COMPONENT FOR A HUMAN-POWERED VEHICLE

Abstract

A component 40 is for a human-powered vehicle 10. The component 40 comprises a shaft element 42 extending in an axial direction X and a torque detector 44 configured to detect a torque applied to the shaft element 42. The shaft element 42 includes a cutting surface 42X extending in a direction intersecting the axial direction X. The torque detector 44 includes a strain gauge 66 provided on the cutting surface 42X.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a component for a human-powered vehicle.

[0002] An example of a component of a human-powered vehicle including a torque detector configured to detect the torque acting on a shaft member is disclosed in JP 2020 034 399 A. The torque detector includes a strain gauge provided on an outer circumferential portion of the shaft member and extending in a circumferential direction.

[0003] In the component for a human-powered vehicle disclosed in JP 2020 034 399 A, the strain gauge is mounted on the peripheral portion of the shaft member along the circumferential direction of the shaft member. This reduces the manufacturing efficiency of the component.

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide a component for a human-powered vehicle that enables easier manufacturing.

[0005] A component according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided for a human-powered vehicle. The component includes a shaft member extending in an axial direction and a torque detector configured to detect a torque applied to the shaft member. The shaft member includes a cutting surface extending in a direction intersecting the axial direction. The torque detector includes a strain gauge provided on the cutting surface.

[0006] In the component according to the first aspect, the strain gauge is provided on the cutting surface extending in the direction intersecting the axial direction. This facilitates the manufacturing of the component.

[0007] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the component according to the first aspect is configured such that the shaft member includes a shaft body and a projection projecting outward in a radial direction from the shaft body. The projection includes the cutting surface. In the component according to the second aspect, the projection projecting outward in the radial direction from the shaft body includes the cutting surface. Thus, the strain gauge can be easily provided on the cutting surface.

[0008] According to a third aspect of the present invention, the component according to the first or second aspect is configured such that the strain gauge includes arcuate or circular patterns formed by conductive lines. Each of the patterns extends 60 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in a circumferential direction of the shaft member. In the component according to the third aspect, each of the patterns extends 60 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft member. Thus, the torque detector detects the torque applied to the shaft member in a preferable manner.

[0009] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the third aspect is configured such that the conductive lines are formed by printing. In the component according to the fourth aspect, the conductive lines are formed by printing. Thus, the patterns are formed in a preferred manner.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the third or fourth aspect is configured such that the conductive lines include first portions and second portions. The first portions extend in the circumferential direction of the shaft member. Each of the second portions connects two adjacent ones of the first portions. The second portions are each inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a radial direction of the shaft member. The predetermined angle is greater than 30 degrees and less than 60 degrees. In the component according to the fifth aspect, the second portions are each inclined at an angle that is greater than 30 degrees and less than 60 degrees with respect to the radial direction of the shaft member. This increases the length of the conductive lines. Thus, the torque detector detects the torque applied to the shaft member in a preferential manner.

[0011] According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to fourth aspects is configured such that the strain gauge further includes a flexible substrate that is electrically insulating. In the component according to the sixth aspect, the strain gauge includes the flexible substrate. Thus, the strain gauge is preferably attached to the cutting surface.

[0012] According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the component according to the sixth aspect is configured such that the flexible substrate is arcuate or circular and extends 90 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in a circumferential direction of the shaft member. In the component according to the seventh aspect, the flexible substrate extends 90 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft member. Thus, the strain gauge is stably attached to the cutting surface.

[0013] According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to seventh aspects further comprises an output portion and a transmission member that transmits torque from the shaft member to the output portion. The cutting surface is provided on a part of the shaft member connected to the transmission member. In the component according to the eighth aspect, the torque detector detects a load on the part of the shaft member connected to the transmission member.

[0014] According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the eighth aspect further comprises a one-way clutch that transmits torque from the shaft member to the output portion. The transmission member forms a part of the one-way clutch. The one-way clutch is configured to transmit torque from the shaft member to the output portion when the shaft member rotates in a first direction. The one-way clutch is configured to allow relative rotation of the output portion and the shaft member when the output portion rotates in the first direction. The one-way clutch includes an outer race that rotates integrally with the output portion, an inner race provided on the shaft member, and a switching element located between the outer race and the inner race.The cutting surface is provided on the shaft member in an area corresponding to the inner race. In the component according to the ninth aspect, the torque detector detects the load of the part of the shaft member connected to the inner race.

[0015] According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to ninth aspects is configured such that the shaft member is connected to a crank axle of the human-powered vehicle. With the component according to the tenth aspect, the torque detector detects torque applied to the shaft member connected to the crank axle.

[0016] According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, the component according to the tenth aspect is configured such that the shaft member includes a crank-axis connecting portion connected to the crank axis. The cutting surface is provided at a position separated from the crank-axis connecting portion in the axial direction of the shaft member. In the component according to the eleventh aspect, the torque detector detects torque applied at the position of the shaft member separated from the crank-axis connecting portion.

[0017] According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects further comprises an electronic component. The torque detector further includes an electrical connection portion that electrically connects the strain gauge and the electronic component. The electrical connection portion is arranged outside the strain gauge (66) in a radial direction of the shaft member (42). In the component according to the twelfth aspect, the electrical connection portion is arranged outside the strain gauge in the radial direction of the shaft member. Thus, the electrical connection portion is easily connected to the electronic component.

[0018] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the twelfth aspect is configured such that the electronic component includes a first circuit board extending in a direction intersecting the shaft member. The first circuit board extends in the radial direction so as to face the intersecting surface. In the component according to the thirteenth aspect, the first circuit board extends in the radial direction so as to face the intersecting surface. Thus, the electrical connection portion is further easily connected to the electronic component.

[0019] According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the thirteenth aspect further comprises a second circuit board electrically connectable to the first circuit board. The second circuit board includes a line transmission section. The first circuit board includes a power receiving section configured to receive electric power from the power transmission section. The torque detector is configured to be driven by the electric power received by the power receiving section. In the component according to the fourteenth aspect, the torque detector is driven by the electric power received by the power receiving section. Thus, the torque detector is driven in a preferable manner.

[0020] According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the thirteenth aspect further comprises a second circuit board that can be electrically connected to the first circuit board. The first circuit board includes a first communication unit. The second circuit board includes a second communication unit that is configured to communicate with the first communication unit. The first communication unit is configured to transmit a detection result of the strain gauge to the second communication unit. With the component according to the fifteenth aspect, the detection result of the strain gauge can be transmitted to the second circuit board through the first communication unit and the second communication unit in a preferred manner.

[0021] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects is configured such that the strain gauge includes a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor are connected by bridges. In the component according to the sixteenth aspect, the torque detector detects the torque applied to the shaft member using the first to fourth resistors connected by bridges.

[0022] According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the sixteenth aspect is configured such that the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor form at least part of a Wheatstone bridge circuit. The torque detector further includes a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and a fourth terminal, which form four terminals of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. The first terminal, the second terminal, the third terminal, and the fourth terminal are arranged outside the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor in a radial direction of the shaft member. In the component according to the seventeenth aspect, the first to fourth terminals are arranged outside the first to fourth resistors in the radial direction of the shaft member.This allows the strain gauge's connections and external devices to be wired together.

[0023] According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to the sixteenth aspect is configured such that the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor form at least part of a Wheatstone bridge circuit. The torque detector further includes a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and a fourth terminal, which form four terminals of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. The first terminal, the second terminal, the third terminal, and the fourth terminal are arranged inside the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, and the fourth resistor in a radial direction of the shaft member. In the component according to the eighteenth aspect, the first to fourth terminals are arranged inside the first to fourth resistors in the radial direction of the shaft member.This allows the strain gauge's connections and external devices to be wired together.

[0024] According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to eighteenth aspects is configured such that the strain gauge is attached to the cutting surface by means of an adhesive. In the component according to the nineteenth aspect, the strain gauge is preferably attached to the cutting surface by means of an adhesive.

[0025] According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, the component according to any one of the first to nineteenth aspects further comprises a motor configured to apply a propulsive force to the human-powered vehicle. The component according to the twentieth aspect facilitates the manufacture of the component including the motor that applies a propulsive force to the human-powered vehicle.

[0026] The human-powered vehicle component according to the present invention facilitates the manufacture of the component.

[0027] A more complete understanding of the invention and many of the attendant advantages will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, in which Fig. 1 is a side view of a human-powered vehicle incorporating a human-powered vehicle component according to an embodiment; Fig. 2 is a side view of the human-powered vehicle component shown in Fig. 1 is shown; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D3-D3 in Fig. 2 runs; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of Fig. 3 enlarged; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a Fig. 2 shown crank axis and its circumference; Fig. 6 is a front view of a Fig. 5 shown strain gauge; Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the electrical configuration of the human-powered vehicle including the human-powered vehicle component according to the embodiment; Fig. 8 is a front view of a strain gauge in a first modified example; Fig. 9 is a front view of a strain gauge in a second modified example; Fig. 10 is a front view of a strain gauge in a third modified example; Fig. 11 is a front view of a strain gauge in a fourth modified example; and Fig. 12 is a front view of a strain gauge in a fifth modified example.

[0028] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements in the various drawings.

[0029] A human-powered vehicle is a vehicle that includes at least one wheel and can be propelled by human power. Examples of a human-powered vehicle include various types of bicycles, such as mountain bikes, racing bikes, city bikes, cargo bikes, handbikes, and recumbent bicycles. The number of wheels of a human-powered vehicle is not limited. A human-powered vehicle also includes, for example, a unicycle or a vehicle with two or more wheels. A human-powered vehicle is not limited to a vehicle that can be propelled solely by human power. A human-powered vehicle includes an electric bicycle (e-bike), which uses the power of an electric motor for propulsion in addition to human power. An e-bike is an electrically assisted bicycle that uses an electric motor to assist propulsion.In the embodiment described below, the human-powered vehicle is referred to as a bicycle.

[0030] As in Fig. 1, a human-powered vehicle 10 includes, for example, a crank 12, at least one wheel 14, and a vehicle body 16. The at least one wheel 14 includes, for example, a front wheel 14F and a rear wheel 14R. The vehicle body 16 includes a frame 18. For example, a seat 18A is attached to the frame 18.

[0031] The crank 12 includes, for example, a crank arm 12B. The crank arm 12B is coupled, for example, to a crank axle 48. The crank axle 48 is rotatable, for example, relative to the frame 18. The crank arm 12B is connected, for example, to a pedal 20. The crank arm 12B includes, for example, a right crank arm 12B of the human-powered vehicle 10 and a left crank arm 12B of the human-powered vehicle 10.

[0032] The crank arms 12B are each provided at two axial ends of the crank axle 48. Each crank arm 12B is connected, for example, to the pedal 20.

[0033] A front fork 22 is connected to the frame 18. The front wheel 14F is attached to the front fork 22. A handlebar 24 is coupled to the front fork 22 via a stem 26. The rear wheel 14R is supported by the frame 18. In the present embodiment, the crank 12 is connected to the rear wheel 14R via a drive mechanism 28. Thus, rotation of the crank axle 48 drives the rear wheel 14R. At least one of the front wheel 14F or the rear wheel 14R can be connected to the crank 12 via the drive mechanism 28.

[0034] The drive mechanism 28 includes at least one first rotating body 30 coupled to the crank axle 48. The at least one first rotating body 30 includes, for example, a front sprocket. The at least one first rotating body 30 may include a pulley or a bevel gear. The crank axle 48 may be coupled to the front sprocket via a one-way clutch.

[0035] The drive mechanism 28 further includes at least one second rotating body 32 and a connecting element 34. The connecting element 34 is configured to transmit the rotational force of the at least one first rotating body 30 to the at least one second rotating body 32. The connecting element 34 includes, for example, a chain. The connecting element 34 may include a belt or a shaft. The at least one second rotating body 32 includes, for example, a rear sprocket. The at least one second rotating body 32 may include a pulley or a bevel gear. The chain is wound, for example, around the front sprocket and the rear sprocket. The at least one second rotating body 32 is coupled, for example, to the rear wheel 14R. The rear wheel 14R is configured, for example, to rotate when the at least one second rotating body 32 rotates.

[0036] The human-powered vehicle 10 further includes, for example, a battery 38. The battery 38 includes, for example, one or more battery cells. Each battery cell includes, for example, a rechargeable battery. The battery 38 is provided, for example, on the frame 18. The battery 38 supplies, for example, electrical power to the human-powered vehicle component 40. The battery 38 may be provided on the component 40.

[0037] The Fig. The human-powered vehicle component 40 illustrated in Figures 2 to 5 includes a shaft member 42 and a torque detector 44. The shaft member 42 extends in an axial direction X. The torque detector 44 is configured to detect torque applied to the shaft member 42. The component 40 further includes, for example, a housing 46. The housing 46 defines a receiving space 46S. The component 40 of the present embodiment further includes the crank axle 48. The crank axle 48 is supported by the housing 46.

[0038] Component 40 further includes, for example, a motor 50 configured to exert a driving force on human-powered vehicle 10. Motor 50 is supported, for example, by housing 46. Motor 50 is, for example, at least partially disposed within receiving space 46S. Motor 50 includes, for example, an internal rotor motor. Motor 50 includes a stator 50A and a rotor 50B.

[0039] The component 40 further includes, for example, an output section 52 and a transmission element 54 that transmits torque from the shaft element 42 to the output section 52. The output section 52 receives, for example, torque from the motor 50 and human drive power. The shaft element 42 is connected, for example, to the output section 52 via the transmission element 54. The output section 52 is, for example, a hollow shaft. The crank axis 48 is arranged, for example, on the inside of the output section 52. The crank axis 48 has, for example, a rotational center axis CX. The rotational center axis CX substantially coincides, for example, with the rotational center axis of the shaft element 42 and the rotational center axis of the output section 52.

[0040] The crank axle 48 is rotatably supported, for example, in a first crank bearing 40A and a second crank bearing 40B. The first crank bearing 40A is provided, for example, between the housing 46 and the crank axle 48. The first crank bearing 40A supports, for example, one end of the crank axle 48 in such a way that it is rotatable relative to the housing 46. The first crank bearing 40A is, for example, a ball bearing or a roller bearing. The first crank bearing 40A may be a plain bearing. The second crank bearing 40B is provided, for example, between the output section 52 and the crank axle 48. The second crank bearing 40B supports the other end of the crank axle 48 in such a way that it is rotatable relative to the output section 52. The second crank bearing 40B is, for example, a plain bearing. The second crank bearing 40B may be a ball bearing or a roller bearing.

[0041] The output section 52 is rotatably supported, for example, in an output section bearing 40C. The output section bearing 40C is provided, for example, between the housing 46 and the output section 52. The output section bearing 40C, for example, supports the output section 52 in such a way that it is rotatable relative to the housing 46. The output section bearing 40C is, for example, a ball bearing or a roller bearing. The output section bearing 40C can be a plain bearing.

[0042] The component 40 further includes, for example, a speed reducer 56. The speed reducer 56 is connected, for example, to the motor 50 and the output section 52. The torque of the motor 50 is transmitted to the output section 52 via the speed reducer 56. The speed reducer 56 is configured, for example, to reduce the speed of the motor 50 in three stages and transmit the torque to the output section 52. The speed reducer 56 can be configured to reduce the speed of the motor 50 in one, two, four, or more stages and transmit the torque to the output section 52. The speed reducer 56 includes, for example, a plurality of gears. The speed reducer 56 can include a planetary gear mechanism, pulleys, or sprockets.

[0043] A motor one-way clutch 58 may be provided in a transmission path of the torque of the motor 50, extending from the motor 50 to the output portion 52. The motor one-way clutch 58 is provided, for example, on the speed reducer 56. The motor one-way clutch 58 transmits the torque from the motor 50 to the output portion 52, for example, in a case where the motor 50 rotates in a direction corresponding to a direction in which the human-powered vehicle 10 moves forward. The motor one-way clutch 58 is configured to allow relative rotation of the output portion 52 and the motor 50, for example, in a case where the output portion 52 rotates in a direction corresponding to a direction in which the human-powered vehicle 10 moves forward.In a case where the motor 50 is configured to generate regenerative electric power, the motor overrunning clutch 58 is omitted.

[0044] The shaft member 42 is connected, for example, to the crank axle 48 of the human-powered vehicle 10. The shaft member 42 is, for example, a hollow shaft. The crank axle 48 is arranged, for example, on the inner side of the shaft member 42. The shaft member 42 is configured to deform, for example, in a case where a torque is applied to the shaft member 42. The shaft member 42 is formed, for example, from a magnetostrictive material. The shaft member 42 includes a first end 42A in the axial direction X and a second end 42B opposite the first end 42A in the axial direction X. The shaft member 42 includes, for example, a crank axle connecting portion 42C connected to the crank axle 48. The crank axle connecting portion 42C is provided, for example, at the first end 42A.The crank axle connecting portion 42C engages an outer circumferential portion of the crank axle 48, for example, using keyways or splines. The transmission element 54 is provided, for example, at the second end 42B.

[0045] The component 40 further includes, for example, a support member 40D. The support member 40D is arranged on the shaft member 42 at a part that differs from the crank-shaft connecting portion 42C in the X direction. The support member 40D is, for example, cylindrical. The support member 40D is arranged between the outer peripheral portion of the crank shaft 48 and an inner peripheral portion of the shaft member 42.

[0046] The component 40 further includes, for example, a one-way clutch 60 that transmits torque from the shaft member 42 to the output portion 52. The transmission member 54, for example, forms part of the one-way clutch 60. The one-way clutch 60 is configured, for example, to transmit torque from the shaft member 42 to the output portion 52 when the shaft member 42 rotates in a first direction and to allow relative rotation of the output portion 52 and the shaft member 42 when the output portion 52 rotates in the first direction. The first direction corresponds to both the direction of rotation of the shaft member 42 when the human-powered vehicle 10 is moving forward and the direction of rotation of the output portion 52 when the human-powered vehicle 10 is moving forward.

[0047] The one-way clutch 60 includes, for example, an outer race 60A, an inner race 60B, and a shift element 60C. The outer race 60A rotates integrally with the output portion 52. The inner race 60B is provided on the shaft member 42. The shift element 60C is located between the outer race 60A and the inner race 60B. The shift element 60C can be a rolling element or a pawl element. The outer race 60A is provided, for example, on an inner circumferential portion of the output portion 52. The outer race 60A is formed, for example, integrally with the output portion 52. The outer race 60A can be formed separately from the output portion 52. The inner race 60B is provided, for example, on an outer circumferential portion of the shaft member 42. For example, the inner race 60B is formed integrally with the shaft member 42.The inner race 60B may be formed separately from the shaft member 42. One of the outer race 60A and the inner race 60B includes, for example, a seat on which the switching element 60C is disposed. The other of the outer race 60A and the inner race 60B includes, for example, a groove that engages the switching element 60C.

[0048] The shaft member 42 includes a cutting surface 42X extending in a direction intersecting the axial direction X. The torque detector 44 includes a strain gauge 66 provided on the cutting surface 42X. The strain gauge 66 is, for example, sheet-shaped. In the present embodiment, the cutting surface 42X is described as a surface of the shaft member 42 extending in a direction intersecting the axial direction X of the shaft member 42, on which the strain gauge 66 is provided. The cutting surface 42X is, for example, orthogonal to the axial direction X. The cutting surface 42X includes, for example, a flat surface. The shaft member 42 includes, for example, a shaft body 62 and a projection 64 protruding outward in a radial direction from the shaft body 62. The projection 64 includes, for example, the cutting surface 42X.For example, the projection 64 is located closer to the second end 42B than to the first end 42A in the axial direction X. The cutting surface 42X is, for example, circular when viewed in the axial direction X.

[0049] The cutting surface 42X is provided, for example, at a position separate from the crank-shaft connecting portion 42C in the axial direction X of the shaft member 42. The cutting surface 42X is oriented, for example, toward the crank-shaft connecting portion 42C with respect to the protrusion 64. The cutting surface 42X is provided, for example, at a part of the shaft member 42 that is connected to the transmission member 54. The cutting surface 42X is provided, for example, at a part of the shaft member 42 that corresponds to the inner race 60B.

[0050] The one in the Fig. 5 and Fig. The strain gauge 66 shown in Figure 6 is attached to the cutting surface 42X, for example, by means of an adhesive. The strain gauge 66 further includes, for example, a flexible substrate 68 that is electrically insulating. The flexible substrate 68 is formed of, for example, resin. The flexible substrate 68 includes, for example, a polyimide film. The flexible substrate 68 is attached to the cutting surface 42X, for example, by means of an adhesive, so that the strain gauge 66 is attached to the cutting surface 42X. The adhesive located between the strain gauge 66 and the cutting surface 42X can be arranged on an entire surface of the flexible substrate 68 facing the cutting surface 42X. Alternatively, the adhesive can be arranged only on one edge of the surface of the flexible substrate 68 facing the cutting surface 42X.Instead of at least a portion of the flexible substrate 68, the strain gauge 66 may include a non-flexible substrate.

[0051] The flexible substrate 68 is, for example, arc-shaped or circular. The flexible substrate 68 extends, for example, 90 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in a circumferential direction of the shaft member 42. The flexible substrate 68 of the present embodiment extends 360 degrees in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42. The flexible substrate 68 includes, for example, a first layout portion 68A and a second layout portion 68B. The first layout portion 68A is arc-shaped or circular. The second layout portion 68B protrudes outward in a radial direction from the first layout portion 68A.

[0052] The strain gauge 66 includes, for example, patterns 70. The patterns 70 are formed by conductive lines 72. The patterns 70 of the present embodiment include a first pattern 70A, a second pattern 70B, a third pattern 70C, and a fourth pattern 70D. The patterns 70 are provided, for example, on the first layout portion 68A of the flexible substrate 68.

[0053] The conductive lines 72 are formed, for example, by printing. The conductive lines 72 are formed, for example, by a conductive film. The conductive lines 72 are formed, for example, on the flexible substrate 68 by screen printing, inkjet printing, or the like. The conductive lines 72 can be formed, for example, by vapor-depositing a metal foil onto an electrically insulating member. The material of the metal foil includes, for example, nickel, chromium, aluminum, gold, copper, or the like. The conductive lines 72 can be formed from a semiconductor material, for example, silicon. The conductive lines 72 can be formed by etching a conductive film. Alternatively, the conductive lines 72 can be formed by attaching a linear element to the flexible substrate 68. The strain gauge 66 can further include a cover layer that covers the patterns 70.The cover layer is made of resin. For example, a polyimide layer is used as a cover layer.

[0054] The conductive lines 72 include, for example, first portions 72A and second portions 72B. The first portions 72A extend in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42. Each of the second portions 72B connects two adjacent ones of the first portions 72A. The second portions 72B are each arranged inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a radial direction of the shaft member 42, for example. The predetermined angle is, for example, greater than 30 degrees and less than 60 degrees. Each of the first portions 72A is, for example, shorter than the second portion 72B. The length of the first portion 72A may be greater than or equal to the length of the second portion 72B. Each of the patterns 70 is formed as a pattern in which the first portion 72A and the second portion 72B are repeated. The second portions 72B included in a pattern 70 may be arranged at different predetermined angles.

[0055] The patterns 70 are, for example, arcuate or circular. The patterns 70 each extend 60 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42. The patterns 70 each extend 90 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42.

[0056] Each of the first pattern 70A, the second pattern 70B, the third pattern 70C, and the fourth pattern 70D extends, for example, 90 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42. In the present embodiment, each of the first pattern 70A, the second pattern 70B, the third pattern 70C, and the fourth pattern 70D extends, for example, 135 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42.

[0057] One of the patterns 70 is located further outward in the radial direction of the shaft element 42 than another of the patterns 70. Two of the first patterns 70A, the second patterns 70B, the third patterns 70C and the fourth patterns 70D are located further outward in the radial direction of the shaft element 42 than the other two of the first patterns 70A, the second patterns 70B, the third patterns 70C and the fourth patterns 70D.

[0058] In the present embodiment, the first pattern 70A and the second pattern 70B are arranged offset outward in the radial direction of the shaft member 42 from the third pattern 70C and the fourth pattern 70D. In the present embodiment, the first pattern 70A and the second pattern 70B are continuously arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42. In the present embodiment, the third pattern 70C and the fourth pattern 70D are continuously arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42, for example. In the present embodiment, the length of the first pattern 70A in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42 is substantially equal to the length of the second pattern 70B in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42.In the present embodiment, the length of the third pattern 70C in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42 is substantially the same as the length of the fourth pattern 70D in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42.

[0059] The strain gauge 66 includes, for example, a first resistor 74A, a second resistor 74B, a third resistor 74C, and a fourth resistor 74D. The first resistor 74A, the second resistor 74B, the third resistor 74C, and the fourth resistor 74D are connected, for example, by a bridge circuit. The first pattern 70A of the present embodiment corresponds to the first resistor 74A. The second pattern 70B of the present embodiment corresponds to the second resistor 74B. The third pattern 70C of the present embodiment corresponds to the third resistor 74C. The fourth pattern 70D of the present embodiment corresponds to the fourth resistor 74D.

[0060] The first resistor 74A, the second resistor 74B, the third resistor 74C and the fourth resistor 74D, which are in the Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, for example, form at least part of a Wheatstone bridge circuit 76. The torque detector 44 further includes, for example, a first terminal 78A, a second terminal 78B, a third terminal 78C, and a fourth terminal 78D, which form four terminals of the Wheatstone bridge circuit 76. The first terminal 78A, the second terminal 78B, the third terminal 78C, and the fourth terminal 78D are located, for example, in the radial direction of the shaft member 42 outside the first resistor 74A, the second resistor 74B, the third resistor 74C, and the fourth resistor 74D. The first terminal 78A, the second terminal 78B, the third terminal 78C, and the fourth terminal 78D are provided, for example, on the second layout portion 68B of the flexible substrate 68.

[0061] Each of the first terminal 78A and the third terminal 78C includes, for example, an input terminal. Each of the second terminal 78B and the fourth terminal 78D includes, for example, an output terminal. The first terminal 78A, the second terminal 78B, the third terminal 78C, and the fourth terminal 78D are formed, for example, on the flexible substrate 68 using the same method as the conductive lines 72 of the patterns 70.

[0062] One end of the first pattern 70A is electrically connected by wiring to the first terminal 78A. The other end of the first pattern 70A is electrically connected by wiring to the fourth terminal 78D. One end of the second pattern 70B is electrically connected by wiring to the first terminal 78A. The other end of the second pattern 70B is electrically connected by wiring to the second terminal 78B. One end of the third pattern 70C is electrically connected by wiring to the second terminal 78B. The other end of the third pattern 70C is electrically connected by wiring to the third terminal 78C. One end of the fourth pattern 70D is electrically connected by wiring to the third terminal 78C. The other end of the fourth pattern 70D is electrically connected by wiring to the fourth terminal 78D.The wiring connecting the patterns 70 to the terminals 78A, 78B, 78C and 78D is formed, for example, on the flexible substrate 68 by the same method as the conductive lines 72 of the patterns 70.

[0063] The torque detector 44 further includes, for example, a temperature detector 80. The temperature detector 80 includes, for example, a thermistor or a temperature measuring diode. The temperature detector 80 is arranged, for example, on the first layout section 68A of the flexible substrate 68.

[0064] The component 40 further includes, for example, an electronic component 82. The torque detector 44 also includes, for example, an electrical connection section 84 that electrically connects the strain gauge 66 and the electronic component 82. The electrical connection section 84 is arranged, for example, outside the strain gauge 66 in the radial direction of the shaft element 42. The electrical connection section 84 includes, for example, a circuit board. The electrical connection section 84 may include an electrical wire.

[0065] The electronic component 82 includes, for example, a first circuit board 86 extending in a direction intersecting with the shaft member 42. The first circuit board 86 extends, for example, in the radial direction so as to face the intersecting surface 42X. The first circuit board 86 is arcuate or circular. The first circuit board 86 is attached, for example, to the outer circumferential portion of the shaft member 42. The first circuit board 86 is attached, for example, to the shaft member 42 in such a way that it is rotatable integrally with the shaft member 42. The first circuit board 86 includes, for example, a printed circuit board.

[0066] The component 40 further includes, for example, a second circuit board 88 that can be electrically connected to the first circuit board 86. The second circuit board 88 extends, for example, in a radial direction so that it faces the first circuit board 86. The second circuit board 88 is arcuate or circular. The second circuit board 88 is, for example, attached to the housing 46. The second circuit board 88 is, for example, attached to the housing 46 in such a way that it is rotatable relative to the first circuit board 86. The second circuit board 88 includes, for example, a printed circuit board.

[0067] As in Fig. 7, the second circuit board 88 includes, for example, a power transmission section 88A. The first circuit board 86 includes, for example, a power reception section 86A configured to receive electric power from the power transmission section 88A. The torque detector 44 is configured, for example, to be operated by the electric power received by the power reception section 86A. The power transmission section 88A supplies electric power to the power reception section 86A, for example, through contactless power transmission.

[0068] The first circuit board 86 includes, for example, a first communication unit 86B. The second circuit board 88 includes, for example, a second communication unit 88B configured to communicate with the first communication unit 86B. The first communication unit 86B is configured, for example, to transmit a detection result of the strain gauge 66 to the second communication unit 88B. The torque detector 44 is configured, for example, to transmit information, including a detection result of the strain gauge 66, from the first communication unit 86B to the second communication unit 88B. The first communication unit 86B and the second communication unit 88B are configured, for example, to perform wireless communication with each other.

[0069] The power transmission section 88A includes, for example, a second coil 88C. The power reception section 86A includes, for example, a first coil 86C. Each of the power reception section 86A and the first communication unit 86B includes the first coil 86C. Each of the power reception section 86A and the first communication unit 86B further includes, for example, an oscillator circuit configured to generate a carrier wave. The oscillator circuit includes, for example, an LC resonant circuit. Each of the power transmission section 88A and the second communication unit 88B includes the second coil 88C. Each of the power transmission section 88A and the second communication unit 88B further includes, for example, an oscillator circuit configured to generate a carrier wave. The oscillator circuit includes, for example, an LC resonant circuit.

[0070] The first circuit board 86 includes a first signal processing circuit 86D that processes an output signal of the torque detector 44. The first signal processing circuit 86D includes, for example, an operational amplifier 86E, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 86F, an ADC 86G, a calculation circuit 86H, a modulation circuit 86J, and a power supply circuit 86K.

[0071] For example, operational amplifier 86E is electrically connected to second terminal 78B and fourth terminal 78D of strain gauge 66. Operational amplifier 86E amplifies and outputs a signal corresponding to a potential difference between second terminal 78B and fourth terminal 78D of strain gauge 66.

[0072] The ADC 86F is connected to an output terminal of the operational amplifier 86E. The ADC 86F converts a signal from the operational amplifier 86E into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal. The ADC 86G is electrically connected to the temperature detector 80. The ADC 86G converts, for example, a signal corresponding to a detection result of the temperature detector 80 into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal.

[0073] The calculation circuit 86H is electrically connected to the ADCs 86F and 86G and calculates a torsion amount of the wave element 42 based on the digital signal of the ADC 86F and the digital signal of the ADC 86G. In one example, the calculation circuit 86H corrects the potential difference between the second terminal 78B and the fourth terminal 78D according to the detection result of the temperature detector 80 and then calculates the torsion amount of the wave element 42 according to the corrected potential difference between the second terminal 78B and the fourth terminal 78D.

[0074] The modulation circuit 86J is electrically connected to the arithmetic circuit 86H. The modulation circuit 86J varies at least one of the amplitude and frequency of a signal wave of an arithmetic result from the arithmetic circuit 86H and outputs the signal to the first coil 86C so that the arithmetic result of the arithmetic circuit 86H is superimposed on a carrier wave.

[0075] The power supply circuit 86K is electrically connected to the modulation circuit 86J and the first coil 86C. The power supply circuit 86K converts the alternating current supplied by the first coil 86C to direct current and outputs the direct current to the strain gauge 66. In one example, the power supply circuit 86K is electrically connected to the first terminal 78A and the third terminal 78C.

[0076] The second circuit board 88 includes a second signal processing circuit 88D that processes a signal received from the second coil 88C. The second signal processing circuit 88D includes, for example, a modulation circuit 88E. The modulation circuit 88E demodulates, for example, a modulated wave transmitted from the first coil 86C to the second coil 88C. The modulation circuit 88E converts, for example, direct current supplied from a circuit board 92 into alternating current and supplies the alternating current to the second coil 88C.

[0077] The component 40 also includes, for example, the circuit board 92, on which a controller 90 for controlling the motor 50 is mounted. The circuit board 92 includes, for example, a printed circuit board. The second circuit board 88 is electrically connected to the circuit board 92, for example, by at least one of an electrical cable and a connector. The second circuit board 88 may be formed integrally with the circuit board 92. The modulation circuit 88E is electrically connected, for example, to a controller 94.

[0078] The control device 90 includes, for example, the controller 94, which controls the motor 50, and a drive circuit 96, which drives the motor 50. The controller 94 is connected, for example, to both the battery 38 and the drive circuit 96 in a manner that enables wired or wireless communication. The drive circuit 96, for example, controls the supply of electrical power from the battery 38 to the motor 50. The drive circuit 96 includes, for example, an inverter circuit.

[0079] The controller 94 includes, for example, a processor that executes various types of control programs. The processor includes, for example, a central processing unit (CPU) or a microprocessor unit (MPU). The controller 94 may include one or more microcomputers. The controller 94 may include a plurality of processors located in separate locations.

[0080] The control device 90 further includes, for example, a memory 98. The memory 98 stores, for example, control programs and information used for various types of control methods. The memory 98 includes, for example, at least one non-volatile memory and one volatile memory. The non-volatile memory includes, for example, at least one read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and a flash memory. The volatile memory includes, for example, a random access memory (RAM).

[0081] The controller 94 is configured, for example, to drive the motor 50 in accordance with the human driving force. The controller 94 is configured to drive the motor 50 such that an assisting force of the motor 50 is in a predetermined ratio to the human driving force. The controller 94 drives the motor 50, for example, in a case where the human driving force becomes greater than or equal to a predetermined driving force. The predetermined driving force is, for example, 5 Nm or more.

[0082] The controller 94 obtains the human driving force, for example, in accordance with the torsion amount detected by the torque detector 44. In one example, the memory 98 stores a calculation table or a function indicating the corresponding relationship between the torsion amount of the output section 52 and the human driving force. The controller 94 obtains the human driving force from the torsion amount of the output section 52 using the calculation table or function stored in the memory 98. The controller 94 controls the motor 50 according to the obtained human driving force.

[0083] The description concerning the above embodiment illustrates, but is not limitative of, an applicable form of a component for a human-powered vehicle. The component for a human-powered vehicle according to the present invention is applicable, for example, to modified examples of the above embodiment described below, as well as to combinations of at least two of the modified examples that do not contradict each other. In the modified examples described below, the same reference numerals are used for those components that are identical to the corresponding components of the above embodiment. These components will not be described in detail.

[0084] As in Fig. 8, the first terminal 78A, the second terminal 78B, the third terminal 78C, and the fourth terminal 78D may be arranged offset inward in the radial direction of the shaft member 42 from the first resistor 74A, the second resistor 74B, the third resistor 74C, and the fourth resistor 74D. For example, in the present modified example, the second layout portion 68B protrudes inward in the radial direction from the first layout portion 68A. In the present modified example, the second layout portion 68B may be formed to extend along the outer circumferential portion of the shaft member 42 in the axial direction X of the shaft member 42.

[0085] The number of patterns 70, the arrangement of the patterns 70 and the lengths of the patterns 70 in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42 can be changed. Fig. The strain gauge 66 shown in Figure 9 includes the first pattern 70A and the second pattern 70B. In Fig. 9, the second pattern 70B is arranged offset inwardly from the first pattern 70A in the radial direction of the shaft element 42. In Fig. 9, each of the patterns 70 extends, for example, over 180 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42. In Fig. 9, the first terminal 78A is connected to one end of the first pattern 70A and one end of the second pattern 70B. In Fig. 9, the second terminal 78B is connected to the other end of the first pattern 70A and the other end of the second pattern 70B. In the Fig. 10, the first pattern 70A, the second pattern 70B, the third pattern 70C, and the fourth pattern 70D are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42. In Fig. 10, each of the patterns 70 extends, for example, over 60 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42. The Fig. 11 includes the first pattern 70A and the second pattern 70B. In Fig. 11, the first pattern 70A and the second pattern 70B are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42. In Fig. 11, the first terminal 78A is connected to one end of the first pattern 70A and one end of the second pattern 70B. In Fig. 11, the second terminal 78B is connected to the other end of the first pattern 70A and the other end of the second pattern 70B.

[0086] The strain gauge 66 can only contain one pattern 70. In Fig.12, the first terminal 78A is connected to one end of the first pattern 70A and the other end of the first pattern 70A. In the present modified example, for example, the first pattern 70A extends 60 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft member 42.

[0087] The strain gauge 66 may include a plurality of flexible substrates 68. Each of the flexible substrates 68 is, for example, arc-shaped. Each of the flexible substrates 68 extends, for example, 90 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less in the circumferential direction of the shaft element 42. The flexible substrates 68 are, for example, continuously arranged side by side in the circumferential direction to enclose the shaft element 42. Each of the flexible substrates 68 includes, for example, one or more patterns 70.

[0088] The shaft member 42 may include an inwardly directed protrusion that protrudes radially inward from the shaft body 62. In the present modified example, the cutting surface 42X may be provided on the inwardly projecting protrusion.

[0089] The shaft member 42 may be formed integrally with at least one of the crank axle 48 and the output portion 52.

[0090] The one-way clutch 60 may be omitted. In the present modified example, the shaft member 42 is configured to rotate integrally with the output portion 52.

[0091] The shaft member 42 may be an output shaft or the rotor 50B of the motor 50. Alternatively, the shaft member 42 may be a shaft included in the speed reducer 56.

[0092] Component 40 can be modified as long as component 40 includes shaft member 42 to which the torque is applied. For example, component 40 may include a hub, and shaft member 42 may include a hub shell. For example, component 40 may include a steering device, and shaft member 42 may include front fork 22.

[0093] The term "at least one of" used in this disclosure means "one or more" of a desired choice. For example, the term "at least one of" used in this disclosure means "only a single choice" or "both of two choices" when the number of choices is two. For example, the term "at least one of" used in this disclosure means "only a single choice" or "any combination of two or more choices" when the number of choices is three or more.

[0094] Ordinal numbers such as “first,” “second,” and “third” are used in this revelation only to distinguish members with the same name and have no special meaning. REFERENCE MARKS 10 Human-powered vehicle 12 crank 12B (right / left) crank arm 14 wheels 14F front wheel 14R rear wheel 16 vehicle bodies 18 frames 18A saddle 20 pedals 22 front fork 24 handlebars 26 stem 28 Drive mechanism 30 First rotation body 32 Second rotation body 34 connecting element 38 Battery 40 Component of a human-powered vehicle 40A First crank bearing 40B Second crank bearing 40C output section bearing 40D support element 42 Shaft element 42A First End 42B Second End 42C Crank axle connecting section 42X Cutting Surface 44 Torque detector 46 housings 46S recording room 48 Crank axle 50 engine 50A stator 50B rotor 52 Output section 54 transmission element 56 speed reducer 58 Engine overrunning clutch 60 Overrunning clutch 60A Outer race 60B Inner race 60C switching element 62 shaft bodies 64 lead 66 strain gauges 68 Flexible substrate 68A First layout section 68B Second layout section 70 patterns 70A First Sample 70B Second Pattern 70C Third Pattern 70D Fourth Pattern 72 Conductive cable 72A First Section 72B Second Section 74A First Resistance 74B Second resistance 74C Third Resistance 74D Fourth Resistance 76 Wheatstone bridge circuit 78A First connection 78B Second connection 78C Third connection 78D Fourth connection 80 Temperature detector 82 Electronic Component 84 Electrical connection section 86 First circuit board 86A power consumption section 86B First Communication Unit 86C First coil 86D First signal processing circuit 86E operational amplifier 86F Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 86G Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 86H arithmetic circuit 86J modulation circuit 86K power supply circuit 88 Second circuit board 88A power transmission section 88B Second communication unit 88C Second coil 88D Second signal processing circuit 88E modulation circuit 90 Control device 92 circuit board 94 Control 96 drive circuit 98 memory ADC analog-to-digital converter CPU Central Processing Unit CX center axis of rotation EEPROM Electrically erasable, programmable read-only memory EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory MPU microprocessor unit RAM memory ROM Read-only memory X Axial direction QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] JP 2020 034 399 A [0002, 0003]

Claims

[1] A component (40) for a human-powered vehicle (10), the component (40) comprising: a shaft member (42) extending in an axial direction (X); a torque detector (44) configured to detect a torque applied to the shaft member (42), the shaft member (42) includes a cutting surface (42X) extending in a direction intersecting the axial direction (X); and the torque detector (44) includes a strain gauge (66) provided on the cutting surface (42X). [2] Component (40) according to claim 1, wherein: the shaft element (42) contains a shaft body (62), and a projection (64) projecting outwardly in a radial direction from the shaft body (62); and the projection (64) includes the cutting surface (42X). [3] Component (40) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the strain gauge (66) includes arcuate or circular patterns (70) formed by conductive lines (72); and each of the patterns (70) extends over 60 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in a circumferential direction of the shaft member (42). [4] The component (40) of claim 3, wherein the conductive lines (72) are formed by printing. [5] Component (40) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the conductive lines (72) include first sections (72A) and second sections (72B), the first sections (72A) extend in the circumferential direction of the shaft element (42), and each of the second sections (72B) connects two adjacent ones of the first sections (72A); the second portions (72B) are each arranged inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a radial direction of the shaft member (42); and the predetermined angle is greater than 30 degrees and less than 60 degrees. [6] The component (40) of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the strain gauge (66) further includes a flexible substrate (68) that is electrically insulating. [7] The component (40) of claim 6, wherein the flexible substrate (68) is arcuate or circular and extends 90 degrees or more and 360 degrees or less in a circumferential direction of the shaft member (42). [8] Component (40) according to one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: an output section (52); and a transmission element (54) that transmits torque from the shaft element (42) to the drive section (52); wherein the cutting surface (42X) is provided on a part of the shaft member (42) which is connected to the transmission member (54). [9] Component (40) according to claim 8, further comprising: a one-way clutch (60) that transmits torque from the shaft member (42) to the output portion (52); the transmission element (54) forms part of the overrunning clutch (60); the one-way clutch (60) is configured to transmit torque from the shaft member (42) to the output portion (52) when the shaft member (42) rotates in a first direction and to permit relative rotation of the output portion (52) and the shaft member (42) when the output portion (52) rotates in the first direction; the one-way clutch (60) comprises an outer race (60A) rotating integrally with the output portion (52), an inner race (60B) provided on the shaft member (42), and a switching element (60C) disposed between the outer race (60A) and the inner race (60B); and the cutting surface (42X) is provided on a part of the shaft member (42) corresponding to the inner race (60B). [10] Component (40) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the shaft element (42) is connected to a crank axle (48) of the human-powered vehicle (10). [11] Component (40) according to claim 10, wherein: the shaft member (42) includes a crank-shaft connecting portion (42C) connected to the crank shaft (48); and the cutting surface (42X) is provided at a position which is arranged in the axial direction (X) of the shaft member (42), separate from the crank axis connecting portion (42C). [12] Component (40) according to one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising: an electronic component (82); wherein the torque detector (44) further includes an electrical connection portion (84) electrically connecting the strain gauge (66) and the electronic component (82); and wherein the electrical connection portion (84) is arranged outside the strain gauge (66) in a radial direction of the shaft element (42). [13] Component (40) according to claim 12, wherein: the electronic component (82) includes a first circuit board (86) extending in a direction intersecting the shaft element (42); and the first circuit board (86) extends in the radial direction so that it faces the cutting surface (42X). [14] Component (40) according to claim 13, further comprising: a second circuit board (88) electrically connectable to the first circuit board (86); wherein the second circuit board (88) includes a power transmission section (88A); wherein the first circuit board (86) includes a power receiving section (86A) configured to receive electrical power from the power transmitting section (88A); and wherein the torque detector (44) is configured to be operated by the electric power received by the power receiving portion (86A). [15] Component (40) according to claim 13, further comprising: a second circuit board (88) electrically connectable to the first circuit board (86); wherein the first circuit board (86) includes a first communication unit (86B); wherein the second circuit board (88) includes a second communication unit (88B) configured to communicate with the first communication unit (86B); and wherein the first communication unit (86B) is configured to transmit a detection result of the strain gauge (66) to the second communication unit (88B). [16] Component (40) according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: the strain gauge (66) has a first resistor (74A), a second resistor (74B), a third resistor (74C) and a fourth resistor (74D); and the first resistor (74A), the second resistor (74B), the third resistor (74C) and the fourth resistor (74D) are connected by bridges. [17] Component (40) according to claim 16, wherein: the first resistor (74A), the second resistor (74B), the third resistor (74C) and the fourth resistor (74D) form at least part of a Wheatstone bridge circuit (76); the torque detector (44) further includes a first terminal (78A), a second terminal (78B), a third terminal (78C) and a fourth terminal (78D), which form four terminals of the Wheatstone bridge circuit (76); and the first terminal (78A), the second terminal (78B), the third terminal (78C) and the fourth terminal (78D) are arranged in a radial direction of the shaft member (42) outside the first resistor (74A), the second resistor (74B), the third resistor (74C) and the fourth resistor (74D). [18] Component (40) according to claim 16, wherein: the first resistor (74A), the second resistor (74B), the third resistor (74C) and the fourth resistor (74D) form at least part of a Wheatstone bridge circuit (76); the torque detector (44) further includes a first terminal (78A), a second terminal (78B), a third terminal (78C) and a fourth terminal (78D), which form four terminals of the Wheatstone bridge circuit (76); and the first terminal (78A), the second terminal (78B), the third terminal (78C) and the fourth terminal (78D) are arranged in a radial direction of the shaft member (42) within the first resistor (74A), the second resistor (74B), the third resistor (74C) and the fourth resistor (74D). [19] Component (40) according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the strain gauge (66) is attached to the cutting surface (42X) by means of an adhesive. [20] Component (40) according to one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising: a motor (50) configured to exert a propulsive force on the human-powered vehicle (10).

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