APARELHOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO, APARELHOS DE GERENCIAMENTO E MÉTODO DE TESTE

Abstract

The present invention provides a communication device comprising: a reception unit that receives, from a management device, a notification indicating test details; and a control unit that, on the basis of the notification, transitions to a test mode, and controls testing related to communication via a wireless device.

Description

1 / 52 Communication devices, management devices and testing method Technical Field

[001] The present invention relates to a communication apparatus, a management apparatus and a test method in a radio communication system. [Technical Background]

[002] In NR (New Radio) (also referred to as “5G”), which is a successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies have been introduced to meet requirements such as large system capacity, high-speed data transmission, low latency, simultaneous connectivity for many terminals, low cost and reduced power consumption.

[003] In addition, as a standard specification for a fronthaul interface in a next-generation radio access network, an O-RAN fronthaul specification has been released. The method of functional separation at a base station differs between the 3GPP specification (trademark) and the O-RAN fronthaul specification. List of Citations Non-Patented Literature

[004] [Non-Patent Literature 1] 3GPP TS 38.104 V17.8.0 (2022-12) [Non-Patent Literature 2] 3GPP TS 38.141-1 V17.8.0 (2022-12) [Non-Patent Literature 3] 3GPP TS 38.141-2 V17.8.0 (2022-12) Summary of the Invention Solution to the Problem

[005] Non-Patent Literature 1 to 3 and related documents specify tests to verify the performance of a base station in 3GPP (registered trademark).

[006] However, in the related technique, there is no specification. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 82 / 150 2 / 52 of a standard test corresponding to the O-RAN fronthaul specification, and therefore there is a problem that a test for the O-RAN fronthaul specification cannot be performed adequately.

[007] The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that enables a communication apparatus to properly perform a test related to communication via a radio apparatus. Ways to Solve the Problem

[008] According to the disclosed technique, a communication device is provided including: A receiving unit configured to receive a notification from a management device indicating the content of the test; and a control unit configured, based on the notification, to transition to a test mode and control a test related to communication via a radio device. Advantageous Effects of the Invention

[009] According to the disclosed technique, a technique is provided that enables a communication device to properly perform a test related to communication via a radio device. Brief Description of the Drawings

[010] [Fig. 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram to explain a radio communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Fig. 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram to explain a radio communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Fig. 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example configuration including an SMO 13; [Fig. 4] FIG. 4 shows tests on TS38. 104; Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 83 / 150 3 / 52 [Fig. 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a base station configuration 10 in accordance with the 7.2x Division Option; [Fig. 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a specific example of “low-PHY & RF” and “high-PHY”; [Fig. 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a base station 10 in accordance with Division 2 Option; [Fig. 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration in a first embodiment; [Fig. 9] FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram in the first modality; [Fig. 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration according to a second modality; [Fig. 11] FIG. 11 is a sequence diagram in the second modality; [Fig. 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a management device; [Fig. 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a communication device; [Fig. 14] FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a management device or a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention; and [Fig. 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle configuration. Description of the Modalities

[011] Hereafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below are examples, and embodiments to which the present invention applies are not limited to the embodiments that follow.

[012] In the operation of the radio communication system in accordance with Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 84 / 150 4 / 52 embodiment of the present invention, an existing technique is used as appropriate. The existing technique is, for example, existing LTE or existing NR, but is not limited to existing LTE and NR.

[013] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms used in existing NR and similar terms are employed, but this is for convenience of description, and signs, functions and the like similar to these may be referred to by other names.

[014] In the embodiment of the present invention, a duplex scheme may be a time-division duplexing (TDD) scheme, a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) scheme, or another scheme (e.g., flexible duplexing or similar).

[015] In the embodiment of the present invention, a radio parameter or similar being “configured” may mean that a predetermined value is set in advance (Pre-configuration), or it may mean that a radio parameter provided as notification from a base station 10 or a terminal 20 is configured. (Example of System Configuration)

[016] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an Example Configuration (1) of a radiocommunication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the radiocommunication system includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Although a single base station 10 and a single terminal 20 are depicted, this is only an example, and any number of each may be provided. In this embodiment, the base station 10 specifically includes components such as an O-RU (O-RAN Radio Unit) and an O-DU (O-RAN Distributed Unit).

[017] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides a Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 85 / 150 5 / 52 or more cells and performs radio communication with terminal 20. The physical resources of the radio signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the time domain can be defined by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The frequency domain can be defined by the number of symbols, or it can be defined by the number of subcarriers or by the number of feature blocks. Base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, an NR-PSS or an NR-SSS. The system information is transmitted, for example, by the NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information can be referred to as an SS / PBCH block (SSB). The SSB can be referred to as a synchronization signal or it can be referred to as a synchronization signal block. As illustrated in FIG.1. Base station 10 transmits a control or data signal to terminal 20 on a downlink (DL) and receives a control or data signal from terminal 20 on an uplink (UL). Both base station 10 and terminal 20 can transmit and receive signals using beamforming. In addition, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can apply multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication for DL ​​or UL. Furthermore, both base station 10 and terminal 20 can communicate via a secondary cell (SCell) and a primary cell (PCell) using carrier aggregation (CA). Additionally, terminal 20 can communicate via a primary cell of base station 10 and a secondary primary cell group (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station using dual connectivity (DC). Base station 10 can be referred to as gNB.

[018] Terminal 20 is a communication device having a radio communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 86 / 150 6 / 52 wearable terminal, an IoT terminal and a communication module for M2M (Machine-to-Machine). As illustrated in FIG. 1, terminal 20 receives a control or data signal from base station 10 on the DL and transmits a control or data signal to base station 10 on the UL, thus using various communication services provided by the radio communication system. Also, terminal 20 receives several reference signals transmitted from base station 10 and measures the channel quality based on the result of the reception of the reference signal.

[019] Terminal 20 can perform carrier aggregation in which a plurality of cells (a plurality of component carriers (CCs)) are aggregated to communicate with base station 10. In carrier aggregation, one PCell (primary cell) and one or more SCells (secondary cells) are used. A PUCCH-SCell with PUCCH can also be used.

[020] FIG. 2 is a diagram to explain an example (2) of the radiocommunication system according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 illustrates an example configuration of a radiocommunication system in a case where dual connectivity (DC) is implemented. As shown in FIG. 2, a base station 10A serving as a master node (MN) and a base station 10B serving as a secondary node (SN) are provided. Base station 10A and base station 10B are connected to the core network, respectively. Terminal 20 can communicate with both base station 10A and base station 10B.

[021] A group of cells supplied by base station 10A, which is MN, is referred to as the master cell group (MCG), and a group of cells supplied by base station 10B, which is SN, is referred to as the secondary cell group (SCG). In DC, the MCG includes a PCell and one or more SCells, and the SCG includes a PSCell (primary SCG cell) and one or more SCells.

[022] The processing operation in this mode may be Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 87 / 150 7 / 52 executed by the system configuration shown in FIG. 1, by the system configuration shown in FIG. 2, or by a system configuration different from these. (Example of O-RAN Configuration)

[023] With the purpose of opening up and promoting RAN (Radio Access Network) intelligence in the 5G era, the O-RAN Alliance was established, and many enterprise operators / suppliers are affiliated with the O-RAN Alliance and are in discussions. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that base station 10 has a fronthaul configuration in accordance with the O-RAN fronthaul specification. However, the present invention is not limited to such an assumption.

[024] The fronthaul configuration is one in which one or more radio units performing RF processing (wireless) and an aggregation unit that aggregates the radio units are connected by a circuit (which may be wired or wireless). This circuit may also be referred to as the fronthaul. In the present embodiment, the radio unit is called the O-RU (O-RAN Radio Unit) and the aggregation unit is called the O-DU (O-RAN Distribution Unit). The O-RU may also be referred to as a radio apparatus, and the O-DU as a communication apparatus.

[025] In this mode, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the configuration includes an O-RU 11 and an O-DU 12, and it is assumed that an SMO (Service Management and Orchestration) 13 is connected to the O-DU 12 via the O1 interface. The SMO 13 is a device that performs monitoring, maintenance and orchestration of the RAN (Radio Access Network). (Regarding the 3GPP™ Registered Compliance Test in O-RAN)

[026] In non-patent document 1 (3GPP TS38.104) and in non-patent documents 2 and 3 (TS38.141), tests are defined to verify the Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 88 / 150 8 / 52 base station performance 10.

[027] More specifically, TS 38.104 defines three types of tests, as illustrated in FIG. 4. For detailed test conditions and procedures, see TS 38.104, TS 38.141-1 (Conducted) and TS 38.141-2 (Irradiated).

[028] As an operator (communications carrier), base station 10 expects minimum performance to be guaranteed by passing these tests, and these test rules are used for technical compliance certification testing.

[029] In order to perform the test, the device needs to operate in a test mode that is not used in actual operation. However, in the related technique, there is no standard technical specification for activating the test mode and performing the test on the device, and the device is implemented by a supplier.

[030] In base station 10 that adheres to the fronthaul specification provided for in this modality, Functional Division Option 7.2x is employed, as illustrated in FIG. 5, so that the PHY (physical layer) is functionally divided into O-DU 12 and O-RU 11.

[031] That is, in Functional Division Option 7.2x, the PHY is separated into “PHY-low & RF” on the O-RU 11 side and PHY-high on the O-DU 12 side. FIG. 6 shows a specific example of the “PHY-low & RF” and “PHY-high” functions. In FIG. 6, the dashed lines indicate optional attributes. In addition, when precoding is performed on the O-RU 11 side, precoding is not performed on the O-DU 12 side.

[032] On the other hand, the Functional Division in 3GPP (registered trademark) is only Option 2 illustrated in FIG. 7, and is separated into a CU and a “DU / RU”, as illustrated in FIG. 7. That is, the test defined above by 3GPP (trademark) Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 89 / 150 9 / 52 registered) does not assume the configuration in which O-DU 12 and O-RU 11 are separated. (Regarding Problems in the Modality)

[033] Problem 1: As described above, in O-RAN, there is no standard technical specification related to activating test mode and running the test, and therefore there is a problem that the operator cannot run the test freely.

[034] Problem 2: In addition, at base station 10 where O-DU 12 and O-RU 11 are separated from each other by O-RAN compliance, there is a problem that the operation between O-DU 12 and O-RU 11 at the time of activation of test mode and execution of the test is not defined and, for example, if O-DU 12 and O-RU 11 are manufactured by multiple suppliers, there are no clear means to perform the test. (Overview of the Modality)

[035] An overview of a technique according to a modality for solving problems 1 and 2 above will be described.

[036] For problem 1, a provision (Interface O1 to O-DU) to instruct the activation and execution of test mode on base station 10 where ODU 12 and O-RU 11 are functionally separated in accordance with ORAN is newly defined. For problem 2, a specific means is defined that can evaluate the 3GPP standard (registered trademark) even when O-DU 12 and O-RU 11 are manufactured by multiple suppliers.

[037] To be more specific, the definition of a new O1 to O-DU Interface message, which is one of the standard O-RAN technical specifications, and the O-DU operation related to the message, are specified. The outline of the operation of each of the UL and DL tests based on the definition is as follows.

[038] UL test: Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 90 / 150 10 / 52 O-DU 12 receives a test mode notification from SMO 13 and performs the control to report the measurement result to SMO 13 based on the signal received from O-RU 11.

[039] In relation to the above report, a Performance Management counter (hereinafter, PM counter) is defined, which is information used by O-DU 12 to report the measurement result to SMO 13.

[040] DL Test: O-DU 12 receives the test mode notification from SMO 13 and executes the control to transmit a test template to O-RU 11. The test template is a signal to perform a test and can be referred to as a test signal.

[041] Next, an operation related to a test will be described in detail with a modality related to the UL test as a first modality and a modality related to the DL test as a second modality. (First Mode: UL Test)

[042] FIG. 8 shows an example of a system configuration according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the system includes a signal generator 30, the O-RU 11, the O-DU 12 and the SMO 13, and at least the devices connected by lines in FIG. 8 can communicate with each other. Additionally, a plurality of O-RUs 11 can be connected to an O-DU 12.

[043] FIG. 9 shows a sequence for a test performed on each UL test item. An example of an operation for a test will be described following the procedure shown in FIG. 9. As a premise of the sequence in FIG. 9, it is assumed that an M-plane connection is established between SMO 13, Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 91 / 150 11 / 52 to O-DU 12 and O-RU 11, and synchronization is achieved between O-DU 12, O-RU 11 and signal generator 30. <s101>

[044] In S101, before the start of the test, SMO 13 transmits an instruction (notification) to O-DU 12, and O-DU 12 receives the instruction. Through this instruction, O-DU 12 specifies the content of the test to be performed. An example of the content of the instruction in S101 will be described later.

[045] Note that SMO 13 can instruct O-DU 12 to execute a plurality of tests through a single instruction. That is, O-DU 12 can be instructed to execute a plurality of tests through a single instruction.

[046] For example, when a plurality of O-DU12s are connected under the O-RU11, the SMO13 can transmit an instruction that summarizes the tests for each of the plurality of O-RU11s to the O-DU12.

[047] For example, when an O-RU 11 supports a plurality of CCs (component carriers), the SMO 13 can transmit an instruction that aggregates tests for each of the plurality of CCs to the O-DU 12. <s102>

[048] The O-DU 12 is prepared in test mode based on the instructions of SMO 13. That is, the O-DU 12 transitions to test mode. Test mode is a mode for performing a test, which is different from the normal operating mode. That is, after S102, the O-DU 12 executes an operation (behavior) in test mode. <s103>

[049] In S103, the test signal transmitted from signal generator 30 reaches O-DU 12 via O-RU 11. O-DU 12 receives a test signal from O-RU 11. The test signal is, for example, a fixed reference channel (FRC). <s104> Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 92 / 150 12 / 52

[050] In the S104, the O-DU 12 counts the parameters necessary to report the measurement results to the SMO 13 based on the test signal received in a predetermined measurement period. Examples of parameters that need to be counted in the O-DU 12 in each test are described later. <s105>

[051] In S105, O-DU 12 generates a count result as a PM counter and reports the generated count result to SMO 13. O-DU 12 can report one count result at a time, or it can report a plurality of count results at a time. As a method for reporting the count result to SMO 13, for example, there are the following methods 1 to 3.

[052] Method 1: O-DU 12 reports each count result as a raw value. In this case, SMO 13 determines whether the test was passed or not based on the count result received from O-DU 12.

[053] Method 2: O-DU 12 calculates a value to determine a requirement from each count result, further determines whether the calculated value satisfies the requirement or not, and reports a determination result (OK or NG) to SMO 13. A specific example of the requirement will be described later.

[054] In method 2, since the information reported from O-DU 12 to SMO 13 is only OK / NG information, it is possible to reduce the amount of transmission signals between O-DU 12 and SMO 13. Additionally, since the SMO 13 side does not need to have a function to make a determination, the SMO 13 function can be simplified.

[055] Method 3: O-DU 12 calculates a value to determine the need for each count result and reports the calculated information to SMO 13. One Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 93 / 150 13 / 52 An example of "value to determine the requirement" will be described later.

[056] In the case of method 2 described above, although the effect described above is obtained, the information indicating the degree of success / failure is not transmitted to the SMO 13 side, and the information that an operator (commercial operator) operating the SMO 13 can obtain is minimized.

[057] On the other hand, method 3 is an intermediate solution between method 1 and method 2. In method 3, information indicating the degree of success / failure can be transmitted, and the amount of transmission signals can be reduced compared to method 1. <s106>

[058] In S106, O-DU 12 ends test mode after transmitting the PM counter.

[059] Note that the test operation may be performed in accordance with the corresponding test regulations of Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 (3GPP TS38.104, TS38.141) for points not described in this specification. In addition, as "7.6 Spurious emissions from the receiver" of Non-Patent Document 2 does not perform measurements on O-DU 12, the technique according to this embodiment need not be applied. (Detailed Example of a Test Item)

[060] Next, for each test item (the corresponding section in TS38.141-1), specific examples will be described for (A) the content of the SMO 13 instruction, (B) parameters to be counted in O-DU 12, and (C) a method for calculating report value and (D) requirements. (A) The content of the SMO 13 instruction corresponds to the instruction provided as notification in S101 of FIG. 9. Note that a YANG parameter can be newly defined so that O-DU 12 can recognize the instruction content (parameter). Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 94 / 150 14 / 52 (B) The parameter counted by O-DU 12 is a parameter used in the gross value report of method 1 in S105. (C) The reporting value calculation method corresponds to the information calculation method (a value to determine requirements) of method 3 in S105. (D) The requirement corresponds to the method of determining results of method 2 in S105. The following description of (D) is a brief and strict description, for example, the description follows the minimum requirements of each test of TS38.104. [06 1] The following will describe examples of (A) the content of the SMO 13 instruction, (B) the parameter to be counted with O-DU 12, (C) the method of calculating the report value, and (D) the requirement for each test item. The following section number TS38.141-1 and the title (test item name) are described as the test items, and the content of (A) through (C) is described for each of the test items. <Itens de teste: 7.2 Nível de sensibilidade de referência, 7.3 Faixa dinâmica, 7.4.1 Seletividade de canal adjacente, 7.4.2 Bloqueio em banda, 7.5 Bloqueio fora de banda, 7.7 Intermodulação do receptor, 7.8 Seletividade no canal> (A) The content of instruction SMO 13 1. Test item 2. FRC Type 3. Carrier frequency 4. PRB Displacement 5. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming) (B) Parameters for counting with O-DU 12 1. Number of reception occasions (total number of FRC slots x number of slots within the measurement period) Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 95 / 150 15 / 52 2. Number of CRC OKs (C) Report Value Calculation Method

[062] Transfer rate = Number of CRC OKs / Number of reception occasions. (D) Requirement

[063] The transfer rate is greater than 95%. <Itens de teste: 8.2.1 Requisitos de desempenho para PUSCH com précodificação de transformação desabilitada, 8.2.2 Requisitos de desempenho para PUSCH com pré-codificação de transformação habilitada> (A) The content of the SMO 13 instruction 1. Test item 2. FRC Type 3. Carrier frequency 4. PRB Displacement 5. Push mapping type (A or B) 6. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming) (B) Parameters for counting with O-DU 12 1. Number of receiving occasions (total number of slots during the measurement period in which PUSCH is allocated, including HARQ NACK) 2. Number of CRC OKs (C) Report Value Calculation Method

[064] The transfer rate is the number of CRC OKs / number of receiving occasions. (D) Requirement

[065] The transfer rate is equal to or greater than 70%. <Item de teste: 8.2.3 Requisitos de desempenho para UCI multiplexadas em PUSCH> Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 96 / 150 16 / 52 (A) The content of instruction SMO 13 1. Test item 2. FRC Type 3. Carrier frequency 4. PRB Displacement 5. Push mapping type (A or B) 6. Number of UTI bits (7 bits or 40 bits) 7. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming) (B) Parameters for counting with O-DU 12 1. Total number of slots allocated for ICU admission at PUSCH 2. Number of HARQ NACKs (number of receiving NGs) (C) Report value calculation method

[066] BLER=Number of HARQ NACKs (number of receiving NGs) / Total number of slots directed to ICU reception in PUSCH. (D) Requirements

[067] For BLER from CSI Part 1, it is less than 0.1%.

[068] For BLER from CSI Part 2, it is less than 1%. <Itens de teste: 8.2.4 Requisitos de desempenho para PUSCH para trem de alta velocidade e 8.2.5 Requisitos de desempenho para ajuste de temporização de UL>

[069] (A)-(D) Same as for Test Item 8.2.1. <Item de teste: 8.2.6 Requisitos de desempenho para PUSCH com 0,001% BLER>

[070] (A) is identical to (A) for Test Item: 8.2.1. (B) and (C) are identical to (B) and (C) for Test Item: 8.2.3. (D) Requirement

[071] BLER is equal to or less than 0.001%. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 97 / 150 17 / 52<Item de teste: 8.2.7 Requisitos de desempenho para repetição de PUSCH Tipo A>

[072] (A) is identical to (A) for Test Item: 8.2.1. (B) and (C) are identical to (B) and (C) for Test Item: 8.2.3. (D) Requirements

[073] BLER is equal to or less than 1% or less.

[074] Here, BLER is defined as follows.

[075] "BLER is defined as residual BLER; that is, the ratio of incorrectly received transport blocks / transport blocks sent, regardless of the number of HARQ transmissions for each transport block." <Item de teste: 8.2.8 Requisitos de desempenho para mapeamento de PUSCH tipo B com transmissão sem slot >

[076] (A) through (D) are the same as (A) through (D) in Test Item: 8.2.1. However, for (A), point 5 (PUSCH mapping type) is fixed in Type B. <Item de teste: 8.2.9 Requisitos de desempenho para msgA de PUSCH para tipo RA de 2 etapas>

[077] (A) is the same as (A) from test item: 8.2.1. (B) and (C) are the same as (B) and (C) from test item: 8.2.3. (D) Requirements

[078] BLER is equal to or less than 1%. <Item de teste: 8.3.1 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de PUCCH 0> (A) The content of instruction SMO 13 1. Test item 2. Carrier frequency Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 98 / 150 18 / 52 3. PRB Displacement 4. PUCCH format (test case) 5. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming) (B) Parameters for counting with O-DU 12 1. Total number of PUCCH reception slots 2. Number of HARQ ACK receipts (number of OKs for receipts) (C) Report value calculation method - ACK detection rate = Number of HARQ ACK receptions (number of receive OKs) / (Number of destination PUCCH receive slots x 2) - ACK incorrect detection rate = 1-(ACK detection rate) (D) Requirements - ACK detection rate (probability of an ACK being correctly detected when a signal is entered): greater than 99% - ACK incorrect detection rate (probability of an ACK not being detected when a signal is entered): less than 1% <Item de teste: 8.3.2.1 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de PUCCH 1: NACK para ACK>

[079] (A) is identical to (A) in Test Item: 8.3.1. (B) Parameters for counting with the O-DU 12 1. Total number of PUCCH reception slots 2. Number of HARQ ACK receptions (during idle period) 3. Number of HARQ ACK receptions (in NACK bits) (C) Report value calculation method - False ACK detection rate = Number of HARQ ACK receptions (during idle period) / (Number of destination PUCCH reception slots x 2) - NACK to ACK detection rate = Number of HARQ ACK receptions (in NACK bits) / (Number of destination PUCCH reception slots x 2) Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, p. 99 / 150 19 / 52 (D) Requirements - False ACK detection rate (probability of incorrectly detecting an ACK when only noise is entered): less than 1% - NACK to ACK detection rate (probability of mistakenly detecting a NACK as an ACK): less than 0.1% <Item de teste: 8.3.2.2 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de PUCCH 1: ACK perdeu detecção>

[080] (A) is identical to (A) in Test Item: 8.3.1. (B) Parameters for counting with the O-DU 12 1. Total number of PUCCH reception slots 2. Number of HARQ ACK receptions (during idle period) 3. Number of HARQ ACK receptions (in ACK bits) (C) Report value calculation method - False ACK detection rate = Number of HARQ-ACK receptions (during idle period) / (Number of destination PUCCH reception slots x 2) - ACK detection rate = Number of HARQ ACK receptions (in ACK bits) / (Number of destination PUCCH reception slots x 2) (D) Requirements - False ACK detection rate (probability of incorrectly detecting an ACK when only noise is entered): less than 1% - ACK detection rate (probability of mistakenly detecting a NACK as an ACK): greater than 99% <Item de teste: 8.3.3.1 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de PUCCH 2: ACK perdeu detecção>

[081] (A) is identical to (A) in Test Item: 8.3.1, and (B) through (D) are identical to (B) through (D) in Test Item: 8.3.2.2. <Item de teste: 8.3.3.2 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de Petição 870250084567, de 19 / 09 / 2025, pág. 100 / 150 20 / 52 PUCCH 2: Requisitos de desempenho de UCI BLER>

[082] (A) is identical to (A) in Test Item: 8.3.1. (B) Parameters for counting with the O-DU 12 1. Total number of PUCCH reception slots 2. Number of CRC NGs in ICU decoding (C) Report value calculation method

[083] ICU block error = Number of CRC NGs in ICU decoding / Total number of PUCCH reception slots (D) Requirements

[084] The ICU block error is less than 1%. <Item de teste: 8.3.4 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de PUCCH 3> (A) The content of instruction SMO 13 1. Test item 2. Carrier frequency 3. PRB Displacement 4. PUCCH format (test case) 5. Test 1 or Test 2 6. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming)

[085] (B) through (D) are identical to (B) through (D) in Test Item: 8.3.3.2. <Item de teste: 8.3.5 Requisitos de desempenho para o formato de PUCCH 4>

[086] (A) is identical to (A) in Test Item: 8.3.1. (B) through (D) are identical to (B) through (D) in Test Item: 8.3.3.2. <Item de teste: 8.4.1 Probabilidade de alarme falso e detecção perdida de PRACH> (A) The content of instruction SMO 13 Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 101 / 150 21 / 52 1. Test item 2. Carrier frequency 3. PRB Displacement 4. PRACH format (test case) 5. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming) (B) Parameters for counting with O-DU 12 1. Pfa 1. Total number of PRACH reception slots 2. Number of slots in which a preamble was detected. 2. Pd 1. Total number of PRACH reception slots 2. Number of slots in which a preamble was detected. 3. Timing Advance Value for each slot where the preamble was detected (C) Report Value Calculation Method - Pfa=(Number of slots in which a preamble was detected) / (Total number of PRACH reception slots) (only noise is inserted) - Pd=(Number of slots in which a preamble was detected) / (Total number of PRACH reception slots) (input signal)

[087] To account for timing errors when evaluating Pd, the Timing Lead value in 2-3 can be considered when calculating the result, or the TA value itself can be reported. (D) Requirements - Pfa (probability of detecting a preamble when only noise is inserted): 0.1% or less - Pd (probability of correctly detecting a preamble when a signal is entered): 99% or higher Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 102 / 150 22 / 52 (Effects of the First Modality)

[088] The technique according to the first modality enables the UL test to be performed properly on base station 10 (example: FIG. 5) where the functions are separated according to the O-RAN fronthaul specification. (Second Mode: DL Test)

[089] FIG. 10 shows an example of a system configuration according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, the present system includes a spectrum analyzer 40, an O-RU 11, an O-DU 12 and an SMO 13, and at least the devices connected by the lines in FIG. 10 can communicate with each other. Additionally, a plurality of O-DUs 12 can be connected to an O-RU 11. The spectrum analyzer 40 is an example of a test device.

[090] FIG. 11 shows a sequence for a test performed on each DL test item. An example of an operation for a test will be described following the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11. As a premise of the sequence in FIG. 11, it is assumed that an M-plane connection is established between SMO 13, O-DU 12 and O-RU 11. <s201>

[091] In S201, before the start of the test, SMO 13 transmits an instruction (notification) to O-DU 12, and O-DU 12 receives the instruction. Through this instruction, O-DU 12 specifies the content of the test to be performed. An example of the instruction content in S201 will be described later.

[092] Note that SMO 13 can instruct O-DU 12 to execute a plurality of tests through a single instruction. That is, O-DU 12 can be instructed to execute a plurality of tests through a single instruction.

[093] For example, when a plurality of O-RUs 11 are connected Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 103 / 150 23 / 52 under O-DU 12, SMO 13 can transmit an instruction that aggregates the tests for each of the plurality of O-RUs 11 to O-DU 12.

[094] Additionally, for example, when an O-RU 11 supports a plurality of CCs, the SMO 13 can transmit an instruction that aggregates tests for the plurality of CCs to the O-DU 12. <s202>

[095] The O-DU 12 is prepared in test mode based on the instructions of SMO 13. That is, the O-DU 12 is switched to test mode. Test mode is a mode for performing a test, which is different from the normal operating mode. That is, after S202, the O-DU 12 executes the operation (behavior) in test mode. <s203>

[096] In S203, O-DU 12 generates a test signal (which may be referred to as a test model) based on the instruction received from SMO 13 and transmits the test signal to O-RU 11. The test signal reaches spectrum analyzer 40 via O-RU 11, and spectrum analyzer 40 checks whether the test passed or failed. <s204>

[097] In S204, O-DU 12 terminates test mode. Note that the test operation may be performed in accordance with the corresponding test regulations of Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 (3GPP TS38.104, TS38.141) for points not described in this specification. (Detailed Example of a Test Item)

[098] Below, specific examples of the content of the SMO 13 instruction are explained for each test item (the corresponding sections in TS 38.141). Note that items (B) Parameters to be counted with O-DU 12, (C) Report value calculation method, and (D) Requirements are omitted because in Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 104 / 150 24 / 52 DL test: there are no test items that require measurements with the O-DU 12.

[099] (A) The content of instruction SMO 13 corresponds to the instruction provided as notification in S201 in FIG. 11. Note that a YANG parameter may be newly set so that O-DU 12 can recognize the instruction content (parameter).

[100] In the case of the DL test, "(A) the content of instruction SMO 13" is common to the following test items. <Item de teste: 6.2 Potência de saída da estação base, 6.3.2 Faixa dinâmica de controle de potência de RE, 6.3.3 Faixa dinâmica de potência total, 6.4.1 Potência DESLIGADA do transmissor, 6.4.2 Período transitório do transmissor, 6.5.1 Erro de frequência, 6.5.2 Qualidade da modulação, 6.5.3 Erro de alinhamento de tempo,6.6.2 Largura de banda ocupada, 6.6.3 Razão de potência de vazamento do canal adjacente, 6.6.4 Emissões indesejadas da banda operacional, 6.6.5 Emissões espúrias do transmissor e 6.7 Intermodulação do transmissor> (A) the content of instruction SMO 13 1. Test item 2. Cell ID 3. Carrier frequency 4. Test model type 5. Transmission Bandwidth [RB] and SCS 6. Antenna port that emits signals (basically, signals are emitted by all antenna ports and unnecessary ports are closed) 7. Beam ID (when O-RU performs beamforming) (Second Modality Effects)

[101] With the technology in accordance with the second modality, it is possible to adequately perform the DL test on base station 10 (example: FIG. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 105 / 150 25 / 52 5) where the functions are separated according to the O-RAN fronthaul specification. (Variations)

[102] As to which of Methods 1 to 3 for reporting test results in the first modality UL test should be used, a particular method may be predetermined for each test item, or SMO 13 may instruct O-DU 13 to use a method in S101 in FIG. 9.

[103] Additionally, in either of Methods 1 to 3, the O-DU 12 can store the generated information without transmitting it to the SMO 13. In this case, for example, a remote device (which could be the SMO 13 or a device other than the SMO 13) can, when necessary, access the O-DU 12 and read the stored information.

[104] Also, in the second-mode DL test, the information (information indicating the content of the test) provided as notification from SMO 13 to O-DU 12 in S201 of FIG. 11 can be provided from SMO 13 or O-RU 11 to a device (e.g., spectrum analyzer 40) that receives a signal from O-DU 12 and performs a test. (Device Setup)

[105] The following is an example of the functional configuration of the SMO 13 and the O-DU 12 that perform the operations described above. The SMO 13 can be referred to as the management device, and the O-DU 12 can be referred to as the communication device. <SMO 13>

[106] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the SMO 13. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the SMO 13 includes a transmission unit 110, a reception unit 120, a configuration unit 130 and a control unit 140. The configuration Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 106 / 150 The functional division 26 / 52 illustrated in FIG. 12 is merely an example. The functional division and name of the functional unit may be any division and name, provided that the operation according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed. The transmission unit 110 and the reception unit 120 may be referred to collectively as a communication unit.

[107] The transmission unit 110 includes a function to transmit a signal (information) to the O-DU 12. The reception unit 120 receives a signal transmitted from the O-DU 12.

[108] Configuration unit 130 stores configuration information in a storage device included in configuration unit 130, reads configuration information from the storage device as needed, and uses the configuration information to generate an instruction (notification) to be transmitted to O-DU 12, for example. Control unit 140 performs control related to SMO processing 13. Transmission unit 110 may be referred to as a transmitter and reception unit 120 may be referred to as a receiver. <O-DU 12>

[109] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the O-DU 12. As shown in FIG. 13, the O-DU 12 includes a transmission unit 210, a reception unit 220, a configuration unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration illustrated in FIG. 13 is merely an example. The functional division and name of the functional unit may be any division and name, provided that operation according to the embodiment of the present invention can be performed. The transmission unit 210 and the reception unit 220 may be referred to collectively as a communication unit.

[110] Transmission unit 210 performs transmission to the O- Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 107 / 150 27 / 52 RU 11 and transmission to SMO 13. Receiving unit 220 handles reception of SMO 13 and reception of O-RU 11.

[111] Configuration unit 230 stores configuration information on a storage device included with configuration unit 230 and reads configuration information from the storage device as needed. Configuration unit 230 also stores configuration information that is pre-configured. Control unit 240 controls O-DU 12.

[112] This descriptive report discloses at least the following supplementary notes. <Notas Suplementares> [Clause 1]

[113] A communication device including: A receiving unit configured to receive a notification from a management device indicating the content of the test; and a control unit configured, based on the notification, to transition to a test mode and control a test related to communication via a radio device. [Clause 2]

[114] The communication apparatus as described in Clause 1, wherein, in an uplink test, the control unit counts a parameter corresponding to the test content based on a test signal received from the radio apparatus and generates, as test result information, information representing a count result; Information indicating whether a requirement has been met, with the information determined based on the result of the count; or Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 108 / 150 28 / 52 information to determine the requirement. [Clause 3]

[115] The communication apparatus as described in Clause 2, further comprising a transmission unit configured to report to the management apparatus the test result information generated by the control unit. [Clause 4]

[116] The communication apparatus as described in Clause 1, further comprising a transmission unit configured, in a downlink test, to transmit to the radio apparatus a test signal generated by the control unit based on the test content. [Clause 5]

[117] A management device including: A transmitting unit configured to transmit a notification to a communication device indicating the test content; and a receiving unit configured to receive test result information from the communication device which transitioned to a test mode based on the notification and performs a communication-related test via a radio device. [Clause 6]

[118] A test method performed by a communication device, the test method including: To receive a notification from a management device indicating the content of the test; and to transition to a test mode based on the notification and control of a test related to communication via a radio device.

[119] In accordance with any of Clauses 1 to 6, one Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 109 / 150 29 / 52 technique that enables a communication device to properly perform a test related to communication via a radio device. According to Clause 2, various types of information can be generated as test result information in the uplink test. According to Clause 3, the test result information can be reported to the management device. According to Clause 4, it is possible to properly perform a downlink test. (Hardware Configuration)

[120] The block diagrams (FIGs. 12 and 13) used in the description of the embodiment described above illustrate the block of functional units. These functional blocks (configuration parts) are achieved by at least one arbitrary combination of hardware and software. In addition, a method of realizing each of the function blocks is not particularly limited. That is, each of the function blocks can be achieved by using an apparatus that is physically or logically coupled, connecting directly or indirectly (e.g., by wired, radio, or similar means) two or more apparatuses that are physically or logically separated, and using such a plurality of apparatuses. The function block can be achieved by combining an apparatus described above or a plurality of apparatuses described above with software.

[121] The function includes determining, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, consulting, verifying, receiving, transmitting, emitting, accessing, resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, assuming, expecting, presuming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), assigning, and the like, but is not limited to these. For example, a function block (a configuration part) that functions to transmit is referred to as a transmitting unit or transmitter. As Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 110 / 150 30 / 52 described above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[122] For example, the SM 13, the O-DU 12 and similar devices in an embodiment of this disclosure may function as a computer to perform the processing of a radiocommunication method of this disclosure. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of the SMO 13 and the O-DU 12 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The SMO 13 and the O-DU 12 described above may be physically configured as a computer apparatus including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007 and similar devices.

[123] Note that in the following description, the word "appliance" may be replaced by a circuit, a device, a unit, or the like. The hardware configuration of the SMO 13 and the O-DU 12 may be configured to include one or a plurality of the apparatus illustrated in the drawings, or it may be configured to exclude some of the apparatus.

[124] Each function of the SMO 13 and the O-DU 12 is achieved by reading a predetermined software (a program) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs an operation, and by controlling the communication of the communication device 1004 or by controlling at least one data read and write on the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[125] Processor 1001, for example, controls the entire computer operating an operating system. Processor 1001 can be configured by a central processing unit (CPU), including an interface with respect to peripheral equipment, a control device, a device of Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 111 / 150 31 / 52 operation, a register and the like. For example, control unit 140, control unit 240 or similar described above can be reached by processor 1001.

[126] In addition, processor 1001 reads a program (a program code), a software module, data and the like into storage device 1002 from at least one of the auxiliary storage devices 1003 and the communication device 1004 and thus performs various processing. A program to enable a computer to perform at least part of the operation described in the embodiment described above is used as a program. The control unit 140 shown in FIG. 12 can be reached by a control program stored in storage device 1002 and operated by processor 1001. Also, for example, the control unit 240 shown in FIG. 13 can be reached by a control program stored in storage device 1002 and operated by processor 1001.It has been described that the various processes described above are executed by a 1001 processor, but the various processes can be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more 1001 processors. The 1001 processor can be mounted on one or more chips. Note that the program can be transmitted from a network via an electrical communication line.

[127] Storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and, for example, may be configured with at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), and the like. Storage device 1002 may be referred to as a register, a cache, a main memory (a main storage unit), and the like. The Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 112 / 150 The 32 / 52 storage device 1002 is capable of retaining a program (a program code), a software module, and the like that can be executed in order to implement a communication method according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[128] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and, for example, may be configured with at least one optical disc, such as a compact ROM disc (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disc (for example, a compact disc, a digital versatile disc and a Blu-ray disc (trademark)), a smart card, a flash memory (for example, a card, a stick, a pendrive), a floppy disk (trademark), a magnetic stripe and the like. The storage medium described above, for example, may be a database including at least one of the storage devices 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003, a server and a suitable medium.

[129] The 1004 communication device is a hardware (a transmit and receive device) for performing communication with respect to the computer through at least one wired network and one radio network and, for example, is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module and the like. The 1004 communication device, for example, can be configured including a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer and the like, in order to achieve at least one of frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD). For example, a transmit and receive antenna, an amplifier, a transmit and receive unit, a transmit path interface and the like can be achieved by the 1004 communication device. In the transmit and receive unit Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 113 / 150 33 / 52 receiving, the transmission unit and the receiving unit are mounted while being physically or logically separated.

[130] Input device 1005 is an input device for receiving inputs from the outside (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, and the like). Output device 1006 is an output device for implementing output with respect to the outside (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, and the like). Note that input device 1005 and output device 1006 can be fully configured (e.g., a touch panel).

[131] In addition, each of the devices, such as processor 1001 and storage device 1002, can be connected via bus 1007 to perform communication with respect to information. Bus 1007 can be configured using a single bus, or it can be configured using different buses for each of the devices.

[132] In addition, the SMO 13 and the O-DU 12 can be configured including hardware, such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the respective function blocks can be achieved by the hardware. For example, the 1001 processor can be assembled using at least one of the hardware components.

[133] The SMO 13 or the O-DU 12 may be provided in a vehicle. FIG. 15 shows an example of a vehicle configuration 2001 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, a control unit Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 114 / 150 34 / 52 electronic 2010, various sensors 2021-2029, an information service unit 2012 and a communication module 2013. The SMO 13 or the O-DU 12 in each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be applied to a vehicle-mounted communication device 2001 and may be applied, for example, to the communication module 2013.

[134] The drive unit 2002 may include, for example, a combustion engine, a motor and a hybrid of a combustion engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least one steering wheel and is configured to drive at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheel, based on the operation of the user-operated steering wheel.

[135] The electronic control unit 2010 includes a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 and a communication port (IO port) 2033. The electronic control unit 2010 receives signals from the various sensors 2021-2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may be referred to as ECU (electronic control unit).

[136] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that detects the engine current by sensing, a front or rear wheel rotation signal acquired by a revolution sensor 2022, a front or rear wheel pneumatic signal acquired by a pneumatic sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal actuation signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal actuation signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a gearshift lever operation signal acquired by a gearshift lever sensor 2027 and a detection signal, acquired by the object detection sensor 2028, to detect an obstacle, a vehicle, a pedestrian and the like. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 115 / 150 35 / 52

[137] The 2012 information service unit includes various devices to provide various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information and entertainment information, including an automotive navigation system, an audio system, a loudspeaker, a television and a radio, and one or more ECUs controlling these devices. The 2012 information service unit provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the 2001 vehicle using information obtained from the external device through the 2013 communication module or similar.The 2012 information service unit may include an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, or the like) that receives an input from the outside and may include an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, or the like) that outputs to the outside.

[138] A 2030 driver support system unit includes: various devices to provide accident prevention and driver operational load reduction functions, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyroscope system (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation Systems), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, an AI processor; and one or more ECUs controlling these devices. In addition, the 2030 driver support system unit transmits and receives various types of information via the 2013 communication module to perform a driver support function or an autonomous driving function.

[139] The 2013 communication module can communicate with the Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 116 / 150 36 / 52 microprocessor 2031 and vehicle components 2001 via a communication port. For example, communication module 2013 transmits and receives data, via communication port 2033, to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, gearshift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010 and sensors 2021-2029 present in vehicle 2001.

[140] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and is capable of communicating with external devices. For example, various types of information are transmitted and received from external devices via radio communication. The communication module 2013 can be internal or external to the electronic control unit 2010. External devices may include, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or similar.

[141] The communication module 2013 can transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2028 described above, inserted into the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals and information based on external (user) input obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via radio communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2028, the information service unit 2012 and the like can be referred to as an input unit that receives an input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 can include information based on the input.

[142] The 2013 communication module receives various types of information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 117 / 150 37 / 52 transmitted from external devices and displays the received information on the information service unit 2012 provided in vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be referred to as an output unit that emits information (e.g., emits information to a device such as a display or a loudspeaker based on the PDSCH (or decoded PDSCH data / information) received by the communication module 2013). In addition, communication module 2013 stores the various types of information received from external devices in memory 2032, which is available to microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in memory 2032, microprocessor 2031 can control the drive unit 2002, the driving unit 2003, the accelerator pedal 2004, the brake pedal 2005, the gearshift lever 2006, the front wheels 2007, the rear wheels 2008, the axle 2009, the sensors 2021-2029, etc., mounted on vehicle 2001. (Supplement to the Modality)

[143] As described above, the embodiment of the invention has been described, but the disclosed invention is not limited to the embodiment, and a person skilled in the art will understand various examples of modification, examples of correction, alternative examples, examples of substitution, and the like. Specific numerical examples have been described in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, but the numerical values ​​are merely an example, and any appropriate values ​​may be used unless otherwise specified. The classification of items in the description above is not essential to the invention, and the listings described in two or more items may be used in combination as necessary, or the listing described in one item may be applied to the listing described in another item (provided there is no contradiction). A boundary between functional parts or processing parts in the function block diagram does not necessarily correspond to a boundary between physical components. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 118 / 150 38 / 52 operations of a plurality of functional parts can be physically performed by one component, or the operation of a functional part can be physically performed by a plurality of components. In a processing procedure described in the embodiment, a processing order can be altered, provided there is no contradiction. For convenience in describing the processing, SMO 13 and O-DU 12 were described using a functional block diagram, but such an apparatus can be achieved by hardware, software, or a combination thereof.Each software operated by an SMO 13 processor according to the embodiment of the invention and software operated by an O-DU 12 processor according to the embodiment of the invention may be stored in a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an EPROM, an EEPROM, a register, a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable disk, a CD-ROM, a database, a server, and other suitable recording media.

[144] In addition, the notification of information is not limited to the aspect / modality described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) and uplink control information (UCI)), upper layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (a master information block (MIB), a system information block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. In addition, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message and, for example, may be an RRC connection preparation message, an RRC connection reconfiguration message, and so on. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 119 / 150 39 / 52

[145] Each aspect / modality described in this disclosure may be applied to a system using Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTEA), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, a 4th-generation (4G) mobile communication system, a 5th-generation (5G) mobile communication system, a 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication system, an xth-generation (xG) mobile communication system (x is an integer or decimal number, for example), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New Radio Access (NX), Future Generation Radio Access (FX), W-CDMA (trademark), GSM (trademark), CDMA2000, an Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (trademark)), IEEE 802.20, an Ultra Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (trademark) and other suitable systems and a next-generation system that is expanded, modified, created or defined based on the same.In addition, a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of 5G and at least one LTE and LTE-A system, and similar systems) may be applied.

[146] In the processing procedure, in the sequence, in the flowchart and the like of each aspect / modality described in the present invention, the order may be altered, provided there is no contradiction. For example, in the method described in this disclosure, the elements of various steps are presented using an exemplary order, but are not limited to the specific order presented.

[147] Here, a specific operation that is performed by base station 10 or by SMO 13 can be performed by a higher node, as the case may be. In a network provided with one or a plurality of network nodes, including base station 10, it is obvious that several operations that are performed for communication with respect to terminal 20 can be performed by at least one of the nodes of base station 10 and the network. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 120 / 150 40 / 52 different from base station 10 (for example, MME, S-GW or similar is considered as the network node, but the network node is not limited to this). In the description above, a case is exemplified where the number of network nodes different from base station 10 is 1, but a plurality of other network nodes can be combined (for example, the MME and the S-GW).

[148] The information, signal or similar described in this disclosure may be transmitted to a lower layer (or the upper layer) from the upper layer (or the lower layer). The information, signal or similar may be inserted and transmitted through a plurality of network nodes.

[149] The information or similar that is entered and issued may be retained in a specific location (e.g., a memory) or may be managed using a management table. The information or similar that is entered and issued may be subject to replacement, updating, or editing. The issued information or similar may be deleted. The entered information or similar may be transmitted to other devices.

[150] The judgment in this disclosure can be performed by a value represented by 1 bit (0 or 1), it can be performed by a truth value (boolean: true or false) or it can be performed by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[151] Regardless of whether software is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, and hardware description language, or by other names, software should be broadly interpreted to mean a command, a set of commands, code, a code segment, program code, a program, a subprogram, a software module, an application, a software application, a software package, a routine, a subroutine, an object, an executable file, a Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 121 / 150 41 / 52 execution chain, a procedure, a function and the like.

[152] In addition, software, a command, information and the like can be transmitted and received through a transmission medium. For example, in a case where software is transmitted from a website, a server or other remote sources using at least one of a wire technology (a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, a twisted pair, a digital subscriber line (DSL) and the like) and a radio technology (an infrared beam, a microwave and the like), and at least one of the wire technologies and the radio technology is included in the definition of the transmission medium.

[153] The information, signal and the like described in this disclosure may be represented using any of several different technologies. For example, the data, command, information, signal, bit, symbol, chip and the like that may be referred to by the above description may be represented by a voltage, a current, an electromagnetic wave, a magnetic field or magnetic particles, an optical field or a photon, or an arbitrary combination thereof.

[154] Note that the terms described in this disclosure and the terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced by terms having the same or similar meaning. For example, at least one of the channel and the symbol may be a signal (signaling). In addition, the signal may be a message. In addition, a component carrier (CC) may be referred to as a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, and the like.

[155] The terms system and network used in this disclosure are used interchangeably.

[156] In addition, the information, parameters and the like described in this disclosure may be represented using an absolute value, they may be Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 122 / 150 42 / 52 represented using a relative value of a predetermined value or can be represented using other corresponding pieces of information. For example, a radio feature can be indicated by an index.

[157] The names used in the parameters described above are not limited names in any respect. Additionally, expressions or the like using such parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH and the like) and information elements may be identified by any suitable name and, therefore, various names that are allocated to such various channels and information elements are not a limited name in any respect.

[158] In this disclosure, the terms “base station (BS)”, “radio base station”, “base station”, “fixed station”, “NodeB”, “eNodeB (eNB)”, “gNodeB (gNB)”, “access point”, “transmission point”, “reception point”, “transmission and reception point”, “cell”, “sector”, “cell group”, “carrier”, “component carrier” and the like may be used interchangeably. The base station may be referred to by a term such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell and a picocell.

[159] The base station is capable of accommodating one or a plurality of (e.g., three) cells. In a case where the base station accommodates a plurality of cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be classified into a plurality of small areas, and each of the small areas is capable of providing communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (a remote radio head (RRH)). The term "cell" or "sector" indicates a portion of the coverage area or the entire coverage area of ​​at least one base station and the base station subsystem that performs communication service within the coverage. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 123 / 150 43 / 52

[160] In the present disclosure, the transmission of information from the base station to the terminal can be read as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control and operation based on the information.

[161] In this disclosure, the terms "mobile station (MS)", "user terminal", "user equipment (UE)" and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[162] A mobile station may be referred to as a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client and other terms suitable by a person skilled in the art.

[163] At least one of the base stations, SMO 13 and O-DU 12, may be referred to as transmitting devices, receiving devices, communication devices, or the like. At least one of the base station and mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, on the moving object itself, or the like. The moving object is a moving object, and the speed of movement is arbitrary. The moving object may be stationary. Examples of moving objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, tractors, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, rear cars, rickshaws, ships and other vessels, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on them.The moving object can be a vehicle (for example, a car, an airplane, and the like), or it can be a moving object that is moved in an unmanned state (for example, a drone, a car). Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 124 / 150 44 / 52 autonomous and similar) or it may be a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station also includes a device that is not necessarily moved at the time of a communication operation. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device, such as a sensor.

[164] In addition, the base station in this disclosure can be replaced by the terminal. For example, each aspect / mode of this disclosure can be applied to a configuration in which communication between the base station and the user terminal is replaced by communication in a plurality of terminals 20 (for example, they can be referred to as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-all (V2X), and so on). In this case, the base station function 10 described above can be provided on terminal 20. In addition, the words "uplink," "downlink," and so on can be replaced by words corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, an uplink channel, a downlink channel, and so on can be replaced by a side channel.

[165] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can be replaced by the base station. In this case, the user terminal function described above can be provided on the base station.

[166] The terms "determination" used in this disclosure can encompass various operations. "Determining," for example, can include considering, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, consulting (searching, inquiring) (e.g., looking up a table, a database, or other data structure), and verifying as "determining." In addition, "determining" can include considering receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., transmitting information), inserting, emitting, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory) as "determining." In Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 125 / 150 45 / 52 In addition, determining can include considering, solving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, and similar actions like determining. That is, determining can include considering an operation like determining. In addition, determining can be replaced by assuming, expecting, considering, and similar actions.

[167] The terms connected and coupled, or any modification thereof, indicate any direct or indirect connection or pairing between two or more elements, and are capable of including a case where there is one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are connected or coupled to each other. The coupling or connection between the elements may be physical or logical, or may be a combination thereof. For example, connection may be replaced by access. In the case used in this disclosure, it is possible to consider that two elements are connected or coupled to each other using at least one of one or more electrical wires, cables and printed electrical connection and, as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, using electromagnetic energy having a wavelength of a radio frequency domain, a microwave domain and an optical (visible and invisible) domain and the like.

[168] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS and may be referred to as pilot based on a standard to be applied.

[169] The description based on used in this disclosure does not mean based only on unless otherwise specified. In other words, the description based on means both based only on and based on at least.

[170] Any reference to elements using the designations first, second, and the like, used in this disclosure, generally does not limit the quantity or order of such elements. Such designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing two or more Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 126 / 150 46 / 52 elements. Therefore, a reference to a first element and a second element does not indicate that only two elements can be adopted or that the first element necessarily precedes the second element in any way.

[171] Means in the configuration of each of the devices described above may be replaced by unit, circuit, device and the like.

[172] In this disclosure, where include, including and modification thereof are used, such terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term comprising. Additionally, the term or used in this disclosure is not intended to be exclusive-OR.

[173] A radio frame can be configured by one or a plurality of frames in a time domain. Each one or a plurality of frames in the time domain can be referred to as a subframe. The subframe can be further configured by one or a plurality of slots in the time domain. The subframe can have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that does not depend on numerology.

[174] Numerology can be a communication parameter to be applied to at least one of the transmissions and receptions of a certain signal or channel. Numerology, for example, can indicate at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by the transceiver in a frequency domain, specific window processing performed by the transceiver in a time domain, and the like.

[175] The slot can be configured with one or a plurality of symbols (an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol), a Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 127 / 150 47 / 52 symbol for single carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA) and similar time domains. The slot can be a unit of time based on numerology.

[176] The slot may include a plurality of minislots. Each of the minislots may be configured with one or a plurality of symbols in the time domain. In addition, the minislot may be referred to as a subslot. The minislot may be configured with symbols whose number is less than that of the slot. The PDSCH (or PUSCH) to be transmitted in time units larger than the minislot may be referred to as a type A PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping. The PDSCH (or PUSCH) to be transmitted using a minislot may be referred to as a type B PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping.

[177] The entire radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot and symbol represent time units at the moment of transmission of a signal. Other names corresponding respectively to radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot and symbol may be used.

[178] For example, a subframe can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI), a plurality of consecutive subframes can be referred to as TTI, or a slot or minislot can be referred to as TTI. That is, at least one of the subframes and TTI can be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, can have a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1 to 13 symbols), or can be a period longer than 1 ms. Note that a unit representing TTI can be referred to as a slot, minislot, and the like, but not a subframe. Also, a slot can be referred to as a time unit. The time unit can be different for each cell according to numerology.

[179] Here, TTI, for example, indicates a minimum time unit for scaling in radiocommunication. For example, in an LTE system, the Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 128 / 150 48 / 52 base station performs the scheduling to allocate a radio resource (a frequency bandwidth, transmission power, and the like that can be used on each of the 20 terminals) in TTI units, with respect to each of the 20 terminals. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to it.

[180] The TTI can be a time unit of transmission of a data packet (a transport block), a code block, a codeword and the like that are subject to channel coding, or it can be a processing unit of scheduling, link adaptation and the like. Note that when the TTI is applied, a time section (e.g., the number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, codeword and the like are actually mapped may be smaller than the TTI.

[181] Note that, in a case where a slot or a minislot is referred to as TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit of the scheduling. Furthermore, the number of slots (the number of minislots) configuring the minimum time unit of the scheduling may be controlled.

[182] TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be referred to as normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), a normal TTI, a long TTI, a normal subframe, a normal subframe, a long subframe, a slot and the like. TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be referred to as a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial TTI (or a fractional TTI), a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a minislot, a subslot, a slot and the like.

[183] ​​Note that the long TTI (e.g., the normal TTI, the subframe, and the like) can be replaced by a TTI having a time length greater than or equal to 1 ms, and the short TTI (e.g., the shortened TTI and the like) can be replaced by a TTI having a TTI length less than the TTI length. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 129 / 150 49 / 52 of TTI of long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[184] The resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in the time domain and in the frequency domain, and may include one or a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in RB may be the same, regardless of numerology, or, for example, it may be 12. The number of subcarriers included in RB may be determined based on numerology.

[185] In addition, the RB time domain may include one or a plurality of symbols or may have the length of a slot, a minislot, a subframe or a TTI. A TTI, a subframe and the like may be configured respectively from one or a plurality of feature blocks.

[186] Note that one or a plurality of RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (physical RB: PRB), a subcarrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, and the like.

[187] In addition, the resource block can be configured by one or a plurality of resource elements (RE). For example, an RE can be a radio resource domain of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[188] A bandwidth portion (BWP) (may be referred to as bandwidth portion or similar) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (common RBs) for a given numerology, on a given carrier. Here, the common RB may be specified by an RB index based on a common carrier reference point. The PRB may be defined by a given BWP and may be numbered within the BWP.

[189] A BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). In UE, one or a plurality of BWPs may be configured within a carrier.

[190] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active and is not Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 130 / 150 50 / 52 It is necessary to assume that the UE transmits and receives a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. Note that "cell", "carrier" and the like in this disclosure may be replaced by "BWP".

[191] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, symbol and similar structures described above are merely examples. For instance, the configuration of the number of subframes included in the radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in the slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in the slot or in a minislot, the number of subcarriers included in the RB, the number of symbols in the TTI, a symbol length, a cyclic prefix (CP) length and similar structures can be changed in various ways.

[192] In this disclosure, for example, in a case where articles such as "a", "an" and "the" are added by translation, this disclosure may include a case where the nouns following the articles are plural.

[193] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" can indicate "A and B are different from each other." Note that the term can mean "A and B are respectively different from C." The terms "separate," "coupled," and similar terms can be interpreted as "being different."

[194] Each aspect / modality described in this disclosure may be used independently, may be used in combination, or may be used in switching depending on the execution. In addition, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification of "being X") is not limited to being performed explicitly, and may be performed implicitly (e.g., notification of predetermined information is not performed).

[195] As described above, this disclosure has been described in detail, but it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that this disclosure is not limited to the modality described in this disclosure. This disclosure may be implemented Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 131 / 150 51 / 52 as corrected and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as defined by the description of the claims. Therefore, the description in this disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and has no limiting significance with respect to this disclosure. Description of base station symbols O-RU O-DU SMO terminal signal generator spectrum analyzer 110 transmission unit 120 reception unit 130 configuration unit 140 control unit 210 transmission unit 220 reception unit 230 configuration unit 240 control unit 1001 processor 1002 storage device 1003 auxiliary storage device 1004 communication device 1005 input device 1006 output device 2001 vehicle Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 132 / 150 52 / 52 drive unit steering unit accelerator pedal brake pedal gearshift lever front wheels rear wheels axle electronic control unit information service unit communication module current sensor revolution sensor pneumatic sensor vehicle speed sensor acceleration sensor brake pedal sensor gearshift lever sensor object detection sensor accelerator pedal sensor driving support system unit microprocessor memory (ROM, RAM) communication port (IO port) Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 133 / 150

Claims

1 / 2 CLAIMS 1. Communication apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: a receiving unit configured to receive, from a management apparatus, a notification indicating the content of the test; and a control unit configured to, based on the notification, transition to a test mode and control a test related to communication via a radio apparatus.

2. Communication device, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in an uplink test, the control unit counts a parameter corresponding to the test content based on a test signal received from the radio device and generates, as test result information: information representing a count result; information indicating whether a requirement has been met, the information being determined based on the count result; or information to determine the requirement.

3. Communication apparatus, according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a transmission unit configured to report to the management apparatus the test result information generated by the control unit.

4. Communication apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a transmission unit configured to, in a downlink test, transmit to the radio apparatus a test signal generated by the control unit based on the test content.

5. Management device, characterized in that Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, page 134 / 150 2 / 2 comprises: a transmission unit configured to transmit, to a communication device, a notification indicating the content of the test; and a reception unit configured to receive test result information from the communication device that transitioned to a test mode based on the notification and that performs a test related to communication via a radio device.

6. Test method executed by a communication device, the test method characterized by the fact that it comprises: receiving, from a management device, a notification indicating the content of the test; and transitioning to a test mode based on the notification and control of a test related to communication via a radio device. Petition 870250084567, dated 09 / 19 / 2025, pp. 135 / 150

Images