Fuel oil composition

Abstract

To provide a fuel oil composition which contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thereby has excellent combustion performance, excellent environmental performance due to ultra-low sulfur, and also excellent storage stability performance.SOLUTION: Provided is a fuel oil composition comprising a fatty acid alkyl ester having specific properties and a cracked light gas oil fraction, each in a content of 15.0 vol% or more and 35.0 vol% or less and 2.5 vol% or more and less than 20.0 vol%, respectively, based on the total amount of the composition, and satisfying all of the following: (1) a density at 15°C of 0.8600 g / cm3 or more and 0.8800 g / cm3 or less; (2) a kinematic viscosity at 50°C of 2.000 mm2 / s or more and 4.500 mm2 / s or less; (3) a sulfur content of 0.100 mass% or less; (4) an aromatic content of three or more rings of 2.1 vol% or more; and (5) a residual carbon content of 10% residual oil of 0.21 mass% or more and 0. mass% or less. Also provided is a method for producing the same.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel oil composition. [Background technology]

[0002] JIS K2205:1991 Class 1 heavy oil (hereinafter also referred to as "A heavy oil"), especially JIS K2205:1991 Class 1 No. 1 heavy oil (hereinafter also referred to as "low-sulfur A heavy oil"), has a higher calorific value per unit volume than kerosene, light oil, etc., allowing for a reduction in the amount (volume) of fuel oil used. Furthermore, compared to C heavy oil (JIS K2205:1991 Class 3 heavy oil), it has lower sulfur, nitrogen, and residual carbon content, resulting in a lower environmental impact. Furthermore, unlike C heavy oil, it does not require heating, can be stored and used at room temperature, and has excellent supply stability. Therefore, it is widely used as a fuel oil for internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines, and as a fuel oil for external combustion engines such as power generation boilers.

[0003] Known marine fuel oils include fuel oils that satisfy ISO 8217 "Petroleum products - Fuels (class F) - Specification of marine fuels." ISO 8217:2017 added additional regulations for marine distillate oils with a maximum content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of 7% by volume or less (DF grades: DFA, DFZ, and DFB). Known fuel oil compositions containing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) include those described in Patent Documents 1 to 3. Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose fuel oil compositions for internal combustion engines and fuel oil compositions for external combustion engines that contain 5 to 100% by volume of a methyl ester of rapeseed oil containing a fatty acid methyl ester, such as methyl myristate. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-231119 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-231120 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-231121 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Fatty acid alkyl esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) contained in the fuel oil compositions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have high combustion performance, and are therefore one of the base oils that are being investigated for use as fuel oils. Furthermore, when fatty acid alkyl esters derived from animals or plants are used, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced, which contributes to the suppression of global warming through reduced carbon dioxide emissions, and is therefore extremely useful from the perspective of environmental protection. Therefore, the use of fatty acid alkyl esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as base oils can be expected to improve combustion performance, and furthermore, the use of fatty acid alkyl esters derived from animals or plants can result in base oils that contribute to environmental protection.

[0006] Fatty acid alkyl esters have high combustion performance, and therefore can improve the combustion performance of fuel oil compositions using them. Furthermore, because fatty acid alkyl esters have a low sulfur content, the sulfur content of fuel oil compositions using them can be easily reduced to an ultra-low sulfur content of 0.1% by mass or less, thereby improving environmental performance. Because of these characteristics, fatty acid alkyl esters are one of the excellent base materials used in fuel oil compositions. On the other hand, when used after storage at room temperature, clogging of the fuel oil filter can occur, resulting in a decrease in the oil permeability of the fuel oil filter. Therefore, in fuel oil compositions using fatty acid alkyl esters as base materials, there can be a trade-off between combustion performance and environmental performance due to ultra-low sulfur content, and oil permeability after storage at room temperature (hereinafter also referred to as "storage stability").

[0007] Incidentally, when a fuel oil composition is used in a ship, particularly in a diesel engine of a ship, the fuel oil filter is likely to be clogged with sludge due to aggregation of asphaltene during normal use, and the frequency of clogging tends to increase. Furthermore, when the fuel oil composition is used after long-term storage in a fuel oil tank or the like on board the ship, sludge tends to be easily generated, and the frequency of clogging tends to increase even more.

[0008] Although fuel oils and the like that satisfy the aforementioned ISO 8217 are known as marine fuel oil compositions, they may cause clogging of fuel oil filters. Known methods for reducing the frequency of clogging include reducing potential sediment (total sediment aged, ISO 10307-2) to 0.10% by mass or less and reducing actual sediment (total sediment by hot filtration, ISO 10307-1) to 0.10% by mass or less. However, marine fuel oils, particularly distillate oils, do not have sufficient oil permeability through fuel oil filters after storage at room temperature, and there is a demand for a fuel oil composition that can further reduce the frequency of clogging, i.e., has excellent storage stability.

[0009] In Japan, it is known that the Japan Fisheries Federation's fishing boat fuel oil standard stipulates that the water content and dry sludge content of fuel oil for fishing boats be set to a predetermined level or less in order to reduce the frequency of blockage in heavy oil A for fishing boats. Thus, fuel oil compositions for ships used both domestically and overseas are being required to further reduce the frequency of blockage, and requirements for oil passing performance are becoming stricter every year.

[0010] The fuel oil compositions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 focus on reducing unburned matter (smoke) and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gases, improving calorific value and reducing soot concentrations in combustion exhaust gases, and improving sludge stability through the use of reduced sulfur and carbon residue additives. However, they do not focus on improving not only combustion performance but also oil permeability (storage stability) after storage at room temperature, and there is room for improvement in this area in particular. Furthermore, ISO 8217 specifies standards for marine distillate oils with a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of 7% by volume or less, but makes no mention of low-sulfur heavy oil A with a fatty acid alkyl ester content exceeding 7% by volume. Furthermore, low-sulfur heavy oil A with a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content exceeding 7% by volume is prone to clogging of fuel oil filters when used after storage at room temperature, and therefore cannot be said to have excellent fuel oil filter permeability (storage stability). Therefore, further improvements are required to improve the oil permeability (storage stability) by reducing the frequency of blockage of fuel oil filters when used after storage at room temperature.

[0011] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a fuel oil composition which contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thereby has excellent combustion performance, an ultra-low sulfur content, excellent environmental performance, and also has excellent storage stability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] The present inventors have conducted extensive research in light of the above problems and have found that the problems can be solved by the following invention. That is, the present invention provides a fuel oil composition having the following composition.

[0013] [1] A fuel oil composition comprising a fatty acid alkyl ester satisfying all of the following (a1) to (a3) and a cracked light oil fraction, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester being from 15.0 to 35.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, and the content of the cracked light oil fraction being from 2.5 to less than 20.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, and satisfying all of the following (1) to (5): (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 2.000mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.100% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 2.1% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less. [2] The fuel oil composition according to the above [1], wherein the cracked light oil fraction satisfies all of the following (b1) to (b4): (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more [3] The fuel oil composition according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester. [4] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein the fatty acid is a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids each having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. [5] The fuel oil composition according to [4] above, wherein the mixed fatty acid is obtained from at least one raw material selected from animal oils and vegetable oils. [6] The fuel oil composition according to [5] above, wherein the raw material is waste cooking oil. [7] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [6], further comprising a kerosene fraction that satisfies all of the following (c1) to (c4): (c1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 0.945 mm 2 / s or more 1.150mm 2 / s or less (c2) Sulfur content is 3.0 mass ppm or more and 100.0 mass ppm or less (c3) Aromatic content is 15.0% by volume or more (c4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 0.5% by volume or less [8] The fuel oil composition according to any one of the above [1] to [7], which is used in an internal combustion engine. [9] A method for producing a fuel oil composition that satisfies all of the following (1) to (5), comprising mixing a fatty acid alkyl ester, which is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and which satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), with a cracked light oil fraction so that the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is from 15.0 to 35.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition, and the content of the cracked light oil fraction is from 2.5 to less than 20.0 vol% based on the total volume of the composition. (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 2.000mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.100% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 2.1% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

[10] The method for producing a fuel oil composition according to the above [9], wherein the cracked light oil fraction satisfies all of the following (b1) to (b4): (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more

[11] The method for producing a fuel oil composition according to the above [9] or

[10] , further comprising mixing a kerosene fraction that satisfies all of the following (c1) to (c4): (c1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 0.945 mm 2 / s or more 1.150mm 2 / s or less (c2) Sulfur content is 3.0 mass ppm or more and 100.0 mass ppm or less (c3) Aromatic content is 15.0% by volume or more (c4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 0.5% by volume or less [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fuel oil composition that contains a fatty acid alkyl ester and thus has excellent combustion performance, is ultra-low in sulfur, and is therefore environmentally friendly, as well as has excellent storage stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, a fuel oil composition according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as "the present embodiment") will be specifically described. In this specification, the values of "less than," "greater than," and "to" in describing a numerical range are values that can be arbitrarily combined. For example, when a certain numerical range is described as "A to B" and "C to D," the numerical ranges "A to D" and "C to B" are also included. Furthermore, the numerical values in the examples are values that can be used as upper or lower limits.

[0016] [Fuel oil composition] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester that satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3) and a cracked light oil fraction, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is from 15.0 to 35.0 vol%, and the content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is from 2.5 to less than 20.0 vol%, and the fuel oil composition satisfies all of the following (1) to (5): (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 2.000mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.100% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 2.1% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

[0017] (Composition and properties of fuel oil composition) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment satisfies the composition and properties specified in the following (1) to (5). (1) Density at 15°C The density of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 15 ° C. is 0.8600 g / cm 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 If the density at 15°C is not within the above range, the combustion performance and total calorific value may decrease.

[0018] From the viewpoint of improving storage stability and combustion performance, and further improving the total calorific value, the density of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 15°C is preferably 0.8630 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8660 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8670 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8690 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.8780 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8750 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8720 g / cm 3 The following is the result. In this specification, the density at 15°C is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2249-1:2011 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of density - Part 1: vibration method).

[0019] (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment at 50 ° C. is 2.000 mm 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 If the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is not within the above range, the combustion performance may be reduced. In addition, the composition may not be suitable for use in various devices such as pumps and flow meters, and lubricity may not be ensured, making it impossible to use the composition as a fuel oil composition.

[0020] By making it easier to set the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment within the above range, combustion performance can be improved, making it easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment, and from the viewpoint of improving lubricity, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is preferably 2.800 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 3.680 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 3.700 mm 2 / s or more, and even more preferably 3.750 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 4,300 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 4.100 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 3.900 mm 2 / s or less. In this specification, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2283:2000 (Testing method for kinematic viscosity of crude oil and petroleum products).

[0021] (3) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.100% by mass or less. The fuel oil composition of this embodiment has an ultra-low sulfur content within the above range, and is therefore a fuel oil composition with excellent environmental performance. If the sulfur content is not within the above range, corrosion may occur due to an increase in sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas, and the environmental load may increase, resulting in a decrease in environmental performance. In consideration of suppressing the occurrence of corrosion and improving environmental performance, the sulfur content is preferably 0.080% by mass or less, more preferably 0.060% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.055% by mass or less. Furthermore, the lower the sulfur content, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, but from the viewpoint of improving storage stability and lubricity, it is usually 0.01% by mass or more. In this specification, the sulfur content of components other than fatty acid alkyl esters and kerosene fractions is measured using a measurement method selected according to the content, and when the content is 0.01 to 5 mass%, it is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-4:2003 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 4: Radioactive excitation method).

[0022] (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings The content of aromatics with three or more rings in the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 2.1% by volume or more. If the content of aromatics with three or more rings is not within the above range, storage stability will decrease. In particular, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in storage stability due to the use of fatty acid alkyl esters and improving the storage stability of the fuel oil composition, the content is preferably 2.2% by volume or more, more preferably 2.3% by volume or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is usually 5.0% by volume or less. In this specification, the aromatic content (monocyclic aromatic content, bicyclic aromatic content, and tricyclic or higher aromatic content), as well as the saturated content and olefin content, are values measured by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography method specified in JPI-5S-49-2007, Petroleum Products - Hydrocarbon Type Testing Method.

[0023] (5) Carbon residue in 10% residual oil The carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less. If the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil exceeds 0.60% by mass, it becomes difficult to maintain combustion performance, sludge is more likely to form, and storage stability deteriorates. Furthermore, by setting the carbon residue content to 0.21% by mass or more, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be treated as heavy oil A and is exempt from the diesel oil delivery tax, thereby providing tax benefits. From the perspective of improving combustion performance and storage stability and taking tax benefits into consideration, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil is preferably 0.22% by mass or more, more preferably 0.25% by mass or more, even more preferably 0.30% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.36% by mass or more, with the upper limit being preferably 0.50% by mass or less, more preferably 0.45% by mass or less, even more preferably 0.40% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.38% by mass or less. In this specification, the carbon residue of 10% residual oil is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Part 2: Micro method) using 10% residual oil prepared in accordance with Appendix A.

[0024] In addition to the properties and composition of (1) to (5) above, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment preferably satisfies at least one of the following (6) to (12), and particularly preferably satisfies all of the following (6) to (12):

[0025] (6) Flash point From the viewpoint of safety in handling, the flash point of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 60.0°C or higher, more preferably 65.0°C or higher, even more preferably 65.5°C or higher, and still more preferably 66.0°C or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 100.0°C or lower. In this specification, the flash points of substances other than fatty acid alkyl esters are values measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-3:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Flash point test method - Part 3: Pensky-Martens closed-cell method).

[0026] (7) Cetane number The cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 39.0 or more, more preferably 39.2 or more, and even more preferably 39.5 or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is usually 45.0 or less. When the cetane number is within the above range, combustion performance is improved. In this specification, the cetane number is a value determined in accordance with JIS K 2280-4:2013 (Petroleum products -- Determination of octane number, cetane number and cetane index -- Part 4: Cetane number).

[0027] (8) Moisture content The water content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. When the water content is within this range, the generation of sludge due to an emulsion of asphaltene and water and the occurrence of freezing during storage at room temperature can be suppressed, thereby reducing the frequency of blockage in fuel oil filters and improving storage stability. In this specification, the water content other than fatty acid alkyl esters is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-1:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of water content - Part 1: Distillation method).

[0028] (9) Copper Plate Corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 1 or less (1a or 1b) in terms of the classification of copper plate in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary equipment such as fuel oil tanks, piping, diesel engines, and equipped pumps can be prevented, thereby enabling more stable operation of various equipment such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. In this specification, copper plate corrosion is measured in accordance with JIS K 2513:2000 (Petroleum products - Copper plate corrosion test method) at a test temperature of 50°C and for a test time of 3 hours.

[0029] (10) Acid value The acid value of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 0.05 mg KOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mg KOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mg KOH / g being particularly preferred. When the acid value is within the above range, sludge formation can be suppressed, thereby reducing the frequency of blockage in fuel oil filters, improving storage stability and further suppressing corrosion of components such as storage tanks and piping during storage at room temperature. In this specification, the acid value is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2501:2003 (Petroleum products and lubricants - Test method for neutralization number).

[0030] (11) Pour point The pour point of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably −0.0° C. or lower, more preferably −2.5° C. or lower, even more preferably −5.0° C. or lower, and even more preferably −7.5° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −35.0° C. or higher. If the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in storage tanks and piping at low temperatures is improved, and handleability is also improved. In this specification, the pour point is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2269:1987 (Testing method for pour point and cloud point of crude oil and petroleum products).

[0031] (12)Nitrogen content The nitrogen content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment is preferably 200 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 190 ppm by mass or less, and even more preferably 185 ppm by mass or less. There is no particular lower limit, but it is usually 30 ppm by mass or more. If the nitrogen content is within the above range, NOx emissions can be reduced, thereby improving environmental performance. In this specification, the nitrogen content is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2609:1998 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination method for nitrogen content).

[0032] (fatty acid alkyl esters) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment satisfies all of the following (a1) to (a3), and contains a fatty acid alkyl ester, which is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in an amount of from 15.0 to 35.0% by volume based on the total volume of the composition. (a1) Cetane number is 49.0 or more (a2) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a3) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less

[0033] (a1) Cetane number The cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 49.0 or higher. Fatty acid alkyl esters are known as oils with high cetane numbers, and the use of fatty acid alkyl esters can improve the cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, thereby improving combustion performance. Therefore, if the cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is less than 49.0, the effect of improving the cetane number of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment cannot be sufficiently obtained, and combustion performance may be reduced. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance, the cetane number of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50.0 or more, more preferably 51.0 or more. There is no particular upper limit, and it is usually 70.0 or less.

[0034] (a2) Acid value The acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 0.50 mgKOH / g or less. If the acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is not within the above range, the suppression of sludge formation will increase the frequency of clogging in fuel oil filters, resulting in reduced storage stability and possibly corrosion of components such as storage tanks and piping during storage at room temperature. From the viewpoint of improving storage stability and suppressing corrosion of components, the acid value of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 0.48 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 0.47 mgKOH / g or less, and even more preferably 0.46 mgKOH / g or less. There is no particular lower limit, and the acid value is usually 0.05 mgKOH / g or more.

[0035] (a3) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil The carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of the fatty acid alkyl ester is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less. If the carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of the fatty acid alkyl ester is not within this range, the storage stability will be reduced. For example, if it is less than 0.80% by mass, components that contribute to storage stability will be removed during the refining stage of the fatty acid alkyl ester, which is thought to result in a reduction in storage stability. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.50% by mass, excessive polymerization products will be produced in the esterification reaction between the specified fatty acid and the alkyl alcohol, which is thought to lead to increased clogging of the fuel oil filter and reduced storage stability. Furthermore, if the carbon residue of the 10% residual oil of the fatty acid alkyl ester is not within the above range, it will be difficult to achieve a carbon residue of 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less in the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, which will likely result in reduced combustion performance and storage stability.

[0036] In order to facilitate the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment to be 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less and to improve combustion performance and storage stability, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 0.85% by mass or more, more preferably 0.90% by mass or more, even more preferably 1.00% by mass or more, still more preferably 1.05% by mass or more, with the upper limit being preferably 1.40% by mass or less, more preferably 1.30% by mass or less, even more preferably 1.20% by mass or less, and still more preferably 1.10% by mass or less. In addition, it becomes easier to enjoy tax benefits.

[0037] (fatty acids and alkyl alcohols) In a broad sense, a fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid and an alkyl alcohol, and the fatty acid alkyl ester used in this embodiment is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and satisfies all of the above (a1) to (a3).

[0038] The fatty acid may be either saturated or unsaturated. Among fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, representative examples of saturated fatty acids include caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecylic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosylic acid, and behenic acid.

[0039] Representative preferred examples of unsaturated fatty acids include monounsaturated fatty acids such as myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and erucic acid; and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, mead acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosadienoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid.

[0040] The fatty acid may be one kind or a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds, and the fatty acid alkyl ester may be any of the above (a1) to (a3) and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) and improves combustion performance and storage stability, it is preferable to use a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds. That is, as described below, it is preferable to use two or more fatty acid alkyl esters using a mixed fatty acid containing two or more kinds. Furthermore, the above fatty acids are representative examples of straight-chain fatty acids, but the fatty acids may be either straight-chain or branched-chain fatty acids as long as they have 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0041] Examples of alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Propanol and butanol may have a straight chain or a branched chain. The fatty acid alkyl esters are selected from the above (a1) to (a3) and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) to improve combustion performance and storage stability, and to facilitate the production of the fatty acid alkyl ester, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less; more preferably, methanol or ethanol is more preferred, and particularly preferably methanol. Therefore, fatty acid methyl ester is particularly preferred as the fatty acid alkyl ester used in this embodiment.

[0042] In this embodiment, the fatty acid alkyl ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more. 11 ) and improve the combustion performance and storage stability, it is preferable to use two or more of them in combination. Examples of combinations of two or more include two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from two or more fatty acids and one alkyl alcohol, two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from one fatty acid and two or more alkyl alcohols, and two or more fatty acid alkyl esters formed from two or more fatty acids and two or more alkyl alcohols, and any of these may be used in this embodiment.

[0043] The fatty acid alkyl esters are selected from the above (a1) to (a3) and the following (a4) to (a 11 ) and improve the combustion performance and storage stability, it is preferable to use two or more fatty acid alkyl esters composed of two or more fatty acids and one alkyl alcohol. When two or more fatty acids are used, for example, the fatty acids exemplified above may be mixed and used, or a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids may be used. Preferred examples of mixed fatty acids include fatty acids obtained from raw materials such as animal oils, vegetable oils, etc. The use of fatty acids derived from animals and plants obtained from these animal and vegetable oils as raw materials can contribute to the suppression of global warming by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and is therefore extremely useful from the perspective of environmental protection.

[0044] Typical preferred animal oils that can be used as raw materials for mixed fatty acids include beef tallow, lard, mutton tallow, whale oil, fish oil, and liver oil, while typical preferred vegetable oils include linseed oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, and rice bran oil. When using a naturally occurring raw material such as an animal oil or a vegetable oil, a pretreatment may be carried out as necessary before preparing a fatty acid alkyl ester by esterification with an alkyl alcohol. For example, the pretreatment may be carried out by purification such as distillation or clay treatment.

[0045] When two or more fatty acids are used, the two or more fatty acid alkyl esters preferably include fatty acid alkyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols, and among the unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms, it is more preferable to include fatty acid alkyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, i.e., oleic acid alkyl esters, linoleic acid alkyl esters, and linolenic acid alkyl esters. In this case, the total content of the fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol contained in the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, even more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is recommended to set it to 95% by mass or less. When the total content of the fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms is within the above range, the fatty acid alkyl ester can be prepared by the above (a1) to (a3) and further the following (a4) to (a 11 ) can be easily satisfied, thereby improving combustion performance and storage stability.

[0046] As the raw material of the mixed fatty acid, vegetable oil is preferred, and rapeseed oil is particularly preferred.Furthermore, as the raw material of the mixed fatty acid, waste edible oil is preferred, waste edible oil containing vegetable oil is more preferred, and vegetable oil containing rapeseed oil, i.e., waste edible oil containing rapeseed oil is even more preferred.By adopting waste edible oil as the animal and vegetable oil, it is possible to avoid competition with food and also to protect the environment by reusing waste. Like the above-mentioned naturally occurring raw materials such as animal oils and vegetable oils, waste edible oils may be pretreated, if necessary, before being esterified with alkyl alcohol to prepare fatty acid alkyl esters. For example, pretreatment by purification such as distillation or clay treatment may be performed.

[0047] In the present embodiment, when fatty acids derived from animals or plants are used as the mixed fatty acids, fatty acids other than fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, i.e., fatty acids having from 7 to 23 carbon atoms, may be contained. In this case, the content of fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms contained in the mixed fatty acids is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 92% by mass or more, and even more preferably 95% by mass or more. That is, the content of fatty acids other than fatty acids having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and even more preferably 5% by mass or less. The lower limit is preferably the lower the better, and there is no particular restriction, but it is usually 0.5% by mass or more.

[0048] In addition to the properties and composition of the above (a1) to (a3), the fatty acid alkyl ester further has the following properties (a4) to (a 11 ) and preferably satisfies at least one of the following (a4) to (a 11 ) is preferably satisfied.

[0049] (a4) Density at 15°C The density of the fatty acid alkyl ester at 15°C is preferably 0.8700 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8800 g / cm 3 More than 0.8830g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.9000 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8900 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8880 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the density at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be made to be 0.8600 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 Therefore, the combustion performance and storage stability are improved, and the total calorific value is also improved.

[0050] (a5) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the fatty acid alkyl ester at 50°C is preferably 3.000 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 3.200 mm2 / s or more, more preferably 3,500 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 4,500 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 4.200 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 3.800 mm 2 When the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be made to be 2.000 mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less, improving combustion performance, making it easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment such as pumps and flow meters, and improving lubricity.

[0051] (a6) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 3 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 2.5 ppm by mass or less, and there is no particular limit to the lower limit, since the lower limit is the better. If the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily reduced to 0.100% by mass or less, which can further suppress the occurrence of corrosion and achieve ultra-low sulfur content, improving environmental performance. In this specification, the sulfur content of fatty acid alkyl esters and kerosene fractions is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-6:2013 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 6: ultraviolet fluorescence method).

[0052] (a7) Flash point From the viewpoint of safety in handling, the flash point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 100.0° C. or higher, more preferably 130.0° C. or higher, and even more preferably 150.0° C. or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 200.0° C. or lower. In this specification, the flash point of a fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-2:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Flash point test method - Part 2: rapid equilibrium closed-cell method).

[0053] (a8) Moisture content The water content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably 1000 mg / kg or less, more preferably 500 mg / kg or less, and even more preferably 250 mg / kg or less. The lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually 100 mg / kg or more. When the water content is within the above range, sludge formation and freezing can be suppressed, and the frequency of clogging can be reduced, thereby improving storage stability. In this specification, the water content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-2:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of water content - Part 2: Karl Fischer volumetric titration method).

[0054] (a9) Copper plate corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably categorized as 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary machinery can be prevented, enabling more stable operation of various devices such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines.

[0055] (a 10 ) Pour point The pour point of the fatty acid alkyl ester is preferably −0.0° C. or lower, more preferably −2.5° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −20.0° C. or higher. When the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in storage tanks and piping at low temperatures is improved, and handleability is also improved.

[0056] (a 11 ) Compositional analysis The composition of fatty acid alkyl esters can be analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (FID) in accordance with "2.4.21.3-77 Fatty acid composition (FID temperature-programmed gas chromatography method)" of the Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1993). As described above, the fatty acid alkyl ester preferably comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester of an alkyl alcohol with a mixed fatty acid containing at least an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms, particularly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The total content of the mixed fatty acid containing at least oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid and the fatty acid alkyl ester of an alkyl alcohol based on the total amount of fatty acid alkyl esters is, as described above, preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, even more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 80% by mass or more. There is no particular upper limit, but it is recommended that it be 95% by mass or less.

[0057] When the fatty acid alkyl ester contains two or more types of fatty acid alkyl esters, it is preferable that they contain at least an oleic acid alkyl ester, a linoleic acid alkyl ester, and a linolenic acid alkyl ester (a fatty acid alkyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol), as described above. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the composition further contains stearic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), and even more preferable that the composition further contains palmitic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 16 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), and even more preferable that the composition further contains arachidic acid alkyl esters and erucic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of saturated fatty acids having 20 and 22 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), as well as eicosenoic acid alkyl esters and behenic acid alkyl esters (fatty acid alkyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids having 20 and 22 carbon atoms and alkyl alcohols), and even more preferable that the composition further contains at least one selected from caprylic acid alkyl esters, capric acid alkyl esters, lauric acid alkyl esters, and myristate alkyl esters.

[0058] (Fatty acid alkyl ester content) The content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is 15.0% by volume or more and 35.0% by volume or less. If the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester is less than 15.0% by volume, combustion performance will decrease, and if it exceeds 35.0% by volume, storage stability will decrease. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and storage stability, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 17.5% by volume or more, and the upper limit is preferably 32.5% by volume or less, more preferably 30.0% by volume or less, and even more preferably 25.0% by volume or less.

[0059] (Cracked gas oil fraction) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains a cracked gas oil fraction in an amount of 2.5% by volume or more and less than 20.0% by volume based on the total volume of the composition. The cracked gas oil fraction is a catalytically cracked gas oil fraction obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue. Of the above fractions, the cracked gas oil fraction used in this embodiment is preferably one that satisfies all of the following (b1) to (b4): (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C is 1.700 mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 / s or less (b2) Sulfur content is 0.400% by mass or less (b3) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more

[0060] (b1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C The kinematic viscosity of the cracked light oil fraction at 50°C is 1.700mm 2 / s or more 3.600mm 2 When the kinematic viscosity at 50°C is within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 50°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be reduced to 2.000 mm / s or less. 2 / s or more 4.500mm 2 / s or less, improving combustion performance, making it easier to adapt to the range of use of various equipment such as pumps and flow meters, and improving lubricity. From the same viewpoint, it is preferable to use 1.900 mm. 2 / s or more, preferably 2.100 mm 2 / s or more, and the upper limit is preferably 3,400 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 3.200 mm 2 / s or less.

[0061] (b2) Sulfur content The sulfur content of the cracked diesel fraction is preferably 0.400% by mass or less. When the sulfur content is within the above range, the sulfur content of the fuel oil composition of the present embodiment can be easily reduced to 0.100% by mass or less, which can further suppress the occurrence of corrosion and achieve ultra-low sulfur content, improving environmental performance. From the same viewpoint, the sulfur content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.300% by mass or less, more preferably 0.250% by mass or less, and the lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and although there is no particular limit, it is usually 0.050% by mass or more.

[0062] (b3) Aromatic content The aromatic content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 50.0% by volume or more. Here, the aromatic content refers to the total content of one-ring aromatics, two-ring aromatics, and three- or more-ring aromatics. When the aromatic content is within the above range, storage stability and combustion performance are improved. From the same viewpoint, the aromatic content of the cracked gas oil fraction is preferably 60.0% by volume or more, more preferably 65.0% by volume or more, with the upper limit being preferably 85.0% by volume or less.

[0063] (b4) Aromatic content with 3 or more rings The content of aromatic compounds having three or more rings in the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 5.0% by volume or more. If the content of aromatic compounds having three or more rings is within the above range, the content of aromatic compounds having three or more rings in the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily made 2.9% by volume or more, thereby improving storage stability. From the same viewpoint, it is preferably 6.0% by volume or more, more preferably 7.0% by volume or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 15.0% by volume or less.

[0064] The cracked gas oil fraction has the following properties and compositions (b1) to (b4) in addition to the properties and compositions (b5) to (b6) below. 14 ) and preferably satisfies at least one of the following (b5) to (b 14 ) is preferably satisfied.

[0065] (b5) Density at 15°C The density of the cracked gas oil fraction at 15°C is preferably 0.9000 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9100 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9120 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.9400 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.9300 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9200 g / cm 3 When the density at 15°C is within the above range, the kinematic viscosity at 15°C of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be reduced to 0.8600 g / cm or less. 3 More than 0.8800g / cm 3 As a result, the storage stability and combustion performance are improved, and the total calorific value is also improved.

[0066] (b6) Flash point From the viewpoint of improving safety in handling, the flash point of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 60.0° C. or higher, more preferably 65.0° C. or higher, and more preferably 70.0° C. or higher. There is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 100.0° C. or lower.

[0067] (b7) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil The carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, with the upper limit preferably being 0.20% by mass or less. When the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil is within the above range, the carbon residue content of the 10% residual oil of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be easily adjusted to 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, thereby improving combustion performance and storage stability. In addition, it becomes easier to enjoy tax benefits.

[0068] (b8) Cetane number The cetane number of the cracked gas oil fraction is preferably 20.0 or more, more preferably 25.0 or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually not more than 50.0. If the cetane number is within the above range, combustion performance is improved.

[0069] (b9) Moisture content The water content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. When the water content is within the above range, sludge formation and freezing can be suppressed, and the frequency of clogging can be reduced, thereby improving storage stability.

[0070] (b 10 ) Copper plate corrosion The copper plate corrosion of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 1 or less (1a or 1b) in terms of the classification of copper plate in the copper plate evaluation, and more preferably 1a. If the copper plate corrosion is 1 or less, corrosion of various auxiliary machinery can be prevented, thereby enabling more stable operation of various equipment such as internal combustion engines and external combustion engines.

[0071] (b 11 ) Acid value The acid value of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 0.05 mg KOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mg KOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mg KOH / g being particularly preferred. When the acid value is within the above range, storage stability is improved and corrosion of components can be suppressed.

[0072] (b 12 ) Pour point The pour point of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably −10.0° C. or lower, more preferably −12.5° C. or lower, and even more preferably −15.0° C. or lower, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually −35.0° C. or higher. If the pour point is within the above range, the fluidity in storage tanks and piping at low temperatures is improved, and handleability is also improved.

[0073] (b 13 )Nitrogen content The nitrogen content of the cracked light oil fraction is preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 400 ppm by mass or less, and even more preferably 300 ppm by mass or less. Although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually 50 ppm by mass or more. If the nitrogen content is within the above range, NOx emissions can be reduced, thereby improving environmental performance.

[0074] (b 14 ) Distillation properties As for the distillation properties of the cracked light oil fraction, the 10% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 170.0°C or higher, more preferably 180.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 195.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 230.0°C or lower, more preferably 220.0°C or lower, and even more preferably 210.0°C or lower. The 50% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 240.0°C or higher, more preferably 250.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 260.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 300.0°C or lower, more preferably 285.0°C or lower, and even more preferably 270.0°C or lower. The 90% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 310.0°C or higher, more preferably 320.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 330.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 370.0°C or lower, more preferably 355.0°C or lower, and even more preferably 340.0°C or lower. When the distillation properties of the cracked light oil fraction are the above 10% by volume distillation temperature, 50% by volume distillation temperature and 90% by volume distillation temperature, the effects of low boiling point components and high boiling point components are suppressed, improving combustion performance. In this specification, the 10% by volume distillation temperature, 50% by volume distillation temperature, and 90% by volume distillation temperature of the distillation properties are values measured in accordance with JIS K2254:2018 (Petroleum products - Determination of distillation properties - (atmospheric pressure method)).

[0075] (Content of cracked diesel fraction) The content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is 2.5% by volume or more and less than 20.0% by volume. If the content of the cracked light oil fraction is less than 2.5% by volume, storage stability will decrease, and if it is 20.0% by volume or more, combustion performance will decrease. From the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and storage stability, the content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 4.0% by volume or more, more preferably 5.0% by volume or more, even more preferably 7.5% by volume or more, with the upper limit being preferably 17.5% by volume or less, more preferably 15.0% by volume or less, even more preferably 12.5% by volume or less.

[0076] (Other diesel and kerosene fractions) In addition to the cracked light oil fraction, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment may also contain light oil fractions such as a directly desulfurized light oil fraction, a directly run light oil fraction, a vacuum light oil fraction, a desulfurized light oil fraction, and a desulfurized cracked light oil fraction, as well as kerosene fractions such as a directly run kerosene fraction and a desulfurized kerosene fraction. Of these light oil fractions and kerosene fractions, the directly desulfurized light oil fraction and the desulfurized kerosene fraction are preferred from the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and storage stability by combining them with fatty acid alkyl esters and cracked light oil fractions, and it is preferable to use these directly desulfurized light oil fractions and desulfurized kerosene fractions in combination. Directly desulfurized diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by directly desulfurizing atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue in a desulfurization unit) Straight-run diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) Vacuum diesel fraction (a diesel fraction obtained by vacuum distilling atmospheric distillation residue in a vacuum distillation unit) Desulfurized diesel fraction (diesel fraction obtained by desulfurizing straight-run diesel fraction and / or vacuum diesel fraction) Desulfurized cracked diesel fraction (a diesel fraction obtained by desulfurizing the cracked diesel fraction obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue) Straight-run kerosene fraction (kerosene fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) Desulfurized kerosene fraction (kerosene fraction obtained by desulfurizing straight-run kerosene fraction)

[0077] (Properties of other kerosene fractions) The other kerosene fractions that can be used in this embodiment preferably satisfy all of the following (c1) to (c4): When the other kerosene fractions have the following properties, excellent combustion performance and storage stability are more likely to be obtained.

[0078] (c1) The kinematic viscosity at 50°C is preferably 0.945 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 0.975 mm 2 / s or more, with the upper limit preferably being 1.150 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 1.000 mm 2 / s or less. The sulfur content (c2) is preferably 100.0 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 10.0 ppm by mass or less. The lower limit is preferably as low as possible, and is not particularly limited, but is usually 3.0 ppm by mass or more. (c3) The aromatic content is preferably 15.0% by volume or more, more preferably 18.0% by volume or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 40.0% by volume or less. (c4) The content of aromatic components with three or more rings is preferably 0.5% by volume or less, and there is no particular lower limit, such as 0.0% by volume, and aromatic components with three or more rings may not be contained.

[0079] The above other kerosene fractions have the properties and compositions (c1) to (c4) above, and further have the following properties (c5) to (c 14 ) and preferably satisfies at least one of the following (c5) to (c 14 ) is preferably satisfied.

[0080] (c5) The density at 15°C is preferably 0.7880 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.7883 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.8030 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8000 g / cm 3 The following is the result. (c6) The flash point is preferably 40.0°C or higher, more preferably 41.0°C or higher. (c7) The residual carbon content of the 10% residual oil is preferably 0.05% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or less, with no particular lower limit, and may be 0.0% by mass. (c8) The cetane number is preferably 40.0 or more, more preferably 43.0 or more, and even more preferably 45.0 or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 60.0 or less. (c9) The water content is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, and more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. (c 10 ) Copper plate corrosion is preferably classified as 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the copper plate evaluation, and is preferably classified as 1a. (c 11 The acid value is preferably 0.05 mg KOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mg KOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mg KOH / g being particularly preferred. (c 12 The pour point is preferably −30.0° C. or lower, with no particular lower limit. (c 13 The nitrogen content is preferably 3 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 1 ppm by mass or less, with no particular lower limit. (c 14 Regarding distillation properties, the 10% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 155.0°C or higher, more preferably 160.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 190.0°C or lower, more preferably 175.0°C or lower. The 50% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 170.0°C or higher, more preferably 180.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 220.0°C or lower, more preferably 200.0°C or lower. The 90% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 210.0°C or higher, more preferably 225.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 260.0°C or lower, more preferably 240.0°C or lower.

[0081] (Kerosene fraction content) When the fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains a kerosene fraction, the content of the kerosene fraction based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, more preferably 1.0% by volume or more, and even more preferably 3.0% by volume or more, with the upper limit being preferably 15.0% by volume or less, more preferably 10.0% by volume or less, and even more preferably 7.5% by volume or less. When the content of the kerosene fraction is within the above range, combustion performance, storage stability, and environmental performance can be improved.

[0082] (Properties of other diesel fractions) The other diesel fractions that can be used in this embodiment preferably have the following properties: When the other diesel fractions have the following properties, excellent combustion performance and storage stability are more likely to be obtained. The kinematic viscosity at 50°C is preferably 2.900 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 4,000 mm 2 / s or more, with the upper limit preferably being 5,000 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 4.400 mm 2 / s or less. The sulfur content is preferably 0.40% by mass or less, more preferably 0.10% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, with the lower limit being preferably as low as possible, and typically 0.01% by mass. The aromatic content is preferably 40.0% by volume or more, more preferably 42.0% by volume or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 65.0% by volume or less. The content of aromatic components having three or more rings is preferably 2.0% by volume or more, more preferably 2.3% by volume or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 5.0% by volume or less. The density at 15°C is preferably 0.8500 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.8600 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.8800 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.8700 g / cm 3 The following is the result. The flash point is preferably 60.0°C or higher, more preferably 65.0°C or higher. The residual carbon content of the 10% residual oil is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and the upper limit is preferably 0.10% by mass or less. The cetane number is preferably 35.0 or more, more preferably 38.0 or more, and there is no particular upper limit, but it is usually 60.0 or less. The water content is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. The copper plate corrosion is preferably classified as 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the copper plate evaluation, and is preferably classified as 1a. The acid value is preferably 0.05 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably less than 0.05 mgKOH / g. The smaller the acid value, the better, and there is no particular lower limit, with 0.0 mgKOH / g being particularly preferred. The pour point is preferably −0.0° C. or lower, more preferably −2.5° C. or lower. The nitrogen content is preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 400 ppm by mass or less, and even more preferably 300 ppm by mass or less, and although there is no particular lower limit, it is usually 50 ppm by mass or more. As for distillation properties, the 10% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 180.0°C or higher, more preferably 200.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 250.0°C or lower, more preferably 230.0°C or lower. The 50% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 250.0°C or higher, more preferably 265.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 310.0°C or lower, more preferably 300.0°C or lower. The 90% by volume distillation temperature is preferably 310.0°C or higher, more preferably 330.0°C or higher, with the upper limit being preferably 370.0°C or lower, more preferably 360.0°C or lower.

[0083] (Other diesel fraction content) When the fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains other diesel fractions, the content of the other diesel fractions based on the total volume of the composition is preferably 30.0% by volume or more, more preferably 40.0% by volume or more, and even more preferably 50.0% by volume or more, with the upper limit being preferably 85.0% by volume or less, more preferably 80.0% by volume or less, and even more preferably 75.0% by volume or less. When the content of the other diesel fractions is within the above range, combustion performance, storage stability, and environmental performance can be improved.

[0084] (Other heavy oil fractions) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment may also contain atmospheric distillation residue, vacuum distillation residue, directly decomposed heavy oil fraction, and cracked heavy oil. Among these heavy oil fractions, atmospheric distillation residue is preferred from the viewpoint of improving combustion performance and storage stability by combining it with fatty acid alkyl esters and cracked light oil fraction. Atmospheric distillation residue (residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil in an atmospheric distillation unit) Vacuum distillation residue (residual oil obtained by vacuum distilling atmospheric distillation residue in a vacuum distillation unit) Directly desulfurized heavy oil fraction (heavy oil fraction obtained by directly desulfurizing atmospheric distillation residue and / or vacuum distillation residue in a desulfurization unit) Cracked heavy oil fraction (heavy oil fraction obtained by fluid catalytic cracking of directly decomposed heavy oil fraction)

[0085] (Properties of other heavy oil fractions) The other heavy oil fractions that can be used in this embodiment preferably have the following properties. When the other heavy oil fractions have the following properties, excellent combustion performance and storage stability are more likely to be obtained. The kinematic viscosity at 50°C is preferably 200.0 mm 2 / s or less, preferably 190.0 mm 2 / s or less, and there is no particular lower limit, usually 100.00 mm 2 / s or more. The sulfur content is preferably 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 2.75% by mass or less, and there is no particular lower limit, but it is usually 0.50% by mass or more. The density at 15°C is preferably 0.9100 g / cm 3 More preferably, 0.9300 g / cm 3 The upper limit is preferably 0.9850 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.9600 g / cm 3 The following is the result. The water content is preferably 0.10% by volume or less, more preferably less than 0.10% by volume. The copper plate corrosion is preferably classified as 1 or less (1a or 1b) in the copper plate evaluation, and is preferably classified as 1a. The carbon residue is preferably 12.0% by mass or less, more preferably 9.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 7.5% by mass or less, with the lower limit being preferably 3.0% by mass or more, and more preferably 5.0% by mass or more. In this specification, the carbon residue is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Part 2: Micro method).

[0086] (Other heavy oil fraction content) When the fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains other heavy oil fractions, the content of the other heavy oil fractions based on the total amount of the composition is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, with the upper limit being preferably 3.0% by volume or less, more preferably 1.0% by volume or less, and even more preferably 0.4% by volume or less. When the content of the other heavy oil fractions is within the above range, combustion performance, storage stability, and environmental performance can be improved.

[0087] (Various additives) To the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, various additives such as antioxidants, low-temperature fluidity improvers, lubricity improvers, cetane number improvers, combustion promoters, detergents, sludge dispersants, antifungal agents, etc. may be appropriately selected and blended as needed within the range that allows the above-mentioned various properties to be maintained. Furthermore, coumarin may be blended from the viewpoint of diesel oil delivery tax.

[0088] (Application) The fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be used in both internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, but in consideration of its excellent combustion performance and storage stability, it is preferably used in internal combustion engines. Furthermore, in consideration of the above-mentioned properties of the fuel oil composition of this embodiment, it is particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines.

[0089] [Method for producing fuel oil composition] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment can be produced by mixing the above-mentioned fatty acid alkyl ester and cracked light oil fraction, and, if necessary, other light oil fractions, kerosene fractions, heavy oil fractions, and various additives, so that the contents of the fatty acid alkyl ester and cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition are 15.0% by volume or more and 35.0% by volume or less, and 2.5% by volume or more and less than 20.0% by volume, respectively.

[0090] There are no particular restrictions on the order in which the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, and, if necessary, other light oil fractions, kerosene fractions, and heavy oil fractions, and various additives are mixed. For example, the fatty acid alkyl ester may be mixed with the cracked light oil fraction, and further with the other light oil fractions, kerosene fractions, and heavy oil fractions, and various additives added sequentially; the fatty acid alkyl ester, cracked light oil fraction, and, if necessary, the other light oil fractions, kerosene fractions, and heavy oil fractions, and various additives may be mixed simultaneously (lump-blending); or the fatty acid alkyl ester and cracked light oil fraction may be mixed in advance, and then, if necessary, the other light oil fractions, kerosene fractions, and heavy oil fractions, and various additives may be mixed. [Example]

[0091] Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The properties of each substrate were determined according to the following methods as described above.

[0092] [Measurement of properties and composition] The properties and compositions of the various base materials used in the Examples and Comparative Examples, namely fatty acid alkyl esters, cracked diesel fraction, direct decomposition diesel fraction, direct run diesel fraction, kerosene fraction, and atmospheric distillation residue, as well as the properties and compositions of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples, were measured by the following methods. The properties and compositions of the fatty acid alkyl esters are shown in Table 1, and the properties and compositions of the other various base materials are shown in Table 2. The properties and compositions of the fuel oil compositions are shown in Table 3. (1) (a4) (b5) (c5) Density at 15°C: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2249-1:2011 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of density - Part 1: Vibration method). (2) (a5) (b1) (c1) Kinematic viscosity at 50°C: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2283:2000 (Testing method for kinematic viscosity of crude oil and petroleum products). (3) (a6) (b2) (c2) Sulfur content: The sulfur content of the fuel oil composition, cracked diesel fraction, directly desulfurized diesel fraction, directly run diesel fraction, and atmospheric residue is measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-4:2003 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 4: Radioactive excitation method), and the sulfur content of the fatty acid alkyl ester and kerosene fraction is measured in accordance with JIS K 2541-6:2013 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Part 6: Ultraviolet fluorescence method). (4) (b3) (b4) (c3) Aromatic content (single-ring aromatics, two-ring aromatics, and three or more ring aromatics), saturated content, and olefin content: Measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography as specified in JPI-5S-49-2007, Petroleum Products - Hydrocarbon Type Testing Method. (5)(a3)(b7)(c7) Carbon residue of 10% residual oil: This value is measured in accordance with JIS K 2270-2:2009 (Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of carbon residue - Part 2: Micro method) using 10% residual oil prepared in accordance with Appendix A. (6) (a7) (b6) (c6) Flash point: The flash points of the fuel oil composition, cracked diesel fraction, directly decomposed diesel fraction, and kerosene fraction were measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-3:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products -- Flash point test -- Part 3: Pensky-Martens closed-loop method), and the flash point of the fatty acid alkyl ester was measured in accordance with JIS K 2265-2:2007 (Crude oil and petroleum products -- Flash point test -- Part 2: Rapid equilibrium closed-loop method). (7) (a1) (b8) (c8) Cetane number: A value measured in accordance with JIS K 2280-4:2013 (Petroleum products - Determination of octane number, cetane number and cetane index - Part 4: Cetane number). (8) (a8) (b9) (c9) Water content: The water contents of the fuel oil composition, cracked diesel fraction, directly decomposed diesel fraction, kerosene fraction, and atmospheric distillation residue were measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-1:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products -- Determination of water content -- Part 1: Distillation method), and the water content of fatty acid alkyl esters was measured in accordance with JIS K 2275-3:2015 (Crude oil and petroleum products -- Determination of water content -- Part 3: Karl Fischer coulometric titration method). (9)(a9)(b 10 )(c 10 ) Copper plate corrosion: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2513:2000 (Petroleum products - Copper plate corrosion test method). The test temperature was 50°C and the test time was 3 hours. (10)(a2)(b 11 )(c 11 ) Acid value: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2501:2003 (Petroleum products and lubricants - Neutralization number test method). (11)(a 10 )(b 12 )(c 12 ) Pour point: Measured in accordance with JIS K2269:1987 (Test method for pour point and cloud point of crude oil and petroleum products). ·(12)(b 13 )(c 13 ) Nitrogen content: Measured in accordance with JIS K 2609:1998 (Crude oil and petroleum products - Nitrogen content test method). (a 11) Composition analysis of fatty acid alkyl esters: Measured by gas chromatography analysis using a flame ionization detector (FID) in accordance with "2.4.21.3-77 Fatty acid composition (FID temperature-programmed gas chromatography method)" of the Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1993). ·(b 14 )(c 14 ) Distillation properties (10% by volume distillation temperature, 50% by volume distillation temperature, and 90% by volume distillation temperature): Measured in accordance with JIS K2254:2018 (Petroleum products - Determination of distillation properties - (atmospheric pressure method)).

[0093] [Performance evaluation criteria] The following performance ratings 1 to 4 were evaluated, and the worst rating was used as the overall rating. A rating of C indicates failure. The ratings for each performance are shown in Table 3.

[0094] 1. Combustion performance The increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples relative to the cetane number of the Reference Example was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: Increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) is 2.5 or more B: Increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) is 2.0 or more and less than 2.5 C: Increase in cetane number (Δ cetane number) is less than 2.0

[0095] 2.Storage stability An 18 L can (made of tinplate) was provided with an open section (φ32.5 mm) at the top to allow air circulation, and 3 L of the fuel oil compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples was placed in the container and stored in a dark place at room temperature for 90 days (temperature was not adjusted by air conditioning, and the room temperature during the period was 16.0 to 28.0°C). After storage, the fuel oil compositions were subjected to an oil permeability test using the oil permeability tester described in JP 2007-197512 A. The amount of oil that passed through the fuel oil composition in 10 minutes was evaluated according to the following criteria. A: The amount of oil passing through is 0.95L or more B: The amount of oil passing is 0.60L or more and less than 0.95L C: The amount of oil passing through is less than 0.60L

[0096] 3.Environmental performance Based on the sulfur content, the evaluation was carried out according to the following criteria. A: Sulfur content is 0.050% by mass or less B: Sulfur content is more than 0.050 mass% and 0.100 mass% or less C: Sulfur content exceeds 0.100% by mass

[0097] [Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and Reference Example] Various base materials having the properties and compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 3 to prepare the fuel oil compositions of Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 7 and Reference Example. The resulting fuel oil compositions were evaluated for combustion performance, storage stability, and environmental performance according to the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0098] [Table 1] *Both base material 1 (fatty acid alkyl ester 1) and base material 2 (fatty acid alkyl ester 2) are fatty acid methyl esters obtained using waste cooking oil containing rapeseed oil.

[0099] [Table 2] *The unit is "ppm by mass."

[0100] [Table 3]

[0101] [Performance evaluation results] As shown in Table 3, the fuel oil composition of this embodiment was evaluated to be good in terms of combustion performance, storage stability, and environmental performance, and it was confirmed that it can withstand use in internal combustion engines, particularly marine diesel engines. On the other hand, although the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 1 contains specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1 at a low content, it is inferior in combustion performance, while the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 2 contains a high content and is inferior in storage stability. It was confirmed that the fuel oil compositions of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, which do not contain specific fatty acid alkyl ester 1 and contain fatty acid alkyl ester 2 with a low carbon residue content in 10% residual oil, all have poor storage stability. It was also confirmed that the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 3, which does not contain any cracked light oil fraction, is inferior in storage stability, while the fuel oil composition of Comparative Example 4, which contains a high content, is inferior in combustion performance. [Industrial Applicability]

[0102] The fuel oil composition of this embodiment contains a fatty acid alkyl ester, and therefore has excellent combustion performance, is ultra-low in sulfur, and is environmentally friendly, while also having excellent storage stability. It is suitable for use in internal combustion engines and external combustion engines, and is particularly suitable for use in internal combustion engines such as marine diesel engines.

Claims

1. The following (a １ ) to (a ３ and a cracked light oil fraction, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is an ester of a fatty acid having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is from 15.0 to 35.0% by volume, and the content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is from 2.5 to less than 20.0% by volume, and the fuel oil composition satisfies all of the following (1) to (5): (a １ ) Cetane number is 49.0 or higher (a ２ ) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a ３ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm ３ More than 0.8800g / cm ３ below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 2.000 mm ２ / s or more 4.500mm ２ / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.100% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 2.1% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

2. The cracked light oil fraction is １ ) to (b ４ 2. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein all of the above conditions are satisfied. (b １ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 1.700 mm ２ / s or more 3.600mm ２ / s or less (b ２ ) Sulfur content is less than 0.400 mass% (b ３ ) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b ４ ) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more

3. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid alkyl ester is a fatty acid methyl ester.

4. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is a mixed fatty acid containing two or more fatty acids each having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

5. 5. The fuel oil composition according to claim 4, wherein the mixed fatty acid is obtained from at least one raw material selected from animal oils and vegetable oils.

6. 6. The fuel oil composition according to claim 5, wherein the raw material is waste cooking oil.

7. Furthermore, the following (c １ ) to (c ４ 3. A fuel oil composition according to claim 1, which contains a kerosene fraction satisfying all of the above criteria. (c １ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 0.945 mm ２ / s or more 1.150mm ２ / s or less (c ２ ) Sulfur content is 3.0 mass ppm or more and 100.0 mass ppm or less (c ３ ) Aromatic content is 15.0% by volume or more (c ４ ) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 0.5% by volume or less

8. 3. The fuel oil composition according to claim 1, which is used in an internal combustion engine.

9. It is an ester of a fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and an alkyl alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, １ ) to (a ３ ) and a cracked light oil fraction so that the content of the fatty acid alkyl ester based on the total amount of the composition is 15.0% by volume or more and 35.0% by volume or less, and the content of the cracked light oil fraction based on the total amount of the composition is 2.5% by volume or more and less than 20.0% by volume. (a １ ) Cetane number is 49.0 or higher (a ２ ) Acid value is 0.50 mg KOH / g or less (a ３ ) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.80% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less (1) Density at 15°C is 0.8600 g / cm ３ More than 0.8800g / cm ３ below (2) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 2.000 mm ２ / s or more 4.500mm ２ / s or less (3) Sulfur content is 0.100% by mass or less (4) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 2.1% by volume or more (5) The residual carbon content of 10% residual oil is 0.21% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less.

10. The cracked light oil fraction is １ ) to (b ４ 10. The method for producing a fuel oil composition according to claim 9, wherein all of the above conditions are satisfied. (b １ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 1.700 mm ２ / s or more 3.600mm ２ / s or less (b ２ ) Sulfur content is less than 0.400 mass% (b ３ ) Aromatic content is 50.0% by volume or more (b ４ ) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 5.0% by volume or more

11. Furthermore, the following (c １ ) to (c ４ 11. The method for producing a fuel oil composition according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a kerosene fraction satisfying all of the above conditions is mixed. (c １ ) Kinematic viscosity at 50 ° C. is 0.945 mm ２ / s or more 1.150mm ２ / s or less (c ２ ) Sulfur content is 3.0 mass ppm or more and 100.0 mass ppm or less (c ３ ) Aromatic content is 15.0% by volume or more (c ４ ) Aromatic content of 3 or more rings is 0.5% by volume or less

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