Data transmission method and communication apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Disclosed are a data transmission method and a communication apparatus, which can reduce a symbol error rate in a data transmission process when signal dependent noise is considered to be used for designing a sending filter sequence. The method comprises: receiving first information, wherein the first information is used for indicating at least one of the intensity of signal dependent noise measured by a receiving end, and the ratio of the intensity of the signal dependent noise measured by the receiving end to the intensity of signal independent noise; and sending first data, wherein the first data is data formed by means of shaping a sending pulse forming waveform by a sending end, and the sending pulse forming waveform is determined on the basis of the first information. The embodiments of the present application are used for taking into consideration the impact of signal dependent noise on a sending filter sequence and a receiving filter sequence.

Description

Data transmission method and communication device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on March 1, 2024, with application number 202410239932.5 and application name “A Data Transmission Method and Communication Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a data transmission method and a communication device. Background Art

[0003] Intensity modulation / direct detection (IM / DD) technology is widely used in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems due to its low complexity and other advantages. In IM / DD channels, information is typically transferred to the instantaneous light intensity of the light source, so all transmitted signals must be strictly non-negative. Furthermore, IM / DD channels are often bandwidth-limited due to device characteristics such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multipath distortion.

[0004] In the study of the characteristics of the Nyquist waveform in the optical intensity channel, the transmit and receive filter structures are still those used in the electrical channel. For example, when the transmit end uses a Nyquist waveform, a sampling receiver is considered for the receive end. When the transmit end uses a root mean square Nyquist waveform, the receive end uses the same matched filter waveform. However, due to the non-negativity constraint on the transmit end, the bandwidth of the Nyquist waveform in the optical intensity channel is twice that of the Nyquist waveform in the electrical channel, and the square of the time domain of the Nyquist waveform in the electrical channel is the same as that in the optical intensity channel. If the transmit and receive filter structures used in the electrical channel are directly adopted, these differences can easily lead to a high symbol error rate (SER) during data transmission between the transmit and receive ends, resulting in a decrease in data throughput. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a data transmission method and a communication device, which can reduce the symbol error rate during data transmission while considering signal-dependent noise for designing a transmission filter sequence.

[0006] In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided. Optionally, the execution subject of the method can be a transmitter, a component or device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system) applied to the transmitter, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of the transmitter. The method includes: receiving first information, the first information is used to indicate at least one of the intensity of signal-dependent noise (SDN) measured by the receiver, and the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiver; and sending first data, the first data being data shaped by the transmitter using a sending pulse shaping waveform, the sending pulse shaping waveform being determined based on the first information.

[0007] The transmitting end may be a network device, such as a base station. The receiving end may be a terminal device, such as a user equipment (UE). Similarly, the transmitting end may be a terminal device and the receiving end may be a network device. Signal-dependent noise may be caused by non-idealities at the receiving end. The signal in this application may be a band-limited signal, i.e., a signal with limited bandwidth. The channel for transmitting the signal may be, for example, a visible light channel, or other channels such as electromagnetic waves, sound waves, wired light, wireless light, laser, terahertz, or high-frequency channels. This application does not limit the channel for transmitting the signal.

[0008] That is to say, in the present application, before the transmitting end sends data to the receiving end, the transmitting pulse shaping waveform can be determined based on at least one of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end, and / or the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise, or in other words, the transmitting filter sequence can be determined. Taking into account the fact that the noise power is positively correlated with the received signal power, that is, the stronger the signal, the stronger the noise, the influence of the signal-dependent noise makes the signal-dependent noise intensity at the receiving end related to the transmitting filter and the receiving filter. Therefore, compared with the existing channel, in which there is signal-dependent noise, but the signal-dependent noise is not considered in the design of the transmitting filter sequence, resulting in a high system bit error rate, the present application can make the design of the transmitting filter sequence take into account the influence of the signal-dependent noise, so as to reduce the system bit error rate and improve system performance.

[0009] In one possible design, before sending the first data, the method further includes: receiving second information indicating channel state information measured by the receiving end. In other words, the present application can also consider the channel state when designing the transmit filter sequence / transmit pulse shaping waveform to further reduce the system's bit error rate and improve system performance.

[0010] In one possible design, the method further includes transmitting third information indicating a receive pulse shaping waveform at the receiving end, where the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information and the second information. This allows the design of the receive pulse shaping waveform / receive filtering sequence at the receiving end to take into account the effects of signal-dependent noise, thereby reducing the system's bit error rate and improving system performance.

[0011] In one possible design, the third information includes a first index value; the first index value is the sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information; the fourth information includes the first information and the second information, and the sequence index number corresponds to the transmit filter sequence of the transmitter and the receive filter sequence of the receiver. In other words, the transmitter can indicate the receive filter sequence to the receiver using the index value, so that the receiver can find the receive filter sequence corresponding to the index value based on the index value. This indication method using index values ​​can reduce the complexity of signaling transmission and reduce signaling overhead.

[0012] In one possible design, the third information also includes a second index value; the first index value is the sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the second index value; and the second index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the first configuration information of the transmitting end. This design is equivalent to storing two types of lookup tables in the receiving end. The second index value can be obtained by first using one of the general lookup tables, and then the first index value can be obtained by searching the sub-lookup table corresponding to the second index value. A general lookup table corresponds to one or more sub-lookup tables. The indication information finally sent to the receiving end includes not only the first index value, but also the second index value. The receiving end can perform two searches using these two index values ​​to ultimately determine the receiving filter sequence. This indication method using index values ​​can reduce the complexity of signaling transmission and reduce signaling overhead.

[0013] In one possible design, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the first configuration information. In other words, the transmit filtering sequence and the receive filtering sequence are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the first configuration information.

[0014] In one possible design, the first configuration information includes bandwidth information and at least one of the following: the number of sampling points per symbol, the bandwidth expansion factor, the shaped pulse symbol span, the shaped pulse out-of-band suppression threshold, the inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, and the bit error rate or symbol error rate. In this way, in a band-limited channel determined by the bandwidth information, the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence can be configured to reduce the system's bit error rate and improve system performance while taking into account the influence of signal-dependent noise. Furthermore, when designing the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence, the influence of the factors in the second configuration information is also taken into account, thereby improving system performance.

[0015] In one possible design, the third information includes a third index value, which is the vector index number corresponding to the fourth information. The fourth information includes the first information and the second information. The vector index number corresponds to the first transmit filter coefficient at the transmitter and the first receive filter coefficient at the receiver. Thus, the receiver can use the third index value to find the corresponding transmit filter vector and receive filter vector, or in other words, find the first transmit filter coefficient and the first receive filter coefficient, which can then be substituted into the calculation model to obtain the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence. This method of indicating the transmit filter vector and the receive filter vector by index value can reduce the complexity of signaling transmission and reduce signaling overhead.

[0016] In one possible design, the third information also includes a fourth index value, where the third index value is the vector index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value, and the fourth index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the second configuration information of the transmitter. This approach is also equivalent to obtaining two index values: a third index value and a fourth index value, through two types of lookup tables. That is, the fourth index value is first obtained through one of the general lookup tables, and then the third index value is obtained by searching the sub-lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value. A general lookup table corresponds to one or more sub-lookup tables. This method of indicating the sending filter vector and the receiving filter vector through index values ​​can reduce the complexity of signaling transmission and reduce signaling overhead.

[0017] In one possible design, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the second configuration information.

[0018] In one possible design, the second configuration information includes at least one of the following: a bandwidth expansion factor, a shaped pulse order at the transmitter, a shaped pulse order at the receiver, an inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, and a bit error rate or a symbol error rate. This is equivalent to considering the influence of the factors in the second configuration information when designing the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence, thereby improving system performance.

[0019] In one possible design, the third information includes a receiving filter sequence of the receiving end. This is equivalent to the transmitting end directly sending the receiving filter sequence determined by considering signal-dependent noise to the receiving end through signaling, thereby reducing the system's bit error rate and improving system performance.

[0020] In one possible design, the third information includes a receive filter vector of the receiving end, which is used to determine the receive filter sequence of the receiving end. This is equivalent to the transmitting end directly sending the receive filter vector, which is determined by taking signal-dependent noise into account, to the receiving end through signaling. The receiving end then determines the receive filter sequence based on the receive filter vector, thereby reducing the system's bit error rate and improving system performance.

[0021] In one possible design, before receiving the first information, the method further includes: sending a measurement sequence, where the measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information. That is, when determining the channel state information, the receiving end may measure the measurement sequence sent by the transmitting end. In this way, when the measurement sequence is transmitted to the receiving end via the channel, the receiving end can obtain more accurate channel state information.

[0022] In a second aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which includes: sending first information, where the first information is used to indicate at least one of the strength of signal-dependent noise measured by a receiving end, and the ratio of the strength of the signal-dependent noise to the strength of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiving end; receiving first data, and demodulating the first data according to a received pulse shaping waveform, where the received pulse shaping waveform is determined based on the first information.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the second aspect can be found in the description of the first aspect.

[0024] In one possible design, before receiving the first data, the method further includes: sending second information, where the second information is used to indicate channel state information measured by the receiving end.

[0025] In one possible design, the method further includes: receiving third information, where the third information is used to indicate a received pulse shaping waveform, where the received pulse shaping waveform is determined based on the first information and the second information.

[0026] In one possible design, the third information includes a first index value; the first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information; the fourth information includes the first information and the second information, and the sequence index number corresponds to the sending filtering sequence of the transmitting end and the receiving filtering sequence of the receiving end.

[0027] In one possible design, the third information also includes a second index value; the first index value is the sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the second index value; the second index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the first configuration information of the sending end.

[0028] In one possible design, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the first configuration information.

[0029] In one possible design, the first configuration information includes bandwidth information and at least one of the following information: the number of sampling points for each symbol, the bandwidth expansion factor, the shaped pulse symbol span, the shaped pulse out-of-band suppression threshold, the inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, the bit error rate or the symbol error rate.

[0030] In one possible design, the third information includes a third index value, which is a vector index number corresponding to the fourth information; the fourth information includes the first information and the second information; the vector index number corresponds to the first transmitting filter coefficient of the transmitting end and the first receiving filter coefficient of the receiving end.

[0031] In one possible design, the third information also includes a fourth index value, where the third index value is the vector index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value, and the fourth index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the second configuration information of the sending end.

[0032] In one possible design, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the second configuration information.

[0033] In one possible design, the second configuration information includes at least one of the following information: a bandwidth expansion factor, a shaping pulse order at the transmitting end, a shaping pulse order at the receiving end, an inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, a bit error rate, or a symbol error rate.

[0034] In one possible design, the third information includes a receiving filtering sequence at the receiving end.

[0035] In one possible design, the third information includes a reception filtering vector of the receiving end, and the reception filtering vector is used to determine a reception filtering sequence of the receiving end.

[0036] In one possible design, before sending the first information, the method further includes: receiving a measurement sequence, where the measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information.

[0037] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a module for executing the method of the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, and / or the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect.

[0038] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, including: a receiving unit for receiving first information, the first information being used to indicate at least one of the strength of signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end, and the ratio of the strength of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end to the strength of the signal-independent noise; a sending unit for sending first data, the first data being data shaped by the sending end through a sending pulse shaping waveform, and the sending pulse shaping waveform being determined based on the first information.

[0039] In one possible design, the receiving unit is further used to receive second information, where the second information is used to indicate channel state information measured by the receiving end.

[0040] In one possible design, the sending unit is further used to send third information, where the third information is used to indicate a receiving pulse shaping waveform at the receiving end, and the sending pulse shaping waveform and the receiving pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information and the second information.

[0041] In a possible design, the sending unit is further configured to send a measurement sequence, where the measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information.

[0042] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes: a sending unit for sending first information, the first information being used to indicate at least one of the strength of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end, and the ratio of the strength of the signal-dependent noise to the strength of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiving end; a receiving unit for receiving first data and demodulating the first data according to a received pulse shaping waveform, the received pulse shaping waveform being determined based on the first information.

[0043] In one possible design, the sending unit is further used to send second information, where the second information is used to indicate channel state information measured by the receiving end.

[0044] In one possible design, the receiving unit is further used to receive third information, where the third information is used to indicate a received pulse shaping waveform, and the received pulse shaping waveform is determined based on the first information and the second information.

[0045] In a possible design, the receiving unit is further used to receive a measurement sequence, where the measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information.

[0046] In the fourth and fifth aspects:

[0047] In one possible design, the third information includes a first index value; the first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information; the fourth information includes the first information and the second information, and the sequence index number corresponds to the sending filtering sequence of the transmitting end and the receiving filtering sequence of the receiving end.

[0048] In one possible design, the third information also includes a second index value; the first index value is the sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the second index value; the second index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the first configuration information of the sending end.

[0049] In one possible design, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the first configuration information.

[0050] In one possible design, the first configuration information includes bandwidth information and at least one of the following information: the number of sampling points for each symbol, the bandwidth expansion factor, the shaped pulse symbol span, the shaped pulse out-of-band suppression threshold, the inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, the bit error rate or the symbol error rate.

[0051] In one possible design, the third information includes a third index value, which is a vector index number corresponding to the fourth information; the fourth information includes the first information and the second information; the vector index number corresponds to the first transmitting filter coefficient of the transmitting end and the first receiving filter coefficient of the receiving end.

[0052] In one possible design, the third information also includes a fourth index value, where the third index value is the vector index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value, and the fourth index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the second configuration information of the sending end.

[0053] In one possible design, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined based on the first information, the second information, and the second configuration information.

[0054] In one possible design, the second configuration information includes at least one of the following information: a bandwidth expansion factor, a shaping pulse order at the transmitting end, a shaping pulse order at the receiving end, an inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, a bit error rate, or a symbol error rate.

[0055] In one possible design, the third information includes a receiving filtering sequence at the receiving end.

[0056] In one possible design, the third information includes a reception filtering vector of the receiving end, and the reception filtering vector is used to determine a reception filtering sequence of the receiving end.

[0057] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor being connected to a memory, the at least one processor being used to read and execute a program stored in the memory, so that the device executes the method described in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, and / or the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect.

[0058] In the seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, including a receiver for receiving first information, the first information being used to indicate at least one of the strength of signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end and the ratio of the strength of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end to the strength of the signal-independent noise; and a transmitter for sending first data, the first data being data shaped by the transmitting end through a sending pulse shaping waveform, and the sending pulse shaping waveform being determined based on the first information.

[0059] In an eighth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a transmitter for sending first information, the first information being used to indicate at least one of the strength of signal-dependent noise measured by a receiving end and the ratio of the strength of the signal-dependent noise to the strength of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiving end; and a receiver for receiving first data and demodulating the first data according to a received pulse-shaped waveform, the received pulse-shaped waveform being determined based on the first information.

[0060] In a ninth aspect, a chip is provided, which stores computer execution instructions. When the computer execution instructions are executed, the method described in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, and / or the method described in the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect are executed.

[0061] In the tenth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising a first communication device and a second communication device, wherein the first communication device is used to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, and the second communication device is used to execute the method described in the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect.

[0062] In the eleventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, comprising computer instructions, which, when the computer instructions are executed on a communication device, enable the communication device to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, and / or the method described in the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect.

[0063] In the twelfth aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising computer instructions, which, when the computer instructions are run on a communication device, enable the communication device to execute the method described in the first aspect and any possible design of the first aspect, and / or the method described in the second aspect and any possible design of the second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a transmission model provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of time domain waveforms of a transmit filter and a receive filter obtained by a design method based on a finite-length sequence provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of frequency domain waveforms of a transmit filter and a receive filter obtained by a design method based on a finite-length sequence provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of time domain waveforms of a transmit filter and a receive filter obtained by a model-based design method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of frequency domain waveforms of a transmit filter and a receive filter obtained by a model-based design method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of adding a time-varying offset to a transmission waveform in an electrical channel to eliminate the non-negativity requirement of a transmission filter, according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of bit error rate performance of different schemes after passing through an ideal low-pass channel provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG9 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG10 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of sequence values ​​of a sending filtering sequence and a receiving filtering sequence in a sequence 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] FIG12 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" means two or more than two.

[0079] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0080] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system 1000 used in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1 , the communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 100. RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (e.g., 110a and 110b in Figure 1 , collectively referred to as 110) and may also include at least one terminal (e.g., 120a-120j in Figure 1 , collectively referred to as 120). RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1 ). Terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to RAN node 110. Terminals and RAN nodes may be connected to each other via wired or wireless connections. Communication system 1000 may also include a core network 200. RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wiredly connected to core network 200. Core network devices in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 may be separate, distinct physical devices, or they may be a single physical device that integrates the logical functions of core network devices and RAN nodes. The communication system 1000 may also include the Internet 300 .

[0081] RAN100 may be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) system, a new radio (NR) system, or a future radio access system defined in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). RAN100 may also include two or more of the aforementioned different radio access systems. RAN100 may also be an open RAN (O-RAN).

[0082] A RAN node, also known as a radio access network device, RAN entity, or access node, facilitates wireless access to a communication system by a terminal. In one application scenario, a RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in a fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system, a next-generation base station in a sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication system, or a base station in a future mobile communication system. A RAN node can be a macro base station (such as 110a in Figure 1), a micro base station, an indoor station (such as 110b in Figure 1), a relay node, or a donor node.

[0083] In another application scenario, multiple RAN nodes can collaborate to help terminals achieve wireless access, with different RAN nodes implementing portions of the base station's functions. For example, a RAN node can be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU). The CU implements the base station's radio resource control protocol and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, as well as the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions. The DU implements the base station's radio link control layer and medium access control (MAC) layer functions, as well as some or all of the physical layer functions. For detailed descriptions of each of the above protocol layers, please refer to the relevant 3GPP technical specifications. The RU can be used to implement the transmission and reception of radio frequency signals. The CU and DU can be two independent RAN nodes, or they can be integrated into the same RAN node, such as in a baseband unit (BBU). The RU can be included in radio frequency equipment, such as a remote radio unit (RRU) or an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU can be further divided into two types of RAN nodes: CU-control plane and CU-user plane.

[0084] In different systems, RAN nodes may have different names. For example, in an O-RAN system, a CU may be called an open CU (O-CU), a DU may be called an open DU (O-DU), and a RU may be called an open RU (O-RU). The RAN node in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module. For example, the RAN node may be a server loaded with the corresponding software module. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the RAN node. For ease of description, the following description takes a base station as an example of a RAN node.

[0085] A terminal is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities that can send signals to a base station or receive signals from a base station. A terminal may also be referred to as a terminal device, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, etc. A terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable device, vehicle, airplane, ship, robot, robotic arm, smart home device, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the terminal.

[0086] Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of base stations and terminals.

[0087] The roles of base stations and terminals can be relative. For example, the helicopter or drone 120i in Figure 1 can be configured as a mobile base station. To terminals 120j accessing the wireless access network 100 via 120i, terminal 120i is a base station. However, to base station 110a, 120i is a terminal, meaning that communication between 110a and 120i occurs via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, communication between 110a and 120i can also occur via a base station-to-base station interface protocol. In this case, 120i is also a base station relative to 110a. Therefore, base stations and terminals can be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be referred to as communication devices with base station functionality, while 120a-120j in Figure 1 can be referred to as communication devices with terminal functionality.

[0088] Communication between base stations and terminals, between base stations, and between terminals can be carried out through authorized spectrum, unauthorized spectrum, or both; communication can be carried out through spectrum below 6 gigahertz (GHz), spectrum above 6 GHz, or spectrum below 6 GHz and spectrum above 6 GHz. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0089] In the embodiments of the present application, the functions of the base station may also be performed by a module (such as a chip) in the base station, or by a control subsystem that includes the base station functions. The control subsystem that includes the base station functions here may be a control center in the above-mentioned application scenarios such as smart grid, industrial control, smart transportation, and smart city. The functions of the terminal may also be performed by a module (such as a chip or modem) in the terminal, or by a device that includes the terminal functions.

[0090] IM / DD technology is widely used in OWC systems due to its low complexity. In IM / DD channels, information is typically transferred to the instantaneous light intensity of the light source, so all transmitted signals must be strictly non-negative. Furthermore, due to device characteristics such as LEDs and multipath distortion, IM / DD channels are often bandwidth-limited. While bandwidth-limited signals have been extensively studied in electrical channels, research on non-negative, band-limited signals in bandwidth-limited optical intensity channels remains limited.

[0091] Currently, some theories have explored the characteristics of Nyquist waveforms in optical intensity channels. Due to the non-negativity constraint on the transmitter, the bandwidth of the Nyquist waveform in the optical intensity channel is twice that of the Nyquist waveform in the electrical channel, and the square of the time domain of the Nyquist waveform in the electrical channel is the same as the Nyquist waveform in the optical intensity channel. Furthermore, there are no bandwidth-limited RMS Nyquist waveforms in the optical intensity channel, only time-limited RMS Nyquist waveforms. In this technical theory, the transmit filter and matched (receive) filter considered are still the structures used in the electrical channel. For example, if the transmit filter on the transmitter is a Nyquist waveform, a sampling receiver can be considered on the receiver. Alternatively, if the transmit filter on the transmitter is a Nyquist waveform, the same matched filter waveform can be used on the receiver. However, given the differences between optical intensity signals and electrical channels, directly using the filter design of the electrical channel in the optical intensity channel can easily lead to a high symbol error rate (SER) during data transmission at both the transmitter and receiver, resulting in a decrease in data throughput.

[0092] While some current design methods consider adding a time-varying offset to the transmit waveform in traditional telecom channels to eliminate the non-negativity requirement for the transmit filter, allowing the use of the filter structure in the telecom channel, the addition of a time-varying offset reduces system power efficiency. Therefore, at the same transmit power, this solution's performance is slightly inferior to that of a solution without a time-varying offset. Furthermore, the issue of high SER still exists.

[0093] Another design approach, instead of relying on the transmit and matched filter structures used in traditional telecommunication channels, directly formulates a specific optimization problem to generate discrete transmit and receive filter sequences. Compared to the aforementioned approach, which directly uses structures from the telecommunication channel, this proposed technique achieves higher performance gains within a specific excess bandwidth. However, this design approach only considers how to generate transmit and receive filter sequences under specific constraints, without considering the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. Therefore, the filters designed using this approach do not necessarily guarantee bit error rate performance.

[0094] This is because in OWC systems, the receiving end not only experiences thermal noise but also shot noise that depends on the input signal itself, making the system noise signal-dependent noise (SDN). The noise power is positively correlated with the received signal power; that is, the stronger the signal, the stronger the noise. Current designs for band-limited signals in communication systems, whether optical or radio frequency, fail to consider the impact of SDN on the system; the receiving end only considers thermal noise, which is independent of the signal. Therefore, traditional matched filters are not applicable in the case of SDN, making the design of band-limited signals for signal-dependent noise particularly important.

[0095] Furthermore, due to the non-negativity of the optical intensity channel's transmitter, directly using the pulse waveform of a traditional electrical channel in the optical intensity channel will result in clipping distortion, degrading system performance. Furthermore, due to the influence of signal-correlated noise (SCN), the SCN intensity at the receiver is correlated with the transmit and receive filters. Therefore, the design of these filters will significantly impact the system's bit error rate performance.

[0096] This application is mainly aimed at wireless optical communication systems with signal-dependent noise, and proposes a band-limited signal design method for communication systems with signal-dependent noise, including determining system parameters, establishing a transmission model, establishing a band-limited signal optimization design, and constructing a band-limited signal control process. Among them, establishing the band-limited signal optimization design includes two methods: one is a design method based on a finite-length sequence, and the other is a design method based on a model. This application is different from the existing band-limited signal design scheme that only considers signal-independent noise. The transmission model considered in this application is more in line with the actual wireless optical communication system, and the designed filter can improve the system's bit error rate performance.

[0097] In the band-limited signal control process of these two design methods, the transmitting end can receive information from the receiving end indicating the intensity of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiving end, the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end to the intensity of the signal-independent noise, and the channel state information measured by the receiving end. The transmitting end can design the transmitting filter and the receiving filter based on this information, that is, obtain the transmitting pulse shaping waveform and the receiving pulse shaping waveform. The transmitting end then sends the receiving pulse shaping waveform to the receiving end, and when there is data to be sent, it is shaped by the transmitting pulse shaping waveform. The receiving end can demodulate the received data according to the receiving pulse shaping waveform. In this way, in the channel for transmitting signals, in the presence of signal-dependent noise, the present application can design a new pulse shaping waveform. Compared with the existing problem of poor bit error rate performance of the system when signal-dependent noise is not considered, the filter designed in the present application can improve the bit error rate performance of the system and improve system performance.

[0098] It should be noted that this application is not limited to applications in optical intensity channels within wireless optical communication systems, i.e., not limited to visible light. This application can be applied to any communication system with signal-dependent noise, such as visible light, laser, terahertz, or high-frequency communication systems.

[0099] The following introduces the design process or design criteria of the transmit filter and the receive filter in this application.

[0100] As shown in Figure 2, a schematic diagram of a transmission model provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. For the transmitting end, when there is data to be sent, phase amplitude modulation (PAM) modulation can be performed first, that is, pulse amplitude modulation can be performed, and then transmission filtering can be performed to obtain the signal s(t) to be sent, which is sent through an optical channel, such as a light-emitting diode (LED). The receiving end receives the signal y(t) through a photodetector (PD), then performs reception filtering, and then performs PAM demodulation on the filtered signal r(t).

[0101] In some embodiments, the PAM modulation in this application may use 4PAM modulation. Based on this, with reference to FIG2 , the received signal model of the receiving end established in this application can be expressed as:

[0102] Where y(t) represents the received signal at the receiving end; n0(t) represents the signal-independent noise / thermal noise with a variance of σ 2 =3.1×10 -6 ;n s (t) represents the signal-dependent noise, and the ratio of the signal-dependent noise to the signal-independent noise is η 2 =40; h represents the channel, for example, the value can be [0.04:0.015:0.14]; represents signal-dependent noise SDN; s(t) is the time domain output model after shaping filtering at the transmitter, or s(t) is the transmitted signal at the transmitter. s(t) can be expressed as:

[0103] Among them, a i ∈Ω,a i Represents the constellation point used by the i-th transmission symbol sent by the transmitter, and the symbol ∈ represents the relationship; T B represents the sending symbol interval; p(t) represents the sending filter; for wireless optical communication transmitters, it is necessary to ensure that p(t) ≥ 0.

[0104] The receiving end processes the received signal using the receiving filter f(t) and establishes the following signal model r(t) after the receiving end filter. r(t) can be expressed as:

[0105] Where r(t) represents the signal after filtering at the receiving end; the symbol Represents a convolution operation.

[0106] Based on the design of the above transmission model, this application considers signal-independent noise and signal-dependent noise. If a band-limited signal optimization design is established in a wireless optical communication system, this application needs to maximize the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR1 after filtering at the receiving end. SINR1 can be expressed as:

[0107] Among them, a M Indicates the highest order (M) modulation; f(kT B ) represents the received pulse shaping waveform; p(kT B ) represents the transmission pulse shaping waveform; Indicates the inter-symbol interference strength; Indicates the intensity of signal-dependent noise; Indicates the intensity of signal-independent noise; ak indicates k-order modulation; Indicates the useful signal strength.

[0108] That is to say, when designing a band-limited signal, or designing a transmit filter and a receive filter, the present application can maximize the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) after filtering at the receiving end. L The optimization target is SINR. L The factors that affect the signal include not only signal-independent noise at the receiving end, but also signal-dependent noise. Thus, in the presence of signal-dependent noise in the signal transmission channel, the present invention can design a new pulse shaping waveform. Compared with the existing system's poor bit error rate performance caused by only considering signal-independent noise such as thermal noise without considering signal-dependent noise, the filter designed in the present invention can improve the system's bit error rate performance and enhance system performance.

[0109] Based on the above optimization objectives or design criteria, the embodiments of the present application can provide two filter design methods, one is a design method based on a finite-length sequence, and the other is a design method based on a model.

[0110] Among them, in the design method based on the finite length sequence, the present application can maximize the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR after filtering at the receiving end. L In order to optimize the goal and based on some constraints of the filter, a finite-length discrete sequence of the transmitting filter and a finite-length discrete sequence of the receiving filter are designed, or in other words, a transmitting filtering sequence of the transmitting filter and a receiving filtering sequence of the receiving filter are obtained, or in other words, a transmitting pulse shaping waveform and a receiving pulse shaping waveform are obtained.

[0111] In the model-based design method, the SINR lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio after maximizing the receiver filtering can be obtained by LTo optimize the objective and based on certain constraints in the filter design, both the transmit filter and the receive filter are characterized by band-limited signals with limited data points. In other words, the present application designs a coefficient vector / vector indicating the transmit filter and the receive filter based on a fixed function expression. The transmitter can further obtain a transmit filter sequence for the transmit filter based on the coefficient vector / vector indicating the transmit filter, and the receiver can further obtain a receive filter sequence for the receive filter based on the coefficient vector / vector indicating the receive filter.

[0112] In some embodiments, for the design method based on finite length sequence, the present application makes the time domain discrete sequence of the transmitting filter be represented by the finite length discrete sequence p(n), and the time domain discrete sequence of the receiving filter be represented by the finite length discrete sequence f(n). The present application can select the filter symbol span to be N s =8, the oversampling multiple is D=16, and the total sampling points are D·N s =128. The time domain sampling interval is The frequency domain sampling interval is Of course, this application does not limit the filter symbol span N s =8, and the oversampling multiple D=16 is not limited. The following implementation method uses N s =8, D=16 as an example for explanation.

[0113] In addition, the design method based on finite-length sequences needs to consider the non-negative constraints of the transmit filter, that is, the time-domain discrete sequence of the transmit filter must satisfy the following non-negative constraint C1:

[0114] C1: p(n)≥0, 1≤n≤128.

[0115] The design method based on finite-length sequences also needs to consider the band-limited constraints of the transmit and receive filters. Let P(n) represent the frequency-domain discrete sequence of the transmit filter and F(n) represent the frequency-domain discrete sequence of the receive filter, then P(n) and F(n) need to satisfy the following constraint C2:

[0116] Among them, B represents the out-of-band strength threshold, for example, it can be -30dB; α represents the bandwidth expansion factor, for example, it can be 1.

[0117] The design method based on finite-length sequences also needs to minimize the inter-symbol interference intensity at the sampling point. Therefore, the transmit filter and receive filter also need to meet the following constraint C3:

[0118] in, It can be understood as the inter-symbol interference strength of the signal sent by the transmitter;ISI Indicates the inter-symbol interference threshold, for example, a value of -20dB.

[0119] Based on the above description, the design method based on finite length sequences in this application generates the following characterizations of the discrete time sequence p(n) of the transmit filter and the discrete time sequence f(n) of the receive filter:

[0120] 1) To maximize the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) after filtering at the receiving end l To optimize the goal:

[0121] The discretized transmit filter p(t) and receive filter f(t) must satisfy the following equations / constraints:

[0122] That is to say, in this application, the time-domain discrete sequence p(n) of the transmitting filter and the time-domain discrete sequence f(n) of the receiving filter must satisfy the constraints of C1, C2 and C3 above.

[0123] 2) Optionally, in addition, the present application maximizes the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR after filtering at the receiving end. l To optimize the target, when designing the transmit filter and the receive filter, the transmit filter time domain discrete sequence p(n) and the receive filter time domain discrete sequence f(n) must also meet the optical power constraint of the transmitter. and the electrical power constraints at the receiving end Therefore, in order to maximize the lower bound of SINR after filtering at the receiving end l To optimize the objective, the discretized transmit filter p(t) and receive filter f(t) must satisfy the following equations / constraints:

[0124] 3) Optionally, based on the design of the transmit filter sequence of the transmit filter and the receive filter sequence of the receive filter according to the above constraints and optimization objectives, the present application can also perform low-multiple sampling or high-multiple sampling, or up-sampling or down-sampling, on the filter sequence of the transmit filter p(t) and the receive filter f(t) to obtain the optimized transmit filter sequence and receive filter sequence.

[0125] For example, the optimized transmit filter sequence and receive filter sequence can be obtained by decimating or interpolating the tap coefficients of the transmit filter sequence and receive filter sequence designed based on the above constraints and optimization objectives. This can further reduce the sequence length of the transmit filter sequence and receive filter sequence, thereby reducing resource overhead during data transmission.

[0126] In some embodiments, for the model-based design method, when both the transmit filter and the receive filter are characterized by band-limited signals with finite data points, in the embodiment of the present application, the transmit filter p(t) can be expressed as in, represents a band-limited signal with a limited number of data points with a bandwidth of 0.5B. For example, It can be expressed as:

[0127] Among them, Jp represents The number of data points selected, for example, can be 11; c j express The coefficient of the j-th data point.

[0128] The receive filter f(t) can be expressed as:

[0129] Among them, J f represents the number of data points selected in f(t), for example, the value can be 11; v j represents the coefficient of the jth data point in f(t).

[0130] Based on the above description of the transmit filter p(t) and receive filter f(t) in the model-based design method, in some embodiments, the transmit filter p(t) and receive filter f(t) generated by the model-based design method of this application may be characterized as follows:

[0131] 1) To maximize the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) after filtering at the receiving end l To optimize the goal:

[0132] The above coefficient c j and v j It can be obtained by solving the following optimization problem:

[0133] That is to say, in this model-based design method, the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) after filtering at the receiving end can be maximized. l As the optimization goal, that is, to meet the above constraint C3, and There are Jp data points in f(t), and J f In the case of coefficients for data points, the coefficient vector and To optimize the target or the variable, a transmit filter p(t) and a receive filter f(t) are obtained.

[0134] 2) Optionally, in addition, when designing the transmit filter p(t) and the receive filter f(t) using the model-based design method, the transmit filter p(t) must also satisfy the optical power constraint of the transmitter: The receiving filter f(t) must meet the receiving end's electrical power constraints:

[0135] Therefore, with the optimization goal of maximizing the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR1 after filtering at the receiving end, the transmit filter p(t) and receive filter f(t) designed in this application can be characterized as follows:

[0136] The following is an exemplary description of the beneficial effects of designing the transmit filter p(t) and the receive filter f(t) using the finite-length sequence-based design method and the model-based design method of the present application.

[0137] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the time domain waveforms of the transmit filter and receive filter obtained by a design method based on a finite length sequence, including the time domain waveform p(t) of the transmit filter, the time domain waveform f(t) of the receive filter, and the time domain waveform x(t) of the inter-symbol interference intensity. The horizontal axis represents the sampling time / transmit symbol interval (T B ), the vertical axis represents the normalized waveform magnitude. Among them, p(t) can be understood as the time domain waveform before sampling, and p(n) can be understood as the time domain waveform after sampling.

[0138] As can be seen from FIG3, through the design method of the finite length sequence of the present application, the time domain sequence p(t) of the transmitting filter meets the requirement of p(t) ≥ 0, and the receiving filter f(t) is not restricted by the non-negativity constraint, that is, the receiving filter f(t) can be less than 0. In addition, it can be seen that at the sampling position t = iT B , i≠0, the inter-symbol interference intensity of x(t) is very low. Specifically, in the time domain waveform of the inter-symbol interference intensity x(t), sampling time 0 can be interpreted as the normalized intensity of the useful signal / symbol received by the receiver being 1, and the value of x(t) corresponding to sampling time 1 can be interpreted as the interference value for the first adjacent symbol. It can be seen that the inter-symbol interference intensity x(t) is close to 0, indicating that the inter-symbol interference intensity is very low.

[0139] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the frequency domain waveforms of the transmit filter and receive filter obtained by a design method based on a finite length sequence, including the frequency domain waveform P(w) of the transmit filter, the frequency domain waveform F(w) of the receive filter, and the time domain waveform of the inter-symbol interference intensity X(w). The horizontal axis represents the sampling frequency, i.e., 1 / TB , the vertical axis represents the normalized magnitude of the waveform. Here, X(w) = P(w) × F(w). In this application, P(w) can be understood as the frequency domain waveform before sampling, and P(n) can be understood as the frequency domain waveform after sampling.

[0140] As can be seen from Figure 4, through the design method of the finite-length sequence of the present application, it can be seen that the out-band spectrum amplitude is much smaller than the in-band spectrum amplitude, usually more than 100 times smaller. Therefore, it can be seen that the out-band power is more than 40dB smaller than the in-band power. For example, the in-band frequency is, for example, between [-2, +2], or between [-1, +1]. In other words, if the bandwidth of the transmitting end is limited, the signal near frequency 0 is stronger, and the signal strength outside the bandwidth is weaker. In other words, the signal / energy outside the bandwidth can be effectively suppressed, and the signal sent from the transmitting end to the receiving end does not cause excessive interference to other communication systems.

[0141] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the time domain waveforms of the transmit filter and receive filter obtained by a model-based design method. Similar to the design method based on finite length sequences, it can be seen that under the model-based design method, the time domain p(t) of the transmit filter meets the requirement of p(t) ≥ 0, and at the sampling position t = iT B , i≠0, the inter-symbol interference intensity of x(t) is also very low.

[0142] Figure 6 shows the frequency domain waveforms of the transmit and receive filters obtained using a model-based design approach. Similar to the finite-length sequence-based design approach, the filter spectrum obtained using the model-based design approach is smoother and the out-of-band spectrum amplitude is lower, over 1000 times smaller than the in-band spectrum amplitude. Consequently, the out-of-band power is over 60 dB lower than the in-band power.

[0143] In some embodiments, the channel bandwidth may be strictly limited to range, thus eliminating the components of the out-of-band signals generated by the transmit and receive filters.

[0144] In order to demonstrate the effect of the filter designed in this application, a comparative explanation is given below.

[0145] Compared with the theory of exploring the characteristics of the Nyquist waveform of the optical intensity channel, the problem of high symbol error rate in the data transmission process caused by applying the filter structure in the electrical channel to the optical intensity channel is considered. When designing the transmitting filter and the receiving filter, the present application takes into account the constraints in the optical intensity channel, and takes maximizing the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR1 after filtering at the receiving end as the optimization goal. The transmitting filter and the receiving filter obtained by the sequence-based method or the model-based method have a large performance gain and can reduce the symbol error rate of the optical intensity channel when transmitting data.

[0146] As shown in Figure 7, it is a schematic diagram of adding a time-varying bias to the transmission waveform in the telecommunication channel to eliminate the non-negativity requirement of the transmission filter. This solution adds a time-varying bias to the transmission waveform in the telecommunication channel to eliminate the non-negativity of the transmission filter, that is, the transmitting end is a raised cosine filter (RC) with a time-varying bias b(t), and the receiving end is a sampling receiving filter. It is necessary to add a time-varying bias b(t) to the signal after filtering at the transmitting end. In this way, the receiving end also needs to remove the time-varying bias before performing data demodulation, and the system complexity is relatively large. The transmitting filter and receiving filter designed in this application have added more operating steps, that is, they take into account the constraints in the optical intensity channel, and take maximizing the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR1 after filtering at the receiving end as the optimization goal, which can reduce the symbol error rate of the optical intensity channel when transmitting data, and the system complexity is relatively small.

[0147] In order to more intuitively illustrate the effect of the filter designed by the present application, FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing the bit error rate performance comparison of different schemes after passing through an ideal low-pass channel. The horizontal axis represents the incident optical power at the transmitting end (in μW), and the vertical axis represents the symbol error rate (SER). Among them, curve ① shows the symbol error rate curve under a filter design using a raised cosine filter (RC) + sampling reception + DC bias; curve ② shows the symbol error rate curve under a filter design using S2 + sampling reception; curve ③ shows the symbol error rate curve under a filter design using a root raised cosine pulse filter (RRC) + matched filter; curve ④ shows the symbol error rate curve under a filter design using a root raised cosine pulse filter (RRC) + matched filter + DC bias; curve ⑤ shows the symbol error rate curve under the filter design method using a finite length sequence; curve ⑥ shows the symbol error rate curve under the filter design method based on the model of the present application. It can be seen that compared with the schemes corresponding to curves ① to ④, the two design schemes of the present application have a larger performance gain and a lower symbol error rate. The sequence-based design method achieves a lower symbol error rate than the model-based design method. For example, when applied to a wireless optical communication system containing signal-correlated noise, this application can reduce the symbol error rate of the wireless optical communication system and improve transmission throughput.

[0148] Based on the above introduction to the design criteria of the transmit filter, the application process of this design criterion, that is, the application process during data transmission, is introduced below.

[0149] FIG9 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which includes the following process.

[0150] 901. A receiving end sends first information to a transmitting end, where the first information is used to indicate at least one of a strength of signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end and a ratio of a strength of the signal-dependent noise to a strength of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiving end.

[0151] Correspondingly, the sending end receives the first information from the receiving end.

[0152] For example, the transmitting end may be, for example, a RAN node in the communication system shown in FIG1 , such as a base station, satellite, or ground, and the receiving end may be, for example, a terminal in the communication system shown in FIG1 , such as a UE. That is, in this application, before the transmitting end and the receiving end communicate data, the transmitting end may design the transmitting filter and the receiving filter.

[0153] Of course, in some scenarios, due to the bidirectional communication of the channel, the sending end can also execute the method flow of the receiving end, and the receiving end can also execute the method flow of the sending end.

[0154] In some embodiments, the design of channels, such as transmit and receive filters in an optical intensity channel, is based on the present application, considering that current designs for band-limited signals in communication systems do not consider the impact of signal-dependent noise, resulting in a high symbol error rate (SER) during data transmission. Furthermore, if the filter design used in the electrical channel is directly applied, the waveform characteristics of the optical intensity channel differ from those of the electrical channel, and the filter design in the electrical channel does not consider the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end, resulting in poor bit error rate performance. In the present application, before sending data to the receiving end, the transmitting end may first obtain from the receiving end at least one of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end and the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end to the intensity of the signal-independent noise. This facilitates the transmitting end to consider not only the impact of SER but also the impact of SER when designing transmit and receive filters, or in other words, when designing transmit and receive pulse shaping waveforms.

[0155] The signal-independent noise may be, for example, thermal noise. The signal-dependent noise may be understood as noise generated by the non-ideality of devices at the receiving end.

[0156] In relation to the above-mentioned band-limited signal optimization design goal, when it is necessary to maximize the following signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio lower bound SINR1 after filtering at the receiving end, the intensity of the signal-correlated noise in the first information here can be understood as the above-mentioned solution SINR l σ in the formula 2 , where the ratio can be η 2 .

[0157] 902. The transmitting end sends first data to the receiving end. The first data is data shaped by the transmitting end through a sending pulse shaping waveform. The sending pulse shaping waveform is determined according to the first information and the second information.

[0158] Correspondingly, the receiving end receives the first data from the sending end.

[0159] In some embodiments, before sending the first data, the method further includes: the receiving end sending second information to the transmitting end, the second information being used to indicate the channel state information measured by the receiving end. Accordingly, the transmitting end receives the second information from the receiving end.

[0160] That is, when designing the transmit filter and the receive filter, the transmit end also needs to consider the channel state information measured by the receive end. The second information can be understood as h in the above solution formula.

[0161] In some embodiments, the method may further include: the transmitting end transmitting third information to the receiving end, the third information being used to indicate a receive pulse shaping waveform of the receiving end, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform being determined based on the first information and the second information. Accordingly, the receiving end receives the third information from the transmitting end.

[0162] That is to say, when establishing a band-limited signal optimization design, such as designing the transmitting filter and receiving filter in the optical intensity channel, the present application takes into account the influence of signal-independent noise, signal-dependent noise, and the channel state information between the current transmitting end and the receiving end.

[0163] In some embodiments, the present application can store modulation / filtering sequences that meet the scheme in the form of a lookup table in the transmitting end and the receiving end. In this way, the transmitting end can look up the intensity of the signal-dependent noise, the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise, and the index value of the filter sequence corresponding to the channel state information according to the lookup table. The third information can be understood as the index value here. In this way, the receiving end can look up the table according to the third information to obtain the receiving filter sequence corresponding to the index value, or obtain the receiving pulse shaping waveform corresponding to the index value. Correspondingly, the transmitting end can also obtain the transmitting filter sequence or the transmitting pulse shaping waveform corresponding to the index value by looking up the table.

[0164] The correspondence between the first information and the second information in the lookup table and the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence is based on the constraints given in the present application and the maximum SINR lower bound after filtering at the receiving end. l Designed for optimization purposes.

[0165] Thus, in step 902, when the transmitting end sends data to the receiving end, it can modulate the data according to the transmit filter sequence obtained from the lookup table to obtain modulated / shaped data. The receiving end can demodulate the data by looking up the receive filter sequence obtained based on the index value.

[0166] Of course, this table lookup approach is applicable not only to the aforementioned finite-length sequence-based design approach but also to the aforementioned model-based design approach, as will be illustrated below. Thus, the table-based approach for determining the transmit and receive filter sequences is less complex and can improve data transmission performance.

[0167] In some embodiments, the transmitting end may also calculate a transmit filter sequence and a receive filter sequence based on the received first information and second information. In this way, the third information may include the receive filter sequence. The transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence are calculated based on the constraints provided in the present application and with maximizing the lower bound of the signal-to-interference ratio (SINR1) after filtering at the receiving end as the optimization objective.

[0168] This method of directly calculating the sending filter sequence and the receiving filter sequence at the sending end is applicable not only to the above-mentioned design method based on finite-length sequences, but also to the above-mentioned design method based on models, which will be specifically illustrated below.

[0169] Thus, during data transmission, when signal-dependent noise is present at the receiving end, the present application can factor signal-dependent noise into the design of the transmit and receive filter sequences. This means that not only the effects of signal-independent noise are considered, but also the effects of signal-dependent noise. Compared to current optical channels that only consider the high symbol error rate (SER) that may result from SER, the present application can reduce the SER of data transmitted in optical channels, thereby improving data transmission throughput.

[0170] The following is an exemplary introduction to the method of determining the transmission filtering sequence and the reception filtering sequence based on the lookup table proposed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0171] For the design based on finite-length sequences, FIG10 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which includes the following process.

[0172] 1001. Pre-configure first configuration information at a sending end.

[0173] It should be understood that when the receiving end performs the function of the sending end, it also includes configuring the first configuration information at the receiving end.

[0174] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may include bandwidth information and at least one of the following information: the number of sampling points per symbol (oversampling multiple) D, the bandwidth expansion factor α, the shaping pulse symbol span (filter symbol span) N s , shaped pulse out-of-band suppression threshold, inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, bit error rate or symbol error rate.

[0175] Among them, the frequency threshold th at the transmitting end t and the frequency threshold th at the receiving end r The same, and both are the threshold value th of the out-of-band intensity B In the case of B The inter-symbol interference suppression threshold can also be called the inter-symbol interference threshold, that is, th ISI .

[0176] The first configuration information may be configured through software or specified in a standard, and this application does not limit this.

[0177] Optionally, the method further includes: 1002: the transmitting end sends a first measurement sequence to the receiving end, where the first measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information. Accordingly, the receiving end receives the first measurement sequence sent by the transmitting end.

[0178] 1003. The receiving end measures and obtains at least one of the intensity of signal-dependent noise and the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise.

[0179] In some embodiments, when the receiving end receives the first measurement sequence, the receiving end may measure the first measurement sequence to obtain the intensity σ of the signal-dependent noise of the receiving end. 2 , and the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise η 2 .

[0180] In some embodiments, the transmitting end may not send the first measurement sequence, and the receiving end may also measure the measurement sequence generated by the receiving end itself to obtain the strength σ of the signal-dependent noise of the receiving end. 2 , and the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise η 2 .

[0181] 1004. The receiving end sends first information to the transmitting end, where the first information is used to indicate at least one of the strength of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end and the ratio of the strength of the signal-dependent noise to the strength of the signal-independent noise measured by the receiving end.

[0182] Correspondingly, the sending end receives the first information from the receiving end.

[0183] Exemplarily, the first information includes σ 2 or η 2 At least one of .

[0184] In some embodiments, taking into account the mobility of the receiving end, possible changes in the optical intensity channel, or the influence of some other factors, the receiving end may periodically measure the intensity of the signal-dependent noise and the ratio of the intensity of the signal-dependent noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise, and periodically send the first information to the transmitting end. In this way, the transmitting end can periodically update the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence.

[0185] 1005. The transmitting end obtains a second measurement sequence, where the second measurement sequence is used to perform channel state measurement.

[0186] That is, the second measurement sequence can be understood as a channel state measurement sequence.

[0187] 1006. The transmitting end sends a second measurement sequence to the receiving end. Correspondingly, the receiving end receives the second measurement sequence from the transmitting end.

[0188] 1007. The receiving end measures the second measurement sequence to obtain channel state information h.

[0189] 1008. The receiving end sends second information to the transmitting end, where the second information is used to indicate the channel state information h. Correspondingly, the transmitting end receives the second information from the receiving end.

[0190] 1009. The transmitting end determines a transmitting filtering sequence and a receiving filtering sequence by looking up a table, and determines a first index value corresponding to the transmitting filtering sequence and the receiving filtering sequence.

[0191] In some embodiments, the lookup table includes the sequence index number, the strength of the signal-dependent noise σ 2 , the ratio of the intensity of the correlated noise to the intensity of the signal-independent noise η 2 , the correspondence between the channel state information h and the filter sequence. The filter sequence includes the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence.

[0192] Of course, although the present application uses a lookup table to represent the above correspondence, the correspondence may also be represented in other ways.

[0193] Exemplarily, the lookup table may be as shown in Table 1.

[0194] Table 1

[0195] Each of the multiple sequences, such as sequence 1, sequence 2, ..., includes a sending filter sequence and a receiving filter sequence.

[0196] For example, when the sending end determines σ 2 is 3.1e-6, η 2 When h is 0 and h is 5e-2, the transmitter can determine that the sending filtering sequence and the receiving filtering sequence are sequence 1 by looking up the table, that is, Table 1, and determine the first index value corresponding to sequence 1 as sequence index number 1.

[0197] In some embodiments, the multiple sequences (sequence 1, sequence 2, ...) in Table 1 are given first configuration information, and multiple σ 2 ,η 2 And h, according to the maximum signal-to-noise ratio lower bound SINR after filtering at the receiving end l Calculated based on the constraints of the optimization objective.

[0198] For example, it is assumed that the multiple sequences in Table 1 (sequence 1, sequence 2, ...) are in the bandwidth expansion factor α=1, the number of sampling points per symbol D=16, and the shaped pulse symbol span N s =8, shaping pulse out-of-band suppression threshold th B =1e-3, inter-symbol interference suppression threshold th ISI =0.015max(x(t)), calculated when the average optical power at the transmitter is 1W. 2 is 3.1e-6, η 2 When is 0 and h is 5e-2, the transmitting end may determine the transmitting filtering sequence and the receiving filtering sequence as sequence 1 according to Table 1, and determine the first index value corresponding to sequence 1 as sequence index number 1. For example, the sequence value of the transmitting filtering sequence p(n) in sequence 1 is shown in (a) of FIG11 , and the sequence value of the receiving filtering sequence f(n) in sequence 1 is shown in (b) of FIG11 .

[0199] 1010. The sending end sends third information to the receiving end, where the third information includes the first index value.

[0200] Correspondingly, the receiving end receives the third information from the sending end.

[0201] In some embodiments, the third information includes a first index value, the first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information, the fourth information includes the first information and the second information, and the sequence index number corresponds to the sending filtering sequence of the sending end and the receiving filtering sequence of the receiving end.

[0202] Exemplarily, the first index value carried by the third information is sequence index number 1, and sequence index number 1 corresponds to the transmit filter sequence (transmit filter discrete sequence) and the receive filter sequence (receive filter discrete sequence) in sequence 1.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may also be an option of the lookup table, that is, the transmitter may search the lookup table according to the first configuration information, the first information, and the second information to determine the sequence index number corresponding to the sequence found.

[0204] Therefore, in some embodiments, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined according to the first information, the second information, and the first configuration information.

[0205] For example, when the transmitting end receives the first information and the second information, the transmitting end may first determine the lookup table to be searched based on the first configuration information and determine the table index number of the lookup table. The transmitting end may then search the lookup table corresponding to the table index number based on the first information and the second information to obtain the sequence index number corresponding to the first information and the second information.

[0206] Therefore, in some embodiments, the third information determined by the sending end also includes a second index value, wherein the first index value is the sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the second index value, and the second index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the first configuration information of the sending end.

[0207] Exemplarily, the transmitting end and the receiving end store a system parameter lookup table and multiple global sequence lookup tables belonging to the system parameter lookup table. For example, the global sequence lookup table includes the lookup table (Table 1) in step 1009. The system parameter lookup table includes a table index number, a correspondence between the first configuration information and the global sequence lookup table. Each global sequence lookup table includes a correspondence between a sequence index number, the first information, the second information, and a filter sequence (sequence 1, sequence 2, ...).

[0208] For example, the system parameter lookup table is shown in Table 2. The system parameter lookup table can also be understood as a first configuration information lookup table.

[0209] Table 2

[0210] For example, it is assumed that the transmitting end determines that α=0, D=4, and N s=11,th B =1e-2,th ISI = 0.01max(x(t)). The transmitting end can determine the second index value as table index 1 based on Table 2, and determine lookup table 1 based on table index 1. Then, based on the first information and second information reported by the receiving end, look up the sequence and sequence index corresponding to the first information and second information in lookup table 1, thereby determining the first index value. In this way, the third information sent by the transmitting end may include the first index value and the second index value, so that the receiving end can determine the sequence based on the first index value and the second index value, that is, determine the receive filtering sequence.

[0211] In some embodiments, if the transmit filtering sequence and the receive filtering sequence are determined based on a lookup table, one of the following situations may be involved:

[0212] In the case where there is only one option for the preset first configuration information, the sending end and the receiving end store a sequence lookup table, such as Table 1, and the third information sent by the sending end includes a sequence index number in the sequence lookup table;

[0213] When there are multiple options for the preset first configuration information, the transmitting end and the receiving end may store a system parameter lookup table / first configuration information lookup table and multiple sequence lookup tables. The third information sent by the transmitting end includes a table index number in the system parameter lookup table / first configuration information lookup table and a sequence index number in the sequence lookup table.

[0214] In the case where there are multiple options for the preset first configuration information, the system parameter lookup table / first configuration information lookup table and the lookup tables of multiple sequences may also be combined into one large table.

[0215] This application does not limit the method of determining the transmission filter sequence and the reception filter sequence through the lookup table.

[0216] 1011. The receiving end determines a receiving filter sequence according to the first index value.

[0217] Based on the description of steps 1009 and 1010, the receiving end may search the sequence lookup table based on the first index value to obtain the reception filter sequence in the sequence corresponding to the first index value. Alternatively, the receiving end may first search the system parameter lookup table / first configuration information lookup table based on the second index value to determine the lookup table for the sequence corresponding to the second index value, and then determine the reception filter sequence in the sequence corresponding to the first information and the second information based on the first index value in the sequence lookup table according to the first information and the second information.

[0218] 1012. The transmitting end performs pulse shaping by sending a filtering sequence to obtain first data, and sends the first data to the receiving end.

[0219] When the transmitter has data to send, it can perform pulse amplitude modulation and filtering according to the process in the transmission model shown in Figure 2 to obtain first data. When filtering the modulated data, the modulated pulse is filtered / shaped according to a determined transmit filter sequence to obtain a signal s(t) to be transmitted, i.e., the first data. The first data is then transmitted to the receiver via the optical intensity channel.

[0220] 1013. The receiving end demodulates the second data by receiving a filtering sequence.

[0221] According to the transmission model in Figure 2, when the signal s(t) or the first data is transmitted on the channel h, it will be affected by the signal-independent noise n0(t) and the signal-dependent noise n s (t) is affected by the fact that the data actually received by the receiving end can be understood as the second data or signal y(t). When the receiving end performs receive filtering on the second data / signal y(t) through the receive filter sequence, a filtered signal r(t) is obtained. The second data / signal y(t) includes the first data / signal s(t).

[0222] In this way, when transmitting data in a channel, the present application not only considers the influence of signal-independent noise but also the influence of signal-dependent noise, thereby reducing the symbol error rate during data transmission and improving data transmission performance. Furthermore, the method of determining the transmit and receive filter sequences based on a lookup table is less complex and reduces system overhead.

[0223] For model-based design, FIG12 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The flow of this method is similar to the flow of the method shown in FIG10 , except that:

[0224] Step 1001 can be replaced by step 1201, step 1009 can be replaced by 1209, step 1010 can be replaced by step 1210, and step 1011 can be replaced by 1211.

[0225] Wherein, step 1201 is: pre-configuring second configuration information at the sending end.

[0226] In some embodiments, the second configuration information may include at least one of the following information: bandwidth expansion factor α, shaping pulse order J of the transmitting end p , the order of the shaped pulse at the receiving end J f , Inter-symbol interference suppression threshold (inter-symbol interference threshold) th ISI , bit error rate or symbol error rate.

[0227] The first configuration information may be configured through software or specified in a standard, and this application does not limit this.

[0228] 1209. The transmitting end determines a transmitting filter vector and a receiving filter vector by looking up a table, and determines a third index value corresponding to the transmitting filter vector and the receiving filter vector.

[0229] In some embodiments, the lookup table includes a vector sequence number, σ 2 ,η 2 The correspondence between , h and the filter vector. The filter vector includes the sending filter vector and the receiving filter vector.

[0230] Of course, although the present application uses a lookup table to represent the above correspondence, the correspondence may also be represented in other ways.

[0231] Exemplarily, the lookup table may be as shown in Table 3.

[0232] Table 3

[0233] Each of the multiple vectors, such as vector 1, vector 2, ..., includes a sending filter vector and a receiving filter vector.

[0234] For example, when the sending end determines σ 2 is 3.1e-6, η 2 When is 0 and h is 5e-2, the transmitter can determine that the transmission filter vector and the reception filter vector are vector 1 by looking up the table, that is, Table 3, and determine the first index value corresponding to vector 1 as vector index number 1.

[0235] In some embodiments, the plurality of vectors (vector 1, vector 2, ...) in Table 3 are given the second configuration information, and the plurality of σ 2 ,η 2 And h, according to the maximum signal-to-noise ratio lower bound SINR after filtering at the receiving end l Calculated based on the constraints of the optimization objective.

[0236] For example, it is assumed that the multiple vectors (vector 1, vector 2, ...) in Table 3 are at a bandwidth expansion factor α=1 and a shaping pulse order J at the transmitting end. p =10, the order of the pulse shaping at the receiving end J f =10 and the inter-symbol interference suppression threshold (inter-symbol interference threshold) th ISI =0.04max(x(t)), calculated when the average optical power at the transmitter is 1W. 2 is 3.1e-6, η 2When is 0 and h is 5e-2, the transmitting end may determine the transmitting filter vector and the receiving filter vector as vector 1 according to Table 3, and determine the third index value corresponding to vector 1 as vector index number 1.

[0237] For example, the coefficient vector of the transmit filter p(t) in vector 1 is / The transmit filter vector is: {-0.068, 0.107, -0.071, 0.146, -0.041, 0.023, -0.016, 0.011, -0.009, 0.007}, the coefficient vector of the receive filter f(t) in vector 1 / The receiving filter vector is: {0.305,-0.117,-0.060,0.009,-0.045,-0.006,0.034,-0.017,0.010,-0.007}.

[0238] 1210. The transmitting end sends third information to the receiving end, where the third information includes a third index value, and the third index value is a vector index number corresponding to the fourth information.

[0239] In some embodiments, the third information includes a third index value, which is a vector index number corresponding to the first information and the second information, and the vector index number corresponds to the transmit filter coefficient of the transmitter and the receive filter coefficient of the receiver.

[0240] Exemplarily, the third index value carried by the third information is vector index number 1, and vector index number 1 corresponds to the transmit filter vector (transmit filter coefficient vector) and the receive filter vector (receive filter coefficient vector) in vector 1.

[0241] In some embodiments, the second configuration information may also be an option of the lookup table, that is, the transmitter may search the lookup table according to the second configuration information, the first information and the second information to determine the vector index number corresponding to the searched vector.

[0242] Therefore, in some embodiments, the transmit pulse shaping waveform and the receive pulse shaping waveform are determined according to the first information, the second information, and the second configuration information.

[0243] For example, when the transmitting end receives the first information and the second information, the transmitting end may first determine the lookup table to be searched based on the second configuration information and determine the table index number of the lookup table. The transmitting end may then search the lookup table corresponding to the table index number based on the first information and the second information to obtain the vector index number corresponding to the first information and the second information.

[0244] Therefore, in some embodiments, the fourth information also includes a fourth index value, the third index value is the vector index number corresponding to the fourth information (first information and second information) in the lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value, and the fourth index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the second configuration information of the sending end.

[0245] Exemplarily, the transmitting end and the receiving end store a system parameter lookup table and multiple global vector lookup tables belonging to the system parameter lookup table. For example, the global vector lookup table includes the lookup table (Table 3) in step 1209. The system parameter lookup table includes a correspondence between a table index number, the second configuration information, and the global vector lookup table. Each global vector lookup table includes a correspondence between a vector index number, the first information, the second information, and a filter vector (vector 1, vector 2, ...).

[0246] For example, the system parameter lookup table is shown in Table 4. The system parameter lookup table can also be understood as a second configuration information lookup table.

[0247] Table 4

[0248] For example, it is assumed that the transmitting end determines that α=0 in the pre-configured second configuration information, J p =1, J f =1,th B =1e-2,th ISI = 0.01max(x(t)). The transmitting end can determine the fourth index value as table index 1 based on Table 4, determine lookup table 1 based on table index 1, and then look up the vector and vector index corresponding to the first and second information reported by the receiving end in lookup table 1, thereby determining the third index value. In this way, the third information sent by the transmitting end may include the third and fourth index values, so that the receiving end can determine the receive filter vector based on the third and fourth index values.

[0249] Similar to step 1010, in some embodiments, if the transmit filter vector and the receive filter vector are determined based on a lookup table, one of the following situations may be involved:

[0250] In the case where there is only one option for the preset second configuration information, the transmitting end and the receiving end store a sequence lookup table, such as Table 3, and the third information sent by the transmitting end includes a vector index number in the vector lookup table;

[0251] When there are multiple options for the preset second configuration information, the transmitting end and the receiving end may store a system parameter lookup table / second configuration information lookup table and multiple vector lookup tables. The third information sent by the transmitting end includes a table index number in the system parameter lookup table / second configuration information lookup table and a vector index number in the sequence lookup table.

[0252] In the case where there are multiple options for the preset second configuration information, the system parameter lookup table / second configuration information lookup table and the lookup tables of multiple vectors may also be combined into one large table.

[0253] This application does not limit the method of determining the transmission filter vector and the reception filter vector through the lookup table.

[0254] 1211. The receiving end determines a receiving filter vector according to the third index value, and determines a receiving filter sequence according to the receiving filter vector.

[0255] Based on the description of steps 1209 and 1210, the receiving end may search the vector lookup table based on the third index value to obtain the receive filter vector in the vector corresponding to the third index value. Alternatively, the receiving end may first search the system parameter lookup table / second configuration information lookup table based on the fourth index value to determine the lookup table for the vector corresponding to the fourth index value, and then determine the receive filter vector in the vector corresponding to the first information and the second information based on the first information and the second information in the vector lookup table based on the third index value.

[0256] Then, the receiving end can receive the filter vector And the calculation formula of the receiving filter f(t) in the model-based design method of this application is used to calculate the receiving filter sequence f(t).

[0257] In this way, when transmitting data in a channel, the present application not only considers the influence of signal-independent noise but also the influence of signal-dependent noise, thereby reducing the symbol error rate during data transmission and improving data transmission performance. Furthermore, the method of determining the transmit and receive filter sequences based on a lookup table is less complex and reduces system overhead.

[0258] In this application, the sender and the receiver may not store a lookup table, that is, the first index number or the third index number is not determined by looking up the table to notify the receiver. The sender can directly use the constraints given in this application and maximize the lower bound of the signal-to-noise ratio SINR after filtering at the receiver. l To optimize the target, the transmit filter sequence and the receive filter sequence are calculated based on the received first information, the second information and the pre-configured first configuration information. Therefore, in some embodiments, the third information includes the receive filter sequence of the receiving end.

[0259] In this manner, step 1009 may be replaced by: the transmitting end calculates and obtains the transmitting filter sequence and the receiving filter sequence based on the first configuration information, the first information, and the second information.

[0260] Step 1010 may be replaced by: the transmitting end sends third information to the receiving end, where the third information includes a receiving filter sequence of the receiving end.

[0261] Alternatively, the transmitting end calculates the transmitting filter vector and the receiving filter vector according to the received first information, the second information and the pre-configured second configuration information. Therefore, in some embodiments, the third information includes the receiving filter vector of the receiving end.

[0262] In this manner, step 1209 may be replaced by: the transmitting end calculates and obtains the transmitting filter vector and the receiving filter vector based on the second configuration information, the first information, and the second information.

[0263] Step 1210 may be replaced by: the transmitting end sends third information to the receiving end, where the third information includes a receiving filter vector of the receiving end.

[0264] In this case, the transmitter can further transmit the filter vector The transmit filter sequence is calculated by the calculation formula of the transmit filter p(t) in the model-based design method of this application, and the receiving end can further calculate the transmit filter sequence according to the receive filter vector And the calculation formula of the receiving filter f(t) in the model-based design method of this application is used to calculate the receiving filter sequence f(t) to coordinate data transmission between the sending end and the receiving end.

[0265] In some embodiments, the third information may be sent via downlink control information (DCI) or in other ways, which is not limited in this application.

[0266] In some embodiments, for the sending end and the receiving end, the unchanging parameters transmitted by the system can be saved in a preset manner or in a manner determined in the standard; for the parameters that change slowly at the receiving end, they can be reported to the sending end within a larger time interval; for the parameters that change quickly at the receiving end, they can be reported to the sending end in real time.

[0267] It is understood that, in order to implement the functions in the above embodiments, the transmitting end and the receiving end include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily appreciate that, in conjunction with the units and method steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this application, this application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or in a manner driven by computer software depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0268] Figures 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of the structures of possible communication devices provided in embodiments of the present application. These communication devices can be used to implement the functions of the transmitting end or the receiving end in the above-mentioned method embodiments, thereby also achieving the beneficial effects possessed by the above-mentioned method embodiments. In the embodiments of the present application, the communication device can be the terminal 120 shown in Figure 1, or the base station 110 shown in Figure 1, or a module (such as a chip) applied to the terminal or base station.

[0269] As shown in Figure 13, the communication device 130 includes a processing unit 1310 and a transceiver unit 1320. The communication device 130 is used to implement the functions of the transmitter or receiver in at least one of the method embodiments shown in Figures 9, 10, or 12.

[0270] When the communication device 130 is used to implement the function of the transmitting end in the method embodiment shown in Figure 9: the transceiver unit 1320 is used to receive the first information and send the first data shaped by the sending pulse shaping waveform to the receiving end; the processing unit 1310 is used to design the sending pulse shaping waveform and the receiving pulse shaping waveform according to the first information.

[0271] When the communication device 130 is used to implement the functions of the transmitting end in the method embodiment shown in Figure 10: the transceiver unit 1320 is used to send the first measurement sequence, the second measurement sequence, the third information, and the first data, and receive the first information and the second information; the processing unit 1310 is used to obtain the second measurement sequence, determine the transmit filtering sequence and the receive filtering sequence and the first index value through a lookup table, and perform pulse shaping according to the transmit filtering sequence to obtain the first data.

[0272] When the communication device 130 is used to implement the functions of the transmitting end in the method embodiment shown in Figure 12: the transceiver unit 1320 is used to send the first measurement sequence, the second measurement sequence, the third information, and the first data, and receive the first information and the second information; the processing unit 1310 is used to obtain the second measurement sequence, determine the transmit filter vector and the receive filter vector and the third index value through a lookup table, and perform pulse shaping according to the transmit filter sequence to obtain the first data.

[0273] When the communication device 130 is used to implement the function of the receiving end in the method embodiment shown in Figure 9: the transceiver unit 1320 is used to send the first information and receive the first data shaped by the sending pulse shaping waveform from the transmitting end; the processing unit 1310 is used to demodulate the second data according to the received pulse shaping waveform, and the received pulse shaping waveform is determined based on the first information.

[0274] When the communication device 130 is used to implement the functions of the receiving end in the method embodiment shown in Figure 10: the transceiver unit 1320 is used to receive the first measurement sequence, send the first information, receive the second measurement sequence, send the second information, receive the third information, and receive the second data; the processing unit 1310 is used to measure and obtain the first information, perform measurement according to the second measurement sequence to obtain channel state information, determine the receiving filtering sequence according to the first index value in the third information, and demodulate the second data using the receiving filtering sequence.

[0275] When the communication device 130 is used to implement the functions of the receiving end in the method embodiment shown in Figure 12: the transceiver unit 1320 is used to receive the first measurement sequence, send the first information, receive the second measurement sequence, send the second information, receive the third information, and receive the second data; the processing unit 1310 is used to measure and obtain the first information, perform measurement according to the second measurement sequence to obtain channel state information, determine the receiving filter vector according to the first index value in the third information, determine the receiving filter sequence according to the receiving filter vector, and demodulate the second data using the receiving filter sequence.

[0276] For a more detailed description of the processing unit 1310 and the transceiver unit 1320 , please refer to the relevant descriptions in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 and FIG. 12 .

[0277] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a possible communication device. It is understood that the communication device 140 includes necessary means such as modules, units, elements, circuits, or interfaces, which are appropriately configured together to implement the present solution. The communication device 140 can be the RAN node, terminal, core network device, or other network device in Figure 1, or a component (such as a chip) in these devices, used to implement the method described in the following method embodiment. The communication device 140 includes one or more processors 141. The processor 141 can be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, it can be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device (such as a RAN node, terminal, or chip, etc.), execute software programs, and process software program data.

[0278] Optionally, in one design, the processor 141 may include a program 143 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions), which may be executed on the processor 141 to enable the communication device 140 to perform the methods described in the following embodiments. In another possible design, the communication device 140 includes a circuit (not shown in FIG. 14 ) configured to implement the functions of the transmitter and / or receiver in the above embodiments.

[0279] Optionally, the communication device 140 may include one or more memories 142 on which a program 144 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions) is stored. The program 144 can be run on the processor 141 so that the communication device 140 executes the method described in the above method embodiment.

[0280] Optionally, processor 141 and / or memory 142 may include AI modules 147 and 148, which are used to implement AI-related functions. The AI ​​module may be implemented using software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. For example, the AI ​​module may include a real-time information processing (RIC) module. For example, the AI ​​module may be a near-real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0281] Optionally, data may be stored in the processor 141 and / or the memory 142. The processor and the memory may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0282] Optionally, the communication device 140 may further include a transceiver 145 and / or an antenna 146. The processor 141, sometimes also referred to as a processing unit, controls the communication device (e.g., a RAN node or terminal). The transceiver 145, sometimes also referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a transceiver, is configured to implement the transceiver functions of the communication device via the antenna 146.

[0283] When the above-mentioned communication device is a chip applied to a terminal, the terminal chip implements the functions of the terminal in the above-mentioned method embodiment. When the terminal chip receives information from the base station, it can be understood that the information is first received by other modules in the terminal (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) and then sent to the terminal chip by these modules. When the terminal chip sends information to the base station, it can be understood that the information is first sent to other modules in the terminal (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) and then sent to the base station by these modules.

[0284] When the above-mentioned communication device is a chip applied to a base station, the base station chip implements the functions of the base station in the above-mentioned method embodiment. When the base station chip receives information from the terminal, it can be understood that the information is first received by other modules in the base station (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) and then sent to the base station chip by these modules. When the base station chip sends information to the terminal, it can be understood that the information is sent to other modules in the base station (such as a radio frequency module or antenna) and then sent to the terminal by these modules.

[0285] In this application, when entity A sends information to entity B, it can be done directly from A to B or indirectly through another entity. Similarly, when entity B receives information from entity A, it can be done directly from entity B or indirectly through another entity. Entities A and B herein can be RAN nodes or terminals, or modules within a RAN node or terminal. The sending and receiving of information can be information exchange between a RAN node and a terminal, for example, between a base station and a terminal; the sending and receiving of information can also be information exchange between two RAN nodes, for example, between a CU and a DU; the sending and receiving of information can also be information exchange between different modules within a device, for example, between a terminal chip and other modules in the terminal, or between a base station chip and other modules within the base station.

[0286] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0287] The method steps in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in hardware or in software instructions that can be executed by a processor. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, registers, hard disk, mobile hard disk, CD-ROM or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. The storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and storage medium can be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in a base station or a terminal. The processor and storage medium can also exist in a base station or a terminal as discrete components.

[0288] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are performed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer program or instructions may be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; an optical medium, such as a digital video disk; or a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive. The computer-readable storage medium may be a volatile or nonvolatile storage medium, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile types of storage media.

[0289] In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0290] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the text description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "Including at least one of A, B and C" can mean: including A; including B; including C; including A and B; including A and C; including B and C; including A, B and C.

[0291] It is understood that the various numbers used in the embodiments of this application are merely for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not necessarily imply a specific order of execution; the order of execution of the processes should be determined by their functions and inherent logic.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: receiving first information indicating at least one of a strength of signal-dependent noise measured by a receiving end and a ratio of a strength of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end to a strength of the signal-independent noise; Sending first data, where the first data is data shaped by a sending pulse shaping waveform at the sending end, and the sending pulse shaping waveform is determined according to the first information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before sending the first data, the method further includes: Second information is received, where the second information is used to indicate channel state information measured by the receiving end.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending third information, where the third information is used to indicate a receiving pulse shaping waveform of the receiving end, and the transmitting pulse shaping waveform and the receiving pulse shaping waveform are determined according to the first information and the second information.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The third information includes a first index value; The first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information; The fourth information includes the first information and the second information, and the sequence index number corresponds to the sending filtering sequence of the sending end and the receiving filtering sequence of the receiving end.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The third information also includes a second index value; The first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information in a lookup table corresponding to the second index value; The second index value is a table index number of a lookup table corresponding to the first configuration information of the transmitting end.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The transmit pulse shaped waveform and the receive pulse shaped waveform are determined according to the first information, the second information, and the first configuration information.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The first configuration information includes bandwidth information and at least one of the following information: The number of sampling points per symbol, bandwidth expansion factor, shaped pulse symbol span, shaped pulse out-of-band suppression threshold, inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, bit error rate or symbol error rate.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The third information includes a third index value, where the third index value is a vector index number corresponding to the fourth information; The fourth information includes the first information and the second information; The vector index number corresponds to a transmission filter coefficient of a transmitting end and a reception filter coefficient of a receiving end.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The third information shown also includes a fourth index value, where the third index value is the vector index number corresponding to the fourth information in the lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value, and the fourth index value is the table index number of the lookup table corresponding to the second configuration information of the transmitting end.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The transmit pulse shaped waveform and the receive pulse shaped waveform are determined according to the first information, the second information, and the second configuration information.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that The second configuration information includes at least one of the following information: Bandwidth expansion factor, shaping pulse order of the transmitting end, shaping pulse order of the receiving end, inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, bit error rate or symbol error rate.

12. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The third information includes a receiving filter sequence of the receiving end.

13. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The third information includes a reception filter vector of the receiving end, and the reception filter vector is used to determine a reception filter sequence of the receiving end.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that Before receiving the first information, the method further includes: Sending a measurement sequence, where the measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information.

15. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: Sending first information, where the first information is used to indicate at least one of a strength of signal-dependent noise measured by a receiving end and a ratio of a strength of the signal-dependent noise measured by the receiving end to a strength of the signal-independent noise; First data is received and demodulated according to a received pulse shaped waveform, where the received pulse shaped waveform is determined according to the first information.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that Before receiving the first data, the method further includes: Second information is sent, where the second information is used to indicate channel state information measured by the receiving end.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The method further comprises: Third information is received, where the third information is used to indicate the received pulse shaped waveform, and the received pulse shaped waveform is determined according to the first information and the second information.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that The third information includes a first index value; The first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information; The fourth information includes the first information and the second information, and the sequence index number corresponds to a transmission filtering sequence of the transmitting end and a reception filtering sequence of the receiving end.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The third information also includes a second index value; The first index value is a sequence index number corresponding to the fourth information in a lookup table corresponding to the second index value; The second index value is a table index number of a lookup table corresponding to the first configuration information of the transmitting end.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that The first configuration information includes bandwidth information and at least one of the following information: The number of sampling points per symbol, bandwidth expansion factor, shaped pulse symbol span, shaped pulse out-of-band suppression threshold, inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, bit error rate or symbol error rate.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein The third information includes a third index value, where the third index value is a vector index number corresponding to the fourth information; The fourth information includes the first information and the second information; The vector index number corresponds to a first transmit filter coefficient at a transmitting end and a first receive filter coefficient at a receiving end.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The third information also includes a fourth index value, where the third index value is a vector index number corresponding to the fourth information in a lookup table corresponding to the fourth index value, and the fourth index value is a table index number of a lookup table corresponding to the second configuration information of the transmitter.

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that The second configuration information includes at least one of the following information: Bandwidth expansion factor, shaping pulse order of the transmitting end, shaping pulse order of the receiving end, inter-symbol interference suppression threshold, bit error rate or symbol error rate.

24. The method according to claim 17, wherein The third information includes a receiving filter sequence of the receiving end.

25. The method according to claim 17, wherein The third information includes a reception filter vector of the receiving end, and the reception filter vector is used to determine a reception filter sequence of the receiving end.

26. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 25, characterized in that Before sending the first information, the method further includes: A measurement sequence is received, where the measurement sequence is used by the receiving end to determine the first information.

27. A communication device, characterized in that: The method comprises modules or units for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

28. A communication device, characterized in that: The apparatus comprises a processor configured to run a computer program so as to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that The apparatus further comprises a memory for storing the computer program.

30. A chip, characterized in that: comprising a processor configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 26.

31. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that Used for storing a computer program, which, when running on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

32. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product comprises one or more computer programs, which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

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