Battery management device and method

Abstract

A battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a reference information storage unit configured to store a reference profile including a reference negative electrode profile; a profile generation unit configured to generate a negative electrode profile for each of the plurality of batteries using the reference profile and the charge / discharge profiles for each of the plurality of batteries; a characteristic information generation unit configured to generate a negative electrode change ratio of the negative electrode profile with respect to the reference negative electrode profile for each of the plurality of batteries; an arithmetic processing unit configured to calculate the relative difference between the plurality of negative electrode change ratios; and a diagnostic unit configured to diagnose the state of the plurality of batteries using the calculation results of the arithmetic processing unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0097814 filed on July 26, 2023, and all the contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of that application are incorporated into this application.

[0002] The present invention relates to a technology for diagnosing and managing the state of a battery, and more specifically, to a battery management device and method for effectively diagnosing a defective battery by using a relative comparison with respect to the change ratio of a negative electrode profile.

Background Art

[0003] With the rapid growth in the demand for portable electronic products such as notebook computers, video cameras, and mobile phones that use electricity as a power source, and with the general commercialization of mobile robots, electric bicycles, electric carts, electric vehicles, etc., research on high-performance secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged has been actively conducted.

[0004] Currently, commercially available secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, lithium secondary batteries, etc. Among them, lithium secondary batteries are particularly favored because they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based secondary batteries, allowing for free charging and discharging, a very low self-discharge rate, high energy density, and high operating voltage. Therefore, they are being studied more intensively than other types of secondary batteries and are being more widely applied in actual products.

[0005] In recent years, secondary batteries are widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices but also in medium and large-sized devices such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS).

[0006] In this case, battery modules, in which multiple electrically connected rechargeable batteries are housed together inside a module case, are primarily used. When higher power or capacity is required, battery packs, in which multiple battery modules are electrically connected, may also be used.

[0007] In secondary battery cells, cell assemblies, battery modules, or battery packs (hereinafter collectively referred to as "batteries"), power efficiency and safety are important factors. Therefore, research is actively being conducted on battery management systems (BMS) that monitor the electrical characteristics of batteries and perform feedback control such as charging and discharging using the monitoring results.

[0008] Unlike systems that generate energy from fossil fuels, secondary battery-based batteries generate energy through electrochemical reactions, which means they cannot maintain their performance in the Beginning of Life (BOL) state as the charge-discharge cycle progresses.

[0009] While this type of degradation is an inherent phenomenon caused by battery use, it can also be affected by manufacturing defects such as process errors, impurities, physical damage (cracks, etc.), and short circuits.

[0010] As batteries are used (charged and discharged) over time, their usefulness decreases due to degradation in capacity and output, and such degradation becomes a safety hazard. Therefore, accurate and rapid diagnosis of battery degradation and defects is necessary to control the limited use of degraded batteries, determine replacement timing, or improve the efficiency of battery reuse (or recycling). [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0011] The present invention was devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a battery management device and method that can quickly and accurately diagnose and select defective batteries using a negative electrode change ratio ns generated using negative electrode profiles for multiple batteries, and the relative difference value between these negative electrode change ratios ns.

[0012] The technical problems that this invention aims to solve are not limited to those described above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention that follows. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention includes: a reference information storage unit configured to store a reference profile including a reference negative electrode profile; a profile generation unit configured to generate a negative electrode profile for each of the plurality of batteries using the reference profile and charge / discharge profiles for each of the plurality of batteries; a characteristic information generation unit configured to generate a negative electrode change ratio of the negative electrode profile with respect to the reference negative electrode profile for each of the plurality of batteries; a calculation processing unit configured to calculate the relative differences between the plurality of negative electrode change ratios; and a diagnostic unit configured to diagnose the state of the plurality of batteries using the calculation results of the calculation processing unit.

[0014] The diagnostic unit may be configured to use the calculation results to diagnose which of the plurality of batteries are normal and which are defective.

[0015] The battery management device may further include a management control unit configured to control the charging and discharging of the faulty battery in such a way as to limit it.

[0016] The diagnostic unit may be configured to generate degradation rate information for one or more of the multiple batteries using the calculation results.

[0017] Furthermore, the battery management device may further include a management control unit configured to control one or more of the plurality of batteries so that their charge and discharge ranges are distinctly limited according to the degradation rate information.

[0018] The calculation processing unit may be configured to perform a weight calculation on the result of the difference calculation between the average value of the plurality of negative electrode change ratios and each negative electrode change ratio.

[0019] The calculation processing unit may be configured to calculate the statistical deviation value of the plurality of negative pole change ratios.

[0020] The diagnostic unit may be configured to further diagnose the degradation imbalance of the plurality of batteries using the statistical deviation value.

[0021] The characteristic information generation unit may be configured to calculate the ratio of the negative electrode profile to the reference negative electrode profile as the negative electrode change ratio.

[0022] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0023] An automobile according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0024] A battery management method according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes: a profile generation step of generating negative electrode profiles for a plurality of batteries using a reference profile and charge / discharge profiles for a plurality of batteries; a characteristic information generation step of generating negative electrode change ratios of the negative electrode profiles with respect to a reference negative electrode profile included in the reference profile for each of the plurality of batteries; a calculation processing step of calculating the relative differences between the plurality of negative electrode change ratios; and a diagnosis step of diagnosing the state of the plurality of batteries using the calculation results of the calculation processing step. [Effects of the Invention]

[0025] According to one aspect of the present invention, a defective battery can be quickly diagnosed from a plurality of batteries by using a reference profile and a charge / discharge profile of a battery. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, information such as a deterioration rate of a defective battery can be provided quickly and accurately.

[0026] In addition, the diagnostic method according to one aspect of the present invention can be realized through software that can be mounted on a BMS or the like, or a module that executes the software, etc., and thus higher extensibility and applicability can be provided.

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, for an object (e.g., a battery pack) actually applied to an application device (e.g., an automobile, an ESS, etc.), it is possible to accurately diagnose whether it is deteriorated and / or whether there is deterioration imbalance, so that the effectiveness of battery control and management can be improved.

[0028] In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, by distinguishing and applying the usage restriction range of one or more batteries among a plurality of batteries according to the deterioration rate information, the efficiency of battery management processing can be further improved.

[0029] The drawings attached to this specification serve to make it easier to further understand the technical idea of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention to be described later, and the present invention is not construed as being limited only to the matters described in the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] [Figure 1] It is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention. <00…​​​​​​​This is a flowchart illustrating the processing steps according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This is a schematic graph showing an example of the charge and discharge profile of the target battery. [Figure 6] This is a schematic graph showing an example of the negative electrode profile of the target battery. [Figure 7] This diagram illustrates the negative electrode change ratio ns generated based on the negative electrode profile. [Figure 8] This figure illustrates a first embodiment of the negative electrode change ratio ns for multiple batteries. [Figure 9] This figure illustrates a second embodiment of the negative electrode change ratio ns for each of the multiple batteries. [Figure 10] This figure illustrates an example of the distribution of standard scores generated using the negative electrode change ratio ns. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0031] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in this specification and in the claims shall not be interpreted in their general and dictionary sense, but rather in the sense and concept corresponding to the technical idea of ​​the present invention, in accordance with the principle that inventors may appropriately define the concepts of terms in order to best describe their invention.

[0032] Therefore, the embodiments described herein and the configurations shown in the drawings represent only one of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical concept of the invention. It should be understood that there are various equivalents and modifications that can substitute for them at the time of filing this application.

[0033] Furthermore, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a specific description of a related known configuration or function would obscure the gist of the present invention, such detailed description will be omitted.

[0034] When a part of the specification "includes" a certain component, unless otherwise specified, this does not exclude other components, but rather means that it may include other components.

[0035] Furthermore, terms such as "processor" as used in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0036] Furthermore, when a part of the specification is described as being "connected" to another part, this includes not only "direct connections" but also "indirect connections" mediated by other elements.

[0037] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the detailed configuration of a battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating the processing process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] As shown in Figure 1, the battery management device 100 of the present invention includes a reference information storage unit 110, a measurement unit 120, a profile generation unit 130, a characteristic information generation unit 140, a calculation processing unit 150, a diagnostic unit 160, a management control unit 170, and an information sharing unit 180.

[0039] Prior to a detailed description of the present invention, it is obvious that a battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention can be realized through the application of various combinations of electronic elements and components such as storage means, arithmetic processing means, and input / output means. Therefore, each component of the battery management device 100 shown in Figure 1 is understood not as a physically separated component, but as a functionally or logically separated component.

[0040] In other words, each component shown in the diagram corresponds to a logical configuration for effectively explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention. Therefore, even if the components are integrated or separated, as long as the function performed by the logical configuration of the present invention is realized, it is interpreted as being within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it goes without saying that components that perform the same or similar functions are interpreted as being within the scope of the present invention, regardless of whether their names match.

[0041] Furthermore, since the battery management method according to one embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as a collection of processes or algorithms related to data processing, handling, control, calculation, input / output, etc., it can be implemented not only by the combination of logical configurations shown in Figure 1, but also in the form of software installed and driven in a system, device, computer (or equivalent device), BMS, module, or its subordinate configuration.

[0042] A battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to detect or diagnose normal batteries and faulty batteries for a plurality of batteries 10. Depending on the embodiment, the battery management device 100 may be configured to generate and output diagnostic data for the plurality of batteries 10 for organic linkage with other configurations, modules / devices, etc.

[0043] Here, a defective battery (BB) refers to a battery that is relatively more degraded than other batteries, or an abnormal battery that cannot perform its designed drive performance due to manufacturing errors, physical damage, etc.

[0044] From a corresponding perspective, a normal battery NB refers to a battery that has characteristics opposite to those of a defective battery BB, and has driving performance (degree of degradation, etc.) equivalent to or similar to other batteries, or a battery that exhibits normal driving performance (considering the margin of error) that corresponds to the designed specifications. Here, normal driving performance does not mean the driving performance in the BOL (initial life) state, but rather the driving performance exhibited at a normal level of degradation according to the number and extent of use, etc., after going through a normal degradation process.

[0045] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the battery management device 100 can diagnose and manage multiple batteries 10. For example, the battery management device 100 can diagnose and manage k batteries, where k is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

[0046] Furthermore, the multiple batteries 10 shown in Figure 1 may be single cells or cell assemblies in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel.

[0047] The profile generation unit 130 of the present invention is configured to generate a negative electrode profile Rn for each of the multiple batteries 10 (see Figure 6, etc.) (S220).

[0048] Prior to a detailed explanation of the specific functions and processes of the present invention, the process by which the negative electrode profile Rn is generated for each of the multiple batteries 10 will be briefly explained with reference to Figure 3 and other figures.

[0049] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating the processing steps according to one embodiment of the present invention in which the negative electrode profile is determined.

[0050] The reference information storage unit 110 may be configured to store the negative electrode profile (hereinafter referred to as the "reference negative electrode profile") and the positive electrode profile (hereinafter referred to as the "reference positive electrode profile") for charging or discharging the reference battery (see S300, Figure 3).

[0051] The reference profile may include a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile. As is well known, the reference profile may be a graph that can be represented on a coordinate system in which the horizontal axis (X axis) represents capacity (Ah) or SOC (State of Charge) and the vertical axis (Y axis) represents voltage (V), or it may be a function or dataset that represents it.

[0052] The reference positive (negative) electrode profile may be a profile showing the positive (negative) electrode voltage corresponding to the capacity, measured while charging or discharging a three-electrode cell or a positive (negative) half-cell.

[0053] Here, the reference battery is a battery with specifications and characteristics equivalent to those of the battery to be diagnosed (hereinafter referred to as the "target battery"), and for the purpose of relative comparison with the target battery, it may be a battery in a BOL state or a simulated ideal battery.

[0054] The measurement unit 120 is configured to measure the electrical characteristic values ​​(such as voltage) of the target battery during the charging or discharging process (S310). Once the electrical characteristic values ​​of the target battery are measured in this way, the profile generation unit 130 of the present invention uses the relationship between the measured electrical characteristic values ​​(such as voltage) and the capacity of the target battery to generate a charge / discharge profile M as shown in Figure 5 (S320).

[0055] Once the charge / discharge profile M is generated, the profile generation unit 130 performs a process of comparing or contrasting the charge / discharge profile M with the simulation profile (S330).

[0056] Here, the charge / discharge profile M is the capacity-voltage profile measured from the target battery, and the simulation profile is a profile that is either pre-stored or obtained from pre-stored data (reference positive electrode profile and reference negative electrode profile) for comparison with the target battery's profile.

[0057] Therefore, the reference information storage unit 110 can store the simulation profile together with the reference positive (negative) electrode profile.

[0058] When a battery degrades due to use (including in cases of manufacturing process problems), the charge / discharge profile M of the battery in question changes, resulting in a discrepancy between the simulated profile and the charge / discharge profile M.

[0059] To minimize such differences, the profile generation unit 130 may adjust the reference profile to correspond to the charge / discharge profile M. For example, the profile generation unit 130 may perform processes such as axis shift, scale adjustment, ratio adjustment, offset adjustment, and shrinkage adjustment on the reference positive electrode profile and / or reference negative electrode profile. The profile generation unit 130 may set the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile through the process and apply fitting to the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile. As a result of the fitting, the profile generation unit 130 may obtain a positive electrode profile Rp (see Figure 6) and a negative electrode profile Rn (see Figure 6) of the target battery that substantially reflects degradation (defects), etc. (S340).

[0060] Specifically, factors such as pi (positive initial), pf (positive final), and ps (positive shrinkage) can be derived from the positive electrode profile Rp. Similarly, factors such as ni (negative initial), nf (negative final), and ns (negative shrinkage) can be derived from the negative electrode profile Rn.

[0061] Here, pi is the starting potential value of the positive electrode profile Rp (the positive electrode potential value at the start of full cell capacity), and pf is the ending potential value of the positive electrode profile Rp (the positive electrode potential value at the end of full cell capacity). ni is the starting potential value of the negative electrode profile Rn (the negative electrode potential value at the start of full cell capacity), and nf is the ending potential value of the negative electrode profile Rn (the negative electrode potential value at the end of full cell capacity). ps is the change ratio of the positive electrode profile Rp relative to the reference positive electrode profile, and ns is the change ratio of the negative electrode profile Rn relative to the reference negative electrode profile.

[0062] The profile generation unit 130 can obtain the positive electrode profile Rp and negative electrode profile Rn of the target battery by changing the ratio of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile so that the capacities of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile correspond to the capacities of the target battery, under conditions where the potential difference between pi and ni corresponds to the starting voltage of the target battery and the potential difference between pf and nf corresponds to the ending voltage of the target battery. For example, the potential difference between pi and ni corresponds to the starting voltage of the charge / discharge profile M, and the potential difference between pf and nf corresponds to the ending voltage of the charge / discharge profile M.

[0063] Depending on the embodiment, the positive (negative) electrode profile of the target battery can also be obtained by first setting the capacity and then changing the ratio of pi, pf, ni, nf, and the adjusted positive (negative) electrode profile.

[0064] Once a negative electrode profile Rn for each target battery is generated or acquired through such methods, the characteristic information generation unit 140 generates a change ratio of the negative electrode profile Rn, specifically the change ratio of the negative electrode profile Rn to the reference negative electrode profile (hereinafter referred to as the "negative electrode change ratio ns") for each of the multiple batteries (S230). Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the negative electrode change ratio ns generated based on the negative electrode profile. Specifically, the characteristic information generation unit 140 may be configured to calculate the negative electrode change ratio as the ratio of the negative electrode profile to the reference negative electrode profile.

[0065] For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the characteristic information generation unit 140 generates k negative electrode change ratios ns.

[0066] The negative electrode change ratio ns is an indicator of the degree of battery degradation. As degradation progresses, its magnitude decreases, so the magnitude of the negative electrode change ratio ns itself can be a major parameter for diagnosing the degree of battery degradation.

[0067] As mentioned above, batteries used in application devices (electric vehicles, ESS, etc.) generally consist of a group of batteries 10 as shown in Figure 1. However, if there is a large variation in the degree of degradation of the grouped batteries, a collective performance degradation may occur in which the overall performance of the grouped batteries drops to the level of the battery with the greatest degree of degradation (i.e., the battery with the most severe performance degradation).

[0068] For these reasons, it is preferable that the system is configured to select defective batteries BB based on the relative differences in the degree of degradation of multiple batteries 10. Therefore, the calculation processing unit 150 is configured to calculate the relative differences of multiple negative electrode change ratios ns (S240).

[0069] Methods for calculating the relative difference include comparing the negative electrode change ratios ns themselves relatively, calculating the difference between the average value of multiple negative electrode change ratios ns and each negative electrode change ratio ns, or functionally assigning weights to the results of such difference calculations (S241). For example, the weights may be set to be proportional to the magnitude of the result of the difference calculation.

[0070] When such weighting calculations are applied, it becomes possible to more clearly distinguish between batteries whose negative electrode change ratio ns falls within the average range and batteries whose ratio falls outside the average range.

[0071] Once the relative differences of the multiple negative electrode change ratios ns are calculated in this manner (S240), the diagnostic unit 160 diagnoses the state of the multiple batteries 10 using the calculation results of the calculation processing unit 150 (S250).

[0072] Figure 8 illustrates a first embodiment of the negative electrode change ratio ns for multiple batteries. Specifically, Figure 8 shows the distribution of the negative electrode change ratio ns for 10 batteries, reference numbers 11 to 20, in graph form.

[0073] In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, batteries reference numbers 12 and 19 have a relatively low negative electrode change ratio ns compared to the other batteries, so the diagnostic unit 160 can diagnose these batteries (reference numbers 12 and 19) as defective batteries BB (S251). From a corresponding viewpoint, the negative electrode change ratios ns of the remaining batteries form a distribution that does not differ significantly from the average value, so the diagnostic unit 160 can diagnose the remaining batteries (reference numbers 11, 13-18, 20) as normal batteries NB (S251).

[0074] Figure 9 illustrates a second embodiment of the negative electrode change ratio ns for multiple batteries. Specifically, Figure 9 shows the distribution of the negative electrode change ratio ns for 10 batteries, reference numbers 57 to 66, in graph form.

[0075] In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, since the battery with reference number 57 has a relatively low negative electrode change ratio ns compared to the other batteries, the diagnostic unit 160 can diagnose this battery (reference number 57) as a faulty battery BB (S251). From a corresponding viewpoint, since the negative electrode change ratios ns of the remaining batteries form a distribution that does not differ significantly from the average value, the diagnostic unit 160 can diagnose the remaining batteries (reference numbers 58-66) as normal batteries NB (S251).

[0076] Figure 10 illustrates an example of the distribution of standard deviations generated using the negative electrode change ratio ns. Specifically, Figure 10 shows the results of a weight calculation (squaring the result of the difference calculation) performed on the difference between the average value of multiple negative electrode change ratios ns and each negative electrode change ratio ns, based on the negative electrode change ratios ns of multiple batteries shown in Figure 8.

[0077] The square of the standard score (the difference between the average negative pole change ratio ns and each negative pole change ratio) or the exponential function (for example, f(x)=2 x When weight calculations such as x (where x is the standard score (absolute value)) are performed, as shown in Figure 10, the numerical value of the defective battery BB can be more clearly represented in comparison to the numerical value of the normal battery NB, and a more precise resolution for distinguishing defective batteries BB can be achieved.

[0078] When a faulty battery BB is diagnosed by the diagnostic unit 160 of the present invention, the management control unit 170 of the present invention can either remove the faulty battery BB from the charging and discharging process, or control the charging and discharging of the faulty battery BB to be limited to a specific range (S260).

[0079] Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating the processing steps according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] As described above, once the current status of multiple batteries is diagnosed (S400) and normal batteries NB and defective batteries BB are selected (S410), the diagnostic unit 160 may be configured to generate degradation rate information for the defective battery BB by calculating the relative ratio of the defective battery BB to the negative electrode change ratio ns, for example by comparing it with the capacity value of a reference battery (S420).

[0081] When degradation rate information for a defective battery BB is generated and input to the management control unit 170, the management control unit 170 can restrict the charge and discharge range of the defective battery BB. Here, the management control unit 170 can control the charge and discharge range of a defective battery BB to be restricted in a manner that distinguishes between the two and the defective battery BBs according to the degradation rate information, for example, by relatively increasing the restriction of the charge and discharge range in the case of a defective battery BB with a relatively large degradation rate (S430).

[0082] Depending on the embodiment, the reference information storage unit 110 may be configured to further store identification information of a plurality of batteries 10 and / or attribute information including the identification information.

[0083] In this case, the information sharing unit 180 may be configured to generate status information including identification information, defect status information, or degradation rate information for multiple batteries 10, and output it to a user terminal or the vehicle's information system (S440).

[0084] Furthermore, as described above, once the negative electrode change ratio ns for each of the multiple batteries 10 is generated, the arithmetic processing unit 150 can calculate the statistical deviation values ​​(variance, standard deviation, etc.) of the multiple negative electrode change ratios ns.

[0085] Since the statistical deviation score is generated using the negative electrode change ratio ns for each of the multiple batteries 10, the statistical deviation score represents information that indicates the attributes of the cell assembly (e.g., battery module, battery bank, or battery pack) that comprises the multiple batteries 10.

[0086] Once statistical deviation scores are generated in this way, the diagnostic unit 160 can use these statistical deviation scores to further diagnose degradation imbalances among the multiple batteries 10.

[0087] A relatively large statistical deviation score (compared to a baseline value, for example) indicates a large variation in the degradation of multiple batteries 10. In other words, it means that the degradation of multiple batteries 10 is not progressing in a balanced or uniform manner. A relatively small statistical deviation score indicates that multiple batteries 10 are degrading uniformly.

[0088] As described above, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the degree and extent of degradation imbalance in higher-level assemblies such as packs and modules can be diagnosed, allowing for more effective subsequent processes and operations, such as restrictive use of packs and modules, elimination of charging and discharging, and determination of replacement timing.

[0089] A battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the battery management device 100 described above. In such a configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device 100 can be realized by complementing or adding to the functions of components included in a conventional BMS.

[0090] Furthermore, a battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention may be provided in a battery pack. That is, a battery pack according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management device 100 and one or more batteries.

[0091] Furthermore, the battery management device 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention can be installed in an automobile such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. That is, the automobile according to the present invention may include the battery management device or battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the automobile according to the present invention may further include a variety of other components included in the automobile, in addition to such a battery management device 100 or battery pack. For example, the automobile according to the present invention may further include a vehicle body, a motor, an electronic control unit (ECU), and other control devices, in addition to the device according to the present invention.

[0092] As described above, the present invention has been explained with limited embodiments and drawings, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various modifications and variations are possible within the equivalent scope of the technical idea and claims of the present invention by persons with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0093] The drawings and other illustrations accompanying the present invention, which describe the present invention and illustrate embodiments, may be shown in a somewhat exaggerated form to emphasize the technical content of the present invention. However, considering the above-mentioned content and the illustrated matters, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that various modified forms can be applied.

[0094] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, expressions such as first, second, upper, lower, or top and bottom are merely instrumental conceptual terms used to relatively distinguish each component (element) from one another, and are not terms used to indicate specific procedures, priorities, etc., or to physically distinguish each component (element) by absolute criteria. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0095] 10: Multiple batteries 100: Battery management device 110: Reference information storage unit 120: Measuring part 130: Profile generation unit 140:Characteristics information generation section 150: Arithmetic Processing Unit 160: Diagnostic Department 170: Management and Control Unit 180: Information sharing department

Claims

1. A reference information storage unit configured to store a reference profile including a reference negative electrode profile, A profile generation unit configured to generate a negative electrode profile for each of the multiple batteries using the reference profile and the charge / discharge profiles for each of the multiple batteries, A characteristic information generation unit configured to generate a negative electrode change ratio of the negative electrode profile with respect to the reference negative electrode profile for each of the multiple batteries, A calculation processing unit configured to calculate the relative difference between multiple negative electrode change ratios, A battery management device comprising a diagnostic unit configured to diagnose the state of the plurality of batteries using the calculation results of the calculation processing unit.

2. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic unit is configured to diagnose which of the plurality of batteries are normal and which are defective using the calculation results.

3. The battery management device according to claim 2, further comprising a management control unit configured to control the charging and discharging of the defective battery to be limited.

4. The diagnostic unit is configured to generate degradation rate information for one or more of the multiple batteries using the calculation results. The battery management device according to claim 1, further comprising a management control unit configured to control one or more of the plurality of batteries so that their charge and discharge ranges are distinctly limited according to the degradation rate information.

5. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the calculation processing unit is configured to perform a weight calculation on the result of the difference calculation between the average value of the plurality of negative electrode change ratios and each negative electrode change ratio.

6. The calculation processing unit is configured to calculate the statistical deviation value of the plurality of negative electrode change ratios, The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the diagnostic unit is configured to further diagnose the degradation imbalance of the plurality of batteries using the statistical deviation value.

7. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the characteristic information generation unit is configured to calculate the ratio of the negative electrode profile to the reference negative electrode profile as the negative electrode change ratio.

8. A battery pack comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. An automobile comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A profile generation step that generates negative electrode profiles for multiple batteries using a reference profile and charge / discharge profiles for multiple batteries, A characteristic information generation step of generating a negative electrode change ratio of the negative electrode profile with respect to the reference negative electrode profile included in the reference profile for each of the multiple batteries, A calculation process step that calculates the relative difference between multiple negative electrode change ratios, A battery management method comprising: a diagnostic step of diagnosing the state of the plurality of batteries using the calculation result of the calculation processing step.

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