Biomass thermal cracking device and combustible gas preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biomass energy thermal cracking device and a method for preparing combustible gas. The biomass energy thermal cracking device includes a raw material silo, a conveying and heating device, a biomass oil and gas phase change reactor, a dust removal device and a gas collection device. The conveying and heating device is used to receive the biomass raw materials in the raw material silo and convey the biomass raw materials to the next workstation. The conveying and heating device includes a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part which are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the biomass raw materials. The biomass oil and gas phase change reactor is used to receive the product output by the carbonization reaction part and perform secondary cracking treatment on the product. The dust removal device is used to receive the combustible gas output by the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor and perform dust removal treatment on the combustible gas. The gas collection device is used to collect and process the combustible gas after the dust removal treatment. The above-mentioned biomass energy thermal cracking device can perform high-efficiency carbonization treatment on the biomass raw materials to obtain combustible gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, and in particular to a biomass energy thermal cracking device and a combustible gas preparation method. Background Art

[0002] Biochar refers to the solid product after high-temperature thermal cracking of organic matter in an incomplete combustion or oxygen-deficient environment. During the high-temperature thermal cracking of organic matter (biomass raw materials) in the reactor, biochar powder, tar and non-condensable gas (combustible gas) are obtained. At present, the technical equipment in this regard is mainly the traditional earth-stewed charcoal furnace. However, the traditional technical equipment has a long carbonization time, the biomass raw materials used are limited, and the efficiency of preparing combustible gas is low. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a biomass thermal cracking device and a combustible gas preparation method, which can efficiently carbonize biomass raw materials to obtain combustible gas.

[0004] The technical scheme is as follows: a biomass energy thermal cracking device, comprising: a raw material silo, the raw material silo is used to load biomass raw materials; a conveying and heating device, the conveying and heating device is used to receive the biomass raw materials in the raw material silo and convey the biomass raw materials to the next workstation, the conveying and heating device comprises a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part arranged in sequence along the conveying direction of the biomass raw materials; a biomass oil and gas phase change reactor, the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor is used to receive the product output by the carbonization reaction part, and perform secondary cracking treatment on the product; a dust removal device and a gas collection device, the dust removal device is used to receive the combustible gas output by the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor, and perform dust removal treatment on the combustible gas, the gas collection device is connected to the dust removal device, and the gas collection device is used to collect and treat the combustible gas after the dust removal treatment.

[0005] When the above-mentioned biomass energy thermal cracking device is working, the biomass raw material enters into the conveying and heating device, and the conveying and heating device conveys the biomass raw material to the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor. At the same time, the biomass raw material is dehydrated in the dehydration reaction section of the conveying and heating device, undergoes a primary cracking treatment in the cracking reaction section, and undergoes a carbonization treatment in the carbonization reaction section to obtain products including biochar, tar, and non-condensable gas. The products such as biochar, tar, and non-condensable gas enter into the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor for secondary cracking treatment. The combustible gas output from the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor is dedusted by the dust removal device and then collected by the gas collection device. In this way, compared with the traditional method of directly stewing in an earth stewing charcoal furnace to obtain combustible gas, the above-mentioned biomass energy thermal cracking device can efficiently carbonize the biomass raw material to obtain combustible gas.

[0006] A method for preparing combustible gas comprises the following steps:

[0007] The biomass raw materials are sequentially subjected to dehydration treatment, primary cracking treatment and carbonization treatment;

[0008] The product after carbonization treatment is subjected to secondary cracking treatment;

[0009] The combustible gas after the secondary cracking treatment is subjected to dust removal treatment;

[0010] The combustible gas after dust removal is collected and treated.

[0011] The above-mentioned method for preparing combustible gas has a technical effect similar to that of a biomass thermal cracking device, and can efficiently carbonize biomass raw materials to obtain combustible gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass thermal cracking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a material conveying assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a material conveying assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a first spiral shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the arch-breaking feeding assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a first pushing member and a second pushing member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a raw material silo according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 8 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a raw material bin according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first pushing member and the second pushing member are in a closed state;

[0020] Fig. 9 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a raw material bin according to an embodiment of the present invention when the first pushing member and the second pushing member are in an open state;

[0021] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a conveying and heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Fig.11 It is an exploded schematic diagram of a conveying and heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Fig.12 It is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a conveying and heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Fig.13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a third spiral shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Fig.14 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the axial direction of the third spiral shaft according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.15 is an exploded schematic diagram of a third spiral shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig.16 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a third spiral shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.17 for Fig.16 An enlarged schematic diagram of point A;

[0029] Fig.18 for Fig.16 An enlarged schematic diagram of point B;

[0030] Fig.19 This is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass oil-gas phase change reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 20 This is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of a biomass oil-gas phase change reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.21 A side view of a biomass oil-gas phase change reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 22 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a biomass oil-gas phase change reaction kettle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.23 This is a schematic structural diagram of an active axial flow settling dust removal tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.24 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an active axial flow settling dust removal tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of an active axial flow settling dust removal tower according to an embodiment of the present invention from one viewing angle;

[0037] Fig.26 It is an exploded schematic diagram of another perspective of the active axial flow settling dust removal tower according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 27 This is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.28 This is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass pyrolysis device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.29 It is a structural schematic diagram of a water bubble dust collector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.30 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section in the AA direction and when the water level is in the initial state;

[0042] Fig.31 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross section in the AA direction and when the water level is in the working state;

[0043] Fig.32 It is a schematic structural diagram of a water bubble dust collector according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be intermediate elements at the same time. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0047] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 A biomass thermal cracking device includes: a raw material silo 10, a conveying and heating device 20, a biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30, a dust removal device and a gas collection device.

[0048] The raw material silo 10 is used to load biomass raw materials. The conveying and heating device 20 is used to receive the biomass raw materials in the raw material silo 10 and convey the biomass raw materials to the next workstation. The conveying and heating device 20 includes a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part which are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the biomass raw materials. The biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 is used to receive the product output by the carbonization reaction part and perform secondary cracking treatment on the product. The dust removal device is used to receive the combustible gas output by the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 and perform dust removal treatment on the combustible gas. The gas collection device is connected to the dust removal device, and the gas collection device is used to collect and process the combustible gas after the dust removal treatment.

[0049] When the above-mentioned biomass energy thermal cracking device is working, the biomass raw material enters the conveying and heating device 20, and the conveying and heating device 20 conveys the biomass raw material to the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30. At the same time, the biomass raw material is dehydrated in the dehydration reaction part of the conveying and heating device 20, undergoes a primary cracking treatment in the cracking reaction part, and undergoes a carbonization treatment in the carbonization reaction part to obtain products including biochar, tar, and non-condensable gas. The products such as biochar, tar, and non-condensable gas enter the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 for secondary cracking treatment. The combustible gas output by the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 is dust-removed by a dust removal device and then collected by a gas collection device. In this way, compared with the traditional method of directly heating the earthen charcoal furnace to obtain combustible gas, the above-mentioned biomass energy thermal cracking device can efficiently carbonize the biomass raw material to obtain combustible gas.

[0050] In one embodiment, the biomass energy thermal cracking device further includes a charcoal bin 40. The charcoal bin 40 is used to receive and store the biochar output from the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30. In addition, the biochar output from the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 is collected by the charcoal bin 40. In this way, the biomass raw material can be efficiently carbonized.

[0051] In one embodiment, see Figures 2 to 4 The biomass thermal cracking device further includes a material conveying assembly 50 disposed between the raw material silo 10 and the conveying and heating device 20. The raw material silo 10 includes a first raw material silo and a second raw material silo. The material conveying assembly 50 includes a first conveying pipe 510, a first screw shaft 520, a first switch valve 530 and a second switch valve 540. The side wall of the first conveying pipe 510 is provided with a first feed inlet 511 corresponding to the discharge port of the first raw material silo, a second feed inlet 512 corresponding to the discharge port of the second raw material silo and an outlet 513 corresponding to the feed port of the conveying and heating device 20. The first screw shaft 520 is rotatably disposed in the first conveying pipe 510. The first switch valve 530 is disposed at the first feed inlet 511, and the second switch valve 540 is disposed at the second feed inlet 512.

[0052] In this way, the first feed inlet 511 and the second feed inlet 512 of the first conveying pipe 510 can be connected to the first raw material bin and the second raw material bin respectively. When the first switch valve 530 is opened, the second switch valve 540 is closed, that is, when the first raw material bin conveys materials to the first conveying pipe 510, the second raw material bin can be charged. Since the second switch valve 540 closes the second feed inlet 512, the air tightness in the first conveying pipe 510 will not be affected by the charging operation of the second raw material bin. On the contrary, when the first switch valve 530 is closed, the second switch valve 540 is opened, that is, when there is no material in the first raw material bin, the charging operation is performed, and the second raw material bin correspondingly conveys the material to the first conveying pipe 510. Since the first switch valve 530 closes the first feed inlet 511, the air tightness in the first conveying pipe 510 will not be affected by the charging operation of the first raw material bin. In this way, the above-mentioned material conveying assembly 50 can achieve continuous work while ensuring sealing, and has high production efficiency.

[0053] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the discharge port 513 is located in the middle of the first conveying pipe 510, and the first feed port 511 and the second feed port 512 are respectively located on both sides of the discharge port 513. The first spiral shaft 520 includes a first spiral segment 521 corresponding to the first feed port 511 and a second spiral segment 522 corresponding to the second feed port 512. The spiral direction of the first spiral segment 521 is opposite to that of the second spiral segment 522. In this way, when the motor drives the first spiral shaft 520 to rotate in one direction, the first spiral segment 521 pushes the material at the first feed port 511 to the discharge port 513, or the second spiral segment 522 pushes the material at the second feed port 512 to the discharge port 513. The motor only needs to rotate in one direction. In addition, the first raw material bin and the second raw material bin corresponding to the first feed port 511 and the second feed port 512 are respectively located on both sides of the discharge port 513. The first raw material bin and the second raw material bin are reasonably arranged and can be reasonably installed in the limited space of the vehicle body.

[0054] Furthermore, there are more than two first feed ports 511 and more than two first switch valves 530 . The more than two first feed ports 511 are arranged on the first conveying pipe 510 at intervals, and the more than two first switch valves 530 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the more than two first feed ports 511 .

[0055] There are more than two second feed inlets 512 and more than two second switch valves 540 . The more than two second feed inlets 512 are arranged on the first conveying pipe 510 at intervals, and the more than two second switch valves 540 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the more than two second feed inlets 512 .

[0056] In this way, more than two first feed ports 511 can correspond to more than two first raw material silos, and the first conveying pipe 510 can accept feeding operations from more than two first raw material silos. Similarly, more than two second feed ports 512 can correspond to more than two second raw material silos, and the first conveying pipe 510 can accept feeding operations from more than two second raw material silos, that is, the first conveying pipe 510 can accept material conveying operations from any one of more than two first raw material silos and more than two second raw material silos.

[0057] Furthermore, the opening size of the first feed inlet 511 and the opening size of the second feed inlet 512 are not larger than the size of the discharge port 513. In this way, no matter the material from the first feed inlet 511 or the second feed inlet 512 enters the first conveying pipe 510 and is pushed to the discharge port 513 by the first screw shaft 520 in the first conveying pipe 510, the discharge port 513 will not be blocked by the material. Specifically, the first feed inlet 511 and the second feed inlet 512 are the same size as the discharge port 513, which can ensure that the material sent out of the first raw material bin is the same size as the material sent out of the second raw material bin on the one hand, and the material sent out of the first raw material bin or the second raw material bin is exactly the same size as the material discharged from the discharge port 513 of the first conveying pipe 510 on the other hand, which can facilitate better control of the transportation of materials.

[0058] Furthermore, the material conveying assembly 50 further comprises a motor, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the first screw shaft 520. Thus, the first screw shaft 520 is driven to rotate by the motor, and the degree of automation is high.

[0059] Furthermore, the material conveying assembly 50 further includes a bearing, a first seal and a second seal. The bearing is disposed at the end of the first conveying pipe 510, the output shaft of the motor is mounted on the bearing, and the first seal and the second seal are disposed at both ends of the first conveying pipe 510, respectively. In this way, the first seal and the second seal can prevent outside air from entering the first conveying pipe 510, thereby ensuring sealing. The bearing facilitates the output shaft of the motor to drive the first screw shaft 520 to rotate.

[0060] In one embodiment, both the first switch valve 530 and the second switch valve 540 are ball valves, the inlet 532 of the first switch valve 530 is connected to the outlet of the first raw material bin, and the outlet 531 of the first switch valve 530 is connected to the first inlet 511. The inlet 542 of the second switch valve 540 is connected to the outlet of the second raw material bin, and the outlet 541 of the second switch valve 540 is connected to the second inlet 512.

[0061] See also Figure 2The first delivery pipe 510 may specifically include a first three-way pipe 514, a second three-way pipe 515 and a third three-way pipe 516. One of the main pipe interfaces of the first three-way pipe 514 is connected to one of the main pipe interfaces of the second three-way pipe 515, and the other main pipe interface of the first three-way pipe 514 is connected to one of the main pipe interfaces of the third three-way pipe 516. The branch pipe interface of the first three-way pipe 514 is the discharge port 513. The branch pipe interface of the second three-way pipe 515 is the first feed port 511, and the branch pipe interface of the third three-way pipe 516 is the second feed port 512. That is, the three three-way pipes are connected in series to obtain the first delivery pipe 510, which is easy to select materials and can facilitate the manufacture of the first delivery pipe 510 having the first feed port 511, the second feed port 512 and the discharge port 513. In addition, since the main pipe of the first three-way pipe 514, the main pipe of the second three-way pipe 515 and the main pipe of the third three-way pipe 516 are connected in series to form a straight pipe, the first spiral shaft 520 can be rotatably installed.

[0062] Furthermore, the three interfaces of the first three-way pipe 514, the second three-way pipe 515 and the third three-way pipe 516 are all provided with flanges 517. The first three-way pipe 514 is connected and fixed to the second three-way pipe 515 and the third three-way pipe 516 respectively through two flanges 517, so that the structure of the first conveying pipe 510 obtained by connecting the three is relatively stable, and the sealing of the first conveying pipe 510 can be ensured. In addition, the first three-way pipe 514, the second three-way pipe 515 and the third three-way pipe 516 can also be fixedly connected and matched with other equipment, such as the first raw material silo, the second raw material silo, the first sealing member, the second sealing member, the material output pipe, etc. In addition, in order to enhance the sealing performance, a sealing ring can be provided on the plate surface of the flange 517, so that when the two flanges 517 are butt-connected, the sealing ring can play a good sealing role.

[0063] When more than two raw material silos 10 are needed to add materials to the first conveying pipe 510, that is, when the first feed port 511 and the second feed port 512 of the first conveying pipe 510 are more than two, further, there are more than two second three-way pipes 515, and the main pipe interfaces of the more than two second three-way pipes 515 are connected in series, and the branch pipe interfaces of the second three-way pipes 515 are more than two, that is, the first feed port 511 is more than two, corresponding to more than two first raw material silos. Similarly, there are more than two third three-way pipes 516, and the main pipe interfaces of the more than two third three-way pipes 516 are connected in series, and the branch pipe interfaces of the third three-way pipes 516 are more than two, that is, the second feed port 512 is more than two, corresponding to more than two second raw material silos. Thus, since the first delivery pipe 510 is formed by a three-way pipe connection, when the first feed port 511 or the second feed port 512 needs to be added, it can be realized by simply adding a second three-way pipe 515 in series at one end of the first delivery pipe 510 or adding a third three-way pipe in series at the other end of the first delivery pipe 510. In addition, since the main pipe interfaces of the second three-way pipe 515 and the third three-way pipe 516 are both provided with flanges 517, it is convenient to add the first feed port 511 and the second feed port 512 in series.

[0064] Furthermore, after the first raw material silo and the second raw material silo are filled with materials, they are both evacuated by a vacuum pump to completely extract the air to prevent it from being brought into the subsequent reactor, so that the materials can be cracked at high temperature in an oxygen-free environment in the subsequent biomass oil-gas phase change reactor 30.

[0065] In one embodiment, see Figures 5 to 9 , an arch-breaking feeding assembly 60 is provided in the raw material bin 10. A first mounting port 11 and a second mounting port 12 are provided on the bottom side wall of the raw material bin 10, and the arch-breaking feeding assembly 60 includes a conveying cylinder 610, a second screw shaft 612, a first pushing member 613 and a second pushing member 614. One end of the conveying cylinder 610 is installed at the first mounting port 11, and the other end of the conveying cylinder 610 is installed at the second mounting port 12. A window 611 is provided on the side wall of the conveying cylinder 610. The second screw shaft 612 is rotatably arranged in the conveying cylinder 610 and is used to transport the biomass raw materials in the conveying cylinder 610 to the conveying and heating device 20; the first pushing member 613 and the second pushing member 614 are rotatably arranged on both sides of the window 611, respectively, and the first pushing member 613 and the second pushing member 614 can push the material into the window 611 during the process of rotating toward each other.

[0066] In this way, when a rat hole phenomenon is formed in the raw material silo 10, the first pusher 613 and the second pusher 614 are used to push the material above it, so that the material falls into the window 611, and the material is output to the outside through the conveying cylinder 610 during the rotation of the screw shaft, so that the material in the raw material silo 10 can be smoothly delivered.

[0067] In one embodiment, the arch-breaking feeding assembly 60 further includes a first carrier plate 615 and a second carrier plate 616. The first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 are both connected to the side wall of the conveying tube 610, and the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 are respectively located on both sides of the window 611, and the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 are both used to guide the material into the window 611. Specifically, the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 are arranged at an angle, and the angle between the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 is 90 degrees to 160 degrees. In this way, the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 can guide the material into the window 611, which is conducive to the material converging in the conveying tube 610 and being transported outward through the second screw shaft 612.

[0068] In one embodiment, the first pusher 613 is a first wedge, the first carrier plate 615 is provided with a first opening 6151 corresponding to the radial surface 61311 of the first wedge, and the first wedge is rotatably disposed in the first opening 6151. The second pusher 614 is a second wedge, the second carrier plate 616 is provided with a second opening 6161 corresponding to the radial surface 61411 of the second wedge, and the second wedge is rotatably disposed in the second opening 6161. In this way, the first driving member can drive the first wedge to rotate below the first carrier plate 615, and the second driving member can drive the second wedge to rotate below the second carrier plate 616. After the first wedge and the second wedge rotate upward, they can break the materials above the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 and smoothly guide them into the window 611. In addition, when the first wedge block and the second wedge block are driven to be lifted, the first wedge block and the second wedge block can respectively always block the first opening 6151 and the second opening 6161 to prevent the material from falling under the first carrier plate 615 and the second carrier plate 616 through the first opening 6151 and the second opening 6161, so that the material enters the window 611.

[0069] Specifically, see Figure 6The first pusher 613 includes a first panel 6131, a first end plate 6132, a second end plate 6133 and a first curved panel 6134. The first carrier plate 615 is provided with a first opening 6151 corresponding to the first panel 6131. ​​The first panel 6131 is rotatably disposed in the first opening 6151. Both ends of the first panel 6131 are respectively connected to the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133. The first panel 6131, the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 are all connected to the first curved panel 6134.

[0070] The second pusher 614 includes a second panel 6141, a third end plate 6142, a fourth end plate 6143 and a second curved panel 6144. The second carrier plate 616 is provided with a second opening 6161 corresponding to the second panel 6141, the second panel 6141 is rotatably disposed in the second opening 6161, the two ends of the second panel 6141 are respectively connected to the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143, and the second panel 6141, the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143 are all connected to the second curved panel 6144.

[0071] For further information, see Figure 8 , when the first pusher 613 is in the closed state, the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 are both used to contact the bottom wall of the raw material bin 10, and the first panel 6131 is located at the first opening 6151. At this time, the upper surface of the first panel 6131 and the carrying surface of the first carrier plate 615 are in the same plane, which is equivalent to a guide surface, which is conducive to smoothly guiding the material into the window 611. On the other hand, when the first pusher 613 is not used for arch-breaking feeding, since the first panel 6131 blocks the first opening 6151, the first opening 6151 can be always blocked to prevent the material from falling below the first carrier plate 615 through the first opening 6151.

[0072] Similarly, when the second pusher 614 is in the closed state, the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143 are used to contact the bottom wall of the raw material bin 10, and the second panel 6141 is located at the second opening 6161. At this time, the upper surface of the second panel 6141 and the carrying surface of the second carrier 616 are in the same plane, which is equivalent to the guide surface, which is conducive to smoothly guiding the material into the window 611. On the other hand, when the second pusher 614 is not used for arch-breaking feeding, since the second panel 6141 blocks the second opening 6161, the second opening 6161 can be always blocked to prevent the material from falling below the first carrier 615 through the second opening 6161.

[0073] Further, see Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Fig. 9 , the first end plate 6132 and / or the second end plate 6133 are provided with a first limiting ridge 6135, and the first limiting ridge 6135 is used to abut against the lower side of the first carrier plate 615. In this way, when the first pusher 613 is rotated and lifted, the first limiting ridge 6135 abuts against the lower side of the first carrier plate 615, preventing the first pusher 613 from continuing to rotate upward and lift so that the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 are separated from the first opening 6151, so that the first pusher 613 can always block the first opening 6151 during the process of rotating and breaking the arch.

[0074] Similarly, the third end plate 6142 and / or the fourth end plate 6143 are provided with a second limiting ridge 6145, and the second limiting ridge 6145 is used to abut against the lower side of the second carrier plate 616. When the second pusher 614 is rotated and lifted, the second limiting ridge 6145 abuts against the lower side of the second carrier plate 616 to prevent the second pusher 614 from continuing to rotate upward and lift so that the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143 are separated from the second opening 6161, so that the second pusher 614 can always block the second opening 6161 during the process of rotating and breaking the arch.

[0075] In one embodiment, the arch-breaking feeding assembly 60 further includes a first driving connecting rod 617. One end of the first driving connecting rod 617 is rotatably connected to the first pushing member 613, and the other end of the first driving connecting rod 617 is used to extend out of the raw material bin 10 and is connected to the driving mechanism. In this way, the driving mechanism is used to push the first driving connecting rod 617 to drive the first pushing member 613 to lift up and perform the arch-breaking operation. Similarly, the arch-breaking feeding assembly 60 further includes a second driving connecting rod 618. One end of the second driving connecting rod 618 is rotatably connected to the second pushing member 614, and the other end of the second driving connecting rod 618 is used to extend out of the raw material bin 10 and is connected to the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism is used to push the second driving connecting rod 618 to drive the second pushing member 614 to lift up and perform the arch-breaking operation.

[0076] Specifically, the driving mechanism may be a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, an oil cylinder or a screw driving mechanism.

[0077] For further information, please refer to Figure 6, the arch-breaking feeding assembly 60 also includes a first cross bar 6191 and a second cross bar 6192. The first end plate 6132 is connected to the second end plate 6133 through the first cross bar 6191, and one end of the first driving connecting rod 617 is rotatably connected to the first cross bar 6191. The third end plate 6142 is connected to the fourth end plate 6143 through the second cross bar 6192, and one end of the second driving connecting rod 618 is rotatably connected to the second cross bar 6192. In this way, the first cross bar 6191 can enhance the structural stability between the first end plate 6132 and the second end plate 6133 on the one hand, and can facilitate the rotatable connection of the first driving connecting rod 617 on the other hand. Similarly, the second cross bar 6192 can enhance the structural stability between the third end plate 6142 and the fourth end plate 6143 on the one hand, and can facilitate the rotatable connection of the second driving connecting rod 618 on the other hand.

[0078] In one embodiment, the outer edge of the first carrier plate 615 and the outer edge of the second carrier plate 616 are used to contact and cooperate with the inner wall of the raw material bin 10. In this way, the material can be guided into the window 611 as much as possible, and avoid falling from the gap between the outer edge of the first carrier plate 615, the outer edge of the second carrier plate 616 and the inner wall of the raw material bin 10 and depositing on the bottom of the raw material bin 10.

[0079] In addition, specifically, a feeding port 13 is provided at the top of the raw material silo 10. The feeding port 13 at the top of the raw material silo 10 is used to feed materials into the raw material silo 10. After the materials fall into the conveying cylinder 610, the second screw shaft 612 rotates to convey the materials outward. Further, in order to facilitate the connection of one end of the conveying cylinder 610 with other material conveying components 50 (such as the first conveying pipe 510) and convey the materials to other material conveying components 50, and in order to facilitate the installation of bearings, motors, etc. at the other end of the conveying cylinder 610, first flanges 6193 are provided at both ends of the conveying cylinder 610.

[0080] In one embodiment, in order to facilitate the first driving link 617 and the second driving link 618 to extend out of the raw material bin 10 and be connected to the driving mechanism, a first through hole and a second through hole are provided at the bottom of the raw material bin 10, the first driving link 617 extends out of the raw material bin 10 through the first through hole and is connected to the driving mechanism, and the second driving link 618 extends out of the raw material bin 10 through the second through hole and is connected to the driving mechanism.

[0081] For further information, see Figures 7 to 9, two detachably connected second flanges 14 are provided at the first through hole, one of which is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the raw material bin 10, and a third through hole 141 adapted to the first driving connecting rod 617 is provided in the middle of the other second flange 14. In this way, the first driving connecting rod 617 sequentially passes through the third through hole 141 and the first through hole and extends into the raw material bin 10, which can ensure the sealing performance of the raw material bin 10 and facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the first driving connecting rod 617.

[0082] In addition, two detachably connected third flanges 15 are provided at the second through hole, one of which is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the raw material bin 10, and a fourth through hole 151 adapted to the first driving connecting rod 617 is provided in the middle of the other third flange 15. In this way, the second driving connecting rod 618 sequentially passes through the fourth through hole 151 and the second through hole and extends into the raw material bin 10, which can ensure the sealing performance of the raw material bin 10 and facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the second driving connecting rod 618.

[0083] In one embodiment, see Figures 10 to 12 The transport heating device 20 includes a second transport pipe 210, a first induction coil 220, a second induction coil and a third induction coil. A first chamber 211, a second chamber and a third chamber are sequentially arranged on the wall of the second transport pipe 210 along the transport direction of the biomass raw material. The first chamber 211, the second chamber and the third chamber are respectively located in the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part, and the first chamber 211, the second chamber and the third chamber are all used to load the metal heat exchange medium.

[0084] The first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are sequentially sleeved outside the second conveying pipe 210 and are arranged one by one with the first chamber 211, the second chamber and the third chamber. When the first induction coil 220 is energized, it is used to heat and melt the metal heat exchange medium in the first chamber 211, when the second induction coil is energized, it is used to heat and melt the metal heat exchange medium in the second chamber, and when the third induction coil is energized, it is used to heat and melt the metal heat exchange medium in the third chamber. In this way, when the biomass raw material needs to be heated after entering the second conveying pipe 210, the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are all energized by the medium frequency induction heating principle, so that the metal heat exchange medium is heated and melted. When the metal heat exchange medium is controlled to be in a solid-liquid coexistence state, for example, the heating temperature of the metal heat exchange medium is the melting point temperature of the metal heat exchange medium, so that the heating temperature of the metal heat exchange medium is convenient for accurately controlling the heating temperature of the metal heat exchange medium. During the process of conveying the material along the axial direction of the second conveying pipe 210, the heating temperature is different when the material moves to different parts of the second conveying pipe 210, so that the material can be subjected to dehydration reaction treatment, cracking reaction treatment and carbonization reaction treatment respectively.

[0085] In one embodiment, see Fig.11 and Fig.12 The conveying and heating device 20 also includes a thermal insulation layer 230. The thermal insulation layer 230 is arranged outside the second conveying pipe 210, and the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are all sleeved outside the thermal insulation layer 230. The thermal insulation layer 230 can prevent the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium from being transferred outward as much as possible, play a role in heat insulation, and thus save energy. Specifically, the thermal insulation layer 230 is made of alumina, a ceramic-like material, which is insulated, heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant, and can ensure product performance.

[0086] More specifically, see Fig.11 and Fig.12In order to make the heating temperatures of the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part different, the metal heat exchange medium in the corresponding chamber of the part is determined according to the heating temperatures required by the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part. Specifically, the dehydration reaction part performs a dehydration reaction on the material, and the corresponding temperature needs to be controlled below 100°C. Gallium metal (melting point is 30°C, boiling point is 2204°C) can be loaded into the first chamber 211. By controlling the working power of the first induction coil 220, the metal heat exchange medium in the first chamber 211 is melted and in a solid-liquid coexistence state. At this time, the ambient temperature of the material corresponding to the dehydration reaction part is controlled to 30°C. The cracking reaction part performs cracking reaction on the material, and the corresponding temperature needs to be controlled at 100℃~350℃, then bismuth metal (melting point is 271℃, boiling point is 1420℃) can be loaded into the second chamber, and the working power of the second induction coil is controlled so that the metal heat exchange medium in the second chamber is melted and in a solid-liquid coexistence state, and the ambient temperature of the material corresponding to the cracking reaction part is controlled to be 271℃. The carbonization reaction part performs carbonization reaction on the material, and the corresponding temperature needs to be controlled at 350℃~800℃, then tin metal (melting point is 232℃, boiling point is 2690℃) can be loaded into the third chamber, and the working power of the third induction coil is controlled so that the metal heat exchange medium in the third chamber is completely melted and heated to 350℃~800℃, and the ambient temperature of the material corresponding to the carbonization reaction part is controlled to be 350℃~800℃.

[0087] For further information, see Fig.11 and Fig.12 The second delivery pipe 210 includes a liner tube 212 and an outer wall tube 213. The outer wall tube 213 is sleeved outside the liner tube 212, and a gap is provided between the inner wall of the outer wall tube 213 and the outer wall of the liner tube 212. A first blocking ring 214, two spacer rings 216 and a second blocking ring 215 are sequentially provided between the outer wall tube 213 and the liner tube 212 along the axial direction of the second delivery pipe 210. The first blocking ring 214, the second blocking ring 215, the two spacer rings 216, the inner wall of the outer wall tube 213 and the outer wall of the liner tube 212 cooperate to form a first chamber 211, a second chamber and a third chamber.

[0088] Furthermore, the first blocking ring 214, the two spacer rings 216 and the second blocking ring 215 are integrated with the outer wall tube 213 or the bushing tube 212. In this way, the sealing performance of the chamber can be enhanced and the structure is more stable.

[0089] Furthermore, the heat conductivity of the liner tube 212 is greater than that of the outer wall tube 213. Thus, the liner tube 212 is conducive to transferring the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium to the material, and the outer wall tube 213 can prevent the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium from being lost to the outside as much as possible, thereby improving the heating effect on the material.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the liner tube 212 is a copper alloy (melting point of 1083°C, thermal conductivity of 297w / mk), which can quickly transfer the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium to the material in the second conveying pipe 210. In addition, the outer wall tube 213 is austenitic stainless steel (melting point of 1200°C, thermal conductivity of 10 w / mk to 30 w / mk), a high-temperature alloy material, corrosion-resistant, low thermal conductivity, slow heat dissipation, and can avoid the heat generated by the metal heat exchange medium from being lost to the outside as much as possible, thereby improving the heating effect on the material. At the same time, the outer wall tube 213 is a non-magnetic material, and will not affect the induction effect of the induction coil on the metal heat exchange medium.

[0091] In one embodiment, the outer wall tube 213 may also be alloy cast iron (melting point is 1200° C.), a high-temperature alloy material, corrosion-resistant, and non-magnetic material.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, see Fig.12 , a medium injection port 217 connected to the first chamber 211, the second chamber, and the third chamber is provided on the outer wall of the second delivery pipe 210. In this way, the metal heat exchange medium is injected into the chamber through the medium injection port 217. In order to prevent the metal heat exchange medium from flowing out of the medium injection port 217, a plugging plate 218 is detachably installed at the medium injection port 217. As an optional solution, the metal heat exchange medium can be injected into the chamber during the process of assembling the outer wall tube 213 and the liner tube 212 to form the chamber, so that there is no need to open a medium injection port 217 corresponding to the chamber on the outer wall tube 213.

[0093] In a specific embodiment, the conveying and heating device 20 further includes a coil frame 219. The coil frame 219 is disposed outside the second conveying pipe 210, and the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are all sleeved on the coil frame 219. In this way, the induction coil is sleeved on the coil frame 219, which has better stability.

[0094] Further, in order to better fix the three induction coils and isolate the adjacent induction coils from each other, the coil skeleton 219 is provided with a plurality of first clamping parts 2191 and a plurality of second clamping parts 2192, the plurality of first clamping parts 2191 are arranged at intervals around the outer wall of the coil skeleton 219, the plurality of second clamping parts 2192 are arranged at intervals around the outer part of the coil skeleton 219, the end of the first induction coil 220 is mounted on the first clamping part 2191, the two ends of the second induction coil are respectively mounted on the first clamping part 2191 and the second clamping part 2192, and the end of the third induction coil is mounted on the second clamping part 2192. In addition, the coil skeleton 219 is also provided with a limiting protrusion to prevent the induction coil from being separated from the second conveying tube 210. In this way, it is conducive to stably mounting the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil and the third induction coil on the coil skeleton 219. In addition, optionally, the coil skeleton 219 is specifically phenolic resin. Phenolic resin is resistant to high temperatures, chemical corrosion and has good stability.

[0095] For further information, please refer to Fig.11 The coil skeleton 219 includes a plurality of collars 2194 arranged at intervals, and a plurality of connecting rods 2195 connected to the plurality of collars 2194, and the plurality of connecting rods 2195 are arranged at intervals around the collars 2194. In this way, the structure of the coil skeleton 219 is simple and the material is saved. Specifically, the collars 2194 and the connecting rods 2195 are an integrated structure, and the structural stability is good.

[0096] In one embodiment, the heating phase change reactor further includes a third screw shaft 240. The third screw shaft 240 is rotatably disposed in the liner tube 212. When the third screw shaft 240 rotates, it is used to drive the biomass raw material to move from the dehydration reaction part to the carbonization reaction part, and the material can be transported from one end of the second conveying pipe 210 to the other end of the second conveying pipe 210. During the movement of the material in the second conveying pipe 210, the ambient temperature is different when the material moves to different parts, and the material can be sequentially subjected to dehydration treatment, cracking reaction treatment, and carbonization reaction treatment. The dehydration reaction part, cracking reaction part and carbonization reaction part are sequentially connected, and the working efficiency is high.

[0097] In one embodiment, see Figures 13 to 18 The end surface of the first end of the third spiral shaft 240 is provided with a plug hole 241 along the axial direction of the third spiral shaft 240. The second end of the third spiral shaft 240 is used to be connected to the power shaft, and the third spiral shaft 240 is used to be rotatably arranged in the second delivery pipe 210. A heating pipe 250 is arranged in the plug hole 241, and a first end cover 251 is provided at the end of the heating pipe 250. The first end cover 251 is located outside the plug hole 241 and is used to seal with the end of the second delivery pipe 210.

[0098] Since the third screw shaft 240 is provided with a socket 241 and a heating pipe 250 is installed in the socket 241, the heating pipe 250 transfers heat to the third screw shaft 240 when generating heat, so that the third screw shaft 240 can heat the biomass raw material synchronously during the material conveying process, so that the material in the second conveying pipe 210 is heated from the inside to the outside of the second conveying pipe 210. In addition, the conveying and heating device 20 not only heats the material in the second conveying pipe 210 with the heating pipe 250, but also the first induction coil 220, the second induction coil, and the third induction coil are all energized, and the metal heat exchange medium generates heat synchronously, so that the material in the second conveying pipe 210 is heated from the outside to the inside. In this way, the conveying and heating device 20 has a good heating effect on the material. During the conveying process along the axial direction of the second conveying pipe 210, the material moves to different parts of the second conveying pipe 210 and the heating temperature is different, so that the dehydration reaction treatment, the cracking reaction treatment and the carbonization reaction treatment can be carried out in sequence.

[0099] In addition, during the rotation of the third spiral shaft 240 , the heating tube 250 will not rotate along with the third spiral shaft 240 , and the first end cap 251 of the heating tube 250 is directly or indirectly connected to the end of the second delivery tube 210 , which can ensure a better sealing effect.

[0100] It is understandable that, in order to completely install the heating tube 250 in the insertion hole 241, the length of the insertion hole 241 is greater than the length of the heating tube 250. In order to better heat the third spiral shaft 240 and ensure the structural strength of the third spiral shaft 240, the length of the insertion hole 241 is more than 2 / 3 of the length of the third spiral shaft 240, and the rest of the third spiral shaft 240 is a solid structure.

[0101] For further information, see Fig.14 and Fig.15 The conveying and heating device 20 further includes a first bearing 260 sleeved on the first end of the third screw shaft 240, and a bearing seat 270 disposed between the first end cover 251 and the end of the second conveying pipe 210. The first bearing 260 is disposed on the bearing seat 270, and the first end cover 251 is sealed with the end of the second conveying pipe 210 through the bearing seat 270. In this way, when the third screw shaft 240 is driven to rotate by the power shaft, it is supported by the first bearing 260 and the bearing seat 270, and the stability is better. In addition, the first bearing 260 and the bearing seat 270 are both located at the first ends of the second conveying pipe 210 and the third screw shaft 240, and the disassembly and assembly operation is also more convenient.

[0102] Specifically, see Fig.15 and Fig.17The bearing seat 270 includes a first sleeve 271, a second end cover 272, a third end cover 273 and a bearing sleeve 274. The first sleeve 271 is sleeved on the first end of the third spiral shaft 240, one end of the first sleeve 271 is connected to the second end cover 272, and the other end of the first sleeve 271 is connected to the third end cover 273. The second end cover 272 is connected to the bearing sleeve 274, and the second end cover 272 is used to seal with the end of the second conveying pipe 210. The third end cover 273 is sealed with the first end cover 251. The first bearing 260 is rotatably disposed in the bearing sleeve 274.

[0103] In one embodiment, see Fig.15 and Fig.17 The conveying and heating device 20 further includes a third sealing member 280. The third sealing member 280 is disposed between the inner side wall of the first sleeve 271 and the outer side wall of the first end of the third screw shaft 240. In this way, the third sealing member 280 can enhance the sealing performance and prevent the outside air from entering the second conveying pipe 210 through the gap between the bearing seat 270 and the third screw shaft 240, thereby ensuring that the biomass raw materials in the second conveying pipe 210 can be heated in an oxygen-free state.

[0104] For further information, see Fig.15 and Fig.17 , the conveying and heating device 20 also includes a shaft seal 290. The shaft seal 290 includes a second sleeve 291 and a fourth end cover 292. The second sleeve 291 is sleeved between the first sleeve 271 and the third spiral shaft 240, and one end of the second sleeve 291 is connected to the fourth end cover 292. The fourth end cover 292 is located between the third end cover 273 and the first end cover 251, and the first end cover 251, the third end cover 273 and the fourth end cover 292 are sealed together. In this way, the shaft seal 290 can enhance the sealing performance and prevent the outside air from entering the second conveying pipe 210 through the gap between the bearing seat 270 and the third spiral shaft 240, thereby ensuring that the biomass raw materials in the second conveying pipe 210 can be heated in an oxygen-free state.

[0105] Specifically, the third sealing member 280 is a sealing packing wound around the outer side wall of the first end of the third spiral shaft 240, and a limiting flange 2193 is provided on the inner side wall of the end of the first sleeve 271 away from the first end cover 251, and the sealing packing is located between the limiting flange 2193 and the other end of the second sleeve 291. Specifically, the third sealing member 280 is a sealing packing wound around the outer side wall of the first end of the third spiral shaft 240. In this way, during the assembly operation of the conveying and heating device 20, the first bearing 260 and the bearing seat 270 can be firstly mounted on the first end of the third spiral shaft 240, and then the sealing packing can be sleeved between the outer wall of the third spiral shaft 240 and the inner wall of the first sleeve 271, and then the second sleeve 291 of the shaft seal 290 can be inserted into the first sleeve 271, and the heating pipe 250 can be inserted into the insertion hole 241 of the third spiral shaft 240, and finally the first end cover 251, the third end cover 273 and the fourth end cover 292 can be locked and connected together by connecting members such as bolts. When the first end cover 251, the third end cover 273 and the fourth end cover 292 are locked and connected together, the second sleeve 291 of the shaft seal 290 presses the sealing packing, so that the sealing packing is completely filled in the gap between the first sleeve 271 and the outer wall of the third spiral shaft 240, and has good sealing performance. In addition, the assembly operation of the conveying and heating device 20 is relatively convenient.

[0106] In one embodiment, in order to work normally under high temperature conditions, the third sealing member 280 is a graphite packing. The third spiral shaft 240 and the bearing seat 270 are both high temperature resistant components.

[0107] In one embodiment, see Fig.15 and Fig.17 The conveying and heating device 20 further includes a fourth three-way pipe 293 disposed between the end of the second conveying pipe 210 and the second end cap 272. The third spiral shaft 240 is sleeved in the straight pipe of the fourth three-way pipe 293, and both ends of the straight pipe of the fourth three-way pipe 293 are connected with fifth end caps 294, one of the fifth end caps 294 is sealed with the second end cap 272, and the other fifth end cap 294 is used to seal with the end of the second conveying pipe 210. The fourth three-way pipe 293 is conducive to the connection between the second conveying pipe 210 and the bearing seat 270, and can also ensure the sealing performance in the second conveying pipe 210. In addition, the port on the fourth three-way pipe 293 perpendicular to the straight pipe is used as the material output end. Driven by the power shaft, the third spiral shaft 240 transports the material from one end of the second conveying pipe 210 to the straight pipe of the fourth three-way pipe 293, and outputs it from the material output end.

[0108] In one embodiment, the first end cover 251 , the second end cover 272 , the third end cover 273 , the fourth end cover 292 , and the fifth end cover 294 are all flange covers.

[0109] In one embodiment, the first sleeve 271 , the second end cover 272 , the third end cover 273 and the bearing sleeve 274 are an integrated structure.

[0110] In one embodiment, see Fig.16 and Fig.18 The conveying and heating device 20 also includes a second bearing 295. The second bearing 295 is disposed in the jack 241, and the end of the heating tube 250 is disposed on the second bearing 295. The heating tube 250 is an electric heating tube 250. Specifically, the heating tube 250 is a nickel-chromium alloy heating tube 250, which has a good heating effect, is resistant to high temperatures, and has a long service life. The heating tube 250 is supported by the second bearing 295, and the installation stability of the heating tube 250 is better.

[0111] In one embodiment, the biomass raw material is processed in the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part of the transport heating device 20 as follows:

[0112] The first stage: dehydration stage (room temperature ~ 100°C), during which the biomass raw materials undergo physical changes, mainly losing water;

[0113] After dehydration, the raw materials enter the second stage: the main thermal cracking stage (100℃~380℃). In this stage, the biomass is thermally decomposed under oxygen-deficient conditions. As the temperature continues to rise, various volatiles are precipitated accordingly, and most of the raw materials lose their quality. Although the material reaches the ignition point, it cannot burn due to lack of oxygen, and no gas phase flame can appear;

[0114] After the raw material is cracked, it enters the third stage: the carbonization stage (>400°C). The decomposition in this stage is very slow, and the mass loss is much smaller than that in the second stage. This stage is usually the further cracking of CC bonds and CH bonds. As the deep volatiles diffuse to the outer layer, biochar is eventually formed. In this way, the biochar obtained by high-temperature thermal cracking generally carries a large amount of volatiles into the reaction vessel 310.

[0115] In one embodiment, see Figures 19 to 22The biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 includes a reaction vessel 310 and an electric heating rod 320. The side wall of the reaction vessel 310 is provided with a receiving cavity 311 extending downward from the top of the side wall to the bottom of the side wall. There are multiple electric heating rods 320, and the multiple electric heating rods 320 are arranged in the receiving cavity 311 at intervals around the center of the reaction vessel 310. The receiving cavity 311 is also used to inject high-temperature molten salt.

[0116] During the process of the reaction vessel 310 receiving the product (including biochar, tar and non-condensable gas) obtained by high-temperature thermal cracking, the multiple electric heating rods 320 are controlled to heat synchronously, and the high-temperature molten salt is dissolved by heat until it boils. When the high-temperature molten salt is in a boiling state, the temperature remains unchanged. For example, the boiling point of the selected high-temperature molten salt is 1250°C, and the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is continuously heated. The pressure of the biochar increases and then produces a decomposition heat effect, which can ensure that the temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 is increased to not less than 1050°C, so that the volatile matter (multi-component gas) can pass downward through the high-temperature area of ​​the carbon layer, and the tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature. The compounds with larger molecular weight are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weight and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and some other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower. In this way, the above-mentioned biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 is simplified in structure, can be convenient for controlling the cracking temperature, has high heating efficiency, and can save energy consumption.

[0117] It should be explained that molten salt is the abbreviation of molten salt, which generally refers to a molten liquid formed by the melting of salt substances, and is an ionic melt composed of cations and anions. Compared with general molten salts, high-temperature molten salts have the characteristics of higher boiling point, better stability and better thermal conductivity. Specifically in this embodiment, the high-temperature molten salt is a ternary mixture of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt is 1250°C. The high-temperature molten salt is continuously heated by the electric heating rod 320 to ensure that the center temperature of the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is increased to not less than 1050°C. Specifically, the high-temperature molten salt is a ternary mixture of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride.

[0118] In one embodiment, the electric heating rod 320 is a nickel-chromium alloy electric heating tube. In this way, the high temperature strength is higher than that of iron-chromium-aluminum, it is not easy to deform under high temperature use, its structure is not easy to change, it has good plasticity, it is easy to repair, it has high emissivity, is non-magnetic, has strong corrosion resistance, and has a long service life.

[0119] In one embodiment, see Fig. 20 and Fig.21The biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 further includes a heat-insulating sleeve 330. The heat-insulating sleeve 330 is sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction vessel 310. In this way, the heat-insulating sleeve 330 surrounds the outer wall of the reaction vessel 310, which can prevent the heat generated by the electric heating rod 320 during the heating process from being lost to the outside through the outer wall of the reaction vessel 310 as much as possible, which is conducive to the gradual increase of the temperature in the reaction vessel 310, that is, it plays a role in saving energy and improving heating efficiency.

[0120] For further information, please refer to Fig. 20 and Fig.21 A support ring 340 is arranged around the bottom of the outer wall of the reaction container 310, and the bottom end of the thermal insulation sleeve 330 is arranged on the support ring 340. In this way, the support ring 340 supports the thermal insulation sleeve 330, and can ensure that the thermal insulation sleeve 330 is stably sleeved on the outer wall of the reaction container 310.

[0121] For further information, see Fig. 20 and Fig. 22 The top of the reaction vessel 310 is provided with a feed port 312, and the bottom of the reaction vessel 310 is provided with a discharge port 313. The side wall of the reaction vessel 310 includes a straight section 314 and a funnel section 315 connected below the straight section 314. The funnel section 315 is used to gather the material to the discharge port 313. The thermal insulation sleeve 330 is correspondingly fitted on the outer side wall of the reaction vessel 310.

[0122] In one embodiment, see Fig. 22 The biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 further includes a heat insulation board 350. The heat insulation board 350 is laid on the top wall of the reaction container 310. In this way, the heat insulation board 350 can prevent the heat generated by the electric heating rod 320 during the heating process from being lost to the outside through the top wall of the reaction container 310 as much as possible, which is conducive to the gradual increase of the temperature in the reaction container 310, that is, it plays a role in saving energy and improving heating efficiency.

[0123] In one embodiment, please refer to Fig. 20 and Fig.21, a plurality of the electric heating rods 320 are arranged in the accommodating cavity 311 at equal intervals. A plurality of insertion ports 316 corresponding to the plurality of the electric heating rods 320 are arranged at the top of the side wall of the reaction vessel 310, and the power connection end of the electric heating rod 320 is arranged at the insertion port 316. In this way, on the one hand, it is convenient to install the electric heating rod 320 in the accommodating cavity 311 of the reaction vessel 310, that is, directly extend the tube end of the electric heating rod 320 through the insertion port 316 into the accommodating cavity 311, and fix the power connection end of the electric heating rod 320 at the insertion port 316 and connect it to an external power source, so that the installation operation is relatively convenient; on the other hand, since the power connection end of the electric heating rod 320 is located at the insertion port 316, it is not adversely affected by the high temperature during the heating process, and it is convenient to be electrically connected to an external power source.

[0124] In one embodiment, please refer to Fig. 22 The side wall of the reaction container 310 includes an inner shell 317 and an outer shell 318. The outer shell 318 is sleeved outside the inner shell 317, and the top and bottom of the outer shell 318 are both sealed with the outer wall of the inner shell 317, and the outer shell 318 and the inner shell 317 are spaced apart to form the accommodating cavity 311. Specifically, the outer shell 318 and the inner shell 317 are both stainless steel sleeves, which can withstand high temperatures and are not easily deformed by heat.

[0125] In one embodiment, a biomass oil-gas phase transition method comprises the following steps:

[0126] The electric heating rod 320 is energized to heat the high-temperature molten salt in the accommodating chamber 311, so that the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is not less than 500°C; the reaction vessel 310 is preheated to not less than 500°C in advance, and then receives the biochar that has undergone high-temperature thermal cracking, and continuously heats it through the electric heating rod 320 so that the temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 31010 is raised to not less than 1050°C, so that the volatile matter (multi-component gas) can pass downward through the high-temperature area of ​​the carbon layer, and the tar undergoes deep cracking at a higher temperature, and the compounds with larger molecular weight are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weight and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and some other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower.

[0127] The product after high-temperature thermal cracking by the conveying and heating device 20 is conveyed to the reaction container 310; the electric heating rod 320 is continuously energized to heat the biochar in the reaction container 310, and the high-temperature molten salt in the containing cavity 311 is in a boiling state, wherein the boiling point of the high-temperature molten salt is not less than 1050°C.

[0128] In the above-mentioned biomass oil and gas phase change method, during the process of the reaction vessel 310 receiving the biochar obtained by high-temperature thermal cracking, the multiple electric heating rods 320 are controlled to heat synchronously, and the high-temperature molten salt is dissolved by heat until it boils. The temperature of the high-temperature molten salt remains unchanged when it is in a boiling state. For example, the boiling point of the selected high-temperature molten salt is 1250°C, and the biochar in the reaction vessel 310 is continuously heated. The pressure of the biochar increases and thus a decomposition heat effect is generated, which can ensure that the temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 is increased to not less than 1050°C. In this way, the volatile matter (multi-component gas) can pass downward through the high-temperature area of ​​the carbon layer, and the tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature. The compounds with larger molecular weight are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weight and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and some other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower.

[0129] In one embodiment, the electric heating rod 320 is continuously powered on to heat the biochar in the reaction vessel 310, so that the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to be 1050°C to 1200°C. When the temperature in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to be 1050°C to 1200°C, the secondary cracking temperature of the biochar is reached, the tar undergoes deep cracking at this temperature, and the compounds with larger molecular weight are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weight and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower. The effect of the biomass oil and gas phase change in the temperature range of 1050°C to 1200°C is better. In addition, there is no need to continue to increase the temperature in the reaction vessel 310, which can greatly save energy. Specifically, in order to achieve the temperature control of the reaction vessel 310 to 1050°C to 1200°C, the boiling point of the selected high-temperature molten salt is specifically 1250°C, 1220°C, 1280°C or 1300°C. The high temperature molten salt is specifically a mixture of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the boiling point of the high temperature molten salt can reach 1250° C. It can be understood that when the proportions of barium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride are different, the boiling point of the high temperature molten salt is slightly different, but by adjusting the proportions of the three, the boiling point of the high temperature molten salt can be controlled to be above 1200° C.

[0130] Furthermore, the electric heating rod 320 is continuously energized to heat the biochar in the reaction vessel 310. The temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to rise to not less than 1050°C by, for example, controlling the flow rate of the high-temperature thermal cracking biochar added to the reaction vessel 310 and, for example, controlling the heating power of each electric heating rod 320. This allows the volatile matter (multi-component gas) to pass downward through the high-temperature area of ​​the carbon layer, and the tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature. Compounds with larger molecular weights are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weights and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and some other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower.

[0131] Furthermore, the electric heating rod 320 is continuously energized to heat the biochar in the reaction vessel 310. The temperature of the central part of the carbon layer in the reaction vessel 310 is controlled to rise to not less than 1100°C by, for example, controlling the flow rate of the high-temperature thermal cracking biochar added to the reaction vessel 310 and, for example, controlling the heating power of each electric heating rod 320. This allows the volatile matter (multi-component gas) to pass downward through the high-temperature area of ​​the carbon layer, and the tar is deeply cracked at a higher temperature. Compounds with larger molecular weights are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weights and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and some other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower.

[0132] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 , Figure 23 to Figure 28 The dust removal device includes an active axial flow settling dust removal tower 70. The active axial flow settling dust removal tower 70 includes a tower body 71, a fan blade 72 and a driving mechanism 73. The bottom of the tower body 71 is provided with an air inlet 711, the top of the tower body 71 is provided with an air outlet 712, and the fan blade 72 is rotatably arranged in the tower body 71 and located in the middle of the tower body 71; the power shaft 731 of the driving mechanism 73 is connected to the fan blade 72, and the wind direction generated by the driving mechanism 73 driving the fan blade 72 to rotate is toward the bottom of the tower body 71.

[0133] In this way, the non-condensable gas is introduced into the tower body 71 through the air inlet 711. When the non-condensable gas enters the tower body 71, its volume expands instantly, thereby greatly reducing the flow rate. Some large-particle carbon powder mixed in the non-condensable gas falls back to the bottom of the tower body 71 due to its own weight, and will be promptly transported to the carbon bin 40 by the biochar conveying assembly 80 at the bottom of the tower body 71. In addition, when the non-condensable gas is introduced into the tower body 71 through the air inlet 711, the fan blade 72 is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism 73 at the same time. When the fan blade 72 rotates, The centrifugal force toward the bottom of the tower body 71 is equivalent to forming a wind curtain barrier in the middle of the tower body 71. When the small particles of carbon powder hit the fan blades 72, they cannot pass through the wind curtain barrier and are centrifugally thrown to the side wall of the tower body 71, and then fall to the bottom of the tower body 71 with the wind generated by the rotation of the fan blades 72, and will be promptly transported to the carbon bin 40 by the conveying device at the bottom of the tower body 71; on the other hand, when the fan blades 72 rotate, the flow rate of the non-condensable gas can be reduced, which is conducive to the carbon powder falling back to the bottom of the tower body 71 under the action of its own gravity.

[0134] In one embodiment, the biomass thermal cracking device further includes a biochar conveying assembly 80. The biochar conveying assembly 80 is provided with a third feed port 811, an exhaust port 812 and a discharge port 813, the discharge port 313 of the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor 30 is connected to the third feed port 811 of the biochar conveying assembly 80, the discharge port 813 is connected to the feed port 41 of the charcoal bin 40, and the exhaust port 812 is connected to the air inlet 711 of the tower body 71.

[0135] The charcoal powder and non-condensable gas obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis are discharged into the biochar conveying assembly 80 through the discharge port 313 of the reactor, wherein the charcoal powder is discharged into the charcoal bin 40 through the discharge port 813 of the biochar conveying assembly 80 under the conveying action of the biochar conveying assembly 80. Since the charcoal bin 40 is a closed bin structure, the non-condensable gas can only be discharged into the tower body 71 through the exhaust port 812 of the biochar conveying assembly 80.

[0136] Generally, the larger the distance between the fan blade 72 and the air inlet 711 and the air outlet 712 , the larger the vertical drop, and the better the sedimentation effect of the carbon powder in the tower body 71 .

[0137] Specifically, the fan blades 72 are rotatably disposed in the tower body 71 and are located at a half height position, a third height position, or a two-third height position of the tower body 71 .

[0138] In one embodiment, the distance between the fan blade 72 and the air inlet 711 is 60 cm to 100 cm. The distance between the fan blade 72 and the air outlet 712 is 60 cm to 100 cm. In this way, the non-condensable gas has a better settling effect in the tower body 71, and there is no need to further increase the height of the tower body 71, which will increase the equipment volume and cost.

[0139] Generally, the rate of obtaining non-condensable gas by high-temperature thermal cracking in the reactor is 0.2 m3 / min to 0.5 m3 / min, that is, the rate of non-condensable gas entering the tower body 71 is 0.2 m3 / min to 0.5 m3 / min.

[0140] In one embodiment, the rotation speed of the fan blade 72 is controlled to be 2 r / s to 20 r / s. A gap or contact fit is provided between the outer edge of the fan blade 72 and the inner wall of the tower body 71, and the axial surface of the tower body 71 is a circular surface. In this way, the fan blade 72 can play a good blocking role on the carbon powder, and the dust removal effect is better. On the other hand, the rotation speed of the fan blade 72 is not too large to affect the non-condensable gas passing through and discharging outward. Specifically, the rotation speed of the fan blade 72 is controlled to be 5 r / s to 8 r / s. At this time, when the outward discharge rate of the non-condensable gas is not greatly affected, it plays a good blocking role on the carbon powder and the dust removal effect is better.

[0141] The diameter of the inner wall of the tower body 71 is specifically 15 cm to 25 cm.

[0142] In addition, three, four, five, six or eight blades 72 may be arranged at intervals on the power shaft 731 of the driving mechanism 73, that is, when the power shaft 731 rotates, several blades 72 are driven to rotate synchronously, thereby having a better blocking effect on the carbon powder.

[0143] In one embodiment, the driving mechanism 73 is a motor, which is installed on the top of the tower body 71. The power shaft 731 penetrates the top wall of the tower body 71 and extends into the tower body 71. Specifically, the top wall of the tower body 71 is provided with an interface 713 for the power shaft 731 to pass through, and a first flange 6193 is provided at the interface 713, and the motor is provided with a second flange 14 that is matched and connected with the first flange 6193.

[0144] For further information, see Fig.25 and Fig.26, a third bearing 74 is arranged in the tower body 71. The third bearing 74 is connected to the inner side wall of the tower body 71 through a connecting rod 75, and the end of the power shaft 731 is rotatably arranged on the third bearing 74. In this way, through the support of the power shaft 731 by the third bearing 74, the power shaft 731 can be more stably arranged in the tower body 71. Specifically, in order to increase the stability of the third bearing 74, the third bearing 74 is connected to the inner side wall of the tower body 71 through, for example, three connecting rods 75 arranged at intervals.

[0145] In one embodiment, see Fig.25 and Fig.26 , the tower body 71 includes a first sub-tower body 714 and a second sub-tower body 715 which are detachably connected. The first sub-tower body 714 is arranged above the second sub-tower body 715. The fan blade 72 is located in the first sub-tower body 714. In this way, when it is necessary to clean the inner side wall of the tower body 71, the first sub-tower body 714 and the second sub-tower body 715 can be disassembled, and then the inner side walls of the first sub-tower body 714 and the second sub-tower body 715 are cleaned accordingly, so that the cleaning operation of the inner side walls of the first sub-tower body 714 and the second sub-tower body 715 is more convenient and feasible. In addition, the carbon powder on the inner side wall of the second sub-tower body 715 is more than that of the first tower body 71, and the second sub-tower body 715 is the main cleaning object. Since the fan blade 72 is located in the first sub-tower body 714, it is convenient to clean the second sub-tower body 715. Specifically, the first tower sub-body 714 and the second tower sub-body 715 are both connected with the fourth flange 716 . After the two fourth flanges 716 are connected, the connection between the first tower sub-body 714 and the second tower sub-body 715 can be achieved.

[0146] Furthermore, the biochar conveying assembly 80 includes a third conveying pipe 81 and a fourth screw shaft 82. The fourth screw shaft 82 is rotatably disposed in the third conveying pipe 81. The third feed port 811, the exhaust port 812 and the discharge port 813 are all disposed on the third conveying pipe 81, and the fourth screw shaft 82 is used to push the carbon powder at the third feed port 811 and the exhaust port 812 to the discharge port 813 when rotating. The third feed port 811 is located between the discharge port 813 and the exhaust port 812.

[0147] In this way, after the charcoal powder is discharged into the charcoal bin 40 through the discharge port 813 of the biochar conveying assembly 80 under the conveying action of the biochar conveying assembly 80, it is pushed to the discharge port 813 under the rotation action of the screw shaft and enters the charcoal bin 40. In addition, the charcoal powder that falls back to the bottom of the tower body 71 enters the third conveying pipe 81 through the exhaust port 812, and is also pushed to the discharge port 813 under the rotation action of the fourth screw shaft 82, which is beneficial to the recovery and processing of the charcoal powder without adding an additional charcoal bin 40.

[0148] Furthermore, the third feed port 811 is located between the discharge port 813 and the exhaust port 812. Since the third feed port 811 is located between the discharge port 813 and the exhaust port 812, the carbon powder falling from the reactor into the third conveying pipe 81 is directly pushed to the discharge port 813 by the fourth screw shaft 82, and does not pass through the exhaust port 812, which is conducive to the recovery of the carbon powder.

[0149] Furthermore, the feed port 41 of the charcoal bin 40 and the discharge port of the charcoal bin 40 are both provided with a switch valve 42, there are two charcoal bins 40, and there are two discharge ports 813 of the third conveying pipe 81, and the two charcoal bins 40 are provided correspondingly to the two discharge ports 813. The two charcoal bins 40 can keep the reactor and the inside of the third conveying pipe 81 isolated from the outside world by opening and closing the switch valves 42 at the feed port 41 and the discharge port, so as to achieve continuous discharge. Specifically, when one of the charcoal bins 40 is filled with charcoal powder, the switch valve 42 at the feed port 41 of the charcoal bin 40 is closed, and the switch valve 42 at the discharge port of the charcoal bin 40 can be opened to discharge charcoal powder, and at the same time, the switch valve 42 at the feed port 41 of the other charcoal bin 40 is opened, and the switch valve 42 at the discharge port of the other charcoal bin 40 is closed.

[0150] The combustible gas after the dust removal treatment by the active axial flow settling dust removal tower 70 still contains a small amount of biochar powder. In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The dust removal device also includes a water film dust collector 90. The gas outlet 712 of the tower body 71 is connected to the water film dust collector 90, and the combustible gas after dust removal by the water film dust collector 90 is passed into the gas collection device. In this way, the water film dust collector 90 can remove the biochar powder mixed in the combustible gas as much as possible, and the dust removal effect is better.

[0151] In order to achieve a better dust removal effect on the combustible gas, further, there are more than two water film dust collectors 90, and the more than two water film dust collectors 90 are arranged in series. In this way, after the combustible gas passes through the more than two water film dust collectors 90 for dust removal, a better dust removal effect can be achieved, so that there is basically no mixed biochar powder in the combustible gas.

[0152] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 29 to Figure 32The water film dust collector 90 includes a tank body 910 and a partition 920. The tank body 910 is provided with an air inlet 911 and an air outlet 912. The partition 920 is arranged in the tank body 910, and the partition 920 divides the tank body 910 into a first receiving chamber 913 communicating with the air inlet 911 and a second receiving chamber 914 communicating with the air outlet 912. The top of the partition 920 is sealedly connected to the top wall of the tank body 910, and the two side portions of the partition 920 are sealedly connected to the side walls of the tank body 910, and the bottom of the partition 920 is provided with a channel 915 for connecting the first receiving chamber 913 and the second receiving chamber 914.

[0153] The above-mentioned water film dust collector 90, please refer to Figure 29 to Figure 31 When in use, a preset amount of water is placed in the tank 910, and the gas containing dust (such as fine carbon powder) is introduced into the first holding chamber 913 through the air inlet 911. As the gas is gradually introduced, the pressure in the first holding chamber 913 gradually increases and the water in the first holding chamber 913 is gradually pushed into the second holding chamber 914. The gas bypasses the partition 920 and passes through the water layer to enter the second holding chamber 914 and is discharged outward through the air outlet 912. The gas is filtered by the water in the process of passing through the water layer. Since the gas is directly introduced into the first holding chamber 913 through the air inlet 911, instead of inserting the gas delivery pipe below the water surface, the undesirable phenomenon of pipe blockage can be avoided, thereby greatly improving work efficiency.

[0154] In one embodiment, see Fig.32The water film dust collector 90 also includes a pipeline assembly 930 and a valve assembly 940. There are more than two tanks 910 and more than two partitions 920, and the more than two partitions 920 are arranged in the more than two tanks 910 in a one-to-one correspondence. The more than two tanks 910 are arranged in parallel through the pipeline assembly 930. The valve assembly 940 is arranged on the pipeline assembly 930, and the valve assembly 940 has at least two working states. When the valve assembly 940 switches the working state, it is used to control the air inlet 911 and the air outlet 912 of at least one tank 910 to be connected or disconnected with the gas input device and the gas collection device respectively. In this way, when the water layer inside one of the tank bodies 910 needs to be replaced due to excessive dust content or excessive water temperature, the working state is switched by the valve assembly 940, and the air inlet 911 and the air outlet 912 of the tank body 910 are controlled to be disconnected and separated from the gas input device and the gas collection device respectively, and the air inlet 911 and the air outlet 912 of the other tank body 910 are controlled to be connected to the gas input device and the gas collection device respectively. In this way, the gas input device can continuously input the gas to be dusted into the tank body 910, and at the same time, the tank body 910 disconnected and separated from the gas input device and the gas collection device can be replaced with water, replenished with water, or cleaned and maintained. The tank body 910 disconnected and separated from the gas input device and the gas collection device will not affect the dust removal operation of the gas by other tank bodies 910 during, for example, the water replacement process.

[0155] Specifically, see Fig.32 , the tank body 910 and the partition 920 are both two, and the pipe assembly 930 includes a first pipe 931, a second pipe 932, a third pipe 933 and a fourth pipe 934. One end of the first pipe 931 and one end of the second pipe 932 are respectively connected to the air inlet 911 of the two tank bodies 910, and the other end of the first pipe 931 and the other end of the second pipe 932 are both connected to the gas input device. One end of the third pipe 933 and one end of the fourth pipe 934 are respectively used to be connected to the air outlet 912 of the two tank bodies 910, and the other end of the third pipe 933 and the other end of the fourth pipe 934 are both used to be connected to the gas collection device. The valve assembly 940 includes a first valve 941, a second valve 942, a third valve 943 and a fourth valve 944. The first valve 941 , the second valve 942 , the third valve 943 and the fourth valve 944 are respectively disposed on the first pipe 931 , the second pipe 932 , the third pipe 933 and the fourth pipe 934 .

[0156] In this way, when one of the tank bodies 910 needs to perform dust removal work, the first valve 941 and the third valve 943 corresponding to the tank body 910 are opened, and the second valve 942 and the fourth valve 944 corresponding to the other tank body 910 remain closed, and the other tank body 910 is disconnected and separated from the gas input device and the gas collection device respectively, and remains in the dust removal stop working state. While in the dust removal stop working state, water replacement, water replenishment or cleaning and maintenance can be performed, for example; when the water layer inside the tank body 910 performing dust removal work needs to be replaced because of excessive dust content or excessive water temperature, the first valve 941 and the third valve 943 are closed so that the tank body 910 in the working state stops working and can perform corresponding water replacement, and the second valve 942 and the fourth valve 944 are opened simultaneously so that the other tank body 910 is connected to the gas input device and the gas collection device respectively, and the other tank body 910 is switched to the dust removal working state, so that the gas input device can continuously input the gas to be dusted into the tank body 910, and the working efficiency is high. On the contrary, when another tank body 910 needs to be replaced with water, the second valve 942 and the fourth valve 944 corresponding to the other tank body 910 are closed, and the first valve 941 and the third valve 943 are opened. The principle is similar and will not be repeated.

[0157] Generally, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas is about 145°C. After the pyrolysis gas is input into the tank body 910 by the gas input device, it can be filtered and washed by the water layer on the one hand, and can also be cooled by the water layer on the other hand. After a period of time, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas filtered and washed by the water layer will rise to a set range (for example, 40°C to 60°C, and the temperature range is adjusted according to actual conditions). When it reaches the set range, water replacement must be performed, otherwise a large amount of water vapor will be mixed in the filtered gas. In one embodiment, the water film dust collector 90 also includes a controller. A temperature detector is provided in the tank body 910, and the temperature detector is used to detect whether the working water temperature in the tank body 910 reaches the set range. The controller is electrically connected to the temperature detector and the valve assembly 940 respectively, and the controller is used to control the valve assembly 940 to switch the working state according to the working water temperature. In this way, when the tank body 910 is in the dust removal process, when the temperature detector in the tank body 910 detects that the water temperature reaches the set range, the controller controls the valve assembly 940 to switch the working state accordingly. After the valve assembly 940 switches the working state, the tank body 910 in the dust removal working state can stop the dust removal work, and the tank body 910 can be replaced with water, thereby preventing the water temperature in the tank body 910 from exceeding the set range. In addition, the other tank body 910 starts the dust removal work synchronously to ensure that the gas input device does not stop. In addition, the water film dust collector 90 has a high degree of automation, which can save manpower and material resources and reduce costs.

[0158] In one embodiment, the water film dust collector 90 further includes a controller. A dust concentration detector is provided in the tank body 910, and the dust concentration detector is used to detect whether the dust content of the water in the tank body 910 reaches a set range. The controller is electrically connected to the dust concentration detector and the valve assembly 940 respectively, and the controller is used to control the valve assembly 940 to switch the working state according to the dust content of the water. In this way, when the dust concentration detector in the tank body 910 detects that the water temperature reaches the set range during the dust removal process of the tank body 910, the controller controls the valve assembly 940 to switch the working state accordingly. After the valve assembly 940 switches the working state, the tank body 910 in the dust removal working state can stop the dust removal work, and the tank body 910 can be treated with water replacement, so as to avoid the dust content of the water in the tank body 910 exceeding the set range to ensure a better dust removal effect. In addition, another tank body 910 starts the dust removal work synchronously to ensure that the gas input device does not stop. In addition, the water film dust collector 90 has a high degree of automation, which can save manpower and material resources and reduce costs.

[0159] In one embodiment, a display is provided on the outside of the tank body 910. The display is electrically connected to the controller, and the display is used to display the working water temperature in real time, and / or the dust content of the water in real time. In this way, the staff can better understand the working water temperature and the dust content of the water in the tank body 910 according to the display, and can actively perform some operations on the tank body 910, such as manually opening the switch valve 42 of the water replenishment port 916 to perform water replenishment operations, or adjusting the speed of the gas introduced into the tank body 910 by the gas input device, etc.

[0160] In one embodiment, the water film dust collector 90 further includes an alarm. The alarm can be specifically arranged on the tank body 910. The alarm is electrically connected to the controller. The controller is also used to control the alarm to perform a warning action according to the working water temperature and / or the dust content of the water. In this way, when the working water temperature in the tank body 910 reaches a preset range, and / or the dust content of the water reaches a preset range, the alarm is used to warn the staff, and the staff can take corresponding measures in time.

[0161] In one embodiment, please refer to Fig.29, a water replenishment port 916 is provided at the top of the tank body 910, and a sewage outlet 917 is provided at the bottom of the tank body 910. Both the water replenishment port 916 and the sewage outlet 917 are provided with switch valves. In this way, by opening the switch valve of the water replenishment port 916, a preset amount of water can be added to the tank body 910, and the tank body 910 can also be replenished with water during the dust removal process of the tank body 910 so that the water in the tank body 910 is maintained within a preset range. In addition, when the dust removal of the tank body 910 is completed, the water containing dust in the tank body 910 can be discharged to the outside by opening the switch valve of the sewage outlet 917. After the water in the tank body 910 is completely drained, the switch valve is closed, and water is added to the tank body 910 through the water replenishment port 916 to achieve water replacement of the tank body 910.

[0162] Generally speaking, when there is too little water in the tank body 910, a good dust removal effect on the gas cannot be guaranteed; when there is too much water in the tank body 910, during the dust removal process, the gas will completely push the water in the first holding chamber 913 into the second holding chamber 914, and push the water in the second holding chamber 914 out of the tank body 910 through the air outlet 912, thereby affecting the dust removal operation of the tank body 910.

[0163] In one embodiment, the water film dust collector 90 further includes a controller and a first water level detector. The first water level detector is used to detect whether the initial water level in the tank body 910 is within a first preset range (set according to actual conditions). The controller is electrically connected to the first water level detector and the switch valve respectively, and the water replenishment port 916 is used to communicate with the water source providing device. The controller is used to control the opening and closing of the switch valve of the water replenishment port 916 according to the initial water level in the tank body 910. In the process of adding water to the tank body 910, when the first water level detector detects that the initial water level is lower than the first preset range, the controller controls the switch valve of the water replenishment port 916 to remain open, and the water source providing device continues to add water to the tank body 910 so that the initial water level is within the first preset range; when the first water level detector detects that the initial water level in the tank body 910 is within the first preset range, the switch valve of the water replenishment port 916 is controlled to be closed. In this way, when adding water into the tank body 910, there is no need to manually determine whether the water in the tank body 910 is within the first preset range. The degree of automation is high, and automatic water replacement and dust removal can be achieved, saving manpower and material resources.

[0164] In one embodiment, the water film dust collector 90 further includes a controller and a second water level detector. The second water level detector is used to detect whether the working water level in the tank body 910 is within a second preset range (set according to actual conditions). The controller is electrically connected to the second water level detector and the switch valve, respectively, and the water replenishment port 916 is used to communicate with a water source providing device. The controller is used to control the opening and closing of the switch valve of the water replenishment port 916 according to the working water level in the tank body 910. When the tank body 910 is undergoing dust removal, the gas will take away part of the water in the tank body 910, and as the temperature of the water in the tank body 910 gradually increases, more and more water in the tank body 910 will be taken away, thereby causing the water level in the tank body 910 to decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to replenish water to the tank body 910 in time to ensure the dust removal effect. Since the second water level detector can detect in real time whether the working water level in the tank body 910 is within the second preset range, and when it is detected that the working water level is lower than the second preset range, the controller controls the switch valve of the water supply port 916 to open accordingly, and the water source supply device continues to add water to the tank body 910 so that the working water level is within the second preset range; when the second water level detector detects that the working water level in the tank body 910 is within the second preset range, the switch valve of the water supply port 916 is controlled to close. In this way, when water is added to the tank body 910, there is no need to manually judge whether the water in the tank body 910 is within the second preset range, the degree of automation is high, and automatic water replacement and dust removal can be realized, saving manpower and material resources.

[0165] Further, as an optional solution, a water level display meter can be provided on the outside of the tank body 910, and the water level display meter is electrically connected to the controller. The water level display meter is used to display the initial water level and the working water level in the tank body 910 in real time. In this way, the staff can better understand the water level in the tank body 910 according to the water level display meter, and can actively perform some operations on the tank body 910, such as manually opening the switch valve of the water replenishment port 916 to perform water replenishment operations, or adjusting the speed of the gas introduced into the tank body 910 by the gas input device, etc.

[0166] In one embodiment, the bottom of the partition 920 is spaced apart from the bottom wall of the tank body 910 to form the channel 915 ; or, a water hole is provided at the bottom of the partition 920 , and the water hole forms the channel 915 .

[0167] In one embodiment, a method for preparing combustible gas comprises the following steps:

[0168] Step S100, sequentially subjecting the biomass raw material to dehydration treatment, primary cracking treatment and carbonization treatment;

[0169] Step S200, subjecting the carbonized product to secondary cracking treatment;

[0170] Step S300, performing dust removal on the combustible gas after the secondary cracking treatment;

[0171] Step S400: collecting and treating the combustible gas after the dust removal process.

[0172] The above-mentioned method for preparing combustible gas has a technical effect similar to that of a biomass thermal cracking device, and can efficiently carbonize biomass raw materials to obtain combustible gas.

[0173] Furthermore, step S100 is specifically as follows:

[0174] The first stage: dehydration stage (room temperature ~ 100°C), during which the biomass raw materials undergo physical changes, mainly losing water;

[0175] After dehydration, the raw materials enter the second stage: the main thermal cracking stage (100℃~380℃). In this stage, the biomass is thermally decomposed under oxygen-deficient conditions. As the temperature continues to rise, various volatiles are precipitated accordingly, and most of the raw materials lose their quality. Although the material reaches the ignition point, it cannot burn due to lack of oxygen, and no gas phase flame can appear;

[0176] After the raw material is cracked, it enters the third stage: the carbonization stage (>400°C). The decomposition in this stage is very slow, and the mass loss is much smaller than that in the second stage. This stage is usually the further cracking of CC bonds and CH bonds. As the deep volatiles diffuse to the outer layer, biochar is eventually formed. In this way, the biochar obtained by high-temperature thermal cracking generally carries a large amount of volatiles into the reaction vessel 310.

[0177] In one embodiment, in step S200, the temperature of the secondary cracking treatment of the product after carbonization treatment is controlled to be not less than 1050°C, so that the volatile matter (multi-component gas) can pass downward through the high-temperature area of ​​the carbon layer, and the tar undergoes deep cracking at a higher temperature. The compounds with larger molecular weight are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weight and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and some other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower.

[0178] In one embodiment, the temperature in step S200 is controlled to be 1050°C to 1200°C. In this way, the secondary cracking temperature of biochar is reached, and the tar undergoes deep cracking at this temperature. Compounds with larger molecular weights are converted into gaseous compounds with smaller molecular weights and other products through bond breaking dehydrogenation, dealkylation and other free radical reactions and enter the dust removal tower. The effect of biomass oil and gas phase change is better within the temperature range of 1050°C to 1200°C. In addition, there is no need to continue to increase the temperature in the reaction vessel 310, which can greatly save energy.

[0179] In one embodiment, after step S200, step S250 is further included to collect and process the biochar after the secondary pyrolysis treatment through the charcoal bin 40.

[0180] Furthermore, in step S250 , the biochar after the secondary pyrolysis treatment is cooled and then sent into the charcoal bin 40 .

[0181] Furthermore, in step S300, the specific method for performing dust removal on the combustible gas includes the following steps:

[0182] First, the combustible gas is introduced into the tower body 71 of the active axial flow settling dust removal tower 70 through the air inlet 911. When the combustible gas enters the tower body 71, its volume expands instantly, thereby greatly reducing the flow rate. Some large particles of carbon powder mixed in the combustible gas fall back to the bottom of the tower body 71 due to their own weight, and will be promptly transported to the carbon bin 40 by the biochar conveying assembly 80 at the bottom of the tower body 71. In addition, when the combustible gas is introduced into the tower body 71 through the air inlet 711, the fan blade 72 is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism 73 at the same time, and the fan blade 72 When rotating, a centrifugal force is generated toward the bottom of the tower body 71, which is equivalent to forming a wind curtain barrier in the middle of the tower body 71. When the small particles of carbon powder hit the fan blades 72, they cannot pass through the wind curtain barrier and are centrifugally thrown toward the side wall of the tower body 71, and then fall to the bottom of the tower body 71 with the wind generated by the rotation of the fan blades 72, and will be promptly transported to the carbon bin 40 by the conveying device at the bottom of the tower body 71; on the other hand, when the fan blades 72 rotate, the flow rate of the combustible gas can be reduced, which is conducive to the carbon powder falling back to the bottom of the tower body 71 under the action of its own gravity;

[0183] The combustible gas after the dust removal treatment by the active axial flow settling dust removal tower 70 is then introduced into the water film dust collector 90, and the combustible gas is further dusted by the water film dust collector 90. The water film dust collector 90 can remove the biochar powder mixed in the combustible gas as much as possible, and the dust removal effect is better.

[0184] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0185] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A biomass thermal cracking device, characterized in that: include: A raw material silo, wherein the raw material silo is used to store biomass raw materials; A conveying and heating device, the conveying and heating device is used to receive the biomass raw material from the raw material silo and convey the biomass raw material to the next workstation, the conveying and heating device comprises a dehydration reaction part, a cracking reaction part and a carbonization reaction part which are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the biomass raw material; A biomass oil and gas phase change reactor, which is used to receive the product output from the carbonization reaction unit and perform secondary cracking treatment on the product, wherein the product includes biochar, tar and non-condensable gas; A dust removal device and a gas collection device, wherein the dust removal device is used to receive the combustible gas outputted by the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor and perform dust removal treatment on the combustible gas, and the gas collection device is connected to the dust removal device and is used to collect and process the combustible gas after the dust removal treatment; A charcoal bin and a biochar conveying assembly, wherein the charcoal bin is used to receive and store the biochar output by the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor; the biochar conveying assembly is provided with a third feed inlet, an exhaust port and a discharge port, the discharge port of the biomass oil and gas phase change reactor is connected to the third feed inlet of the biochar conveying assembly, the discharge port is connected to the feed inlet of the charcoal bin, and the exhaust port is connected to the dust removal device; wherein an arch-breaking feeding assembly is provided in the raw material bin, and a first mounting port and a second mounting port are provided on the bottom side wall of the raw material bin, and the arch-breaking feeding assembly includes It includes a conveying cylinder, a second spiral shaft, a first pushing piece and a second pushing piece, one end of the conveying cylinder is installed at the first installation port, and the other end of the conveying cylinder is installed at the second installation port. A window is opened on the side wall of the conveying cylinder, and the second spiral shaft is rotatably arranged in the conveying cylinder and is used to transport the biomass raw materials in the conveying cylinder to the conveying and heating device; the first pushing piece and the second pushing piece are respectively rotatably arranged on both sides of the window, and the first pushing piece and the second pushing piece can push the material into the window during the process of rotating towards each other.

2. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a material conveying component arranged between the raw material silo and the conveying and heating device, the raw material silo includes a first raw material silo and a second raw material silo, the material conveying component includes a first conveying pipe, a first spiral shaft, a first switch valve and a second switch valve, the side wall of the first conveying pipe is provided with a first feed port corresponding to the discharge port of the first raw material silo, a second feed port corresponding to the discharge port of the second raw material silo and an discharge port corresponding to the feed port of the conveying and heating device, the first spiral shaft is rotatably arranged in the first conveying pipe; the first switch valve is arranged at the first feed port, and the second switch valve is arranged at the second feed port.

3. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arch-breaking feeding assembly also includes a first carrier plate and a second carrier plate; the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are both connected to the side wall of the conveying cylinder, and the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are respectively located on both sides of the window, and the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are both used to guide the material into the window.

4. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transport heating device comprises a second transport pipe, a first induction coil, a second induction coil and a third induction coil; a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber are sequentially arranged on the wall of the second transport pipe along the transport direction of the biomass raw material, the first chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber are respectively located in the dehydration reaction part, the cracking reaction part and the carbonization reaction part, and the first chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber are all used to load the metal heat exchange medium; The first induction coil, the second induction coil and the third induction coil are sequentially sleeved outside the second conveying pipe and are arranged one by one with the first chamber, the second chamber and the third chamber. When the first induction coil is energized, it is used to make the metal heat exchange medium in the first chamber heat up and melt. When the second induction coil is energized, it is used to make the metal heat exchange medium in the second chamber heat up and melt. When the third induction coil is energized, it is used to make the metal heat exchange medium in the third chamber heat up and melt.

5. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conveying and heating device also includes a third screw shaft rotatably sleeved in the second conveying pipe, and the third screw shaft is used to drive the biomass raw material to move from the dehydration reaction part to the carbonization reaction part when rotating.

6. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end surface of the first end of the third spiral shaft is provided with a socket along the axial direction of the third spiral shaft, the second end of the third spiral shaft is used to be connected to the power shaft, and the third spiral shaft is used to be rotatably arranged in the second conveying pipe; a heating tube is arranged in the socket, and a first end cover is provided at the end of the heating tube, and the first end cover is located outside the socket and is used to seal with the end of the second conveying pipe.

7. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass oil and gas phase change reactor includes a reaction container and an electric heating rod. The side wall of the reaction container is provided with a receiving cavity extending from the top of the side wall downward to the bottom of the side wall. There are multiple electric heating rods, and the multiple electric heating rods are arranged in the receiving cavity at circumferential intervals around the center of the reaction container. The receiving cavity is also used for injecting high-temperature molten salt.

8. The biomass thermal cracking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed port of the charcoal bin and the discharge port of the charcoal bin are both provided with switch valves, and there are two charcoal bins.

9. The biomass thermal cracking device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The dust removal device includes an active axial flow sedimentation dust removal tower and a water film dust collector. The active axial flow sedimentation dust removal tower includes a tower body, fan blades and a driving mechanism. An air inlet is provided at the bottom of the tower body, and an air outlet is provided at the top of the tower body. The fan blades are rotatably arranged in the tower body and are located in the middle of the tower body. The power shaft of the driving mechanism is connected to the fan blades, and the wind direction generated by the rotation of the fan blades driven by the driving mechanism is toward the bottom of the tower body. The air outlet of the tower body is connected to the water film dust collector, and the combustible gas after dust removal by the water film dust collector is passed into the gas collection device.

10. A method for preparing combustible gas, characterized in that: The biomass thermal cracking device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, and the combustible gas preparation method comprises the following steps: The biomass raw materials are sequentially subjected to dehydration treatment, primary cracking treatment and carbonization treatment; The product after carbonization treatment is subjected to secondary cracking treatment; The combustible gas after the secondary cracking treatment is subjected to dust removal treatment; The combustible gas after dust removal is collected and treated.

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