Machining method for manufacturing a workpiece

Abstract

The invention relates to a machining method (10) for manufacturing a workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) from a workpiece blank (14), wherein the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) and a residual grid (18) surrounding the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) are produced using a cutting tool by cutting along a predetermined cutting contour (16). The method comprises the steps of: a) providing (20) a fabrication plan (22) showing at least one workpiece position of the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) to be fabricated on the workpiece blank (14); b) identifying (24) residual grid spacings (26, 26a) between the cutting contour (16) and further cutting contours (16) of further workpieces (12, 12a, 12b) and / or a blank edge (28) of the workpiece blank (14); c) determining (30) at least one vibration-resistant residual grid region (32) among the identified residual grid spacings (26, 26a); and d) defining (38) a piercing point (40, 40a-c) for the cutting tool in the vibration-resistant residual grid region (32) next to the cutting contour (16).

Description

[0001] Machining process for producing a workpiece

[0002] Background of the invention

[0003] The invention relates to a machining method for producing a workpiece from a workpiece blank, wherein the workpiece and a residual skeleton surrounding the workpiece are produced by means of a cutting tool by cutting along a predetermined cutting contour.

[0004] Such processes are used particularly in the production of workpieces from sheet blanks, where typically a plurality of workpieces are cut from a single blank using a cutting tool. The cutting process typically involves a cutting tool penetrating the workpiece blank at a penetration point adjacent to a cutting contour of the respective workpiece to be produced and then moving toward the cutting contour. This ensures a high-quality workpiece contour.

[0005] DE 10 2016 220 807 B3 describes the cutting of a preferably plate-shaped workpiece with a laser beam along a predeterminable cutting contour, wherein processing parameters of the laser beam are changed when forming the puncture hole or when moving the laser beam towards the cutting contour.

[0006] In order to prevent tilting and / or jamming of cut workpieces during processing, the workpieces are typically not completely separated from the residual skeleton during cutting, but are held by tiny fastenings, so-called micro and / or nano joints.

[0007] To enable quick and minimal damage removal of the workpieces from the residual skeleton, a separating device is preferably used that causes the micro- and / or nano-joints to break open by applying vibrations. This allows the individual workpieces to be removed in a controlled manner.

[0008] However, during part separation using vibrations, poorly placed puncture points can weaken the scrap skeleton, disrupting part separation and / or the sorting or rejection of the workpieces. This weakening typically causes cracking, which reduces the vibration robustness of the scrap skeleton. Such cracking changes the vibration behavior of the scrap skeleton during part separation and can complicate or even prevent the release of the micro- and / or nano-joints. Furthermore, cracking in the scrap skeleton can lead to the breakage of scrap skeleton sections, which are subsequently mixed with the removed good parts and require complex re-sorting.

[0009] In addition, weakening and / or cracking often require intervention by the machine operator, which, however, reduces the level of automation and increases operating costs.

[0010] Object of the invention

[0011] The object of the invention is to propose a high-quality production of workpieces as well as a subsequent process-reliable separation of workpieces from the residual skeleton by means of vibrations.

[0012] Description of the invention

[0013] This object is achieved according to the invention by a processing method having the features of patent claim 1. The subclaims give preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0014] According to the invention, a machining method is provided. The machining method is suitable and designed for producing a workpiece from a workpiece blank. The production of the workpieces refers to process steps that are typically used in the production of a workpiece using a cutting tool by cutting along a predetermined cutting contour of the workpiece. During the production of the workpiece, a residual skeleton surrounding the workpiece is typically created.

[0015] The machining process described above and below is particularly suitable for producing workpieces from plate blanks.

[0016] The machining process is to be understood as a computer-aided process. Typically, the machining process is carried out in a device and / or a computer system. Preferably, the machining process is carried out in a machine control system of the cutting tool.

[0017] According to the invention, the processing method comprises at least the following process steps:

[0018] In step a) of the machining process, a production plan is provided with at least one workpiece position (position and orientation) of the workpiece to be manufactured on the workpiece blank. In other words, the production plan is transferred to a device executing the machining process for further processing and / or machining. Preferably, the production plan is transferred in machine-readable form.

[0019] The production plan is to be understood as a production instruction of the machining tool for producing at least one, typically a plurality of, workpieces from one, in particular a single, workpiece blank. The production plan typically contains all production-relevant information, for example, machining parameters, workpiece coordinates,

[0020] Workpiece geometries, etc. The workpiece position of a workpiece is understood as the position and orientation of a workpiece on the workpiece blank. In other words, the production plan indicates the area occupied by the workpiece to be manufactured on the workpiece blank.

[0021] A further step b) of the machining process involves determining the residual grid distances between the cutting contour of the workpiece to be manufactured and other cutting contours of other workpieces and / or a blank edge of the workpiece blank. In other words, the distance of the workpiece to be manufactured from surrounding workpieces or the blank edge is determined.

[0022] The remnant grid spacing is typically determined by evaluating the workpiece information from the production plan. In particular, a remnant grid spacing can be determined by comparing the workpiece geometries and / or the workpiece position and orientation. Alternatively or additionally, the remnant grid spacing can be determined by graphically evaluating a visualized production plan.

[0023] In a further step c) of the machining process, at least one vibration-resistant residual grid area is determined based on the determined residual grid spacing. In other words, a region is determined in which the residual grid spacings are large enough to withstand vibration loading during the separation of the workpieces.

[0024] When determining the vibration-resistant residual skeleton area, the material thickness of the workpiece blank, the workpiece material of the workpiece blank, and / or the number and strength of the micro-fasteners are preferably taken into account, as these have a significant influence on the vibration load to be set. This allows the machining process to be adapted particularly effectively to the workpieces to be manufactured. A further process step d) of the machining process involves defining a penetration point for the cutting tool in the vibration-resistant residual skeleton area. The penetration point is typically defined next to the cutting contour of the workpiece to be manufactured.

[0025] The piercing location is preferably determined by modifying or adapting the production plan. In particular, a predefined piercing location can be modified, for example, repositioned, or a missing piercing location can be added. In other words, the production plan is optimized for a vibration-resistant design of the residual skeleton.

[0026] The processing steps of the machining process are preferably automated. This allows the workpieces to be manufactured particularly efficiently and quickly.

[0027] In summary, the invention proposes a machining method in which, by analyzing a production plan, the penetration point of the machining tool is positioned in an area of ​​the workpiece blank where a weakening of the residual skeleton does not cause vibration-induced fracture. This ensures high machining quality by the machining tool and promotes reliable and trouble-free separation of the workpieces when separating using vibrations.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the machining method comprises the additional method step a), in which the cutting tool is inserted at the defined insertion point, the cutting tool is moved towards the cutting contour, and the workpiece is cut along the cutting contour. In other words, the machining method provides for the execution of the separating process. Preferably, the workpiece is not completely separated from the residual skeleton during cutting. In particular, one or more micro-fasteners, for example micro- and / or nano-joints, can be provided as a connecting means between the workpiece and the residual skeleton. This allows machining or production of further workpieces on the workpiece blank using the cutting tool to be carried out with greater process reliability.Typically, the micro fasteners are then broken in a separating device by vibration and the workpiece is separated from the remaining skeleton.

[0029] A further preferred embodiment of the processing method is one in which the method is designed to be carried out on and by means of a laser processing machine. In particular, the processing method has proven particularly advantageous when using a laser processing machine in conjunction with a workpiece blank in the form of a sheet blank. Cutting along the cutting contour is typically performed using a laser beam from the laser processing machine.

[0030] Furthermore, an embodiment of the machining method is preferred in which the residual grid spacings are determined at least twice, wherein the workpiece position of at least one workpiece is changed between a first determination and a second determination of the residual grid spacings. Typically, the workpiece position is changed by repositioning, for example, shifting and / or rotating a workpiece on the workpiece blank. By changing the workpiece position, a workpiece spacing between the workpiece to be manufactured and an adjacent workpiece, or between two workpieces and / or a workpiece spacing between the workpiece and a blank edge of the workpiece blank can be changed. In particular, the embodiment can provide for an iterative determination of the residual grid spacings, wherein the workpiece spacings are changed to form larger residual grid spacings.In a preferred embodiment of the machining method, the vibration-robust residual lattice area is determined depending on the workpiece material of the workpiece blank, a cutting speed, a cutting tool, and / or a material thickness of the workpiece blank. The inventors have recognized that the aforementioned factors influence the penetration point and the approach path from the penetration point to the cutting contour. This can change the requirements for the formation of the vibration-robust residual lattice area. Typically, with increasing cutting speed, higher machining power of the cutting tool, and higher material thickness, the vibration-robust residual lattice area must be enlarged, which means that the residual lattice spacing must also be increased.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the machining method, the vibration-resistant residual grid area is determined based on a minimum residual grid spacing. In other words, the vibration-resistant residual grid area is determined in the surrounding areas of the workpiece where the determined residual grid spacings are greater than a minimum residual grid spacing. The minimum residual grid spacing preferably specifies the minimum residual grid spacing required to prevent breakage due to vibration loading. This allows unsafe surrounding areas of the workpiece to be excluded for determining the piercing location.

[0032] A further development of the machining method is preferred in which the vibration-robust residual grid area has a minimum residual grid spacing of at least 4 millimeters, preferably of at least 8 millimeters, particularly preferably of at least 10 millimeters.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the machining method, the puncture point is determined taking into account the residual material width between the puncture point and a cutting contour of a workpiece adjacent to the workpiece to be manufactured. In other words, in addition to the determined residual grid spacing, it can be provided that the residual material width has a minimum width after the puncture point has been created. This makes the machining method even more process-reliable.

[0034] A further preferred embodiment of the machining method is one in which the piercing point is determined taking into account the residual material width between the piercing point to be determined and a specified piercing point of a workpiece adjacent to the workpiece to be manufactured. This prevents cracking of the residual grid between adjacent piercing points and allows the machining method to be carried out with even greater process reliability.

[0035] A preferred embodiment of the machining method is one in which the piercing point is determined taking into account the residual material width between the piercing point and the edge of the workpiece blank. This allows the machining method to be carried out with even greater process reliability.

[0036] When determining a puncture site, a residual material width of at least 2 millimeters, preferably of at least 3 millimeters, particularly preferably of at least 5 millimeters, is preferably required.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the machining method, in method step d), in addition to the puncture point, an approach path of the cutting tool from the puncture point to the cutting contour is defined in the vibration-robust residual skeleton area. In other words, a cut from the puncture point to the cutting contour can be defined. This can prevent weakening of the residual skeleton due to an unfavorable design of the approach path, which has a further positive effect on the reliable implementation of the machining method. A preferred development of the machining method is one in which the approach path is designed with a contact angle of less than 90°, preferably less than 45°, particularly preferably less than 25° to the cutting contour. In other words, an angle between the approach path and the cutting contour is defined at the intersection point of the approach path with the cutting contour.A small contact angle promotes high machining quality of the cutting tool. Furthermore, a small contact angle can reduce the required minimum residual material clearance or minimum residual grid clearance.

[0038] Typically, the approach path is designed as a straight line. However, in special designs, a curvature of the approach path can be provided to prevent weakening of the residual skeleton. This allows the machining process to be adapted particularly flexibly to different workpiece geometries and / or workpiece spacings in a production plan.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the machining method, a through-hole with a circular outer contour is formed at the penetration point. The through-hole with a circular outer contour is typically formed by the cutting tool. This allows for a reduction in the notch effect caused by the penetration point, which prevents cracks in the residual skeleton and reduces the residual skeleton's susceptibility to vibration in this area. Furthermore, by forming the through-hole, a minimum residual skeleton spacing and / or a minimum residual material width can be reduced. This allows the machining process to be carried out reliably even with the smallest workpiece distances.

[0040] A preferred further development of the machining method is one in which the through-hole is formed with a diameter of at least 0.5 millimeters, preferably 1 millimeter, and particularly preferably at least 2 millimeters. The inventors have recognized that the aforementioned diameters are particularly effective for preventing cracks and fractures in the residual skeleton.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the machining method comprises the additional method step f), in which the workpiece is separated from the residual skeleton by applying vibrations to the residual skeleton and / or the workpiece, in particular by a separating device. In other words, the machining method comprises the method step of separating the workpiece.

[0042] Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description and the drawings. Likewise, the above-mentioned and further-described features can be used individually or in combination in any desired manner. The embodiments shown and described are not intended to be exhaustive, but rather are exemplary in nature for describing the invention.

[0043] Detailed description of the invention and drawing

[0044] Fig. 1 shows schematically a machining method according to the invention for producing a workpiece from a workpiece blank.

[0045] Fig. 2 shows a schematic production plan for producing workpieces from a workpiece blank.

[0046] Fig. 3 shows schematically a modified production plan for producing workpieces from a workpiece blank.

[0047] Fig. 4 shows schematically a section of the production plan according to Fig. 3 with defined puncture points.

[0048] Fig. 1 shows schematically a processing method 10.

[0049] The machining method 10 is explained below with reference to the remaining figures. The machining method 10 is suitable and designed for producing at least one workpiece 12 (see Figs. 2-4). The workpiece 12 is produced from a workpiece blank 14 (see Figs. 2-4), wherein a cut along a predetermined cutting contour 16 (see Figs. 2-4) is typically performed using a cutting tool (not shown). By cutting along the cutting contour 16, the workpiece 12 is essentially separated from a residual skeleton 18 surrounding the workpiece 12 (see Figs. 2-4). Typically, the cut workpiece 12 is held to the residual skeleton 18 via one or more micro-fasteners (not shown), for example micro- and / or nano-joints. This allows the machining of the workpiece blank 18 to continue without the cut workpieces 12 being displaced and / or tilting.After completion of the machining of the workpiece blank 14, the micro-fasteners can be broken open by part separation, in particular by means of vibration, and the workpieces 12 can be separated from the residual skeleton 18.

[0050] The processing method 10 is particularly suitable for implementation on and / or with a cutting tool designed as a laser processing machine. Cutting along the cutting contour 16 is typically performed using a laser beam of the laser processing machine.

[0051] The processing method 10 is typically carried out with computer support. In other words, the processing method 10 is preferably carried out in a device (not shown) and / or a computer system (not shown) with at least one computing unit for the mechanical processing of electronic data. The device and / or the computer system is preferably configured and designed to carry out all steps relevant to the processing method 10, in particular the process steps and data transfers. The processing method 10 comprises at least the following process steps:

[0052] In a method step 20 of the machining method 10, provision of a production plan 22 (see Figs. 2-4) with a workpiece position of the at least one workpiece 12 to be manufactured on the workpiece blank 14 is provided.

[0053] A workpiece position typically refers to the position and orientation of the workpiece 12 to be manufactured on the workpiece blank 14. In other words, the workpiece position of the workpiece 12 describes the area occupied by the workpiece 12 on the workpiece blank 14.

[0054] The production plan 22 is typically provided by a machine operator (not shown) and / or by a machine control system (not shown) of the cutting tool. The production plan 22 is preferably provided automatically by the machine control system. This can increase the degree of automation of the machining process 10.

[0055] In a further method step 24 of the machining method 10, residual grid spacings 26 (see Fig. 4) between the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12, between the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12 and further cutting contours 16 of further workpieces 12 and / or a blank edge 28 (see Figs. 2-4) of the workpiece blank 14 are determined.

[0056] The residual grid spacings 26 are preferably determined at several, in particular at a plurality of, positions on the cutting contour 16. This allows complex contours to be reliably captured.

[0057] A further method step 30 of the machining method 10 provides for determining at least one vibration-robust residual grid region 32 (see Fig. 4) depending on the determined residual grid spacings 26. In other words, at least one region in the vicinity of the workpiece 12 to be manufactured is determined in which the residual grid spacings 28 are sufficiently dimensioned with respect to a possible vibration fracture.

[0058] The requirements for the vibration-robust residual lattice region 32 are typically predetermined. This can facilitate automated execution of the machining method 10. The requirements can, for example, provide for a minimum residual lattice spacing 34 (see Fig. 4). The requirements can further, for example, provide for a predetermined transverse extension 36 transverse to a minimum residual lattice spacing 34, wherein the transverse extension 36 is measured in a section of the workpiece blank 14 without the cutting contour 26 and / or blank edge 28.

[0059] Furthermore, for example, it can be provided that the vibration-robust residual skeleton region 32 is determined depending on a workpiece material of the workpiece blank 14, a cutting speed of the cutting tool, a cutting tool type, a cutting technology, and / or a material thickness of the workpiece blank 14. This allows the dimensions of the vibration-robust residual skeleton region 32 to be optimized with regard to the vibration loads to be endured, for example, in a separating device.

[0060] In a further method step 38, the fastening method 10 provides for the definition of a puncture point 40 (see Fig. 4) of the cutting tool in the vibration-resistant residual grid area 32 next to the cutting contour 16.

[0061] The insertion of the cutting tool, particularly the laser beam in laser processing machines, is typically associated with reduced processing quality. A piercing point 40 enables the cutting tool to be inserted next to the actual cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12. This can result in reduced processing quality in the residual skeleton 18 of the workpiece blank 14. After piercing, the cutting tool is typically guided to the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 14 and then moved along the cutting contour 16 to cut the workpiece 12 from the workpiece blank 14. The approach of the cutting tool from the piercing point 40 to the cutting contour 16 is referred to as the approach path 42 (see Fig. 4).

[0062] The puncture point 40 is preferably defined in the vibration-robust residual skeleton area 32 such that a residual material width 44 (see Fig. 4) between the puncture point 40 and a cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12, between the puncture point 40 and a cutting contour 16 of an adjacent workpiece 12, and / or a blank edge 28 does not fall below a minimum value. This effectively prevents breakage of the residual skeleton 18 during a separation process.

[0063] The minimum value of the residual material width 44 can be predetermined, for example, depending on the vibration load caused by a separating device in a separating process. Furthermore, the minimum value of the residual material width 44 can be predetermined, for example, depending on the workpiece material of the workpiece blank 14 and / or the material thickness of the workpiece blank 14.

[0064] In a particular embodiment of the machining method 10, an additional method step 46 may provide for piercing the cutting tool at the specified piercing point 40, as well as moving the cutting tool to the cutting contour 16 and cutting the workpiece 12 along the cutting contour 16. In other words, the machining method 10 provides for the execution of the production plan 22.

[0065] Alternatively or additionally, in a particular embodiment of the machining method 10, an additional method step 48 may involve separating the workpiece 12 from the residual skeleton 18 by imposing vibrations on the residual skeleton 18 and / or the workpiece 12. The vibrations are typically imparted by a separating device. Fig. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a production plan 22.

[0066] The manufacturing plan 22 is typically provided for the machining process 10 (see Fig. 1).

[0067] As shown, the production plan 22 comprises several workpieces 12 to be manufactured, which are arranged on a workpiece blank 14. The arrangement of the workpieces 12 is usually predetermined. For reasons of clarity, only six workpieces 12 are provided with a reference symbol.

[0068] Typically, the production plan 22 shows a partial occupancy of the workpiece blank 14. In other words, a provided workpiece blank 14 cannot be completely filled with workpieces 12, resulting in unused areas 50 on the workpiece blank 14.

[0069] As shown, the production plan 22 typically includes workpieces 12 with different geometries and cutting contours 16. Furthermore, the production plan 22 can include workpieces 12 that have more than one cutting contour 16. The machining method 10 is suitable and designed for use with workpieces 12 with one or more cutting contours 16. For reasons of clarity, only two cutting contours 16 are provided with a reference symbol.

[0070] A typical production of the workpieces 12 provides that the cutting tool, in particular a laser beam, penetrates the workpiece blank 14 near a cutting contour 16 of a workpiece 12 to be manufactured, is brought to the cutting contour 16, and is then moved along the cutting contour 16 until the workpiece 12 is cut free. In other words, the workpiece 12 is then essentially separated from the residual skeleton 18 of the workpiece blank 14. Fig. 3 shows another production plan 22 in a schematic representation.

[0071] The production plan 22 according to Fig. 3 differs from the production plan 22 shown in Fig. 2 essentially in that the workpieces 12a are changed in their workpiece position. For reasons of clarity, only three workpieces 12a are provided with a reference symbol.

[0072] A workpiece position refers to the position and / or orientation of the respective workpiece 12 on the workpiece blank 14. In the illustrated case, the position of the workpieces 12a on the workpiece blank 14 was changed. The unused area 50 (see Fig. 2) was used for this purpose. By changing the workpiece position, a workpiece spacing 52 is increased, allowing the residual skeleton 18 to be made more vibration-resistant. For reasons of clarity, only one workpiece spacing 52 is provided with a reference symbol.

[0073] When determining the residual grid spacings 26, the machining method 10 can provide for a workpiece position of the workpiece 12 and / or at least one adjacent workpiece 12 to be changed. In other words, a workpiece spacing 52 can be optimized to enable the largest possible residual grid spacings 26.

[0074] Preferably, the residual grid spacings 26 are determined at least twice, in particular iteratively, before and after changing the workpiece position of the workpiece 12 to be manufactured and / or the workpiece position of at least one workpiece 12 adjacent to the workpiece 12 to be manufactured. The workpiece position can be changed by moving and / or rotating the workpieces 12.

[0075] Fig. 4 shows a section of the production plan 22 according to Fig. 3. The machining method 10 (see Fig. 1) is explained in more detail below using the workpieces 12 shown in Fig. 4, in particular the workpiece 12b to be manufactured.

[0076] According to the machining method 10, the residual grid spacings 26 of the workpiece 12b are first determined. Typically, the residual grid spacings 26 are determined at several, in particular at a multiplicity of, positions along the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12b. The residual grid spacings 26 are determined, as shown, between the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12a to be manufactured and an adjacent workpiece 12, as well as between the workpiece 12b to be manufactured and the blank edge 28. Preferably, a circumferential residual grid region 54 is determined for the workpiece 12b. As shown, the geometry of the workpiece 12b makes it unnecessary to determine the residual grid spacings 26 between the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12b.

[0077] Further according to the method, following the determination of the residual grid spacings 26, at least one vibration-robust residual grid region 32 is determined. The determination of the residual grid region 32 is carried out as a function of the residual grid spacings 26. In other words, the vibration-robust residual grid region 32 represents a partial region of the circumferential residual grid region 54. The residual grid 18 is typically formed within the vibration-robust residual grid region 32 such that a vibration-induced fracture 56, shown here for explanation, of the residual grid 18 can be prevented by forming a puncture point 40a and / or an approach path 42a of the cutting tool, for example if the residual grid spacing 26a is too small.

[0078] In particular, the vibration-robust residual lattice region 32 has at least a minimum residual lattice spacing 34. Typically, the vibration-robust residual lattice region 32 comprises a plurality of positions along the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12b that have a minimum residual lattice spacing 34. This allows for more flexible definition of the puncture point 40 and / or the formation of an approach path 42. In a preferred embodiment of the machining method 10, the vibration-robust residual lattice region 32 is configured such that, after the formation of a puncture point 40, a residual material width 44 is sufficiently dimensioned to prevent vibration-induced fracture 56.

[0079] The dimensioning of the residual material width 44 can, for example, depend on the vibration load of the residual skeleton 18 and / or the design of the puncture point 40. Typically, a residual material width 44a must be dimensioned larger when forming a conventional puncture point 40b due to the notch effect occurring at the puncture point 40b in order to withstand a vibration load collective without breakage.

[0080] As an alternative to a conventional penetration point 40b, the notch effect of the penetration point 40c and thus the susceptibility to vibration can be significantly reduced by forming a through-hole 58 with a circular outer contour, as schematically illustrated at the penetration point 40c. By forming a through-hole 58 with a circular outer contour, a residual material width 44b can be reduced compared to a residual material thickness 44a of a conventional penetration point 40b. Process-reliable machining of the workpiece blank 14 can thus be achieved even with smaller workpiece distances 52.

[0081] In a further preferred embodiment of the machining method 10, in addition to a penetration point 40, an approach path 42 of the cutting tool from the penetration point 40 to the cutting contour 16 of the workpiece 12b is defined in the vibration-robust residual skeleton region 32. As shown, this allows an approach path 42b to be defined that has a sufficient length to establish constant machining conditions and also promotes a residual material width 44c. A workpiece distance 52 can be further reduced. Preferably, the approach path 42b is defined with a contact angle 60 of less than 90 degrees to the cutting contour 16. The contact angle 60 is determined at or immediately adjacent to the intersection point between the approach path 42 and the cutting contour 16. As shown, the contact angle 60 is less than 45 degrees. In principle, a small contact angle 60 promotes the resulting residual material width 44 and thus the adjustable workpiece distance 52.

[0082] List of reference symbols

[0083] 10 machining processes;

[0084] 12, 12a, 12b workpiece;

[0085] 14 workpiece blank;

[0086] 16 cutting contour;

[0087] 18 residual grids;

[0088] 20 process steps;

[0089] 22 Production plan;

[0090] 24 process steps;

[0091] 26, 26a Residual grid spacing;

[0092] 28 blank edge;

[0093] 30 process steps;

[0094] 32 vibration-resistant residual grid area;

[0095] 34 Minimum grid spacing;

[0096] 36 transverse extension;

[0097] 38 process steps;

[0098] 40, 40a, 40b, 40c puncture site;

[0099] 42, 42a, 42b approach path;

[0100] 44, 44a, 44b, 44c residual material width;

[0101] 46 process steps;

[0102] 48 process steps;

[0103] 50 unused area;

[0104] 52 Workpiece distance ;

[0105] 54 surrounding residual grid area;

[0106] 56 fracture;

[0107] 58 through recess;

[0108] 60 contact angle.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A machining method (10) for producing a workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) from a workpiece blank (14), wherein the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) and a residual skeleton (18) surrounding the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) are produced by means of a cutting tool by cutting along a predetermined cutting contour (16); comprising the method steps: a) providing (20) a production plan (22) with at least one workpiece position of the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) to be manufactured on the workpiece blank (14); b) determining (24) residual skeleton distances (26, 26a) between the cutting contour (16) and further cutting contours (16) of further workpieces (12, 12a, 12b) and / or a blank edge (28) of the workpiece blank (14); c) determining (30) at least one vibration-robust residual lattice region (32) as a function of the determined residual lattice spacings (26, 26a);d) defining (38) a piercing point (40, 40a-c) of the cutting tool in the vibration-resistant residual grid area (32) next to the cutting contour (16); 2. Machining method (10) according to claim 1, additionally comprising the method step e) piercing (46) the cutting tool at the defined piercing point (40, 40a-c) and moving the cutting tool to the cutting contour (16) and cutting the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) along the cutting contour (16).

3. Processing method (10) according to claim 2, designed to be carried out by means of a laser processing machine, wherein cutting along the cutting contour (16) is carried out by means of a laser beam of the laser processing machine.

4. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the determination of the residual grid distances (26, 26a) takes place at least twice, in particular iteratively before and after changing the workpiece position of the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) to be manufactured and / or the workpiece position of at least one workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) adjacent to the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) to be manufactured.

5. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vibration-robust residual grid region (32) is determined as a function of a workpiece material of the workpiece blank (14), a cutting speed, a cutting tool and / or a material thickness of the workpiece blank (14).

6. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the vibration-robust residual lattice region (32) is determined as a function of a minimum residual lattice spacing (34).

7. Machining method (10) according to claim 6, wherein the vibration-robust residual lattice region (32) has a minimum residual lattice spacing (34) of at least 4 millimeters, preferably of at least 8 millimeters, particularly preferably of at least 10 millimeters.

8. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the puncture point (40, 40a-c) is determined (38) taking into account a residual material width (44, 44a-c) between the puncture point (40, 40a-c) and a cutting contour (16) of a workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) adjacent to the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) to be manufactured.

9. Processing method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a determination (38) of the puncture point (40, 40a-c) taking into account a residual material width (44, 44a-c) between the Puncture point (40, 40a-c) and a fixed puncture point (40, 40a-c) of a workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) adjacent to the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) to be manufactured.

10. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the puncture point (40, 40a-c) is determined (38) taking into account a residual material width (44, 44a-c) between the puncture point (40, 40a-c) and the blank edge (28) of the workpiece blank (14).

11. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in method step d) an approach path (42, 42a, 42b) of the cutting tool from the puncture point (40, 40a-c) to the cutting contour (16) in the vibration-robust residual grid area (32) is additionally defined.

12. Machining method (10) according to claim 11, wherein the approach path (42, 42a, 42b) is formed with a contact angle (60) of less than 90°, preferably of less than 45°, particularly preferably of less than 25° to the cutting contour (16).

13. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a through-recess (58) with a circular outer contour is formed at the puncture point (40, 40a-c).

14. Processing method (10) according to claim 13, wherein the Through-recess (58) is formed with a diameter of at least 0.5 millimeters, preferably 1 millimeter, particularly preferably at least 2 millimeters.

15. Machining method (10) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the additional method step: f) separating (48) the workpiece (12, 12a, 12b) from the residual grid (18) by imposing vibrations on the residual grid (18) and / or the Workpiece (12, 12a, 12b), in particular by a Separation device.

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