection protection diode D2 is connected to the low-voltage switch output J3. Optionally, a reverse connection protection diode D5 is provided between pin 9 of relay K1 and the high-voltage switch output J4, wherein the positive terminal of the reverse connection protection diode D5 is connected to pin 9 of relay K1, and the negative terminal of the reverse connection protection diode D5 is connected to the high-voltage switch output J4 of relay K1. This embodiment of the application prevents circuit burnout by providing reverse connection protection diodes.
[0028] Optionally, pin 4 of relay K1 is also connected to power ground GND via resistor R7 and LED D9 in sequence. Resistor R7 and LED D9 form a low-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit. Pin 9 of relay K1 is also connected to power ground GND via resistor R6 and LED D8 in sequence. Resistor R6 and LED D8 form a high-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit.
[0029] Optionally, the pre-amplifier of the low-voltage switch output J3 is also connected to power ground GND via a transient suppression diode D6, wherein the cathode of the transient suppression diode D6 is connected to the cathode of the low-voltage switch output J3 and the reverse connection protection diode D2, and the anode of the transient suppression diode D6 is connected to power ground GND; the pre-amplifier of the high-voltage switch output J4 is also connected to power ground GND via a transient suppression diode D7, wherein the anode of the transient suppression diode D7 is connected to power ground GND, and the cathode of the transient suppression diode D7 is connected to the cathode of the high-voltage switch output J4 and the reverse connection protection diode D5. This embodiment of the application uses transient suppression diodes to absorb peak surge voltages from the power input, preventing them from burning out downstream equipment.
[0030] The operation process of the power-on control circuit proposed in this application embodiment is as follows: When band switch S1 is in the closed state, and neither the low-voltage nor the high-voltage of the vehicle is powered on, the common terminal A and common terminal B of band switch S1 are connected to its pin 1 and pin 4 respectively. The entire subsequent stage of the circuit is not powered on, and there is no output from the low-voltage switch output J3 and the high-voltage switch output J4. The LEDs D9 and D8 indicator lights are off. When band switch S1 switches from the off state to the low-voltage switch position, the vehicle's low voltage is powered on, while the high voltage is not. Common terminals A and B of band switch S1 are connected to pins 2 and 5, respectively. At this time, there is a voltage output at pin 5 of band switch S1, i.e., VCC_LP has a voltage output. MOSFET Q1 is normally turned on, causing the coils at pins 1 and 2 of relay K1 to be energized and work normally. This, in turn, connects pins 4 and 5 of relay K1, illuminating LED D9, and low-voltage switch output J3 has a voltage output. When band switch S1 switches from the low-voltage switch position to the high-voltage switch position, because pin 4 of relay K1 is directly connected to pin 3 (i.e., the source) of MOSFET Q1 (i.e., connected through VCC_LP), MOSFET Q1 and the coils of pins 1 and 2 of relay K1 directly form a self-locking circuit, which is not controlled by the low-voltage switch. Unless the band switch is in the closed state to shut down the entire circuit and de-energize it, the vehicle is powered on at both low and high voltage. The common terminals A and B of band switch S1 are connected to pins 3 and 6 respectively, and there is a voltage output at pin 6 of band switch S1, i.e., there is a voltage output at VCC_LH. This allows the coils of pins 6 and 7 of relay K1 to be energized and work normally, which in turn connects pins 9 and 10 of relay K1, and LED D8 lights up. The high-voltage switch output J4 has a voltage output.
[0031] When the band switch S1 is switched from the high-voltage switch position to the low-voltage switch position, the vehicle is powered on at low voltage and not at high voltage. At this time, because there is no voltage output at pin 6 of the waveguide switch S1, that is, no voltage output at VCC_LH, the coils of pins 6 and 7 of the relay K1 are not working, pins 9 and 10 of the relay K1 are not connected, the LED D8 is off, and the high-voltage switch output J4 has no voltage output.
[0032] The power-on control circuit proposed in this application, constructed using general-purpose electronic components such as band switches, double-pole relays, MOSFETs, resistors, and diodes, not only provides both low-voltage and high-voltage power-on functions but also ensures uninterrupted low-voltage power supply during high-voltage power-on. Furthermore, this power-on control circuit eliminates the need for a dedicated imported cam rotary switch, significantly reducing costs (from 800-1000 RMB to less than 150 RMB), facilitating large-scale engineering applications, and minimizing subsequent maintenance costs. All electronic components in the power-on control circuit proposed in this application can be domestically produced, meeting a wide operating temperature range of -43℃ to 70℃. Additionally, the power-on control circuit proposed in this application includes a status indication function, using LEDs to indicate the status of the control loop. The power-on control circuit proposed in this application also provides spike, surge, reverse connection, and overvoltage protection functions for downstream electrical equipment. The power-on control circuit proposed in this application is small in size, has a wide temperature range, and achieves high reliability and high safety through pure hardware circuitry (all components of the circuit are implemented as separate components, which are themselves highly reliable and will not fail due to software crashes without software control; all components are selected for use in environments ranging from -40 to 85°C), and can be flexibly ported to other products.
[0033] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles, characterized in that, include: Power input, which provides power to the subsequent band switches, MOSFETs and relays; A band switch is used to switch between three levels: off, low voltage, and high voltage. The low voltage output of the band switch is connected to the source of a MOSFET, and the high voltage output of the band switch is connected to a set of coils of a relay. A MOSFET, wherein the source of the MOSFET is connected to the low-voltage output of the band switch, the gate of the MOSFET is connected to the power supply ground, and the drain of the MOSFET is connected to another coil of the relay. And, a relay, wherein one set of coils of the relay is connected at both ends to the drain of the MOSFET and the power supply ground, respectively, and the one set of coils of the relay corresponds to switch A, wherein the two ends of switch A are connected to the power input and the low-voltage switch output, respectively, and switch A conducts when its corresponding coil is energized; the other set of coils of the relay is connected at both ends to the high-voltage output of the band switch and the power supply ground, respectively, and the other set of coils of the relay corresponds to switch B, wherein the two ends of switch B are connected to the positive terminal of the power input and the high-voltage switch output, respectively, and switch B conducts when its corresponding coil is energized.
2. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The band switch is a double-pole three-position band switch. Pins 1, 2, and 3 of the band switch, together with the common terminal A, form a single pole to control the switching of the negative power supply. The common terminal A is connected to the power ground of the subsequent circuit. Pin 1 is left floating, and pins 2 and 3 are connected to the ground wire of the power input. Pins 3, 4, and 5 of the band switch, together with the common terminal B, form a single pole to control the switching of the positive power supply. The common terminal B is connected to the positive power input. Pin 4 is left floating, pin 5 is the low-voltage output, and pin 6 is the high-voltage output.
3. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The source of the MOS transistor is also connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode D1. The gate of the MOS transistor is connected to one end of the resistor R1. The other end of the resistor R1 is connected to one end of the resistor R2 and the positive terminal of the Zener diode D1. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the power supply ground.
4. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, A freewheeling diode D3 is connected in parallel across one set of coils of the relay, and a freewheeling diode D4 is connected in parallel across the other set of coils of the relay.
5. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, A resistor R3 is connected between one set of coils of the relay and the power ground, and a resistor R4 is connected between the other set of coils of the relay and the power ground.
6. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, A reverse connection protection diode D2 is connected between switch A and the low-voltage switch output, and a reverse connection protection diode D5 is connected between switch B and the high-voltage switch output.
7. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front-end of the low-voltage switch output is connected to the negative terminal of transient suppression diode D6, and the positive terminal of transient suppression diode D6 is connected to the power supply ground. The front-end of the high-voltage switch output is connected to the negative terminal of transient suppression diode D7, and the positive terminal of transient suppression diode D7 is connected to the power supply ground.
8. A low-voltage high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Also includes: Low-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit, used to indicate the low-voltage power-on status; In addition, a high-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit is used to indicate the high-voltage power-on status.
9. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that, The low-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit includes a resistor R7 and a light-emitting diode D9. One end of the resistor R7 is connected to the output terminal of the switch A, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D9, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D9 is connected to the power supply ground.
10. The low-voltage and high-voltage power-on control circuit for armored vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that, The high-voltage circuit status detection and indication circuit includes a resistor R6 and a light-emitting diode D8. One end of the resistor R6 is connected to the output terminal of the switch B, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode D8, and the negative terminal of the light-emitting diode D8 is connected to the power supply ground.