Composite skin material

Abstract

To provide a composite skin material excellent in designability, and durability of design.SOLUTION: A composite skin material 1 includes a sheet material 2 having gloss, and a skin material 3 laminated on the sheet material 2 having gloss, where the skin material 3 has a plurality of open holes 4. A pore diameter (L) of the open holes and a thickness (d) of the skin material satisfy the relation of L≥1.03×d, and a visible angle is 70° or wider.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a composite skin material. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, studies have been conducted on imparting new designs to skin materials. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a leather material such as leather or artificial leather that has a concave-convex pattern and through-holes appropriately formed to match the shape of the concave-convex pattern. It also describes disposing a sheet-like body, whose color or material is different from the surface of the leather material, on the back side of the leather material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Microfilm of Utility Model Application No. 62-165174 (Utility Model Application No. 01-70856) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] According to Patent Document 1, decorativeness and a sense of luxury can be imparted by providing holes that match the shape of the uneven pattern and by arranging a reflective material on the back of the leather. However, if the product is rubbed frequently or with high friction strength during use, the surface of the reflective material can be scratched, damaging the glossy appearance, and there is an issue with the durability of the design.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its object is to provide a composite skin material that has good designability and durability of the design. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present invention includes the embodiments shown below. [1] A composite skin material comprising a glossy sheet material and a skin material laminated on the glossy sheet material, wherein the skin material has a plurality of through holes, the diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material satisfy the relationship L≧1.03×d, and the composite skin material has a viewing angle of 70° or more. [2] The composite skin material according to [1], wherein the difference (absolute value) between the brightness of the skin material and the brightness of the glossy sheet material is 1 or more. [3] The composite skin material according to [1] or [2], wherein the difference (absolute value) between the glossiness of the skin material and the glossy sheet material is 0.5 or more. [4] The composite skin material according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the through holes have a diameter of 0.55 to 4 mm. [5] The composite skin material according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the through-holes have an opening ratio of 2 to 20%. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a composite skin material with good design and durability of the design can be provided. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a composite skin material according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing how a glossy sheet material appears. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing how to determine the viewing angle. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the arrangement of through holes in the skin materials used in Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. [Figure 5] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of through holes in the skin material used in Example 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The composite skin material according to this embodiment includes a glossy sheet material and a skin material laminated on the glossy sheet material. The skin material has a plurality of through-holes. In the composite skin material, the diameter (L) of the through-holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material satisfy the relationship L≧1.03×d, and the viewing angle is 70° or greater.

[0010] According to this embodiment, by laminating a skin material on the glossy sheet material, it is possible to prevent the gloss from being lost due to wear and improve the durability of the design. In addition, the gloss of the sheet material can be visually recognized through the through holes, thereby improving the design.

[0011] 1 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of a composite skin 1 according to one embodiment. In this composite skin 1, a skin 3 is laminated on one side of a glossy sheet 2. The skin 3 has a plurality of through-holes 4 formed therein.

[0012] Note that the adhesive layer is omitted in Figure 1. In the example of Figure 1, the front surface 5 of the composite skin material 1 is flat, but in consideration of design, it may be provided with a textured pattern, such as a leather-like grain pattern, in accordance with conventional methods. Here, the front surface of the composite skin material refers to the surface (design surface) of the front and back of the composite skin material that is visible when in use. Specifically, the front surface of the composite skin material is the front surface of the skin material described above.

[0013] The skin material in this embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be selected appropriately depending on the application from woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, synthetic leather, artificial leather, natural leather, etc. Among these, synthetic leather and artificial leather are preferred from the viewpoint of abrasion resistance. Synthetic leather refers to a material formed by laminating a resin layer made of a synthetic resin on a fibrous substrate made of woven fabric, knitted fabric, or nonwoven fabric, and artificial leather refers to a material formed by impregnating a synthetic resin with a woven fabric, knitted fabric, or nonwoven fabric. The synthetic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyurethane resin and polyvinyl chloride resin.

[0014] The thickness (d) of the skin material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and more preferably 0.7 to 1.3 mm. When the thickness of the skin material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the sheet material is less likely to be directly rubbed during friction, resulting in good durability of the design. When the thickness of the skin material is equal to or less than the upper limit, the glossiness of the sheet material is easily visible through the through-holes.

[0015] The thickness of the skin material is measured as follows: A vertical cross section of the skin material or composite skin material is observed at 100x magnification using a microscope (for example, VHX-200 / 100F manufactured by Keyence Corporation), the thickness of the skin material is measured at any 10 points, and the average value is calculated.

[0016] The brightness of the skin material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 90. When the brightness of the skin material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the color of the skin material can be prevented from becoming too dark. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the glossiness of the sheet material from becoming difficult to see from an oblique direction, coupled with the shadow inside the through-hole. When the brightness of the skin material is equal to or less than the upper limit, the color of the skin material can be prevented from becoming too bright. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the glossiness of the sheet material from becoming difficult to see from the through-hole. Here, the brightness is L * a * b * L in color space * value, and L * a * b * The color system is a method of displaying colors that was standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE 1976) and is also specified in JIS (JIS Z 8781-4).

[0017] The brightness of the skin material is measured as follows: Using a spectrophotometer (for example, Datacolor 800 manufactured by Datacolor), L * The values ​​are measured and the average value is calculated.

[0018] The glossiness of the skin material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5. When the glossiness of the skin material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the skin material has a moderate sheen and good design properties. When the glossiness of the skin material is equal to or less than the upper limit, loss of glossiness of the skin material due to wear is suppressed, and the durability of the design is good.

[0019] The gloss of the skin material is measured as follows: using a surface gloss meter (for example, Microgloss 60°S manufactured by BYK), measurements are taken at any five locations, and the average value is calculated.

[0020] As described above, the skin material has a plurality of through holes.

[0021] The shape of the through holes is not particularly limited, and can be selected from geometric patterns such as circles and polygons, taking into consideration the design. From the viewpoint of visibility of the glossiness of the sheet material, it is preferable that the peripheral edge of the through holes has a smooth shape, for example, a circle, a polygon with pentagons or more, or the like. When the peripheral edge of the through holes has a smooth shape, shadows caused by the through holes are less likely to occur, making it easier to see the glossiness of the sheet material. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of abrasion resistance, a circle is preferable.

[0022] The plurality of through holes may all have the same shape, or a plurality of types of through holes with different shapes may be arranged in a mixed manner.

[0023] The diameter (L) of the through holes is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.55 to 4 mm, and more preferably 0.76 to 3.5 mm. When the diameter of the through holes is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the glossiness of the sheet material can be easily visually recognized through the through holes. When the diameter of the through holes is equal to or less than the upper limit, the abrasion resistance and durability of the design are improved. Here, the diameter is the equivalent circle diameter, which is the diameter when the area of ​​the through holes when viewed in plan is converted into the diameter of a circle with the same area.

[0024] The multiple through holes may all have the same diameter, or multiple types of through holes with different diameters may be arranged together. When multiple types of through holes with different diameters are arranged together, through holes with diameters outside the above-mentioned numerical range may be used. For example, through holes with a diameter of less than 0.55 mm may be combined with through holes with a diameter of 0.55 to 4 mm. In this case, with through holes with a diameter of less than 0.55 mm, the through holes are visible but the glossiness of the sheet material is only vaguely visible. However, with through holes with a diameter of 0.55 to 4 mm, both the through holes and the glossiness of the sheet material are clearly visible, allowing for a variety of designs to be imparted.

[0025] The diameter of the through holes is measured as follows: the through holes are observed from the front side of the skin using a handheld digital microscope (for example, the Dino-Lite Digital Microscope (5MP Edge AM7915MZT) manufactured by AnMo Electronics Corporation), the areas of any three through holes are calculated, and then the equivalent circle diameters are calculated and the average value is calculated. When a mixture of shapes or hole diameters is present, the equivalent circle diameter is calculated for each shape or hole diameter in the same manner.

[0026] The opening rate, which is the proportion (area ratio) of the through holes in the skin material, is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 20%. When the opening rate of the skin material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the glossiness of the sheet material can be easily seen through the through holes. When the opening rate is equal to or less than the upper limit, the abrasion resistance, durability of the design, and durability (tear strength and tensile strength) are improved. Here, the opening rate is the ratio of the total area of ​​the multiple through holes present on the surface of the skin material to the total area of ​​the surface, including the through holes, when viewed in plan. Note that, as described below, when the multiple through holes are arranged so that the opening rate varies locally, the opening rate is the ratio of the total area of ​​the through holes per pattern repeat to the total area of ​​the skin material per pattern repeat. When multiple types of pattern repeats are present, it is preferable that the opening rate of each pattern repeat satisfy the above numerical range.

[0027] The multiple through holes may be arranged with a certain regularity, or may be arranged without regularity. For example, multiple types of pattern repeats may be present. For example, the through holes may be arranged so that the opening rate varies locally within one pattern repeat. For example, within one pattern repeat, there may be an area where the opening rate is near the upper limit and an area where the opening rate is near the lower limit. In this case, there will be an area where the gloss of the sheet material is strongly visible and an area where the design of the skin material itself is strongly visible, thereby allowing for a variety of designs to be imparted.

[0028] The aperture ratio is measured as follows: Using a handheld digital microscope (e.g., Dino-Lite Digital Microscope (5MP Edge AM7915MZT) manufactured by AnMo Electronics Corporation), the total area of ​​the through holes per pattern repeat is calculated, and then the total area of ​​the through holes is divided by the total area per pattern repeat.

[0029] As described above, the composite skin material according to this embodiment comprises a glossy sheet material and a skin material laminated on the glossy sheet material.

[0030] The glossy sheet material in this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a glossy sheet material, and may be appropriately selected depending on the application. Examples include fibrous substrates such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics, and resin films, and these may be used in combination.

[0031] The method for imparting gloss to the sheet material can be any of various conventionally known methods, and is not particularly limited. Examples include a method of obtaining a fibrous substrate using glossy yarn, such as bright yarn, optically coherent yarn, film yarn, gold yarn, or silver yarn, a method of printing a glittering pigment or foil on the surface of a fibrous substrate or a resin film, and a method of smoothing the surface of a fibrous substrate or a resin film by calendering or the like, and these methods may be used in combination.

[0032] The brightness of the glossy sheet material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 or more. When the brightness of the sheet material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the glossiness of the sheet material can be easily visually recognized from the through holes. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of visibility of the glossiness of the sheet material, it is preferable that the brightness of the sheet material be greater than the brightness of the surface material.

[0033] The brightness of the sheet material is measured as follows: Using a spectrophotometer (for example, Datacolor 800 manufactured by Datacolor), L * The values ​​are measured and the average value is calculated.

[0034] The glossiness of the glossy sheet material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5. When the glossiness of the sheet material is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the glossiness of the sheet material is easily visible from the through holes. When the glossiness of the sheet material is equal to or less than the upper limit, the color and gloss of the sheet material are well balanced, resulting in good design. When the glossiness of the sheet material exceeds the upper limit, the glossiness of the sheet material becomes noticeable, making it difficult to perceive the color, resulting in poor design. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of design, it is preferable that the glossiness of the sheet material be greater than the glossiness of the surface material.

[0035] The glossiness of the sheet material is measured as follows: using a surface gloss measuring device (for example, Microgloss 60°S manufactured by BYK), measurements are taken at any five locations, and the average value is calculated.

[0036] In the composite skin material according to this embodiment, it is essential that there is a contrast difference between the skin material and the glossy sheet material, and it is preferable that this contrast difference is large. A large contrast difference makes it easier to visually recognize the glossiness of the sheet material through the through holes. Here, in this specification, a contrast difference between the skin material and the glossy sheet material means that there is a difference in brightness and / or glossiness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material. A difference in at least one of brightness and glossiness leads to good design. In particular, a difference in brightness is preferable. A difference in brightness can further improve design.

[0037] In the composite skin material according to this embodiment, the difference in brightness between the skin material and the sheet material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as brightness difference) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or greater. Here, the brightness difference is an absolute value. A brightness difference of 1 or greater makes it easier to visually recognize the glossiness of the sheet material through the through holes. The upper limit of the brightness difference is not particularly limited, but is preferably 70 or less.

[0038] In the composite skin material according to this embodiment, the difference between the glossiness of the skin material and the glossiness of the sheet material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the glossiness difference) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 or more. Here, the glossiness difference is an absolute value. A glossiness difference of 0.5 or more makes it easier to visually recognize the glossiness of the sheet material through the through holes. The upper limit of the glossiness difference is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.5 or less.

[0039] In the composite skin material according to this embodiment, the diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material satisfy the relationship "L ≥ 1.03 × d." This prevents shadows from forming within the through holes, allowing the glossiness of the sheet material to be visually recognized through the through holes. This improves the design. The diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material preferably satisfy the relationship "3.22 × d ≥ L ≥ 1.05 × d," and more preferably the relationship "2.25 × d ≥ L ≥ 1.14 × d." When the diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material satisfy the relationship "3.22 × d ≥ L," abrasion resistance and durability of the design are improved.

[0040] The composite skin material according to this embodiment has a viewing angle of 70° or more. When the composite skin material is used as a covering for a vehicle interior material such as a car seat, the gloss of the sheet material can be seen through the through-holes when the vehicle interior material is viewed from outside the vehicle and from inside the vehicle. This improves the design. The viewing angle is preferably 70 to 135°, and more preferably 80 to 122°. A viewing angle of 135° or less ensures that the through-hole diameter is not too large, resulting in good durability (tear strength, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance), design, and durability of the design.

[0041] Here, the viewing angle refers to the angle at which the glossiness of the sheet material can be seen through the through holes when viewing the skin material from the directions of arrows B and C in FIG. 1, i.e., from a direction inclined relative to the extension direction of the through holes. When viewing the front surface 5 of the composite skin material 1 from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1, i.e., from the direction along the extension direction of the through holes 4, the glossiness of the circular sheet material 2 can be seen through the through holes 4, as shown in FIG. 2(a). When viewing the composite skin material 1 from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1, i.e., from a direction inclined relative to the extension direction of the through holes 4, the glossiness of the approximately elliptical sheet material 2 can be seen through the through holes 4, as shown in FIG. 2(b). When viewing the composite skin material 1 from the direction of arrow C in FIG. 1, i.e., from a direction further inclined than the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1, only the front surface 5 of the composite skin material 1 and the wall surfaces of the through holes 4 in the skin material 3 can be seen, but the glossiness of the sheet material 2 cannot be seen, as shown in FIG. 2(c). In Figure 3, when the composite skin material 1 is viewed from the directions of arrows B1, B2, and B3, the glossiness of the approximately elliptical sheet material 2 can be seen through the through-holes 4, as shown in Figure 2(b). When the composite skin material 1 is viewed from the direction of arrow C in Figure 3, the glossiness of the sheet material 2 cannot be seen, as shown in Figure 2(c). Here, "the glossiness of the sheet material can be seen through the through-holes" refers to the states shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b).

[0042] The visual angle can be determined as follows: A test piece of composite skin material is placed horizontally on a desk with the skin side facing upward, and an L-shaped ruler (short side: 300 mm, long side: 1500 mm) is placed along the long side of the test piece so that it touches the surface of the test piece. The test piece is visually observed from the apex of the short side of the L-shaped ruler (point Y in Figure 3), and the limit point X at which the gloss of the sheet material can be seen through the through-hole is determined. n (X3 in Figure 3) is found. n and the line connecting point X0 and limit point X n The angle between the line connecting point Y and point Y (θ n ) is calculated based on tan θ, and the angle calculated using the following formula is the visibility angle. n The "furthest point" refers to the point farthest from point X0 among the points at which the glossiness of the glossy sheet material can be visually recognized. Viewing angle θ (°) = 180° - 2 × θ n(°)

[0043] Next, a method for manufacturing a composite skin material will be described. The manufacturing method is not particularly limited, and in one embodiment, the composite skin material according to the embodiment can be manufactured by carrying out the following steps in order. That is, the manufacturing method includes: (1) preparing a skin material having a plurality of through holes; (2) applying adhesive to the skin material and / or glossy sheet material; (3) a step of bonding a surface material and a glossy sheet material together via an adhesive layer made of the adhesive; Includes.

[0044] In step (1), the method for forming the plurality of through holes in the skin material can be any of various conventionally known methods, and is not particularly limited, including needle punching, electric discharge, and laser irradiation.

[0045] In step (2), the adhesive can be applied to one or both of the back surface of the skin material and the front surface of the glossy sheet material. It is preferable to apply the adhesive to the back surface of the skin material, as this prevents the adhesive from spilling into the through-holes and provides good design.

[0046] The method for applying the adhesive is not particularly limited and may be any of various conventionally known methods, such as a method using a spray coater, knife coater, roll coater, gravure roll coater, or die coater.

[0047] The amount of adhesive to be applied is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 40 g / m 2 It is preferable that the adhesive amount applied is equal to or greater than the lower limit, thereby improving the durability of the composite skin material, particularly its peel strength. By applying an amount of adhesive equal to or less than the upper limit, the adhesive does not overflow from the through-holes, improving the design. Furthermore, the texture of the composite skin material can be prevented from becoming hard.

[0048] The area where the adhesive is applied is not particularly limited, and may be the entire back surface of the skin material or a portion of the back surface of the skin material. When the adhesive is applied to a portion of the back surface of the skin material, it is preferable that the adhesive be distributed uniformly on the back surface of the skin material in a dotted, striped, or grid pattern. This can prevent the peel strength of the composite skin material from varying depending on the location.

[0049] The adhesive is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyurethane adhesives, acrylic adhesives, vinyl chloride adhesives, silicone adhesives, etc. Among these, polyurethane adhesives are preferred from the viewpoint of texture.

[0050] The form of the polyurethane adhesive is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the application. For example, it may be a solventless system, a hot melt system, a solvent system, or a water system, and may be a one-component system or a two-component curing system. Among these, from the viewpoint of process load, a one-component polyurethane adhesive is preferred, and a hot melt system is more preferred.

[0051] Next, in step (3), the skin material and the glossy sheet material are bonded together by applying pressure to the skin material and the glossy sheet material while the adhesive is in a viscous state, thereby obtaining the composite skin material according to the embodiment.

[0052] The applications of the composite skin material according to this embodiment are not particularly limited, but it can be used for interior materials for various vehicles, including automobile interior materials such as automobile seats, ceiling materials, dashboards, door linings, and steering wheels.

[0053] The various numerical ranges described in this specification can be arbitrarily combined with their upper and lower limits, and all such combinations are considered to be preferred numerical ranges described in this specification. Furthermore, a numerical range described as "X to Y" means from X to Y. [Example]

[0054] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0055] Each evaluation item was performed according to the following method.

[0056] [Design] A test piece measuring 300 mm square was taken. The surface of the obtained test piece was observed from (1) the direction along the extension direction of the through hole (the direction of arrow A in Figure 1) and (2) a direction inclined to the extension direction of the through hole 4 (the direction of arrow B in Figure 1, an angle of θ1 = 55° in Figure 3), and evaluated according to the following criteria. (Judgment criteria) Grade 5: The color and gloss of the sheet material can be clearly seen through the through hole Grade 4: The color and gloss of the sheet material can be seen through the through holes Grade 3: The color and gloss of the sheet material can be roughly seen through the through hole. Grade 2: The color of the sheet material can be seen through the through hole, but the gloss is difficult to see. Grade 1: The color and gloss of the sheet material are difficult to see through the through holes.

[0057] [Durability of design] One test piece, measuring 70 mm wide and 300 mm long, was taken from each direction. A 70 mm wide, 300 mm long, 10 mm thick urethane foam was attached to the backside. The test piece was mounted on a T-Type flat abrasion tester (manufactured by Daiei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.) and subjected to a 19.6 N load on a friction probe covered with cotton cloth. The abrasion test was performed by applying a friction probe back and forth 140 mm above the surface of the test piece at a speed of 60 strokes per minute for 10,000 cycles. After the abrasion test, the surface of the test piece was observed (1) along the direction of the through-holes (arrow A in Figure 1) and (2) at an angle relative to the direction of the through-holes (arrow B in Figure 1, θ = 55° in Figure 3). The test piece was evaluated according to the following criteria. (Judgment criteria) Grade 3: No change in the gloss of the sheet material seen through the through-hole Grade 2: The glossiness of the sheet material visible through the through-hole can be seen, but is slightly impaired. Grade 1: The glossiness of the sheet material visible through the through-hole has disappeared.

[0058] [Viewing Angle] A test piece measuring 400 mm in width and 300 mm in length was taken and placed horizontally on a desk. An L-shaped ruler (short side: 300 mm, long side: 1500 mm) was placed along the surface of the test piece so that the long side was in contact with the surface. The test piece was visually inspected from the apex of the short side of the L-shaped ruler, and the limit point at which the glossiness of the sheet material could be visually recognized through the through-hole (point X n ) was confirmed. Limit Point X n and the line connecting point X0 and limit point X n The angle between the line connecting point Y and point Y (θ n ) was calculated based on tan θ, and the viewing angle was calculated using the following formula. Viewing angle θ (°) = 180° - 2 × θ n (°)

[0059] [Examples 1 to 16, Comparative Examples 1 to 3] Examples of the present invention and comparative examples were prepared according to the following procedure. An adhesive consisting of reactive hot-melt polyurethane resin (NH129, manufactured by DIC Corporation) was applied to the back of the skin material, heated to 100°C, and the dot diameter was 600 μm, the dot depth was 200 μm, and the volume was 35 cm. 3 / m 2 A gravure roll was used, and the coating amount was 40 g / m 2 Next, while the adhesive was still viscous, the surface material and the glossy sheet material were pressed together under pressure for 1 minute and at a pressure of 39.2 N / cm. 2 The composite skin material was obtained by bonding the sheets together using a press. The skin materials used in Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 had through holes formed therein as shown in FIG. 4, and the skin material used in Example 16 had through holes formed therein as shown in FIG. The glossy sheet material used in Example 15 was an embossed sheet material. Specifically, an embossing machine equipped with an embossing roll (arrangement of convex portions: stripes (convex portion width: 2.5 mm, concave portion width: 2.5 mm), convex portion surface roughness: arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) 0.01 μm, convex portion height: 3.0 mm) and a receiving roll (material: hard rubber, hardness: D90) was used to emboss the sheet material at an embossing roll temperature of 180° C. and a roll pressure of 156.8 N / cm. 2 The embossing was performed at a clearance of 0 mm and a cloth speed of 1.5 m / min. The pressed area (glossy area) had a brightness of 24.57 and a gloss of 3.5, while the non-pressed area (non-glossy area) had a brightness of 18.57 and a gloss of 0.4. The brightness and gloss of the pressed area were higher than those of the non-pressed area. The surface roughness of the convex areas was measured at five random locations using a portable surface roughness meter (TIME3200, manufactured by Beijing Times Feng Technology Co., Ltd.) under the following conditions: sampling length: 0.8 mm, evaluation length: 5 × sampling length, measurement range: ±80 μm, and filter: RC. The calculated average value was used as the surface roughness of the convex areas.

[0060] Tables 1 to 3 show the skin materials and glossy sheet materials used in the examples and comparative examples, the composite skin materials obtained, and the evaluation results. In Table 1, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through-hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material is shown as follows: A: 2.25 x d ≥ L ≥ 1.14 x d B: 3.11 x d ≥ L ≥ 1.05 x d C:L≧1.03×d D:L<1.03×d

[0061] [Table 1]

[0062] [Table 2]

[0063] [Table 3]

[0064] Comparative Example 1 did not satisfy the relationship "L≧1.03×d" between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material, nor did it satisfy the viewing angle of 70° or more, and was therefore inferior in design (normal viewing, oblique directions). Comparative Example 2 satisfied the relationship "L≧1.03×d" between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material, but did not satisfy the viewing angle of 70° or more, and was therefore inferior in design (oblique directions). Comparative Example 3 did not satisfy the relationship "L≧1.03×d" between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material, nor did it satisfy the viewing angle of 70° or more, and was therefore inferior in design (oblique directions).

[0065] In contrast, Examples 1 to 16 satisfied the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material, "L≧1.03×d," and the viewing angle was 70° or more, and were excellent in design and durability of the design. In Examples 1, 5, 6, and 14, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material, the viewing angle, the difference in brightness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material, and the difference in gloss between the skin material and the glossy sheet material were all within the more preferable numerical ranges, and therefore, the design was excellent. In Example 14, the shape of the through hole was not circular, and therefore the durability of the design was slightly inferior compared to Examples 1, 5, and 6. In Example 2, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through-holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within the preferred numerical range, but the viewing angle was near the lower limit, and although the difference in glossiness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material was large, the difference in brightness was small, so the design (in the oblique direction) was grade 4. In Example 3, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through-holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within a more preferable numerical range, but the viewing angle was near the lower limit, and although there was a difference in brightness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material, the difference in gloss was small (below the preferable numerical range), so the design (in oblique directions) was grade 4. In Example 4, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through-holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within the preferred numerical range, but the glossiness of the glossy sheet material was low, so the viewing angle was smaller than that of Example 1 and the viewing angle was at the lower limit. The difference in brightness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material was somewhat small, and although there was a difference in glossiness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material, the glossiness of the skin material was greater than that of the glossy sheet material, so the design (diagonal direction) was grade 3. In Example 7, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within a more preferable numerical range, but the viewing angle was near the lower limit and the brightness and gloss of the skin material were high, so the design (normal viewing, oblique direction) was grade 4. In Example 8, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within a more preferable numerical range, but the viewing angle was at the lower limit and the brightness and gloss of the skin material were high, so the design (normal viewing) was grade 4 and the design (oblique viewing) was grade 3. In Example 9, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through-hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within the preferred range, but the viewing angle was near the lower limit, and the thickness of the skin material and the hole diameter of the through-holes were small, so the design (normal viewing) was grade 4 and the design (oblique direction) was grade 3. Furthermore, because the thickness of the skin material was below the preferred range and the hole diameter of the through-holes was also below the preferred range, the glossy sheet material was less susceptible to wear and the durability of the design was excellent. Example 10 had excellent design because the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material, the viewing angle, the difference in lightness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material were all within preferred ranges, and the difference in gloss between the skin material and the sheet material were all within preferred ranges. Furthermore, although the thickness of the skin material was below the preferred range, the hole diameter of the through holes was also below the preferred range, so the glossy sheet material was less susceptible to wear and the durability of the design was excellent. In Example 11, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within a preferable numerical range, but the viewing angle was near the upper limit, and the thickness of the skin material and the hole diameter of the through hole were large, resulting in excellent design. In Example 12, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through-hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within the preferred numerical range, but the viewing angle exceeded the upper limit, and the thickness of the skin material and the hole diameter of the through-hole were large. Therefore, although the design and durability of the design were excellent, the durability of the design was slightly inferior compared to the other Examples. In Example 13, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material was within the preferred range, but the viewing angle was near the lower limit, and the difference in brightness and glossiness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material were within more preferred ranges, so the design (oblique direction) was grade 4. Example 15 had excellent design because the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material, the viewing angle, the difference in lightness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material, and the difference in gloss between the skin material and the glossy sheet material were all within the more preferable numerical ranges. Furthermore, because a sheet material with both glossy and non-glossy areas was used as the glossy sheet material, the gloss was not visible in the glossy areas (the areas marked "viewing angle 2" in Table 3, i.e., "lightness 1, glossiness 1"), but the gloss was visible in the non-glossy areas (the areas marked "viewing angle 1" in Table 3, i.e., "lightness 2, glossiness 2"), and the presence of holes in the composite skin material where the gloss was visible and holes where it was not visible contributed to the design. Example 16 used a skin material with two types of through holes (Through Hole 1: hole diameter 1.11 mm, Through Hole 2: hole diameter 0.5 mm). For Through Hole 1, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material, the viewing angle, the difference in brightness between the skin material and the glossy sheet material, and the difference in gloss between the skin material and the glossy sheet material were all within the preferred numerical ranges, resulting in excellent design. On the other hand, for Through Hole 2, the relationship between the hole diameter (L) of the through hole and the thickness (d) of the skin material (L≧1.03×d) and the viewing angle of 70° or more were not satisfied, resulting in poor design (both in normal and oblique viewing). In Through Hole 2, the through hole is visible but the glossiness of the sheet material is not, whereas in Through Hole 1, both the through hole and the glossiness of the sheet material are clearly visible, and the presence of holes in the composite skin material where the glossiness is visible and holes where it is not visible results in a more aesthetically pleasing design. [Explanation of symbols]

[0066] 1...composite skin material, 2...glossy sheet material, 3...skin material, 4...through hole, 5...front surface, d: thickness of skin material, L: diameter of through hole, θ: viewing angle

Claims

1. A composite skin material comprising a glossy sheet material and a skin material laminated on the glossy sheet material, wherein the skin material has a plurality of through holes, the diameter (L) of the through holes and the thickness (d) of the skin material satisfy the relationship L≧1.03×d, and the composite skin material has a viewing angle of 70° or more.

2. 2. The composite skin material according to claim 1, wherein the difference (absolute value) between the brightness of the skin material and the brightness of the glossy sheet material is 1 or more.

3. 3. The composite skin material according to claim 1, wherein the difference (absolute value) between the glossiness of the skin material and the glossy sheet material is 0.5 or more.

4. 3. The composite skin material according to claim 1, wherein the through holes have a diameter of 0.55 to 4 mm.

5. 3. The composite skin material according to claim 1, wherein the through-holes have an opening ratio of 2 to 20%.

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