A plunger and oil and gas well structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of natural gas and oil production, and discloses a plunger and an oil and gas well structure. The plunger provided by the embodiment of the present invention operates in an oil and gas well. The inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline of the oil and gas well is smaller than the inner diameter of the well. After the plunger moves upward into the wellhead pipeline, the sealing piece moves radially inward under the pressure of the inner wall of the wellhead pipeline, so that a limiting gap is formed between the limiting part and the inner circumference of the core tube. At this time, the locking member moves from the unlocking position to the locking position under the drive of the actuator, and the locking member is embedded in the limiting gap to prevent the sealing piece from moving radially outward, so that the diameter of the plunger is smaller than the inner diameter of the well. In this way, the downward resistance of the plunger is greatly reduced, and the plunger can quickly descend to the bottom of the well. The plunger can even descend to the bottom of the well in the open well state. When the plunger descends to the bottom of the well, the locking member moves from the locking position to the unlocking position under the drive of the actuator, so that the plunger can ascend.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of natural gas and oil exploitation, and in particular to a plunger and an oil and gas well structure. Background Art

[0002] During the development of a natural gas well or an oil well, in order to increase the production of natural gas or oil, the accumulated liquid at the bottom of the well needs to be lifted to the surface.

[0003] The plunger lifting technology has been widely used in the development of natural gas wells or oil wells. The existing plunger includes multiple sealing plates, which are always in contact and friction with the inner wall of the well under the action of elastic parts to form a seal. In the well closing state, the plunger moves down to the bottom of the well. When the well is opened, the pressure generated by the fluid under the plunger drives the plunger upward, and the liquid above the plunger is lifted by the plunger. When the plunger moves up to the wellhead, the accumulated liquid above the plunger is discharged.

[0004] The existing plunger has the following problems:

[0005] Because the sealing piece is always in contact with the inner wall of the well to form a seal under the action of the elastic member, the plunger encounters great resistance when descending. This makes it take a long time for the plunger to reach the bottom of the well, and it may even make the plunger unable to descend to the bottom of the well. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a plunger which can descend in a state where a sealing piece is radially contracted inwardly, thereby reducing the descending resistance and shortening the time for descending to the bottom of the well.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an oil and gas well structure, which includes the above-mentioned plunger.

[0008] The embodiments of the present invention are implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0009] A plunger comprises: a core tube; a plurality of sealing plates, which are arranged around the core tube and are configured to reciprocate in a radial direction; an elastic member, which acts on the sealing plates and is configured to make the sealing plates have a tendency to move outward in a radial direction; a guide column, which penetrates the tube wall of the core tube in a radial direction, and one end of the guide column located outside the core tube is connected to the sealing plates, and one end of the guide column located inside the core tube is provided with a limiting portion; and a locking member, which is arranged in the core tube; an actuating portion, which is connected to the locking member and is configured to drive the locking member to move between a locking position and an unlocking position in an axial direction; wherein a limiting gap is formed between the limiting portion and the inner circumferential surface of the core tube during the radial inward movement of the sealing plates; the locking member is configured to be embedded in the limiting gap when moving to the locking position to prevent the sealing plates from moving outward in a radial direction, and the locking member is configured to be disengaged from the limiting gap when moving to the unlocking position.

[0010] Furthermore, the locking member includes an embedding portion and a connecting portion which are connected to each other; the connecting portion is connected to the actuating portion; and the embedding portion is configured to be embedded in the limiting gap when in the locking position and to be disengaged from the limiting gap when in the unlocking position.

[0011] Furthermore, the connecting portion is a disc-shaped component, and the edge of the connecting portion protrudes along the axial direction to form an annular embedded portion.

[0012] Furthermore, the actuating portion is arranged in the core tube, and the actuating portion is constructed to move in the axial direction; the actuating portion includes a first end and a second end relative to each other; along the direction from the first end to the second end, the locking member moves from the unlocking position to the locking position; along the direction from the second end to the first end, the locking member moves from the locking position to the unlocking position; when the locking member is in the unlocking position, the actuating portion is constructed so that at least the first end is located outside the core tube to receive a driving force along the direction from the first end to the second end; when the locking member is in the locking position, the actuating portion is constructed so that at least the second end is located outside the core tube to receive a driving force along the direction from the first end to the second end.

[0013] Furthermore, the plunger also includes a first combining portion arranged on the actuating portion and a second combining portion arranged on the core tube; the first combining portion and the second combining portion are constructed to be detachably combined; when the locking member is in the unlocking position, the first combining portion is combined with the second combining portion to maintain the locking member in the unlocking position; when the locking member is in the locking position, the first combining portion is separated from the second combining portion.

[0014] Furthermore, the plunger also includes a third combining portion arranged on the actuating portion, and when the locking member is in the locking position, the third combining portion combines with the second combining portion to maintain the locking member in the locking position; or the plunger also includes a third combining portion arranged on the core tube, and when the locking member is in the locking position, the third combining portion combines with the first combining portion to maintain the locking member in the locking position.

[0015] Furthermore, the actuating portion includes a first part and a second part that are independent of each other; the first part and the second part are arranged at intervals in the axial direction; the end of the first part away from the second part is the first end; the end of the second part away from the first part is the second end; the first part is connected to the locking member; the plunger also includes a trigger holding mechanism arranged between the first part and the second part, the trigger holding mechanism including: a working part, the working part is connected to the first part, the working part is arranged in the core tube and is constructed to move along the core tube between a first holding position and a second holding position; when the working part is in the first holding position, the locking member is in the locking position; when the working part is in the second holding position, the locking member is in the unlocking position; a first elastic energy storage member, the first elastic energy storage member acts on the working part and is constructed to make the working part have a tendency to move to the second holding position; a positioning part, the positioning part is arranged in the core tube; a locking part, the locking part is movably arranged on the working part, and the locking part is constructed to be in a locking position combined with the positioning part and separated from the positioning part The trigger holding mechanism is configured to move between the unlocking position and the unlocking position; a second elastic energy storage member, which acts on the locking portion and is configured to make the locking portion have a tendency to move to the locking position; a matching portion arranged on the locking portion or linked with the locking portion; and a trigger portion, which is connected to the second portion, and the trigger portion is configured to move along the core tube between a trigger position matched with the matching portion and a standby position separated from the matching portion; wherein the trigger holding mechanism is configured to move the locking portion to the locking position and combine with the positioning portion to maintain the working portion in the first holding position during the movement of the working portion from the second holding position to the first holding position driven by the force in the first preset direction; the trigger holding mechanism is configured to cooperate with the matching portion and drive the locking portion to move from the locking position to the unlocking position during the movement of the working portion from the second holding position to the first holding position driven by the force in the second preset direction; the first preset direction is the direction from the first end to the second end; the second preset direction is the direction from the second end to the first end.

[0016] Furthermore, the trigger holding mechanism further includes a third elastic energy storage member, which acts on the trigger portion and is configured to enable the trigger portion to have a tendency to move toward the standby position.

[0017] An oil and gas well structure, comprising: a wellhead pipeline; a wellway connected to the wellhead pipeline; and any one of the above-mentioned plungers; wherein the inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline is smaller than the inner diameter of the wellway; the plunger is constructed so that after ascending into the wellhead pipeline, the sealing plate moves radially inward to form a limiting gap, and the actuator drives the locking member to move to a locking position; the plunger is constructed so that after descending to a preset position in the wellway, the actuator drives the locking member to move to an unlocking position.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0019] The plunger provided in the embodiment of the present invention operates in an oil and gas well. The inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline of the oil and gas well is smaller than the inner diameter of the well. After the plunger moves upward into the wellhead pipeline, the sealing piece moves radially inward under the pressure of the inner wall of the wellhead pipeline, so that a limiting gap is formed between the limiting portion and the inner circumference of the core tube. At this time, the locking member moves from the unlocking position to the locking position under the drive of the actuator, and the locking member is embedded in the limiting gap to prevent the sealing piece from moving radially outward, so that the diameter of the plunger is smaller than the inner diameter of the well. When the plunger moves downward into the well, since the diameter of the plunger is smaller than the inner diameter of the well, the downward resistance of the plunger is greatly reduced, and the plunger can quickly move downward to the bottom of the well. The plunger can even move downward to the bottom of the well in the open well state. When the plunger moves downward to the bottom of the well, the locking member moves from the locking position to the unlocking position under the drive of the actuator, and the sealing piece moves radially outward under the drive of the elastic member to contact and rub with the well to form a seal.

[0020] The oil and gas well structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the above plunger, and the inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline is smaller than the inner diameter of the well, so that the plunger can quickly descend to the bottom of the well, and even descend to the bottom of the well when the well is open, which greatly improves the production time of the oil and gas well. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the plunger provided in Example 1 of the present invention when the locking member is in the unlocked position;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the plunger provided in Example 1 of the present invention when the locking member is in the locking position;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a core tube in a plunger provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A state diagram of the plunger provided in Example 2 of the present invention when the locking member is in the locking position;

[0026] Figure 5 A state diagram of the plunger provided in Example 2 of the present invention when the locking member is in the unlocked position;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a trigger holding mechanism in a plunger provided in Example 2 of the present invention, wherein the working portion is located at a first holding position;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a trigger holding mechanism in a plunger is provided for Example 2 of the present invention, wherein the working portion is located at a first holding position and the trigger portion is located at a trigger position;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a trigger holding mechanism in a plunger is provided for Example 2 of the present invention, wherein the working portion is located at a second holding position;

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of the oil and gas well structure provided in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 01-oil and gas well structure; 11-wellhead pipeline; 12-wellway; 13-upper impact part; 14-lower impact part; 010-trigger holding mechanism; 030-plunger; 120-working part; 121-large diameter hole; 122-small diameter hole; 123-trigger hole; 124-mounting hole; 130-first elastic energy storage member; 140-positioning part; 150-locking part; 151-large diameter section; 152-small diameter section; 153-accommodating hole; 160-second elastic energy storage member; 170-matching part; 180-trigger part; 201-blocking ring; 210-third elastic energy storage member; 310-core tube; 311-first end head; 311a-first through hole hole; 312-second end; 312a-second through hole; 312b-working channel; 313-tube body; 313a-third through hole; 314-accommodating hole; 315-embedded portion; 316-spring; 320-sealing plate; 330-elastic member; 340-guide column; 341-connecting section; 342-passing section; 343-large diameter section; 344-limiting portion; 344a-limiting gap; 350-locking member; 351-embedded portion; 352-connecting portion; 360-actuating portion; 360a-first end; 360b-second end; 361-first joint portion; 362-third joint portion; 363-first part; 364-second part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents some embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0035] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used, or are the orientations or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Such terms are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, a "natural gas well" may be a natural gas well used to collect conventional natural gas, or a natural gas well used to collect unconventional natural gas (shale gas, coalbed methane, etc.).

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the plunger 030 provided in this embodiment when the locking member 350 is in the unlocking position; Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the plunger 030 provided in this embodiment when the locking member 350 is in the locking position. The plunger 030 includes a core tube 310, a plurality of sealing pieces 320, an elastic member 330, a guide column 340, a locking member 350 and an actuating portion 360.

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the core tube 310 in the plunger 030 provided in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the core tube 310 is a tubular component extending along the AB direction. The core tube 310 includes a first end 311, a second end 312 and a tube body 313. The two ends of the core tube 310 are respectively inserted into the first end 311 and the second end 312, and are threadedly connected with the first end 311 and the second end 312. A first through hole 311a extending along the AB direction is provided on the first end 311, and the first through hole 311a is coaxial with the tube body 313. A second through hole 312a extending along the AB direction is provided on the second end 312, and the second through hole 312a is coaxial with the tube body 313. A plurality of third through holes 313a extending in the radial direction are provided on the tube body 313.

[0041] A plurality of sealing pieces 320 are disposed between the first end 311 and the second end 312 and are arranged around the tube body 313. The sealing pieces 320 can reciprocate in the radial direction. The elastic member 330 acts on the sealing pieces 320, so that the sealing pieces 320 have a tendency to move radially outward. In this way, one, some or all of the sealing pieces 320 can contact the inner surface of the well. The contact of the sealing pieces 320 with the inner surface of the well can limit the flow of fluid between the plunger 030 and the well.

[0042] The guide post 340 includes a connecting section 341, a passing section 342 and a large diameter section 343 which are connected in sequence. The passing section 342 can slide through the third through hole 313a. The connecting section 341 is located outside the tube body 313 and is fixedly connected to the sealing piece 320. The large diameter section 343 is located inside the tube body 313. The large diameter section 343 is constructed to be unable to enter the third through hole 313a. When the large diameter section 343 moves radially outward until it abuts against the inner surface of the tube body 313, the sealing piece 320 moves radially outward to the limit. When the sealing piece 320 moves radially inward until it abuts against the outer surface of the tube body 313, the sealing piece 320 moves radially inward to the limit. The elastic member 330 is a spring and is sleeved on the guide post 340. One end of the elastic member 330 abuts against the sealing piece 320, and the other end of the elastic member 330 abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the tube body 313. The elastic member 330 is always in a compressed state so that the sealing piece 320 has a tendency to move radially outward. A limiting portion 344 is also provided on the large diameter section 343. In this embodiment, the limiting portion 344 is an annular component formed by radially outward expansion of the end edge of the large diameter section 343. When the sealing piece 320 moves inward underground, the limiting portion 344 moves radially inward synchronously. A limiting gap 344a is formed between the limiting portion 344 and the inner peripheral surface of the tube body 313. The greater the distance that the sealing piece 320 moves radially inward, the greater the width of the limiting gap 344a.

[0043] The locking member 350 is disposed in the tube body 313 and can move between a locking position and an unlocking position along the AB direction. When a limiting gap 344a is formed between the limiting portion 344 and the tube body 313, the locking member 350 can enter the limiting gap 344a along the A direction to reach the locking position to prevent the sealing piece 320 from moving radially outward, so that the outer diameter of the plunger 030 is maintained at a small state. When the locking member 350 moves from the locking position to the unlocking position along the B direction, the locking member 350 disengages from the limiting gap 344a, and the sealing piece 320 can reciprocate in the radial direction.

[0044] The locking member 350 is driven by the actuating portion 360 to move between the locking position and the unlocking position. In the present embodiment, the locking member 350 includes an embedding portion 351 and a connecting portion 352 which are connected to each other. The connecting portion 352 is connected to the actuating portion 360. When the locking member 350 is located in the locking position, the embedding portion 351 enters the limiting gap 344a. When the locking member 350 is located in the unlocking position, the embedding portion 351 is disengaged from the limiting gap 344a. Further, the connecting portion 352 is a disc-shaped component. The diameter of the connecting portion 352 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube body 313, so that the connecting portion 352 can move in the tube body 313 along the AB direction. The circumferential edge of the connecting portion 352 extends and protrudes along the A direction to form an annular embedding portion 351.

[0045] The plunger 030 provided in this embodiment operates in an oil and gas well. The inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline of the oil and gas well is smaller than the inner diameter of the well. When the plunger 030 moves upward into the wellhead pipeline, the sealing piece 320 moves radially inward under the pressure of the inner wall of the wellhead pipeline, so that a limiting gap 344a is formed between the limiting portion 344 and the inner circumference of the pipe body 313. After the limiting gap 344a is formed between all the limiting portions 344 and the inner circumference of the pipe body 313, the actuating portion 360 drives the locking member 350 to move along the A direction, and the embedded portion 351 enters the limiting gap 344a to prevent the sealing piece 320 from moving radially outward. At this time, the outer diameter of the plunger 030 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline. After the plunger 030 moves downward into the well, since the outer diameter of the plunger 030 is smaller than the inner diameter of the well, the downward resistance of the plunger 030 is greatly reduced, and the plunger 030 can quickly descend to the bottom of the well. The plunger 030 can even go down to the bottom of the well in the well opening state. After the plunger 030 goes down to the bottom of the well, the actuating part 360 drives the locking member 350 to move in the B direction, and the embedded part 351 is separated from the limiting gap 344a. The sealing piece 320 contacts the inner surface of the well under the action of the elastic member 330, restricting the fluid flow between the plunger 030 and the well, so that the plunger 030 can go up under the push of the fluid in the well.

[0046] The actuator 360 is a component that drives the locking member 350 to move between the locking position and the unlocking position, and can be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, the actuator 360 can be a linear motor arranged in the tube body 313, and the linear motor is driven by a power source built in the tube body 313 to drive the locking member 350 to move between the locking position and the unlocking position. The position of the plunger 030 in the oil and gas well is detected by a sensor. When the sensor detects that the plunger 030 enters the wellhead pipeline, the linear motor drives the locking member 350 to move along the A direction to the locking position. When the sensor detects that the plunger 030 reaches the bottom of the well, the linear motor drives the locking member 350 to move along the B direction to the unlocking position. In this embodiment, the actuator 360 is a rod-shaped component extending along the AB direction, and the actuator 360 includes a first end 360a and a second end 360b opposite to each other. The A direction is the direction from the first end 360a to the second end 360b, and the B direction is the direction from the second end 360b to the first end 360a. The first end 360a is slidably matched with the first through hole 311a, and the second end 360b is slidably matched with the second through hole 312a. The actuating portion 360 passes through the connecting portion 352 and is fixedly connected to the connecting portion 352. The actuating portion 360 moves synchronously with the locking member 350. When the locking member 350 is located at the unlocking position, the first end 360a of the actuating portion 360 is located outside the core tube 310 to receive the driving force along the direction A. When the locking member 350 is located at the locking position, the second end 360b of the actuating portion 360 is located outside the core tube 310 to receive the driving force along the direction B.

[0047] In this embodiment, the actuating part 360 drives the locking member 350 to move by impact. When the plunger 030 moves upward into the wellhead pipeline, the lower sealing piece 320 moves radially inward under the pressure of the inner wall of the wellhead pipeline, so that a limiting gap 344a is formed between the limiting part 344 and the inner circumference of the pipe body 313, and then the first end 360a of the actuating part 360 collides with the upper impact part set in the wellhead pipeline, and the actuating part 360 moves in the direction A relative to the core tube 310, driving the locking member 350 to move to the locked position. When the plunger 030 moves downward to the bottom of the well, the second end 360b of the actuating part 360 collides with the lower impact part set at the bottom of the well, and the actuating part 360 moves in the direction B relative to the core tube 310, driving the locking member 350 to move to the unlocked position.

[0048] When the actuating portion 360 drives the locking member 350 to move to the locking position, the locking member 350 is easily kept in the locking position under the action of gravity. When the actuating portion 360 drives the locking member 350 to move to the unlocking position, the locking member 350 may move downward under the action of gravity, affecting the movement of the sealing plate 320 in the radial direction. To this end, in this embodiment, a first combination portion 361 is provided on the actuating portion 360, and a second combination portion is provided on the core tube 310. The first combination portion 361 and the second combination portion are detachably combined. When the locking member 350 is in the unlocking position, the first combination portion 361 is combined with the second combination portion to maintain the locking member 350 in the unlocking position. When the locking member 350 is in the locking position, the first combination portion 361 is separated from the second combination portion. Specifically, the first combination portion 361 is an annular groove provided on the circumference of the first end 360a of the actuating portion 360, and the annular groove is arranged around the axis of the actuating portion 360. The second coupling part includes a receiving hole 314 opened in the inner peripheral wall of the first through hole 311a in the radial direction, an embedding part 315 slidably disposed in the receiving hole 314, and a spring 316 disposed in the receiving hole 314 and applying a radially inward elastic force to the embedding part 315. When the locking member 350 is located in the unlocked position, the embedding part 315 is embedded in the first coupling part 361, thereby maintaining the locking member 350 in the unlocked position. When the first end 360a of the actuating part 360 collides with the upper impact part in the wellhead pipeline, the embedding part 315 is separated from the first coupling part 361.

[0049] In this embodiment, a third combination portion 362 is also provided on the actuating portion 360, and the third combination portion 362 is the same as the first combination portion 361. Along the A direction, the third combination portion 362 and the first combination portion 361 are arranged in sequence. When the locking member 350 is located at the locking position, the embedding portion 315 is embedded in the third combination portion 362 to maintain the locking member 350 in the locking position. When the second end 360b of the actuating portion 360 collides with the lower impact portion at the bottom of the well, the embedding portion 315 is separated from the third combination portion 362. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the third combination portion 362 can be provided on the core tube 310, and the third combination portion 362 is the same as the second combination portion. Along the A direction, the second combination portion and the third combination portion 362 are arranged in sequence. When the locking member 350 is located at the locking position, the third combination portion 362 is combined with the first combination portion 361.

[0050] Embodiment 2:

[0051] Figure 4 A state diagram of the plunger 030 provided in this embodiment when the locking member 350 is in the locking position; Figure 5 This is a state diagram of the plunger 030 provided in this embodiment when the locking member 350 is in the unlocked position. Figure 4 and Figure 5The plunger 030 provided in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, the main difference being that the first combining portion 361, the second combining portion and the third combining portion 362 in Embodiment 1 are replaced by the trigger holding mechanism 010.

[0052] In this embodiment, the actuator 360 includes a first portion 363 and a second portion 364 that are independent of each other. The first portion 363 and the second portion 364 are arranged at intervals along the AB direction. The end of the first portion 363 away from the second portion 364 is the first end 360a; the end of the second portion 364 away from the first portion 363 is the second end 360b. The first portion 363 is connected to the locking member 350. The second terminal 312 defines a working channel 111 that is connected to the second through hole 312a. The working channel 111 extends along the AB direction. The trigger holding mechanism 010 is disposed in the working channel 111 and is located between the first portion 363 and the second portion 364.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the trigger holding mechanism 010 in the plunger 030 provided in this embodiment, wherein the working portion 120 is located at the first holding position; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the trigger holding mechanism 010 in the plunger 030 is provided for this embodiment, wherein the working portion 120 is located at the first holding position and the trigger portion 180 is located at the trigger position; Figure 8 The present embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the structure of the trigger holding mechanism 010 in the plunger 030, wherein the working portion 120 is located at the second holding position. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the trigger holding mechanism 010 includes a working portion 120 , a first elastic energy storage member 130 , a positioning portion 140 , a locking portion 150 , a second elastic energy storage member 160 , a matching portion 170 and a trigger portion 180 .

[0054] The working part 120 is cylindrical, and the outer circumferential surface of the working part 120 can fit with the inner circumferential surface of the working channel 111, and the working part 120 can be slidably arranged in the working channel 111 along the AB direction. In the present embodiment, the first elastic energy storage member 130 and the second elastic energy storage member 160 are both springs. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the first elastic energy storage member 130 and the second elastic energy storage member 160 can be elastic energy storage members of other forms, such as elastic rubber members. The first elastic energy storage member 130 is arranged in the working channel 111. One end of the first elastic energy storage member 130 abuts against the inner wall of the end of the working channel 111, and the other end of the first elastic energy storage member 130 abuts against the working part 120. When the working part 120 moves along the A direction (the first preset direction), the first elastic energy storage member 130 is compressed and stores energy. When the first elastic energy storage member 130 releases its stored energy and stretches and resets, the first elastic energy storage member 130 drives the working part 120 to move along the B direction (the second preset direction). It can be understood that in other embodiments, the first elastic energy storage member 130 can be configured to be stretched to store energy when the working portion 120 moves along the A direction, and to drive the working portion 120 to move along the B direction when it is contracted and reset.

[0055] The positioning portion 140 is disposed in the working channel 111, and the locking portion 150 is movably disposed on the working portion 120. The position of the positioning portion 140 is fixed, and the locking portion 150 moves along the AB direction with the working portion 120. The locking portion 150 can also be relative to the working portion 120 in a locked position (such as Figure 6 ) and the unlocked position ( Figure 7The second elastic energy storage member 160 applies an elastic force to the locking portion 150, so that the locking portion 150 always has a tendency to move to the locked position. In this embodiment, the direction of the elastic force applied by the second elastic energy storage member 160 to the locking portion 150 is perpendicular to the AB direction. In other embodiments, the second elastic energy storage member 160 can apply forces in other directions to the locking portion 150. The positioning portion 140 and the locking portion 150 are constructed to be able to be combined with each other or separated from each other. When the working portion 120 is located in the first holding position, the positioning portion 140 and the locking portion 150 are combined with each other, so that the working portion 120 is maintained in the first holding position. When the positioning portion 140 and the locking portion 150 are separated from each other, the working portion 120 moves to the second holding position driven by the first elastic energy storage member 130. The positioning portion 140 and the locking portion 150 can be selected from a variety of structures. In this embodiment, the positioning portion 140 is a groove opened on the peripheral wall of the working channel 111. The locking portion 150 is inserted into the positioning portion 140 to reach the locking position, and the locking portion 150 is separated from the positioning portion 140 to reach the unlocking position. In this embodiment, the locking portion 150 is a cylindrical structure, and the axis of the locking portion 150 is perpendicular to the AB direction. The locking portion 150 includes a large diameter section 151 with a larger diameter and a small diameter section 152 with a smaller diameter that are interconnected. A large diameter hole 121 with a larger inner diameter and a small diameter hole 122 with a smaller inner diameter that are interconnected are provided on the working portion 120, and the large diameter hole 121 and the small diameter hole 122 together constitute a working hole. The large diameter hole 121 and the small diameter hole 122 together form a channel that penetrates the positioning portion 140 in a direction perpendicular to the AB direction. The large diameter section 151 is slidably matched with the large diameter hole 121, and the small diameter section 152 is slidably matched with the small diameter hole 122. The second elastic energy storage member 160 is sleeved on the small diameter section 152, one end of the second elastic energy storage member 160 abuts against the end surface of the large diameter section 151 close to the small diameter section 152, and the other end of the second elastic energy storage member 160 abuts against the step surface between the large diameter hole 121 and the small diameter hole 122. When the locking portion 150 moves from the locking position to the unlocking position, the second elastic energy storage member 160 is compressed.

[0056] The end surface of the working part 120 close to the first elastic energy storage member 130 is provided with a trigger hole 123 extending along the B direction. The trigger part 180 is slidably disposed in the trigger hole 123 and moves along the trigger hole 123 in the standby position ( Figure 6 and Figure 8 shown) and the trigger position ( Figure 7The trigger portion 180 moves between the positions shown in the figure). When the trigger portion 180 moves from the standby position to the trigger position, the trigger portion 180 cooperates with the matching portion 170 and drives the locking portion 150 to move from the locked position to the unlocked position. The cooperation between the trigger portion 180 and the matching portion 170 can be various. For example, the matching portion 170 can be arranged on the locking portion 150 and become a part of the locking portion 150. The matching portion 170 is an inclined surface on the locking portion 150. When the locking portion 150 cooperates with the inclined surface of the matching portion 170, the locking portion 150 can drive the locking portion 150 to move from the locked position to the unlocked position through the matching portion 170. In this embodiment, the matching portion 170 is a long strip-shaped swing arm. A long strip-shaped mounting hole 124 extending along the A direction is provided on the hole wall of the small diameter hole 122. The mounting hole 124 is connected to the trigger hole 123. A receiving hole 153 is provided on the small diameter section 152. One end of the matching portion 170 is inserted into the receiving hole 153 and slidably matched with the hole wall of the receiving hole 153. The other end of the matching portion 170 is inserted into the mounting hole 124 and rotatably matched with the working portion 120. When the locking portion 150 is located at the locking position, a part of the matching portion 170 enters the triggering hole 123. In the process of the triggering portion 180 moving from the standby position to the triggering position, the triggering portion 180 abuts against the portion of the matching portion 170 located in the triggering hole 123, pushing the matching portion 170 to rotate from the locking position to the unlocking position, and then the matching portion 170 drives the locking portion 150 to move from the locking position to the unlocking position.

[0057] The first part 363 is connected to the working part 120, and the second part 364 is connected to the trigger part 180. When the working part 120 is located at the first holding position and the trigger part 180 is located at the standby position, part of the second part 364 is located outside the second end 312. When the plunger 030 descends to the bottom of the well, the second part 364 collides with the lower impact part arranged at the bottom of the well, thereby driving the trigger part 180 to move to the trigger position along the B direction relative to the working part 120. In the process of the trigger part 180 moving from the standby position to the trigger position, the trigger part 180 abuts against the part of the matching part 170 located in the trigger hole 123, pushing the matching part 170 to rotate from the locking position to the unlocking position, and then the matching part 170 drives the locking part 150 to move from the locking position to the unlocking position. When the locking part 150 is separated from the positioning part 140, the first elastic energy storage member 130 stretches and resets to release its stored energy. Driven by the first elastic energy storage member 130, the working part 120 moves from the first holding position to the second holding position, thereby causing the locking member 350 to move from the locking position to the unlocking position. When the working part 120 is located at the second holding position, part of the first portion 263 is located outside the first end 311. When the plunger 030 moves upward into the wellhead pipeline, the first portion 263 collides with the upper impact portion provided in the wellhead pipeline, driving the working part 120 to move from the second holding position to the first holding position, thereby causing the locking member 350 to move from the unlocking position to the locking position. After the working part 120 moves to the first holding position, the locking portion 150 is combined with the positioning portion 140, thereby maintaining the locking member 350 in the locking position.

[0058] After the trigger part 180 reaches the trigger position, it is necessary to ensure that the trigger part 180 returns to the standby position to avoid the situation that the locking part 150 cannot reach the locking position due to the inability of the trigger part 180 to return. In most cases, after the driving force along the B direction disappears, the trigger part 180 can return to the standby position under the action of gravity. In this embodiment, the trigger part 180 is ensured to return to the standby position by the third elastic energy storage member 210. The third elastic energy storage member 210 can be an elastic rubber member or made of other elastic materials. In this embodiment, the third elastic energy storage member 210 is a spring, and the third elastic energy storage member 210 is sleeved on the second part 264. A radially outwardly protruding retaining ring 201 is provided on the second part 264. The retaining ring 201 is located in the working channel 111 and outside the trigger hole 123. One end of the third elastic energy storage member 210 abuts against the retaining ring 201, and the other end of the third elastic energy storage member 210 abuts against the working part 120. When the working part 120 is located at the first maintaining position, the third elastic energy storage member 210 applies a force in the direction A to the retaining ring 201, so that the trigger part 180 has a tendency to move toward the standby position. Under the action of the driving force along the direction B, the trigger part 180 moves from the standby position to the trigger position. After the driving force along the direction B disappears, under the action of the third elastic energy storage member 210, the trigger part 180 returns to the standby position.

[0059] Embodiment 3:

[0060] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oil and gas well structure 01 provided in this embodiment. Fig. 9 The oil and gas well structure 01 provided in this embodiment includes the plunger 030 described in Example 1 or Example 2. The oil and gas well structure 01 also includes a wellhead pipeline 11 located on the ground, and a wellway 12 arranged below the ground and connected to the wellhead pipeline 11. An upper impact part 13 is arranged at the top of the wellhead pipeline 11, and a lower impact part 14 is arranged at the bottom of the wellway 12. The inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the wellway 12. The plunger 030 can descend from the top of the wellhead pipeline 11 to the bottom of the wellway 12, and the plunger 030 can also ascend from the bottom of the wellway 12 to the top of the wellhead pipeline 11.

[0061] After the plunger 030 moves upward into the wellhead pipeline 11, the sealing piece 320 moves radially inward under the pressure of the inner wall of the wellhead pipeline 11 to form a limiting gap 344a, and the first end 360a strikes the upper impact part 13 and drives the locking member 350 to move to the locking position. When the plunger 030 moves downward to the lower impact part 14, the second end 360b strikes the lower impact part 14 and drives the locking member 350 to move to the unlocking position.

[0062] The above description is only a partial embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plunger, characterized in that: include: Core tube; a plurality of spacer plates, the plurality of spacer plates being arranged around the core tube, the spacer plates being configured to reciprocate in a radial direction; an elastic member, the elastic member acting on the sealing piece, the elastic member being configured to enable the sealing piece to have a tendency to move outward in a radial direction; A guide post, wherein the guide post penetrates the tube wall of the core tube in a radial direction, one end of the guide post located outside the core tube is connected to the sealing plate, and one end of the guide post located inside the core tube is provided with a limiting portion; as well as A locking member, wherein the locking member is disposed in the core tube; an actuating portion, the actuating portion being connected to the locking member and being configured to drive the locking member to move between a locking position and an unlocking position along an axial direction; Wherein, a limiting gap is formed between the limiting portion and the inner circumferential surface of the core tube during the radial inward movement of the sealing piece; the locking member is configured to be embedded in the limiting gap when moving to the locking position to prevent the sealing piece from moving radially outward, and the locking member is configured to be disengaged from the limiting gap when moving to the unlocking position; The actuating portion is disposed in the core tube, and the actuating portion is configured to move in an axial direction; The actuating portion comprises a first end and a second end opposite to each other; along the direction from the first end to the second end, the locking member moves from the unlocking position to the locking position; along the direction from the second end to the first end, the locking member moves from the locking position to the unlocking position; When the locking member is located at the unlocking position, the actuating portion is configured such that at least the first end is located outside the core tube to receive a driving force in a direction from the first end to the second end; when the locking member is located at the locking position, the actuating portion is configured such that at least the second end is located outside the core tube to receive a driving force in a direction from the second end to the first end; The actuating portion comprises a first part and a second part which are independent of each other; the first part and the second part are arranged at intervals in the axial direction; the end of the first part away from the second part is the first end; the end of the second part away from the first part is the second end; the first part is connected to the locking member; The plunger further includes a trigger-holding mechanism disposed between the first portion and the second portion, the trigger-holding mechanism comprising: a working part, the working part being connected to the first part, the working part being disposed in the core tube and being configured to move along the core tube between a first holding position and a second holding position; when the working part is located at the first holding position, the locking member is located at the locking position; when the working part is located at the second holding position, the locking member is located at the unlocking position; a first elastic energy storage member, the first elastic energy storage member acting on the working portion and being configured to make the working portion have a tendency to move toward the second holding position; A positioning portion, the positioning portion being arranged in the core tube; a locking portion, the locking portion being movably disposed on the working portion, the locking portion being configured to move between a locking position in combination with the positioning portion and an unlocking position in separation from the positioning portion; a second elastic energy storage member, the second elastic energy storage member acting on the locking portion and being configured to make the locking portion have a tendency to move toward the locking position; A matching portion provided on the locking portion or linked to the locking portion; and a trigger portion connected to the second portion, the trigger portion being configured to move along the core tube between a trigger position engaged with the engagement portion and a standby position separated from the engagement portion; In which, the trigger holding mechanism is constructed so that when the working part moves from the second holding position to the first holding position driven by a force in a first preset direction, the locking part moves to the locking position and combines with the positioning part to maintain the working part in the first holding position; the trigger holding mechanism is constructed so that when the working part is located in the first holding position and the trigger part moves from the standby position to the trigger position driven by a force in a second preset direction, the trigger part cooperates with the matching part and drives the locking part to move from the locking position to the unlocking position; the first preset direction is the direction from the first end to the second end; the second preset direction is the direction from the second end to the first end.

2. The plunger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking member comprises an embedding portion and a connecting portion which are connected to each other; the connecting portion is connected to the actuating portion; the embedding portion is configured to be embedded in the limiting gap when in the locking position and to be disengaged from the limiting gap when in the unlocking position.

3. The plunger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting portion is a disc-shaped component, and the edge of the connecting portion protrudes along the axial direction to form an annular embedding portion.

4. The plunger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trigger holding mechanism further includes a third elastic energy storage member, which acts on the trigger portion and is configured to enable the trigger portion to have a tendency to move toward the standby position.

5. An oil and gas well structure, characterized in that: include: Wellhead pipeline; a well connected to the wellhead pipeline; as well as The plunger according to any one of claims 1 to 4; Among them, the inner diameter of the wellhead pipeline is smaller than the inner diameter of the wellbore; the plunger is constructed so that after it moves upward into the wellhead pipeline, the sealing plate moves radially inward to form the limiting gap, and the actuating part drives the locking piece to move to the locking position; the plunger is constructed so that after it moves downward to a preset position in the wellbore, the actuating part drives the locking piece to move to the unlocking position.

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