Method for tightening a screw connection, corresponding electric machine and handheld machine tool

Abstract

A method for operating an electric machine, wherein the electric machine has a drive unit for transmitting a motion to a driven unit and an actuation unit for controlling or regulating the drive unit. It is proposed that at least two operating characteristic curves, in particular torque- or speed-actuation displacement-characteristic curves, are provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine, in particular the drive unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating an electric machine, a corresponding electric machine and a hand-held power tool. Background Art

[0002] DE 10 2010 040 497 B4 discloses a household appliance having at least one rotatable and / or translatable tool and an electric motor drive, wherein the household appliance has a device for sensing a load state of the tool and a control device, which is suitable for changing the power of the electric motor drive as a function of the measured load state, and a method for operating a household appliance having at least one electric motor-drivable tool. In this case, the device for sensing the load state of the tool is provided for determining a tool rotational speed or determining a current consumption of the electric motor drive. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to improve an electric machine by means of design-simple measures.

[0004] This object is achieved by a method for operating an electric machine, wherein the electric machine has a drive unit for transmitting a movement to an output unit and an actuation unit for controlling or regulating the drive unit.

[0005] According to the invention, at least two operating characteristic curves, in particular torque or speed-operated displacement characteristic curves, are provided for controlling or regulating an electric machine, in particular a drive unit.

[0006] During the operation of the electric machine, the drive unit is usually driven electrically, for example, in order to transmit a torque to the driven unit, in order to carry out a machining process, for example, by means of the torque acting on the driven unit, such as tightening a screw into a workpiece or tightening a nut onto a screw. In the case of a screw connection, for example, the screw should be screwed into the workpiece with a predetermined assembly torque in order to optimally hold the workpiece to be connected. If the assembly torque is too high or the power output of the drive unit is too strong or not matched, for example, the workpiece may be damaged, for example, by screwing the screw too deep or too obliquely into the workpiece, or the screw itself may be damaged, for example, by the nut of the screw being detached or disconnected from the threaded section of the screw.

[0007] In order to carry out an optimal machining process, for example, it may be expedient to control or regulate the drive unit in such a way that it is controlled or regulated as a function of at least two operating characteristic curves. In particular, the wear of the electric machine can be improved in this way.

[0008] The configuration according to the invention allows the electric machine to be particularly well controlled, so that better working results are achieved. In addition, the speed range can be metered particularly easily, for example, to control the "seating" of the electric machine on the screw and the screwing in of the screw particularly easily. In addition, the electric machine can be operated particularly easily.

[0009] In this context, a "drive unit" is to be understood in particular as a unit which is provided for generating at least one drive torque and transmitting it to a driven unit, in particular to an accessory tool. Advantageously, the electric machine has a drive unit. Particularly advantageously, the drive unit has at least one electric motor. The drive unit can have a drive shaft. The drive unit can be designed as an electronically commutated motor or a brush-commutated motor.

[0010] Alternatively or additionally, the electric machine can be designed without a motor, so that, for example, an apparatus such as a heat gun, a laser or a UV lamp can be configured with the aid of the features according to the invention.

[0011] An electric machine is to be understood in particular as a handheld power tool. Preferably, an electric machine can be understood as a domestic appliance.

[0012] The electric machine may have an electronics unit which is configured to control or regulate the drive unit. The electronics unit may be configured to provide the at least two operating characteristic curves. The electronics unit may have a memory unit for storing, for example, operating characteristic curves. The electronics unit may have a computing unit which is configured, for example, as a microcontroller. The electronics unit may be connected to the drive unit and / or the operating unit by means of lines, in particular data lines or power supply lines.

[0013] The operating characteristic curve can be formed by the torque or the rotational speed or the rotational speed. constitute.

[0014] Preferably, the actuating unit is mounted so as to be movable between a non-operating state or a first dead point and an actuating state or a second dead point. The displacement between the first dead point and the second dead point constitutes the actuating displacement of the actuating unit. The actuating unit can be designed analogously or steplessly or digitally. The actuating unit can have a plurality of gear steps or switching states, so that, for example, when the actuating displacement of the actuating unit is changed, a changed switching state, for example a higher or lower drive current, is connected to the drive unit.

[0015] Obviously, the drive unit is controlled or regulated as a function of the actuation displacement of the actuation unit.

[0016] Obviously, the operating unit can be operated or placed in an operated state by means of an operating force applied by an operator to the operating unit. Under the action of the operating force, the operating unit can be moved from a first dead point to a second dead point.

[0017] Preferably, the operating characteristic curve does not extend in a straight line or in a proportional manner. Preferably, the operating characteristic curve extends at least partially decreasing, regressing, increasing, constant and / or increasing to an upper limit.

[0018] It is also obvious that the operating characteristic curves may be at least substantially different. In particular, a first operating characteristic curve and a second operating characteristic curve may be provided. The second operating characteristic curve may start with a time delay after the first operating characteristic curve. The second operating characteristic curve may limit the first operating characteristic curve. The second operating characteristic curve may extend substantially similarly to the first operating characteristic curve. The second operating characteristic curve may intersect the first operating characteristic curve. The second operating characteristic curve may substantially have a smaller slope than the first operating characteristic curve.

[0019] The first and the second operating characteristic curve can have the same starting point in the non-operating state and / or at the beginning of an actuation process.

[0020] Furthermore, it is obvious that the operating characteristic curve may be formed from other physical values ​​which appear to be meaningful to a person skilled in the art and which allow particularly simple deduction of the torque of the drive unit and / or the rotational speed of the output unit or an actuation path of the actuation unit for actuating the drive unit.

[0021] Preferably, the drive unit is controlled or regulated by at least one of the operating characteristic curves. It may be expedient if the operating characteristic curve predetermines the drive of the drive unit.

[0022] In particular, an operating unit is provided for controlling or regulating the drive unit. The operating unit can control or regulate the drive unit in accordance with an operating characteristic curve. The operating characteristic curve can be provided by the electronics unit.

[0023] Preferably, the drive unit is provided for driving and / or setting in motion a driven unit of the electric machine - in particular directly or indirectly. The driven unit may have at least one accessory tool, such as a drill bit and / or a tool bit and / or a cutting disc and / or a grinding disc and / or a dividing disc or the like, and / or at least one tool receiver, such as a chuck and / or a saw blade receiver and / or a bit holder or the like. The driven unit may have a receiving unit for receiving at least one accessory tool. The driven unit may have a driven shaft.

[0024] An "operating unit" is to be understood here in particular as a unit having at least one component which can be directly operated by an operator and which is arranged to influence and / or change a process and / or a state of a unit coupled to the operating unit by operation and / or by input parameters. The operating unit may have an operating element. The operating element may be configured as an operating slide. The operating element may be configured as an operating key. The operating element may be configured as a force-dependent key, which is configured to control or adjust the drive unit by means of an operating force, for example when using a piezo switch. The operating element may be configured as an operating switch. An "operating element" is to be understood in particular as an element which is configured to receive input parameters from an operator during an operating process and which is in particular directly contacted by an operator, wherein the detection of a touch on the operating element and / or the detection of an operating force applied to the operating element and / or a mechanical transmission are used to operate a unit.

[0025] The present invention also proposes further suitable embodiments.

[0026] It may be expedient to provide at least three or more operating characteristic curves for controlling or regulating the electric machine, in particular the drive unit. Preferably, a large number of operating characteristic curves may be provided in order to simplify the machining process.

[0027] It may also be expedient if a linear actuation of the actuating unit, in particular of the actuating path of the actuating unit, results in an at least substantially non-linear operating characteristic.

[0028] Furthermore, it can be expedient if, in particular, at least one of the operating characteristic curves runs constantly, decreasingly, regressingly, increasingly or increasing to an upper limit.

[0029] As a result, the electric machine can be adapted particularly advantageously to the machining process in order to optimize the machining process.

[0030] It may also be suitable that the electric machine has a flow generating unit for passing a flow through the electric machine, wherein at least one further operating characteristic curve is provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine, in particular the flow generating unit. The flow generating unit may be configured as a cooling unit, which generates a fluid flow through the electric machine. The flow generating unit may be configured as a ventilation element. The flow generating unit may be arranged adjacent to the drive unit. The flow generating unit may be decoupled from the drive unit, in particular the drive movement of the drive unit. The flow generating unit may be controllable or adjustable independently of the drive unit. The further operating characteristic curve may, for example, follow the operating characteristic curve of the drive unit. The further operating characteristic curve may, for example, be staggered in time with the operating characteristic curve of the drive unit, in particular by means of a hysteresis element. As a result, it may be particularly simple to adjust, for example, the cooling of the electric machine and / or the drive unit independently of the drive unit, in particular the drive movement of the drive unit.

[0031] It can also be expedient for the electric machine to have a cleaning unit for cleaning the electric machine, wherein at least one further operating characteristic curve is provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine, in particular the cleaning unit. The cleaning unit can have a vibration element which is provided for transmitting vibrations to the electric machine or a part of the electric machine. Preferably, the vibration element can be provided for transmitting vibrations to a dust collection container of the electric machine. This makes it possible, for example, to shake off dust from a dust collection container or a dust filter connected to the dust collection container.

[0032] The further operating characteristic curve can, for example, follow the operating characteristic curve of the drive unit. The further operating characteristic curve can, for example, be offset in time with the operating characteristic curve of the drive unit. The further operating characteristic curve can be used for controlling or regulating the flow generating unit and / or the cleaning unit substantially when or after reaching the dead center of the actuating unit.

[0033] The further operating characteristic curve can be used for controlling or regulating the flow generating unit and / or the cleaning unit, for example after a certain period of time or after an operating period or a time interval of the electric machine.

[0034] It is proposed that one of the operating characteristic curves is selected according to the operating displacement of the operating unit, in particular the operating element / the operating displacement. It is conceivable that the operating unit has an operating element, which is movably supported in or on the electric machine, in particular the machine housing of the electric machine. The operating unit can be prestressed in the operating state. The operating unit can be elastically supported, in particular, by means of a spring element. The spring element can be provided to place the operating unit from the operating state into the non-operating state. It can be suitable that the spring element is composed of a disc spring, a spiral spring or the like. The operating unit can be provided to operate the drive unit or to supply it with electrical energy. Alternatively or additionally, the operating unit can be provided to operate other units that are considered meaningful by a person skilled in the art.

[0035] It is also proposed that a plurality of operating characteristic curves are provided, which can be actuated by an actuating unit and are provided for controlling or regulating different functional units of the electric machine, in particular independently of one another and as a function of an actuating displacement / the actuating displacement and / or an actuating force of the actuating unit. The functional units can be designed, for example, as flow generating units, cleaning units, etc. For example, when the actuating unit is actuated, in particular a first actuating displacement, an operating characteristic curve of a first functional unit can be activated, and when the actuating unit is actuated, in particular a second actuating displacement, a second operating characteristic curve of a second functional unit can be activated.

[0036] It is also proposed that one of the operating characteristic curves is selected according to the operating mode. In addition, it is proposed that one of the operating characteristic curves is selected according to the operating mode of the electric machine, in particular the gear level, the left / right rotation of the drive unit, the chiseling / drilling function of the electric machine and / or the (rotational) impact function. Obviously, other operating modes or functions that are considered meaningful by a person skilled in the art of the electric machine can also be covered. The operating mode can be understood as a gear level, a torque limit, a change in the direction of rotation (left or right) or the like. For example, an operating characteristic curve can be selected during the screwing process (right rotation) of the screw connection, and the operating characteristic curve is especially extended incrementally so that the optimal torque can be adjusted via a larger operating displacement at the beginning of the screwing process. Here, it is particularly suitable to prevent oblique screwing or screw slipping at the beginning of the screwing process and to prevent the operating unit from being manipulated uncontrolled by the operator. As a result, the operator can preferably focus on the calibration and orientation of the screw to be screwed in, without having to risk excessive torque or excessive rotation speed due to slight manipulation of the operating unit. At the end of the screwing process, the rotation speed can be increased, for example, when the operating element is fully manipulated. During the unscrewing process of a screw (counterclockwise rotation), for example, an operating characteristic curve can be considered which is also increasing, but reaches an upper limit after a predetermined actuation path, so that the torque or the rotational speed no longer increases.

[0037] It is suitable to select one of the operating characteristic curves according to the gear stage. Obviously, the electric machine can have, for example, a micro switch or a proximity sensor to sense the selected electric machine gear stage. This can simplify the manual operation of the electric machine particularly simply.

[0038] It is also proposed that one of the operating characteristic curves is selected as a function of the orientation and / or orientation change (speed) of the electric machine. One of the operating characteristic curves can also be selected as a function of the speed of the orientation change of the electric machine. For example, in the case of an orientation of the electric machine pointing toward the floor, an operating characteristic curve can be selected which is different from the operating characteristic curve for an orientation of the electric machine pointing toward the ceiling. In particular, in the case of an orientation of the electric machine pointing toward the floor, gravity acts, for example, on the screw connection, so that the electric machine can be loaded with a higher torque at the beginning of the screwing process compared to an electric machine pointing beyond the operator's head. Obviously, the electric machine can, for example, have an orientation sensor or an acceleration sensor to sense the orientation of the electric machine.

[0039] It may also be expedient to select one of the operating characteristic curves as a function of the charge state of the battery. The battery can be connected to the electric machine by means of an electrical interface. The battery can be provided for supplying the electric machine with electrical energy. For example, in the case of a low charge state or a nearly empty charge state of the battery, an operating characteristic curve may be selected which has an upper limit in order to limit the torque or the rotational speed and to protect the battery.

[0040] It may also be expedient to select one of the operating characteristic curves as a function of an accessory tool that can be releasably coupled to the electric machine. The electric machine may have a receiving unit for receiving the accessory tool. Obviously, the electric machine may have an accessory identification unit. The electric machine may select the operating characteristic curve as a function of the accessory tool that is identified by means of the accessory identification unit and that is in the electric machine or coupled to the electric machine. For example, a constant operating characteristic curve may be selected when using an electric machine with a dividing disk coupled to the electric machine. For example, a decreasing operating characteristic curve may be selected when using a grinding disk. Obviously, drill bits, screwdriver bits, grinding disks, grinding paper, saw blades or other accessory tools that are considered meaningful by a person skilled in the art may be considered as accessory tools.

[0041] Obviously, the further operating characteristic curve can extend similarly to, in particular, the first and second operating characteristic curves and / or can be selected as a function of an operating travel of the operating element, an operating mode of the electric machine, a position of the electric machine, a charge state of the battery or the like.

[0042] The invention also relates to an electric machine, in particular a drill driver, for carrying out the method according to the invention, so that an operator can carry out the method particularly easily with the aid of the electric machine.

[0043] As electric machines, drill drivers, grinders / grinding machines, for example vibration grinders, (rotary) eccentric grinders, angle grinders, leaf blowers or the like can be used.

[0044] It may be expedient for the drive unit to be formed by an EC motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Further advantages are obtained from the following description of the drawings. The drawings show embodiments of the present invention. The drawings, the description and the claims contain a plurality of feature combinations. A person skilled in the art may also appropriately regard these features individually and summarize them into other meaningful combinations. Here is shown:

[0046] Figure 1 A view of an exemplary electric machine,

[0047] Figure 2 views of additional exemplary electric machines, and

[0048] Figures 3 to 6 Multiple operating characteristic curves.

[0049] In the following figures, identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The figures each relate to an electric machine 101 having a receiving unit 103 for receiving an accessory tool (not shown), such as a screwdriver bit for turning a screw or a drill bit for drilling a hole in a workpiece. The receiving unit 103 has a clamping device 105 known to those skilled in the art, which is provided for holding the accessory tool in or on the electric machine 101.

[0051] The electric machine 101 may be any electric machine and in particular a battery-operated screwdriver ( Figure 1 ) or a vibration grinder configured as an eccentric grinder ( Figure 2 ).

[0052] Figure 1 An electric machine 101 is shown, which has a drive unit 13, in particular a drive shaft (not shown), for transmitting a movement to a driven unit 14, in particular a driven shaft (not shown) of the driven unit 14. The drive unit 13 is in particular provided for transmitting the movement of the drive unit 13 to an accessory tool (not shown). The drive unit 13 is designed as an EC (electronically commutated) motor. The driven unit 14 comprises a receiving unit 103 and a clamping device 105.

[0053] The electric machine 101 has a machine housing 17 which is at least partially designed as a handle housing 15 and forms an outer housing 17 of the electric machine 101. The handle housing 15 is provided for being gripped by a hand of an operator of the electric machine 101. The machine housings 17, 15 are substantially made of plastic.

[0054] The electric machine 101 further comprises an interface unit 19, which comprises a holding unit 21, which can be releasably fixed to a battery 23. The holding unit 21 is provided for holding the battery 23 in a fixed state connected to the electric machine 101. The battery unit 23 is connected to the electric machine 101 in the fixed state, so that there is an electrical contact between the battery unit 23 and the drive unit 13 of the electric machine 101, wherein the battery unit 23 is connected to the interface unit 19. The battery unit 23 supplies the electric machine 101 with electrical energy.

[0055] The electric machine 101 has an electronic unit 37, which is provided for controlling or regulating the drive unit. The electronic unit 37 is provided for providing at least two, in particular at least three operating characteristic curves 55. The electronic unit 37 has a memory unit for storing the at least two or at least three operating characteristic curves 55. The electronic unit 37 has a computing unit, which is configured as a microcontroller, for example. The electronic unit 37 is connected to the drive unit and the operating element 25 by means of a line, in particular a data line or a power supply line. The battery pack 23, the drive unit 13, the on / off switch, the operating element 25 and the electronic unit 37 are at least electrically connected by means of a line 43.

[0056] The operating characteristic curve 55 is respectively composed of the torque 53 or the rotational speed and the operating travel 51 of the operating element 25 ( Figure 3 ).

[0057] It is obvious that the operating characteristic curve can be formed by the force effect 51 instead of the actuating displacement. It is obvious that the operating characteristic curve can be formed by the flow velocity, the heat flow, the brightness or the sound instead of the torque 53.

[0058] The operating element 25 is supported so as to be movable between a non-operating state or a first dead point and an operating state or a second dead point. The displacement between the first dead point and the second dead point constitutes the operating displacement 51 of the operating element 25. The operating element 25 is designed to be analog or steplessly switchable, so that when the operating displacement 51 of the operating unit 24 changes, it can be switched to multiple gears or switching states. Obviously, the analog operation of the operating element 25 can be digitized.

[0059] The operating element 25 can be operated by means of an operating force exerted by an operator on the operating unit 24 in order to be placed in an operated state and to be moved, for example, from a first dead center to a second dead center.

[0060] The operating element 25 is movably supported in or on the machine housing 17. The operating element 25 is prestressed and resiliently supported in the operating state by means of a spring element in order to place the operating element 25 from the operating state into the non-operating state. Suitable spring elements are helical springs and in particular compression springs.

[0061] The electric machine 101 also has a gear unit (not shown), which is preferably designed as a planetary gear. The gear unit comprises at least two gear steps which can be switched, for example, by means of a switch button 29 .

[0062] When the operating element 25 is actuated, the drive unit 13 is placed in the actuated state and is electrically driven to apply a torque 53M to the output unit 14 and, by means of the torque 53M acting on the output unit 14, for example, screws a screw, such as a screw, into a workpiece or screws a nut onto a screw.

[0063] In order to achieve an optimal screw connection, the drive unit 13 is controlled or regulated in such a way that the electronics unit 37 or the drive unit 13 can select between at least two operating characteristic curves 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d, 55e.

[0064] The drive unit is controlled or regulated as a function of the actuation travel 51 of the actuation element 25. The drive unit is controlled or regulated here by means of at least one of the operating characteristic curves 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d, 55e.

[0065] Figure 2 Another embodiment of an electric machine 101 configured as a vibration grinder, in particular an eccentric grinder, is shown. The electric machine 101 has a flow generating unit 47 (not shown) for flowing through the electric machine 101, wherein at least one other operating characteristic curve is provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine 101, in particular the flow generating unit 47. The flow generating unit 47 is configured as a cooling unit, which generates a fluid flow or air flow through the electric machine 101. The flow generating unit 47 is configured as a ventilation element (not shown), which has a fan impeller, which is seated on a rotating shaft and, for example, rotates. The flow generating unit 47 is arranged adjacent to the drive unit or spaced apart, so that the ventilation element is independent of the drive unit or controllable or adjustable separately from the drive unit. Here, the ventilation element is decoupled from the drive movement of the drive unit.

[0066] The electric machine 101 has a cleaning unit 49 (not shown) for cleaning the electric machine 101, wherein at least one further operating characteristic curve 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d, 55e, 55f is provided for controlling or regulating the cleaning unit 49. The cleaning unit 49 has a vibration element (not shown) which is provided for transmitting vibrations to a part of the electric machine 101. The vibration element can be provided for transmitting vibrations to a dust collection container 71 of the electric machine 101 in order to shake out dust from a dust filter of the dust collection container.

[0067] Figure 3 A plurality of operating characteristic curves 55 are shown which are used for controlling or regulating the electric machine 101. The operating characteristic curves 55 are shown as torque or speed-actuated travel characteristic curves 53, 51.

[0068] Conventional electric machines 101 customarily used in the prior art usually have a single operating characteristic curve 55 which usually runs linearly and outputs a proportional torque 53 or a rotational speed in proportion to the actuation of the actuating element 25 .

[0069] At least one of the stored operating characteristic curves 55a, 55b, 55c, 55e can be designed nonlinearly. In this case, a linear actuation of the operating element 25 can result in an at least substantially nonlinear operating characteristic curve 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d of the drive unit. In this case, the operating characteristic curves 55a, 55b, 55c, 55e do not extend at least substantially straight or proportionally to the actuation displacement 51 of the operating element 25. The operating characteristic curve 55 extends at least partially decreasing 55b, returning 55a, increasing 55c, constant 55f, increasing to an upper limit 55d and / or constantly increasing 55e.

[0070] The operating characteristic curve 55 can extend at least partially linearly and at least in sections have different slopes 56 ( Figure 3 When using the cleaning unit 49, the further operating characteristic curve 55b of the cleaning unit 49 can be started with a time delay relative to the operating characteristic curve 55a of the drive unit ( Figure 5 In this case, a plurality of switching channels can be used which are dependent on the movement of the operating element 25 ( Figure 5 ), so that each switching channel is provided for controlling and / or regulating the drive unit, the flow generating unit and the cleaning unit.

[0071] Figure 5 In particular, a plurality of operating characteristic curves are shown which can be actuated by the actuating unit and are provided for controlling or regulating different functional units of the electric machine, in particular independently of one another and as a function of an actuating path / the actuating path and / or an actuating force of the actuating unit.

[0072] It is also conceivable, for example, that the operating characteristic curve 55a limits or covers the further operating characteristic curves 55b, 55c at least in sections. The further operating characteristic curves 55b, 55c may extend substantially similarly to the operating characteristic curve 55a, but may be formed at different, in particular higher or lower levels. The further operating characteristic curves 55b, 55c may intersect the operating characteristic curve 55a. The further operating characteristic curves 55b, 55c may substantially have a smaller slope than the operating characteristic curve 55a.

[0073] The further operating characteristic curve 55 of the cleaning unit 49 can follow the operating characteristic curve 55 ( Figure 5 ).

[0074] It is also conceivable that a single switching channel ( Figure 4 ) so that the operating characteristic curves 55a, 55b, 55c of each unit (drive unit 55a, flow generation unit 55b, cleaning unit 55c) are switched according to the operating displacement of the operating element 25.

[0075] The operating characteristic curve 55 can have the same starting point in the non-operating state and / or at the beginning of an actuation process.

[0076] When using a drill driver, if the drill driver is running in driver mode ( Figure 6 ), the first operating characteristic curve 55c may, for example, increase. When a drill driver is used, if the drill driver is operated in the drilling mode, the second operating characteristic curve 55b may, for example, decrease. When a drill driver is used, if the drill driver is operated in the left-turn mode, the third operating characteristic curves 55c, 55d may, for example, increase or increase to an upper limit.

[0077] In the case of a leaf blower, if the leaf blower is operated in the blowing mode, the first operating characteristic curve 55e can be proportional, for example. This has the advantage, in particular, that the metering of the blowing power can be controlled. In the case of a leaf blower, if the leaf blower is operated in the suction mode, the second operating characteristic curve 55f can be constant, for example. The suction mode can be achieved by rotating the device orientation by 180°. In this case, the operating element 25 can be switched on or off digitally. This has the advantage, in particular, that the full suction power is provided.

[0078] When using a grinding machine, the actuating element 25 can be actuated, for example, so that only the drive unit is operated. In this case, the actuating element 25 can be actuated, for example, only a part, in particular a third, of the actuating path 51. This has the advantage, in particular, that gentle or low-noise grinding of the workpiece surface can be achieved.

[0079] When using a grinding machine, for example, the actuating element 25 can be actuated in such a way that, in addition to the drive unit, the flow generating unit 47 is also operated for the flow through the electric machine 101 or for the suction of grinding dust. In this case, the actuating element 25 can be actuated, for example, only a part of the actuating path 51, in particular only half. This has the advantage, in particular, that a suction power that meets the requirements can be achieved.

[0080] When using a grinding machine, for example, the operating element 25 can be actuated so that, in addition to the drive unit and the flow generating unit 47, the cleaning unit 49 is also operated for cleaning the electric machine 101 or the dust collection container ( Figure 5 ). In this case, the actuating element 25 can be actuated completely, for example, in particular only to the bottom dead center of the actuating travel 51. This has the advantage, in particular, that it enables maximum suction at maximum suction power.

[0081] When using a grinding machine, for example, the actuating element 25 can be actuated in such a way that, in addition to the drive unit, the flow generating unit 47 is also operated for the flow through the electric machine 101 or for the suction of grinding dust. In this case, the actuating element 25 can be actuated, for example, only a part of the actuating path 51, in particular only half. This has the advantage, in particular, that a suction power that meets the requirements can be achieved.

[0082] Here, the grinding machine ( Figure 2 ) a total of three operating characteristic curves 55 are provided, which are activated or deactivated as a function of the actuation displacement 51 .

[0083] When using a screwdriver, if the screwdriver is coupled to an accessory tool for screwing in screws with a maximum or actual diameter of 3 mm, 4 mm, the first and second operating characteristic curves 55c, 55d can be increased, for example, to an upper limit, increasing. This has the advantage, in particular, that over-rotation of the screw is prevented, in particular in the case of un-predrilled wood. In this case, in the case of screws with a maximum or actual diameter of 6 mm, the increasing operating characteristic curve 55c can be particularly advantageous if the required torque 53 is to be ensured.

[0084] When using an angle grinder, if the angle grinder is coupled to an accessory tool for dividing a workpiece (dividing disc) or for grinding a workpiece (grinding disc), the first and second operating characteristic curves 55b and 55f can be constant or decreasing, for example. This has the following advantages in particular: the required minimum cutting speed and the required rotational speed are achieved. In this case, in the case of an angle grinder with a wire brush as an accessory tool, the proportional operating characteristic curve 55f can be particularly advantageous for control, for example, in the case of all workpiece materials in the entire power range.

[0085] When using a screwdriver, for example, the operating element 25 can be actuated in such a way that, in addition to the drive unit, the flow generating unit 47 is also operated for the purpose of flowing through the electric machine 101 or for the purpose of suctioning off grinding dust.

[0086] The operating characteristic curves 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d, 55e may have a linearly increasing trend 55e, a decreasing trend 55b, a regressing trend 55a, an increasing trend 55c, an increasing trend to an upper limit 55d or a constant trend 55f.

[0087] The operating characteristic curve 55 can be calculated based on:

[0088] - an actuating displacement 51 of the actuating element 25,

[0089] - the operating mode of the electric machine 101,

[0090] - gear stage of the transmission unit,

[0091] - the position of the electric machine 101,

[0092] - the battery charge status and / or

[0093] - an accessory tool releasably coupleable to the electric machine 101,

[0094] choose.

[0095] When the electric machine 101 is selected according to the orientation of the electric machine 101, it can be distinguished, for example, whether the electric machine 101 is pointing to the ceiling or is used for overhead work, in which case the operator wants to screw a screw into the ceiling, for example; or whether the electric machine 101 is pointing to the floor, in which case the operator wants to screw a screw into the floor, for example.

[0096] Further operating characteristic curves 55 of the flow generating unit 47 and / or the cleaning unit 49 may extend similarly to the operating characteristic curves 55 of the drive unit and / or may be selected depending on the operating displacement 51 of the operating element 25, the operating mode of the electric machine 101, the orientation of the electric machine 101, the charge state of the battery or the like.

Claims

1. A method for operating an electric machine, wherein: The electric machine (101) has a drive unit (13) for transmitting movement to a driven unit (14) and an operating unit (24) for controlling or regulating the drive unit, and is characterized in that at least two operating characteristic curves (55) are provided for controlling or regulating the drive unit (13) of the electric machine (101), wherein one of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected depending on the orientation of the electric machine (101) pointing toward the ceiling or toward the floor.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that At least three operating characteristic curves (55) are provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine (101).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Linear actuation of the actuation unit (24) results in a non-linear operating characteristic curve (55).

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The operating characteristic curve (55) extends constantly, decreasingly, regressively, increasingly or increasing to an upper limit.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electric machine (101) has a flow generating unit (47) for a flow through the electric machine (101), wherein at least one further operating characteristic curve (55) is provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine (101).

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electric machine (101) has a cleaning unit (49) for cleaning the electric machine (101), wherein at least one further operating characteristic curve (55) is provided for controlling or regulating the electric machine (101).

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected as a function of an operating travel (51) and / or an operating force of an operating unit (24).

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A plurality of operating characteristic curves (55) are provided which can be actuated by an actuating unit (24) and are provided for controlling or regulating different functional units of the electric machine as a function of an actuating travel (51) and / or an actuating force of the actuating unit (24).

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected depending on the operating mode of the electric machine.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected according to the change in the orientation of the electric machine (101).

11. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 10, characterized in that One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected as a function of the charge state of the battery.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 10, characterized in that One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected according to the gear stage of the electric machine (101).

13. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 10, characterized in that One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected depending on an accessory tool that can be detachably coupled to the electric machine (101).

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The electric machine is a handheld power tool.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least two operating characteristic curves are torque or speed-operated displacement characteristic curves (53, 51).

16. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that At least three operating characteristic curves (55) are provided for controlling or regulating a drive unit (13) of the electric machine (101).

17. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Linear actuation of the actuation path (51) of the actuation unit (24) results in a non-linear operating characteristic curve (55).

18. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that At least one further operating characteristic curve (55) is provided for controlling or regulating a flow generating unit (47) of the electric machine (101).

19. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that At least one further operating characteristic curve (55) is provided for controlling or regulating a cleaning unit (49) of the electric machine (101).

20. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The plurality of operating characteristic curves (55) are provided for controlling or regulating different functional units of the electric machine independently of one another and as a function of an actuation travel (51) and / or an actuation force of an actuation unit (24).

21. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that One of the operating characteristic curves (55) is selected as a function of the gear stage of the electric machine, the left / right rotation of the drive unit, the chiseling / drilling function and / or the impact function of the electric machine.

22. An electric machine for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

23. The electric machine according to claim 22, characterized in that The drive unit (13) is designed as an EC motor.

24. The electric machine according to claim 23, characterized in that The electric machine is designed as a drill driver. 25 . A handheld power tool, which is configured as an electric machine according to claim 22 .

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