Electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, comprising a sensor, and method for replacing the sensor

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic device for analyzing (1) an analyte (2) present in a fluid, comprising: - a sensor (10) having a photonic chip (12) comprising a light guide (13) in which are arranged receptors (14) capable of interacting with the analyte present in the fluid, the interaction causing a change in local properties, and - a sensor support (50); - a closure element (60); - a transducer for changing local properties capable of converting the change in local properties into an electronic signal expressing the change in local properties, this transducer comprising: - a light source (130); - an optical detector (131), the light guide comprising an interference arm (134) in which a resulting light beam is guided, characterized in that the luminous power of the resulting light beam guided in the interference arm is greater than or equal to 0.2 µW. Abstract figure: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, comprising a sensor and a method for replacing the sensor technical field

[0001] The field of the invention is that of physical measurement and analysis techniques, in particular electronic physical measurement and analysis techniques. The present invention relates more particularly to an electronic device for analyzing an analyte present in a fluid, the electronic analysis device having a sensor. The present invention also relates to a method for replacing the sensor. Previous technique

[0002] Electronic analysis devices are known for detecting the presence of an analyte in a fluid such as a gas or a liquid, identifying it, and possibly measuring its concentration in the fluid. The analyte may be a combination of target compounds, for example, a mixture of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that can produce an odor. For this reason, these devices are sometimes classified as electronic noses or electronic tongues, depending on whether they operate on gases or liquids.

[0003] The detection principle in these devices can be based on interactions between receptors integrated into a sensor and the analyte. These interactions rely on physicochemical affinity properties between the receptors and the analyte, and in particular between the receptors and the analyte's target compounds. These interactions lead to a change in one or more local properties, indicating the presence of the analyte, or even the amount of analyte present.

[0004] The receptors can be chosen from various compounds or materials suitable for acting as a temporary ligand for the target compounds. Examples include, but are not limited to: specific molecules, peptides, polymers, biomarkers, nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. The binding forces involved are generally weak (Van der Waals type).

[0005] A transducer is generally used to convert this change in local property into a multidimensional electronic signal representative of this change in local property. For each receiver, an electronic signal is generated. The set of electronic signals constitutes the multidimensional electronic signal. Through the processing and analysis of this multidimensional electronic signal, it is then possible to make a qualitative, or even quantitative, determination of the analyte present. in the analyzed fluid.

[0006] Certain electronic analysis devices allow the detection of changes in local properties using light interference. The electronic analysis device then comprises a sensor including a photonic chip with a light guide and a transducer including a coherent light source for emitting a coherent light beam in the light guide, and an optical detector for measuring at least one optical parameter of the light beam at the output of the light guide.

[0007] The light guide is shaped to allow the formation of light interference, and the receptors are integrated within the light guide. The change in local properties generated by the interaction between the analyte and the receptors in the light guide creates light interference. This light interference therefore depends on the interactions between the analyte and the receptors, and is thus specific to the analyte being analyzed.

[0008] The light interference created modifies the optical parameter measured by the optical detector. Thus, from the optical parameter measured by the optical detector, the transducer can generate an electronic signal expressing the change in local property, and therefore revealing the analyte.

[0009] For the optical detector to correctly measure the optical parameter of the light beam, the light source and the light guide must be aligned. This alignment ensures that the amount of light entering the light guide is sufficient for the optical detector to detect the optical parameter of the light beam at the light guide's output. Thus, the electronic signal generated by the transducer expresses the change in local properties, enabling the transducer to detect the presence of the analyte. Alignment between the light source and the light guide is therefore essential for the qualitative, and even quantitative, determination of the analyte present in the analyzed fluid.

[0010] However, the receptors used to interact with the analyte are temporary receptors, meaning they have a shorter lifespan than the other components of the device. Indeed, the interaction between the receptors and the analyte can lead to receptor saturation. When the receptors are saturated, they can no longer interact correctly with the analyte in the fluid. The sensor incorporating the receptors must then be replaced.

[0011] Receptors can also be specific to a type of analyte that one wishes to detect. Indeed, receptors may exhibit a particular affinity for a given type of analyte. Thus, if one wishes to change the type of analyte to be detected, it may become necessary to replace the sensor with another sensor whose receptors are adapted to the detection of the new type of analyte. detect.

[0012] It is therefore understood that in order to limit costs, it is preferable to be able to replace the sensor in the device rather than having to change the entire device when the temporary receivers no longer work or when it is desired to detect another analyte.

[0013] When the sensor is replaced, care must be taken to ensure that the light guide of the new sensor is aligned with the light source of the device. For the user performing the sensor replacement, ensuring proper alignment of the light source and the light guide inlet is a time-consuming and tedious process.

[0014] An object of the invention is therefore to provide an electronic analysis device in which the sensor is consumable and interchangeable, and in which the alignment between the light source and the input of the light guide is not left to the user who performs the replacement of the sensor.

[0015] Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic analysis device which minimizes, or even prevents, an erroneous qualitative or quantitative determination of an analyte present in an analyzed fluid.

[0016] Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic analysis device in which the detection by the detector of a change in local property generated by the interaction between the receptors and the analyte is guaranteed, so that the electronic signal generated by the transducer corresponds to the effective interaction between the receptors and the analyte.

[0017] Another object of the invention is to ensure that the optical parameter of the light beam measured by the optical detector can reveal the change in local property. Summary

[0018] The present invention aims to meet the need mentioned above.

[0019] To this end, the invention, according to a first aspect, provides for an electronic device analysis of an analyte present in a fluid comprising: - a consumable and interchangeable sensor comprising (i) a photonic chip comprising at least one measurement chamber having a light guide in which are arranged temporary receptors capable of interacting with the analyte present in the fluid, the interaction causing a change in local property, the light guide having a light inlet and a light outlet and ii) a cover attached to the photonic chip and including an opening adapted to admit the fluid into the measurement chamber and to evacuate the fluid from the measurement chamber; - a sensor support comprising a housing in which the sensor is intended to be implemented in a reversible manner; - a closure element cooperating with the sensor support to encapsulate the sensor; - a transducer for local property change induced by the interaction between the receptors and the analyte, capable of converting the local property change into an electronic signal expressing the local property change, this transducer comprising: - a coherent light source capable of emitting a coherent light beam in the light guide of the photonic chip; - an optical detector arranged opposite the light output of the light guide and capable of measuring an optical parameter of the light beam that depends on the change in local properties at the output of the light guide, characterized in that the light source is positioned on the sensor cover or on the closing element.

[0020] The sensor is consumable and reversibly installed. Thus, the sensor can be changed without having to change all the other components of the device.

[0021] In addition, thanks to the positioning of the light source on the sensor cover or on the closing element, the user who is replacing the sensor does not need to worry about the alignment of the light source with the light guide inlet when replacing the sensor.

[0022] Indeed, when the light source is positioned on the sensor cover, during sensor replacement, the light source is removed with the sensor, and a new light source positioned on the cover of the new sensor is then introduced into the device when the new sensor is integrated into the sensor holder housing. Thus, the alignment between the light source and the light inlet of the light guide is left to the sensor manufacturer, who positions the light source on the cover.

[0023] When the light source is positioned on the closure element, alignment between the light source and the light guide inlet is achieved by placing the sensor in the housing of the support and by the interaction between the closure element and the support during the sensor encapsulation. Thus, when the sensor is replaced, the light source remains on the closure element, and alignment between the light source and the light guide inlet is ensured by the manufacturer's design of the closure element's referencing with respect to the sensor support.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the light guide comprises at least one arm having a reference arm in which a portion of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection, and a measuring arm in in which another part of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection and in which the receivers are arranged, the reference arm and the measuring arm being recombined into an interference arm in which a resulting light beam arising from the recombination of the part of the light beam guided in the reference arm and the other part of the light beam guided in the measuring arm is intended to be guided, and the luminous power of the resulting light beam guided in the interference arm is greater than or equal to 0.2 pW.

[0025] By imposing a minimum power of the resulting light beam at 0.2 pW, it is made possible to ensure that a sufficient amount of light passes through the light guide, so that the detector can measure the optical parameter of the light beam at the output of the light guide.

[0026] Furthermore, this minimum power of the resulting light beam ensures that when the optical parameter of the light beam is modified due to a change in local property, this modification can be measured by the optical detector. In particular, the optical detector is thus sensitive to the variation in the value of the optical parameter caused by the change in local property, and therefore by the presence of the analyte. Thus, the electronic signal generated by the transducer accurately reflects the change in local property. The qualitative, and even quantitative, determination of the analyte present in the analyzed fluid is correctly performed.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the electronic analysis device comprises a plurality of branches, each branch having a reference arm and a measuring arm that recombine into an interference arm. For example, the electronic analysis device has 64 branches. The detection accuracy for determining the analyte is thus improved since the light beam resulting from each branch is measured. Each branch provides its own detection, and the light beam measured by the optical detector at the waveguide output is impacted by each branch.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the interference arm of each branch has a first end connected to the reference arm and the measuring arm, and a second end from which the resulting light beam is intended to exit. The second end thus forms the light output of the light guide. When the light guide has several branches, the light output of the light guide is formed by the second end of each interference arm. Thus, the light beam exiting the light guide is formed by all the resulting light beams guided in the interference arms.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the interference arm of each branch is divided at its second end into three sub-arms, the resulting light beam being separated and guided into Each of these three sub-arms is configured to phase-shift the resulting light beam by 120° between each of the sub-arms. In other words, the interference arm is divided into a first sub-arm receiving the first part of the resulting light beam and configured to phase-shift the first part of the resulting light beam by 0° relative to the resulting light beam (i.e., not to phase-shift the first part of the resulting light beam); a second sub-arm receiving the second part of the resulting light beam and configured to phase-shift the second part of the resulting light beam by 120° relative to the resulting light beam; and a third sub-arm receiving the third part of the resulting light beam and configured to phase-shift the third part of the resulting light beam by 240° relative to the resulting light beam.

[0030] The light output of the light guide is then formed by the set of three sub-arms. The luminous power of the resulting light beam then corresponds to the sum of the luminous powers at the output of each of the three sub-arms, that is to say the sum of the luminous powers of the first part of the resulting light beam, the second part of the resulting light beam and the third part of the resulting light beam.

[0031] When the light guide has several branches, the light output of the light guide is formed by all three sub-arms of each interference arm. Thus, the light beam exiting the light guide is formed by all the portions of the resulting light beams guided in the sub-arms of each interference arm.

[0032] According to one variant, the hood comprises a top surface arranged opposite the closing element, and the light beam emitted by the light source has an emission axis substantially perpendicular to the top surface of the hood.

[0033] The perpendicular incidence of the light beam on the upper surface of the hood facilitates the integration of the light source into the electronic analysis device, particularly when the light source is positioned on the hood. Furthermore, it facilitates alignment between the light source and the light guide inlet. Thus, the manufacturing costs of the electronic analysis device are reduced.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the receptors of the measurement chamber are chosen from molecules, peptides, polymers, biomarkers, nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes

[0035] According to one variant, the analyte is a combination of target compounds, for example volatile organic compounds, contained in the fluid; preferably, the analyte is a mixture of volatile organic compounds characteristic of an odor contained in the fluid.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the optical detector is positioned on the closing element.

[0037] Connecting the power supply to the optical detector is then facilitated.

[0038] According to a first alternative, the light source is positioned on the sensor cover, and the electronic analysis device includes - electronic tracks etched onto the casing on which the light source is placed, - an electronic circuit on the closing element, and - an electrical contactor allowing the electronic tracks to be connected to the electronic circuit to power the light source.

[0039] The light source can thus be easily powered via the electronic circuit and electronic tracks.

[0040] For example, the electrical connector is a Pogo® pin.

[0041] According to a second alternative, the light source is positioned on the closure element, and the electronic analysis device includes an optical system which preferably comprises at least one lens, and which is intended to collimate the light beam.

[0042] The angle of incidence of the light beam at the entrance of the light guide is thus better controlled.

[0043] According to one variant, the sensor includes temporary receiver protection configured to be active before the sensor is placed in the sensor holder housing and to be deactivated by placing the sensor in the sensor holder housing.

[0044] The temporary receivers that form the sensitive part of the device are thus protected by the shielding. The temporary receivers are thereby isolated from the external atmosphere before the sensor is placed in the sensor holder and are not altered before being used in the device. This shielding is installed immediately after manufacturing and is therefore in place during sensor storage and until the sensor is integrated into the electronic analysis device, at which point the temporary receivers are no longer exposed to the risk of external contamination. The protection of the temporary receivers is achieved without compromising the ease of installation and removal of the sensor from the device, nor the quality of the analysis.

[0045] Furthermore, when the sensor is placed in the sensor holder, the interaction between the temporary receiver protection and the sensor holder allows the temporary receiver protection to be deactivated. The fluid can then flow into the sensor's measuring chamber and reach the temporary receivers. Thus, deactivating the protection ensures optimal use of the sensor and the temporary receivers.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the protection of the temporary receptors comprises an envelope protective device configured for: - Seal the hood opening before installing the sensor in the sensor bracket housing, and - cooperate with the closing element so as to pierce opposite the opening of the hood when the sensor is placed in the housing of the sensor support.

[0047] According to one variant, the closing element comprises a peripheral wall reversibly interlocking with the sensor support.

[0048] This arrangement between the peripheral wall and the sensor support optimizes the alignment between the closure element and the sensor support. When the light source is positioned on the closure element, the interlocking between the peripheral wall of the closure element and the sensor support ensures alignment between the light source and the light guide inlet.

[0049] According to one variant, the closing element includes a connection socket in fluidic communication with the hood opening to allow the admission and evacuation of fluid into the measuring chamber.

[0050] The fluid can thus be admitted through the closing element, via the connection socket.

[0051] According to one variant, the hood opening has an inlet opening configured to admit fluid into the measuring chamber and an outlet opening configured to discharge fluid from the measuring chamber.

[0052] The fluid to be analyzed can thus circulate between the inlet opening and the outlet opening during the measurement.

[0053] According to one variant, the connection socket of the closing element includes a fluid inlet conduit in fluidic communication with the hood inlet opening and a fluid outlet conduit in fluidic communication with the hood outlet opening.

[0054] According to one variant, the inlet duct, respectively the outlet duct, comprises a base with a contact surface arranged opposite the inlet opening, respectively the outlet opening, which extends on either side of the inlet opening, respectively the outlet opening, in order to ensure the sealing of the measuring chamber.

[0055] The base ensures good contact between the inlet and outlet ducts and the measuring chamber, guaranteeing a seal between the inlet and outlet ducts and the sensor cover. Furthermore, it facilitates alignment between the inlet duct and the inlet opening on one side, and the outlet duct and the outlet opening on the other.

[0056] According to one variant, the change in local property is a change in optical index in the sensor.

[0057] According to one variant, the optical parameter is the luminous intensity or luminous power.

[0058] According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for replacing a sensor in an electronic analysis device according to the first aspect of the invention, in which - the sensor is removed from the sensor bracket housing, - a new sensor is positioned in the sensor support housing. Brief description of the drawings

[0059] Other features, details and advantages will become apparent upon reading the detailed description below, and upon analysis of the accompanying drawings, on which: Fig. 1

[0060] [Fig.1] Fig.1 represents an electronic analysis device according to a first embodiment of the invention comprising a sensor, a sensor support, a closure element and a transducer; Fig. 2

[0061] [Fig.2] Fig.2 represents a cross-sectional view of the electronic analysis device of Fig.1 along a longitudinal plane; Fig.3

[0062] [Fig. 3] [Fig. 3] shows a top view of a photonic chip of the sensor of the electronic analysis device shown in [Fig.1], comprising a measuring chamber with a light guide; Fig. 4

[0063] [Fig.4] The [Fig.4] shows an enlarged view of the area referenced IV on the [Fig.3] representing a part of the light guide located near the light inlet of the light guide; Fig. 5

[0064] [Fig.5] The [Fig.5] shows an enlarged view of the area referenced V on the [Fig.4] representing a branch of the light guide with a reference arm and a measuring arm; Fig. 6

[0065] [Fig.6] Fig.6 schematically illustrates a branch of the light guide with a reference arm and a measuring arm in which receivers are integrated; Fig. 7

[0066] [Fig.7] The [Fig.7] schematically illustrates the reaction between the receptors and an analyte to be analyzed; Fig. 8

[0067] [Fig.8] [Fig.8] shows an enlarged view of the area referenced VIII on [Fig.3] representing a portion of the light output from the light guide; Fig. 9

[0068] [Fig.9] Fig.9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrical device analysis electronics of the [Fig.1], configured according to the first embodiment, along a longitudinal plane, in which the light source of the transducer is positioned on the hood of the sensor; Fig. 10

[0069] [Fig. 10] The [Fig. 10] represents an enlarged view of the area referenced X on the [Fig.9], including the light source; Fig. 11

[0070] [Fig. 11] Fig. 11 represents a schematic cross-sectional view similar to that of the [Fig.9] of an electronic analysis device configured according to a second embodiment, in which the light source of the transducer is positioned on the closing element; Fig. 12

[0071] [Fig. 12] Fig. 12 represents an image formed by the optical detector of the transducer; Fig. 13

[0072] [Fig. 13] Figure 13 represents a graph showing electrical signals formed by the transducer. Description of the implementation methods

[0073] In the figures, the same references designate identical or analogous elements.

[0074] Figure 1 represents an electronic analysis device 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. A cross-sectional view along a longitudinal plane B illustrated in Figure 1 of the electronic analysis device 1 is also shown in Figure 2, and a schematic cross-sectional view along the longitudinal plane B illustrated in Figure 1 of the electronic analysis device 1 is also shown in Figure 9.

[0075] The electronic analysis device 1 includes a consumable and interchangeable sensor 10, and allows the analysis of an analyte 2 whose presence in a fluid to be analyzed is highlighted by the sensor 10. The electronic analysis device 1 thus makes it possible to detect the presence of the analyte 2 in the fluid to be analyzed, or even to determine the quantity of analyte 2 in the fluid to be analyzed.

[0076] The fluid may be a gas or a liquid. The analyte 2 may be a combination of target compounds, for example volatile organic compounds, contained in the fluid. In particular, the analyte 2 may be a mixture of volatile organic compounds characteristic of an odor contained in the fluid.

[0077] The electronic analysis device 1 also includes a sensor holder 50 having a housing 51 in which the sensor 10 is reversibly placed, and a closure element 60. In particular, the sensor holder 50 has a recess forming the housing 51. The closure element 60 cooperates with the sensor holder 50 to encapsulate the sensor 10. The sensor 10 is thus protected by the sensor holder 50 and the closure element 60.

[0078] In the example shown, the closure element 60 is formed by an upper part 62 arranged opposite the sensor 10 and a lower part arranged opposite the sensor support 50. The upper part 62 and the lower part 63 are connected by means of a hinge 64. The closure element 60 thus protects the sensor 10. Alternatively, the closure element 60 could be formed solely by the upper part 62.

[0079] The sensor 10 comprises a photonic chip 12, visible in Figures 2 and 9, and a top view of which is shown in [Fig. 3]. The photonic chip 12 has a measurement chamber 11 for detecting the presence of the analyte 2 in the fluid to be analyzed. A light guide 13, in which receptors 14 are arranged, is positioned in the measurement chamber 11. The receptors 14 can interact with the analyte 2 present in the fluid to be analyzed. The interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2 causes a change in local properties. Thus, when the receptors 14 are in the presence of the analyte 2, at least one local property characteristic of the medium in which the receptors 14 are positioned is modified. In the illustrated example, the local property is the refractive index of the medium.

[0080] The receptors 14 can be selected from molecules, peptides, polymers, biomarkers, nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes. The receptors 14 are temporary receptors. They have a shorter lifespan than the other components of the electronic analysis device 1. Indeed, the receptors 14 can become saturated by the interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2. Furthermore, they are specific to the detection of a particular type of analyte and must be changed when the analyte to be detected changes.

[0081] The light guide 13 includes a light input 135 and a light output 136.

[0082] As can be seen in [Fig.4] showing an enlarged view of the area referenced IV on [Fig.3] showing a part of the light guide 13 located near the light inlet 135, and in [Fig.5] showing an enlarged view of the area referenced V on [Fig.4], the light guide 13 is divided into a plurality of branches 137, each branch 137 being divided into a reference arm 132 and a measuring arm 133, in which the receivers 14 are arranged. The reference arm 132 and the measuring arm 133 recombine into an interference arm 134.

[0083] Fig. 6 schematically represents a branch 137 of the light guide 13, the receptors 14 being arranged in the measuring arm 133, and interacting with the analyte 2.

[0084] In order to form the branches 137, the light guide 13 is divided successively, starting from the light inlet 135. In particular, as can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, the light guide 13 is divided into two first-row portions 13a, 13b of identical length constituting a first stage of the light guide 13, then each of these first-row portions 13a, 13b is in turn divided in two to form four second-row portions 13aa, 13ab, 13ba, 13bb of identical length, constituting a second stage of the light guide 13.Each second-row portion 13aa, 13ab, 13ba, 13bb is in turn divided in two to form eight third-row portions of identical length constituting a third stage of the light guide 13, then each third-row portion is in turn divided in two to form sixteen fourth-row portions of identical length constituting a fourth stage of the light guide 13, then each fourth-row portion is in turn divided in two to form thirty-two fifth-row portions of identical length constituting a fifth stage of the light guide 13, then each fifth-row portion is in turn divided in two to form sixty-four sixth-row portions constituting a sixth stage of the light guide 13. These sixty-four sixth-row portions each form a branch 137.

[0085] These successive divisions of the light guide increase the number of branches 137 that will reveal the presence of the analyte 2. The light guide 13 may have more or fewer branches 137 than in the illustrated example. Thus, the light guide 13 may have more or fewer stages than in the illustrated example. For example, the light guide 13 may have five stages, in which case the fifth stage has thirty-two fifth-row segments, each forming a branch, or seven stages, in which case the seventh stage has one hundred and twenty-eight seventh-row segments, each forming a branch.

[0086] As shown in [Fig.5], the interference arm 134 of each branch 137 has a first end 1341 connected to the reference arm 132 and the measuring arm 133, and a second end 1342. The light output 136 of the light guide 13 is formed by the second end 1342 of the interference arm 134 of each branch 137.

[0087] In the illustrated example, the interference arm 134 of each branch 137 is divided at its second end 1342 into a first sub-arm 134a, a second sub-arm 134b, and a third sub-arm 134c. As illustrated in [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 8], which shows an enlarged view of the area referenced VIII in [Fig. 3], the light output 136 of the light guide 13 is thus formed by the set of three sub-arms. 134a, 134b, 134c of each of the branches 137.

[0088] The sensor 10 also includes a cover 15 attached to the photonic chip 12. The cover 15 includes a top surface 15a arranged opposite the closure element 60. The cover 15 also includes an inlet opening 16a for admitting the fluid to be analyzed into the measuring chamber 11 and an outlet opening 16b for evacuating the fluid from the measuring chamber 11. The fluid can thus flow from the inlet opening 16a to the outlet opening 16b.

[0089] The inlet opening 16a is positioned near a first end of the measuring chamber 11 and the outlet opening 16b is positioned near a second end of the measuring chamber 11, thus ensuring the passage of the fluid at the level of the receivers 14. In an alternative embodiment not shown, the hood 15 could include a single opening allowing both the fluid to be admitted into the measuring chamber 11 and the fluid to be discharged from the measuring chamber 11.

[0090] The closure element 60 includes a connection port 57a, 57b in fluidic communication with the hood opening to allow the admission and discharge of fluid into the measuring chamber. The connection port 57a, 57b of the closure element 60 includes a fluid inlet conduit 57a in fluidic communication with the inlet opening 16a of the hood 15 and a fluid discharge conduit 57b in fluidic communication with the discharge opening 16b of the hood 15. The fluid to be analyzed can thus be introduced into the inlet opening 16a via the inlet conduit 57a and discharged from the discharge opening 16b via the discharge conduit 57b.

[0091] The inlet duct 57a, and respectively the outlet duct 57b, comprise a base 55 with a contact surface arranged opposite the inlet opening 16a, and respectively the outlet opening 16b, extending on either side of the inlet opening 16a, and respectively the outlet opening 16b, in order to ensure the sealing of the measuring chamber 11. The bases 55 ensure good contact between the inlet duct 57a and the outlet duct 57b on the one hand, and the measuring chamber 11 on the other, in order to guarantee a seal between the inlet and outlet ducts 57a, 57b and the cover 15 of the sensor 10. In addition, the bases 55 facilitate alignment between the inlet duct 57a and the inlet opening 16a. on the one hand, and the evacuation conduit 57b and the evacuation opening 16b on the other hand.

[0092] The electronic analysis device 1 also includes a transducer for the change in local property caused by the interaction between the temporary receptors 14 and the analyte 2. This transducer allows the change in local property is represented in an electronic signal expressing the change in local property.

[0093] The transducer comprises a coherent light source 130 and an optical detector 131. The light source 130 can, for example, be a laser diode. The light source 130 is aligned with the light inlet 135 so that the light source 130 can emit a coherent light beam 129 into the light guide 13 of the photonic chip 12. The light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130 has an emission axis A substantially perpendicular to the upper surface 15a of the hood 15. Alignment between the light source 130 and the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13 is thus facilitated.

[0094] Alternatively, the emission axis A of the light beam 129 could form a non-zero angle with an axis perpendicular to the upper surface 15a of the hood 15. For example, the angle may be less than 5°, or even less than 1°.

[0095] The optical detector 131 is positioned opposite the light output 136 of the light guide 13 and can measure an optical parameter of the light beam 129 dependent on the change in local property, at the output of the light guide 13. For example, the optical detector 131 can measure the luminous intensity of the light beam 129 at the output of the light guide 13, or the luminous power of the light beam 129 at the output of the light guide 13. The optical detector 131 is positioned on the closure element 60.

[0096] In the first embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2, and 9, the light source 130 is positioned on the cover 15 of the sensor 10. Since the sensor 10 is consumable, interchangeable, and reversibly installed in the housing 51 of the sensor holder 50, the sensor 10 can be easily replaced without needing to change the other parts of the device. Only the light source 130, which is positioned on the cover 15 of the sensor 10, is changed at the same time as the sensor 10.

[0097] When replacing sensor 10 with a new sensor, the new sensor also includes a light source on its cover. The user performing the replacement then does not need to worry about the alignment between the light source 130 and the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13, since this alignment will have been carried out by the manufacturer of the new sensor. The operation of the electronic analysis device 1 is thus ensured after the replacement of sensor 10.

[0098] In this first embodiment, the light source 130 is arranged on electronic tracks 128 engraved on the cover 15 and which are visible in [Fig.10], and the closing element 60 has an electronic circuit 127. An electrical contactor 126 allows the electronic tracks 128 to be connected to the electronic circuit 127, to power the light source 130. For example, the electrical connector 127 is a Pogo® pin.

[0099] According to a second embodiment shown in [Fig. 11], the light source 130 is positioned on the closure element 60. Since the sensor 10 is consumable, interchangeable, and reversibly installed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50, the sensor 10 can be easily replaced without needing to change the other parts of the device. Unlike the first embodiment, the light source 130 can also be retained when the sensor 10 is changed.

[0100] Furthermore, when replacing the sensor 10 with a new sensor, the alignment between the light source 130 and the light guide 135 inlet of the new sensor is ensured by the cooperation of the sensor holder 50 and the closure element 60. Specifically, the new sensor is positioned in the slot 51 of the sensor holder 50, and the closure element 60 is also referenced relative to the sensor holder 50. Thus, thanks to the design of the sensor holder 50 and the closure element 60, the alignment between the light source 130 and the light guide 135 inlet of the light guide 13 is ensured. The alignment between the light source 130 and the light guide 135 inlet of the light guide 13 is the responsibility of the device manufacturer, and not of the user performing the replacement.

[0101] An optical system 125 is arranged opposite the light source 130 to collimate the light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130. For example, the optical system 125 includes at least one lens. In one embodiment, the electronic analysis device 1 could be without an optical system, and the light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130 could be sent directly into the light inlet 135 of the light guide 13.

[0102] In this second embodiment, the light source 130 is powered directly by the electronic circuit 127 of the closing element 60.

[0103] This second embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in the positioning of the light source 130 in the electronic analysis device 1 and the power supply of the light source 130. The other characteristics of the electronic analysis device 1 are identical to those of the first embodiment.

[0104] In each of the first and second embodiments, to perform the change of sensor 10, the sensor 10 is first removed from the housing 51 of the sensor support 50, then the new sensor is positioned in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50.

[0105] Furthermore, in each of the first and second embodiments, the closure element 60 has a peripheral wall 61 that can be reversibly fitted with the sensor support 50, thus allowing easy access to the sensor 10. Moreover, this fitting contributes to the correct alignment of the closure element 60 with the support of sensor 50, and therefore, for the second embodiment, to the correct alignment between the light source 130 and the light input 135 of the light guide 13.

[0106] In addition, the sensor 10 includes a protection of the temporary receivers 14 configured to be active before the sensor is placed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 10 and to be deactivated by the placement of the sensor 10 in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50.

[0107] This protection of the temporary receivers 14 is visible in figures 9 and 11, and includes a protective cover 18 which closes the inlet opening 16a and the outlet opening 16b of the hood 15 before the sensor 10 is placed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50. When the sensor 10 is placed in the housing 51 of the sensor support 50, the protective cover 18 cooperates with the closing element 60 so as to be perforated opposite the inlet opening 16a and the outlet opening 16b of the hood 15.

[0108] The following description describes the propagation of the light beam 129 emitted by the light source 130 in the electronic analysis device 1, and in particular in the light guide 13. This propagation is identical for all the embodiments that have been described.

[0109] Once the light beam 129 is emitted by the light source 130, the light beam 129 enters the light guide 13 through the light inlet 135

[0110] For example, the luminous power of the light beam 129 at the entrance of the light guide is greater than or equal to 1 mW.

[0111] The light beam 129 is then guided in the light guide 13. In particular, the light beam 129 is divided at each stage of the light guide 13 to propagate into each of the portions constituting the stage. The light beam then propagates into each of the branches 137 of the light guide 13.

[0112] In each arm 137 of the light guide 13, a part of the light beam is guided by total internal reflection in the reference arm 132, and another part of the light beam is guided by total internal reflection in the measuring arm 133. "Guided by total internal reflection" means that when the light beam propagates in the light guide 13, and encounters the surface of the light guide 13, no part of the light beam is refracted; the light beam is entirely reflected.

[0113] A resulting light beam from the recombination of the part of the light beam guided in the reference arm 132 and the other part of the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 is guided in the interference arm 134.

[0114] Each arm 137 of the light guide 130 forms an interferometer for detecting the presence of an analyte 2 in the fluid. Indeed, when the fluid to be analyzed enters the measuring chamber 11, the temporary receptors 14 present in Each of the measuring arms 133 of the branches 137 of the light guide 13 will interact with the analyte 2. As can be seen in [Fig. 7], the analyte 2 will, for example, bind to the receptors 14. The interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2 will then modify the optical index in the measuring arm 133. This modification of the optical index in the measuring arm 133 will generate a phase delay in the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133, while the phase of the light beam guided in the reference arm 132 is not modified.

[0115] When the light beam from the measuring arm 133 and the light beam from the reference arm 132 are recombined in the interference arm 134, forming the resulting light beam, specific interferences due to the phase delay of the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 are formed in the resulting light beam. These interferences are responsible for a specific light intensity distribution. This specific light intensity distribution is then detected by the optical detector 131.

[0116] In the illustrated example, the light beam resulting from each branch 137 is separated and guided into each of three sub-arms 134a, 134b, 134c forming the second end of the interference arm 134. Each of these three sub-arms shifts the phase of the resulting light beam, so that the phase shift between each sub-arm is equal to 120°.In other words, the first sub-arm 134a receives a first part of the resulting light beam and shifts the phase of the first part of the resulting light beam by 0° with respect to the resulting light beam, that is to say, the first sub-arm 134a is not phase-shifted by the first part of the resulting light beam, the second sub-arm 134b receives a second part of the resulting light beam and shifts the phase of the second part of the resulting light beam by 120° with respect to the resulting light beam and the third sub-arm 134c receives a third part of the resulting light beam and shifts the phase of the third part of the resulting light beam by 240° with respect to the resulting light beam.

[0117] The phase shift of the resulting light beam into three parts of the resulting light beam, each phase-shifted by 120°, allows the optical detector 131 to obtain greater accuracy in detecting the interferences formed in the resulting light beam. In particular, the optical detector 131 can thus detect the sign of the phase shift of the light beam in the measuring arm 133. Since this phase shift is due to the interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2, determining the sign of the phase shift allows for better detection of the analyte 2.

[0118] The luminous power of the resulting light beam guided in the interference arm 134 of each branch 137 is greater than or equal to 0.2 pW, which enables the optical detector 131 to detect the specific intensity distribution generated in the resulting light beam of each branch 137.

[0119] The luminous power of the resulting light beam corresponds to the sum of the luminous powers at the output of each of the three sub-arms 134a, 134b, 134c of the interference arm 134. In other words, the luminous power of the resulting light beam corresponds to the sum of the luminous powers of the first part of the resulting light beam, the second part of the resulting light beam and the third part of the resulting light beam.

[0120] An example of detection performed by the optical detector 131 is shown in [Fig. 12]. For each arm 137 of the optical guide 13, and more specifically, for each sub-arm 134a, 134b, 134c of the interference arm 134 of each arm 137, the optical detector 131 receives a specific light intensity distribution. Each specific light intensity distribution is represented by a light spot 1314a, 1314b, 1314c in grayscale. For each arm 137, the specific light intensity distribution of the first sub-arm 134a is represented by a light spot 1314a, the specific light intensity distribution of the second sub-arm 134b is represented by a light spot 1314b, and the specific light intensity distribution of the third sub-arm 134c is represented by a light spot 1314c.

[0121] The luminous power of each resulting light beam corresponds to the luminous power of three luminous spots 1314a, 1314b, 1314c representing respectively the specific luminous intensity distribution of the first part of the resulting light beam, the second part of the resulting light beam and the third part of the resulting light beam.

[0122] The grey level of each light spot 1314a, 1314b, 1314c can be between 0 and 255. The higher the grey level, the brighter the light spot.

[0123] In order to optimize the detection performed by the optical detector 131, the detector is calibrated during the first use of the sensor 10. In particular, it is preferable that the sensor not be saturated, but that it still be able to detect the specific light intensity distributions. Thus, during the first detection by the optical detector 131, the light spot 1314 with the highest gray level is taken as a reference, and the exposure time of the optical detector 131, that is, the duration during which the optical detector 131 performs the measurement of the specific light intensity distributions, is modified so that this reference light spot 1314 has a predetermined gray level or is within a predetermined range of gray levels.

[0124] For example, if the grey level of the reference light spot 1314 is lower than the predetermined grey level or the lowest value in the predetermined grey level range, the exposure time of the optical detector 131 will be increased so that the optical detector 131 can receive more light over the duration of the measurement. Conversely, if the grey level of the reference light spot 1314 is higher than the predetermined grey level or the highest value in the predetermined grey level range, the exposure time of the optical detector 131 will be reduced so that the optical detector 131 receives less light over the duration of the measurement.

[0125] However, it is preferable that the exposure time of the optical detector 131 not exceed a maximum exposure time, such as 1000 ps. Indeed, beyond the maximum exposure time, the time required to perform the measurement is too long to achieve sufficient detection accuracy.

[0126] The closer the luminous power of a resulting light beam approaches 0.2 pW, while remaining above 0.2 pW, the higher the exposure time, so that the optical detector 131 can correctly detect the specific light intensity distribution of the resulting light beam.

[0127] If the luminous power of the resulting light beam is less than 0.2 pW, then it becomes difficult to calibrate the optical detector 131 properly to allow accurate detection of the specific light intensity distribution of the resulting light beam. Indeed, the exposure time required for the optical sensor 131 to capture the resulting light beam then exceeds the maximum exposure time; in particular, the exposure time exceeds 1000 ps.

[0128] During detection, the analyte 2 is introduced into the measurement chamber 11 through the inlet opening 16a and then expelled from the measurement chamber 11 through the outlet opening 16b. Thus, the analyte 2 circulates within the measurement chamber 11. The interaction between the receptors 14 and the analyte 2 therefore changes over time. The interference patterns formed in the light beam resulting from each branch 137 also change over time, which implies that the specific light intensity distribution of the light beam resulting from each branch 137 changes over time. The gray level of each light spot 1314a, 1314b, 1314c therefore varies over time.

[0129] For each resulting light beam, and therefore for the first, second and third parts of each resulting light beam, this variation in grey level is transformed into an electronic signal by the optical detector 131. The set of electronic signals generated then forms a multidimensional electronic signal 31. An example of a multidimensional electronic signal 31 generated by the optical detector 131 is shown in [Fig. 13].

[0130] The electronic signals express the phase delay of the light beam guided in the measuring arm 133 with respect to the light beam guided in the reference arm 132 for each branch 137, and therefore express the change in refractive index in the measuring arm 133, i.e. the interaction between the analyte 2 and the re temporary receptors 14. Thus, thanks to the light source 130, the optical guide 13 and the optical detector 131, it is possible to detect the change in optical index generated by the interaction between the analyte 2 and the receptors 14, and therefore to detect the presence of the analyte 2 in the analyzed fluid.

[0131] Figure 13 shows the electronic signals S1, S2, S3 corresponding to a resulting light beam. Three curves are thus observed which respectively represent the variation of the grey level of the light spot 1314a of the first part of the resulting light beam over time, the variation of the grey level of the light spot 1314b of the second part of the resulting light beam over time, and the variation of the grey level of the light spot 1314c of the third part of the resulting light beam over time.

[0132] During the time period Tb, a known reference fluid is introduced into the measuring chamber 11. The multidimensional electronic signal 31 has a reference value. During the time period Ti, the fluid to be analyzed is introduced into the measuring chamber 11. A change in the multidimensional electronic signal 31 is then observed. This change is characteristic of the interaction between the analyte 2 and the receptors 14. During the time period Tp, the reference fluid is again introduced into the measuring chamber. The multidimensional electronic signal 31 is then modified until it returns to its reference value. This time period Tp allows the measuring chamber 11 to be purged and allows the analyte 2, having interacted with the receptors 14, to also exit the measuring chamber 11.At the end of period Tp, the measuring chamber 11 is then ready to receive a new fluid to be analyzed and the receivers 14 are then ready to receive the analyte 2 of the new fluid to be analyzed.

[0133] However, it may happen that some of the analyte 2 of the analyzed fluid remains on the temporary receptors 14. The multidimensional electronic signal then does not return exactly to its reference value, but to a value close to that reference value. If this value is too far from the reference value, then the temporary receptors 14 must be changed. The sensor 10 must be replaced.

[0134] For example, the temporary receivers 14 can be tested in ambient air before any use. This provides an initial reference value for the multidimensional electronic signal 31. If, during the period Tp, the value of the multidimensional electronic signal 31 takes a value with a deviation of less than 10% from the initial reference value, then the temporary receivers 14 can be retained, and the sensor 10 can be kept.

[0135] On the contrary, if during the time period Tp, the value of the multidimensional electronic signal 31 takes a value with a deviation greater than 10% from the initial reference value, then the temporary receivers 14 must be changed, and the sensor 10 or the electronic analysis device 1 must be replaced.

Claims

Demands

1. An electronic device (1) for analyzing an analyte (2) present in a fluid comprising: - a consumable and interchangeable sensor (10) comprising i) a photonic chip (12) comprising at least one measurement chamber (11) comprising a light guide (13) in which are arranged temporary receptors (14) capable of interacting with the analyte present in the fluid, the interaction causing a change in local property, the light guide comprising a light inlet (135) and a light outlet (136) and ii) a hood (15) attached to the photonic chip and comprising an opening (16a, 16b) adapted to admit the fluid into the measurement chamber and to evacuate the fluid from the measurement chamber; - a sensor support (50) comprising a housing (51) in which the sensor is intended to be reversibly installed; - a closure element (60) cooperating with the sensor support to encapsulate the sensor; - a transducer for local property change caused by the interaction between the receptors and the analyte capable of converting the local property change into an electronic signal expressing the local property change, this transducer comprising: - a coherent light source (130) capable of emitting a coherent light beam (129) in the light guide of the photonic chip; - an optical detector (131) arranged opposite the light output of the light guide and capable of measuring an optical parameter of the light beam dependent on the change of local property, at the output of the light guide, characterized in that the light source is positioned on the hood of the sensor or on the closing element.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light guide (13) comprises at least one arm (137) having a reference arm (132) in which a portion of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection, and a measuring arm (133) in which another portion of the light beam emitted by the light source is intended to be guided by total internal reflection, and in which the receivers (14) are disposed. (132) and the measuring arm (133) being recombined into an interference arm (134) in which a resulting light beam from the recombination of the part of the light beam guided in the reference arm and the other part of the light beam guided in the measuring arm is intended to be guided, and in which the luminous power of the resulting light beam guided in the interference arm (134) is greater than or equal to 0.2 pW.

3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the interference arm of each branch has a first end connected to the reference arm and the measuring arm, and a second end through which the resulting light beam is intended to be emanated.

4. Device according to claim 3, wherein the interference arm of each branch is divided at its second end into three sub-arms, the resulting light beam being separated and guided into each of these three sub-arms and the three sub-arms being configured to phase-shift the resulting light beam by 120° between each of the sub-arms.

5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hood comprises an upper surface (15a) arranged opposite the closing element, and wherein the light beam emitted by the light source has an emission axis (A) substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the hood.

6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light source is positioned on the hood of the sensor and comprising - electronic tracks (128) etched on the hood on which the light source is disposed, - an electronic circuit (127) on the closing element, and - an electrical contactor (126) for connecting the electronic tracks to the electronic circuit to power the light source.

7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light source is positioned on the closure element, and comprising an optical system, preferably comprising at least one lens, and intended to collimate the light beam.

8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sensor includes temporary receiver protection configured to be active before the sensor is placed in the sensor holder housing and to be deactivated by placing the sensor in the sensor holder housing.

9. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the element of closure includes a peripheral wall (61) reversibly interlockable with the sensor support.

10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the closing element includes a connection socket (57a, 57b) in fluidic communication with the hood opening to allow the admission and evacuation of fluid into the measuring chamber.

11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the hood opening has an inlet opening (16a) configured to admit fluid into the measuring chamber and an outlet opening (16b) configured to discharge fluid from the measuring chamber.

12. Device according to claim 11 when it depends on claim 10, wherein the connection socket of the closure element includes a fluid inlet conduit (57a) in fluidic communication with the inlet opening (16a) of the hood and a fluid outlet conduit (57b) in fluidic communication with the outlet opening (16b) of the hood.

13. Device according to claim 12, wherein the inlet duct, respectively the outlet duct, comprises a base (55) with a contact surface arranged opposite the inlet opening, respectively the outlet opening, which extends on either side of the inlet opening, respectively the outlet opening, in order to ensure the sealing of the measuring chamber.

14. Method of replacing a sensor (10) of an electronic analysis device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein - the sensor is removed from the sensor holder housing, - a new sensor is positioned in the sensor holder housing.

Images