A direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and power generation method

Abstract

A direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and power generation method provided by the present invention include: a housing; a high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first pore layer, and a second pore layer sequentially arranged in the housing; a coal gasification chamber, a fuel gas diversion chamber, a tubular battery chamber, and a battery tail gas chamber separated by the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first pore layer, and the second pore layer; a gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, a ventilation port provided on the housing, and a blower device provided at the front end of the ventilation port. By separately arranging the coal gasification chamber and the tubular battery chamber and providing a high-temperature desulfurization layer between the coal gasification chamber and the tubular battery chamber, the present invention can avoid the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained in the gasified solid carbon on the anode catalyst; the sulfided CO is diverted through the fuel gas diversion chamber into the tubular battery. The device has a compact structure, avoids the gas pressure flow loss and thermodynamic loss caused by the pipeline transportation and separation type desulfurizer of CO, and improves the overall power generation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of direct coal fuel cells, and particularly to a power generation device and a power generation method for a direct coal fuel cell stack. Background Art

[0002] Energy is the pillar of the national economy and the driving force necessary for the development of human society. A direct coal fuel cell can integrate and utilize coal, generate CO as fuel gas through the gasification reaction of CO2 and C at high temperature, and achieve efficient electrochemical power generation, and is expected to become an important part of the future energy supply system.

[0003] The coal fuel transportation is a difficulty in the design of a direct coal fuel cell stack. The flat-plate solid oxide fuel cell adopts an alternating stacked structure of bipolar current collectors and battery membrane electrodes, but the space limits the transportation of coal through the flow channel to the battery anode, and further limits the pipeline transportation of CO. The existing tubular solid oxide fuel cell adopts a design scheme with the anode outside the tube and the cathode inside the tube, and directly inserts pulverized coal. Although this design solves the problem of transporting coal through the flow channel to the battery anode, the movement of pulverized coal and ash solid particles will rub the anode surface when the battery consumes pulverized coal and during the ash discharge process after the end of discharge, resulting in the fragmentation of the anode surface and the decline of its performance.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is, in view of the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology, to provide a power generation device and a power generation method for a direct coal fuel cell stack, aiming to solve the problems in the existing technology that the flat-plate solid oxide fuel cell adopts an alternating stacked structure of bipolar current collectors and battery membrane electrodes, which limits the transportation of coal through the flow channel to the battery anode in space, and the design scheme of directly inserting pulverized coal into the tubular solid oxide fuel cell, where the movement of pulverized coal and ash solid particles will rub the anode surface, resulting in the fragmentation of the anode surface and the decline of its performance.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows:

[0007] A power generation device for a direct coal fuel cell stack, which includes: a housing with a hollow interior;

[0008] A high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first hole layer, and a second hole layer are sequentially arranged in the housing; the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first hole layer, and the second hole layer divide the interior of the housing into a coal gasification chamber, a fuel gas diversion chamber, a tubular battery chamber, and a battery tail gas chamber;

[0009] At least one tubular battery is disposed within the tubular battery chamber; at least one hole is respectively disposed on the first hole layer and the second hole layer; the tubular battery is installed in the holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer;

[0010] A gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, a ventilation opening and a blowing device disposed at the front end of the ventilation opening are provided on the housing;

[0011] The gas inlet is communicated with the coal gasification chamber; the tail gas outlet is communicated with the battery tail gas chamber; the ventilation opening is communicated with the tubular battery chamber.

[0012] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, the housing is formed by butting a first housing and a second housing that are hollow inside, and the first housing and the second housing are detachably connected.

[0013] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, the device further includes: a connecting pipe respectively connected to the tail gas outlet and the gas inlet, and the connecting pipe is used for circulating the tail gas generated at the tail gas outlet to the gas inlet.

[0014] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, a pulverized coal inlet communicated with the coal gasification chamber is further provided on the housing, and the pulverized coal inlet is used for adding coal into the coal gasification chamber.

[0015] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, an ash discharge valve communicated with the coal gasification chamber is provided at the lower end of the housing; a coal ash tank is provided at the lower end of the ash discharge valve.

[0016] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, an air outlet communicated with the tubular battery chamber is further provided on the housing.

[0017] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, the holes on the first hole layer and the second hole layer are symmetrically arranged; the tubular battery is installed on the symmetric holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer.

[0018] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, the size of the hole matches the dimensions at both ends of the tubular battery; the tubular battery is hermetically connected to the first hole layer and the second hole layer through a high-temperature sealant.

[0019] For the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, wherein, the operating temperature of the tubular battery chamber is 750 - 800 °C; the operating temperature of the tubular battery chamber is 50 °C higher than the operating temperature of the coal gasification chamber.

[0020] A power generation method for the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device described above, which includes the steps:

[0021] Carbon dioxide gas reacts with coal in the gasification chamber through the gas inlet to produce carbon monoxide gas;

[0022] The generated carbon monoxide gas is desulfurized by the high-temperature desulfurization layer and then enters the fuel gas distribution chamber and the inside of the tubular battery in sequence;

[0023] The air flowing in from the ventilation port obtains electrons from the outside of the tubular battery to generate oxygen ions. The oxygen ions enter the inside of the tubular battery and electrochemically react with carbon monoxide inside the tubular battery, releasing electrons outward.

[0024] Advantages of the present invention: By separately arranging the gasification chamber and the tubular battery chamber in the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention, and setting a high-temperature desulfurization layer for desulfurizing CO generated in the gasification chamber between the gasification chamber and the tubular battery chamber, it is possible to avoid the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained in the gasified solid carbon on the anode catalyst; the sulfided CO is shunted through the fuel gas distribution chamber and enters the tubular battery. The device has a compact structure, avoiding the gas pressure loss and thermodynamic loss caused by the pipeline transportation and separation type desulfurizer of CO, and improving the overall power generation efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the first housing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the first housing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional perspective view of the second housing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the second housing and its internal structure of the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the power generation method of the direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more explicit, the following further elaborates on the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Since the flat-type solid oxide fuel cell in the prior art adopts an alternating stacked structure of bipolar current collectors and battery membrane electrodes, the space limits the transfer of coal to the battery anode through the flow channel; while the design of directly inserting pulverized coal solves the problem of transferring coal to the battery anode through the flow channel, the movement of pulverized coal and ash solid particles will friction the anode surface, resulting in the fragmentation of the anode surface and the decline of its performance. To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, as Figure 1 shown. The device of the present invention includes: a hollow shell 1; a high-temperature desulfurization layer 2, a first hole layer 3 and a second hole layer 4 sequentially arranged in the shell 1; the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2, the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4 divide the interior of the shell 1 into a coal gasification chamber 5, a fuel gas distribution chamber 6, a tubular battery chamber 7 and a battery tail gas chamber 8. At least one tubular battery 9 is arranged in the tubular battery chamber 7, at least one hole 3-1 is arranged on the first hole layer 3, and at least one hole layer 4-1 is also arranged on the second hole layer 4, and the tubular battery 9 is installed in the hole 3-1 and the hole 4-1. A gas inlet 10, a tail gas outlet 11, a ventilation port 12 and a blower device 13 arranged at the front end of the ventilation port 12 are further arranged on the shell 1. And the gas inlet 10 is communicated with the coal gasification chamber 5, the tail gas outlet 11 is communicated with the battery tail gas chamber 8, and the ventilation port 12 is communicated with the tubular battery chamber 7. During the operation of the device, carbon dioxide gas can be introduced through the gas inlet 10, and the carbon dioxide gas will undergo an inverse Boudouard reaction with the coal in the coal gasification chamber 5: C + CO2 = 2CO, generating a large amount of CO fuel gas. After the CO is desulfurized by the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2, it enters the fuel gas distribution chamber 6 and is distributed into the interior of the tubular battery 9 through the fuel gas distribution chamber 6. The air introduced from the ventilation port 12 by the blower device 13 obtains electrons outside the tube of the tubular battery 9 to generate O 2- , O 2- undergoes an electrochemical reaction with the CO inside the tubular battery 9, releases electrons to the external circuit and generates CO2 which is discharged through the tail gas outlet 11 at the same time. The coal and the tubular battery are respectively placed in the coal gasification chamber 5 and the tubular battery chamber 7, and the non-direct contact will not cause the friction between the coal and the battery surface to cause the decline of the battery performance; in addition, the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 can desulfurize the CO generated in the coal gasification chamber 5, and can avoid the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained in the gasified pulverized coal on the anode catalyst.

[0033] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 can be filled with particulate desulfurizing agents such as limestone, dolomite, or slaked lime to complete the desulfurization process. The design of the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 can avoid the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained in the gasified coal on the anode catalyst. For example, when the anode catalyst is Ni particles, it can prevent the sulfur-containing gas from sulfiding the catalyst Ni particles to form low-catalytic-activity substances such as NiS and Ni3S x etc. The tubular battery 9 is composed of an anode layer inside the tube, a cathode layer outside the tube, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. The anode layer of the battery is a composite porous anode of Ni and electrolyte powder used in traditional solid oxide fuel cells. The electrolyte is a common cationic electrolyte such as 8 mol% Y2O3-ZrO2, Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 、Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 。 The cathode electrode layer is mainly composed of the above-mentioned electrolyte material and a common classical cathode material for solid oxide batteries, such as (La 0.8 0Sr 0.20 ) 0.95 MnO3, (La 0.60 Sr 0.40 ) 0.95 Co 0.20 Fe 0.80 O3, etc., to form a composite porous electrode. Specifically, during implementation, the air introduced from the ventilation port 12 by the air blower 13 obtains electrons on the cathode layer outside the tube of the tubular battery 9 to generate O 2- , O 2- penetrates through the electrolyte layer to reach the anode layer inside the tubular battery 9 under the drive of the concentration difference and potential difference, and undergoes an electrochemical reaction with CO at the anode layer, releasing electrons to the external circuit to form a complete current loop, thereby generating electricity.

[0034] Specifically, during implementation, the housing 1 is formed by docking a first housing 1-1 with a hollow interior and a second housing 1-2. The first housing 1-1 and the second housing 1-2 can be detachably connected or fixedly connected. In a specific implementation manner, as Figure 1 shown, the first housing 1-1 and the second housing 1-2 are detachably connected by an end plate nut 14. By setting the coal gasification reaction and the battery electrochemical reaction inside the detachable housing, the entire device has a compact structure, small pipeline losses in gas transmission, and the heat generated by the battery electrochemical reaction can heat the coal gasification chamber 5 through cavity heat conduction, thermal radiation, etc., to supplement the heat required for the reverse Boudouard reaction, without external heating, and can improve the power generation efficiency of the device.

[0035] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the CO2 gas enriched at the nozzle of the tubular battery 9 converges in the battery tail gas chamber 8 and is discharged through the tail gas outlet 11. Since the tail gas is rich in CO2 and has a high temperature, recycling the CO2 discharged from the tail gas outlet 11 to the gas inlet 10 as a coal gasification agent can not only recycle CO2 but also utilize its waste heat to maintain the working temperature of the coal gasification chamber 5. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the device further includes a connecting pipe, and the tail gas outlet 11 and the gas inlet 10 are respectively connected to both ends of the connecting pipe for recycling the tail gas generated at the tail gas outlet 11 to the gas inlet 10.

[0036] Specifically, in order to make the entire device in a self-sustaining state, the working temperature of the tubular battery chamber 7 in this embodiment is 750 - 800 °C to avoid affecting the long-term stability of the entire device due to excessive temperature. The working temperature of the tubular battery chamber 7 is 50 °C higher than that of the coal gasification chamber 5, so that the CO production rate of the coal gasification chamber 5 matches the CO consumption rate of the tubular battery chamber 7, and the heat conducted from the tubular battery chamber 7 to the coal gasification chamber 5 can maintain the working temperature of the coal gasification chamber 5 at 700 - 750 °C.

[0037] During specific implementation, a pulverized coal inlet 15 communicating with the coal gasification chamber 5 is further provided on the housing 1. The pulverized coal inlet 15 is used to add pulverized coal into the coal gasification chamber 5, thereby realizing the circulation and continuous supply of coal. In a specific implementation manner, the pulverized coal inlet 15 is arranged at the upper end of the housing 1. The power generation of the fuel cell stack can be controlled by the addition rate and amount of pulverized coal. When the power demand is small, the fuel cell stack will operate at a lower current. At this time, the CO production rate can be controlled by reducing the addition rate or amount of pulverized coal to reduce the electrochemical reaction rate and decrease the output power. Conversely, when the power demand is large, the addition amount or rate of pulverized coal can be increased. Since the CO production rate is determined by both the pulverized coal and the CO2 flow rate, similarly, the electrochemical reaction rate can be reduced by decreasing the recycled tail gas CO2 flow rate or increased by increasing the recycled tail gas CO2 flow rate.

[0038] Further, in this embodiment, an ash discharge valve 16 communicating with the coal gasification chamber 5 is further provided on the housing 1. Incombustible coal ash particles and unburned coal particles in the coal gasification chamber 5 settle at the bottom of the coal gasification chamber 5. After a period of accumulation, the ash discharge valve 16 can be opened for ash discharge operation. In a specific embodiment, the ash discharge valve 16 is provided at the lower end of the housing 1, and a coal ash groove 17 is further provided at the lower end of the ash discharge valve 16. The coal ash groove 17 is used to collect incombustible coal ash particles and unburned coal particles discharged from the ash discharge valve 16. In this embodiment, the pulverized coal inlet 15 is provided at the upper end of the housing 1, and the ash discharge valve 16 is provided at the lower end of the housing 1. The upward-to-downward pulverized coal supply method and the design of the ash discharge port at the lower part ensure the rapid and continuous supply of coal fuel, can increase the CO supply, reduce the CO concentration loss of the stack, and avoid the mechanical damage that may be caused by the direct contact between the battery anode and coal particles.

[0039] During specific implementation, an air outlet 18 communicating with the tubular battery chamber 7 is further provided on the housing 1 in this embodiment. The air blower 13 introduces air into the tubular battery chamber 7 through the ventilation port 12. O2 in the air obtains electrons from the outer cathode layer of the tubular battery 9 to generate O 2- , and becomes oxygen-deficient air and is directly discharged into the air through the air outlet 18, thereby increasing the air circulation in the tubular battery chamber 7 and being beneficial to accelerating the electrochemical reaction of the tubular battery 9. In a specific embodiment, the air outlet 18 is provided at the upper end of the housing 1 and is arranged vertically opposite to the ventilation port 12 and the air blower 13, which is beneficial to the air circulation in the tubular battery chamber 7.

[0040] During specific implementation, the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4 are arranged in parallel, and the holes 3-1 on the first hole layer 3 and the holes 4-1 on the second hole layer 4 are symmetrically arranged. For example, if the hole 3-1 is arranged at the center position of the first hole layer 3, the hole 4-1 is also arranged at the center position of the second hole layer 4. The tubular battery 9 is installed on the symmetric holes of the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4, so that the tubular battery 9 is arranged parallel to the tubular battery chamber 7. In this way, CO in the fuel gas diversion chamber 6 can be shunted into the tubular battery 9 in parallel, which is beneficial to the shunting of CO.

[0041] Further, the sizes of the holes 3-1 and 4-1 match the sizes of the two ends and the cross-sectional areas of the two ends of the tubular battery 9. That is, if the cross-sections of the two ends of the tubular battery 9 are rectangular, then the holes 3-1 and 4-1 are also rectangular; if the cross-sections of the two ends of the tubular battery 9 are circular, then the holes 3-1 and 4-1 are also circular. And the areas of the holes 3-1 and 4-1 are set slightly larger than the cross-sectional areas of the two ends of the tubular battery 9, so that the two ends of the tubular battery 9 can just be inserted into the holes 3-1 and 4-1. In order to further ensure that the CO generated in the gasification chamber 5 only flows into the interior of the tubular battery 9 and does not flow to other places causing energy waste, in this embodiment, the connection between the tubular battery 9 and the holes 3-1 and 4-1 is sealed by a high-temperature sealant 19. It is mentioned in the foregoing steps that the operating temperature of the tubular battery chamber 7 is 750-800 °C. Therefore, the operating temperature of the high-temperature sealant 19 must be higher than this temperature. In a specific embodiment, the high-temperature sealant 19 is a high-temperature glass sealant resistant to 1250 °C.

[0042] In specific implementation, the shapes of the first housing 1-1 and the second housing 1-2 in this embodiment can be tubular, box-shaped, flat-barrel cavity-shaped, etc. In a specific embodiment, when the first housing 1-1 is a hollow tubular shape, the three-dimensional stereogram and cross-sectional view of the first housing and its internal structure are as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown. One of the circular bottom surfaces of the first housing 1-1 is an open surface, and the other is a closed surface. A gas inlet 10 is provided at the central position of the closed surface of the first housing 1-1. A high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 is provided inside the first housing 1-1. The high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 and the closed surface of the first housing 1-1 form a cavity, namely the gasification chamber 5. Taking the closed surface and the open surface of the first housing 1-1 as the left end and the right end respectively, a pulverized coal inlet 15 is provided at the upper end of the side surface of the first housing 1-1 and communicated with the gasification chamber 5. An ash discharge valve 16 communicated with the gasification chamber 5 is provided at a position opposite to the pulverized coal inlet 15 at the lower end of the side surface of the first housing 1-1. A first hole layer 3 is arranged in parallel and spaced inside the first housing 1-1 with respect to the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2. A plurality of holes 3-1 are arranged perpendicular to the first hole layer 3 on the first hole layer 3. A fuel gas diversion chamber 6 is formed between the high-temperature desulfurization layer 2 and the first hole layer 3.

[0043] Further, when the second housing 1-2 is a hollow tubular shape, the three-dimensional stereogram and cross-sectional view of the second housing and its internal structure are as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown in the figure. The second housing 1-2 is also a hollow tubular barrel shape. One of the two circular bottom surfaces of the second housing 1-2 is an open surface, and the other is a closed surface. A tail gas outlet 11 is provided at the center of the closed surface. A second hole layer 4 is provided at one end of the second housing 1-2 close to the open surface. When the second housing 1-2 is connected to the first housing 1-1 through an end plate nut 14, the second hole layer 4 and the first hole layer 3 form a tubular battery cavity 7. The second hole layer 4 and the closed surface of the second housing 1-2 form a battery tail gas cavity 8, and the tail gas outlet 11 is communicated with the battery tail gas cavity 8. A plurality of holes 4-1 are vertically provided on the second hole layer 4 perpendicular to the second hole layer 4. An air outlet 18 and a ventilation opening 12 are communicated with the tubular battery cavity 7 on the second housing 1-2, and the air outlet 18 and the ventilation opening 12 are symmetrically arranged up and down on the side surface of the second housing component 1-2. In a specific embodiment, taking the open surface and the closed surface of the second housing component 1-2 as the left end and the right end respectively, the ventilation opening 12 is arranged at the lower end of the side surface of the second housing 1-2, and the air outlet 18 is arranged at the upper end of the side surface of the second housing 1-2. Of course, the ventilation opening 12 in this embodiment can be arranged at the lower right end or the lower left end of the side surface of the second housing 1-2, etc., and the present application does not limit this.

[0044] During specific implementation, the tubular battery 9 is installed into the tubular battery cavity 7 through the holes 3-1 and 4-1. The holes 3-1 and 4-1 are symmetrically arranged on the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4 respectively. Both ends of the tubular battery 9 are installed on the symmetric holes 3-1 and 4-1 of the first hole layer 3 and the second hole layer 4, so that the tubular battery 9 is arranged parallel to the tubular battery cavity 7. After CO2 is introduced through the gas inlet 10 and contacts with the pulverized coal input from the pulverized coal inlet 15 to undergo the reverse Boudouard reaction to generate CO, the CO enters the fuel gas shunt cavity 6 after being desulfurized by the high-temperature vulcanization layer 2, and then is shunted into the interior of the tubular battery 9. The air blown in by the air blowing device 13 enters the tubular battery cavity 7, obtains electrons from the outside of the tubular battery 9 to become O 2- , and then enters the interior of the tubular battery 9 to react with CO to generate electrons and release CO2. The CO2 enters the battery tail gas cavity 8 and is discharged through the tail gas outlet 11.

[0045] In addition, the present invention also provides a power generation method for the above direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, as Figure 6 shown, which includes the following steps:

[0046] S100. Carbon dioxide gas reacts with coal in the gasification cavity through the gas inlet to generate carbon monoxide gas;

[0047] S200. The generated carbon monoxide gas enters the fuel gas shunt chamber and the interior of the tubular cell in sequence after desulfurization through the high-temperature desulfurization layer.

[0048] S300. The air flowing in from the ventilation port obtains electrons from the outside of the tubular cell to generate oxygen ions. The oxygen ions enter the interior of the tubular cell and undergo an electrochemical reaction with the carbon monoxide inside the tubular cell, releasing electrons outward.

[0049] In this embodiment, the coal gasification reaction is carried out in an independent coal gasification chamber. The carbon dioxide gas introduced through the gas inlet undergoes an inverse Boudouard reaction with the coal in the coal gasification chamber to generate carbon monoxide gas. Since the coal involved in the reaction contains impurities such as sulfur, the generated carbon monoxide gas also contains sulfur impurities, and the sulfur impurities will corrode the anode catalyst of the tubular cell, such as Ni particles, and sulfurize the highly catalytically active Ni particles into low-catalytically active substances such as NiS and Ni3S x etc. Therefore, in this embodiment, the generated carbon monoxide gas is desulfurized through the high-temperature sulfidation layer and then enters the fuel gas shunt chamber. After being shunted by the fuel gas shunt chamber, it enters the interior of the tubular cell.

[0050] Further, the tubular cell is composed of an anode layer inside the tube, a cathode layer outside the tube, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer. When the power generation device is connected to an external load, the air blown into the tubular cell chamber through the ventilation port by the air blower will obtain electrons from the cathode layer on the outside of the tubular cell and become O 2- ,O 2- Under the drive of the concentration difference and the potential difference, it passes through the electrolyte layer to reach the anode layer inside the tubular cell, contacts the carbon monoxide gas inside the anode layer, undergoes an electrochemical reaction to release electrons and generate CO2, which is discharged from the tail gas outlet, thus completing power generation. The coal gasification reaction and the electrochemical reaction are carried out in the coal gasification chamber and the tubular cell chamber respectively, which can realize the recycling and continuous supply of coal. The pulverized coal does not directly contact the tubular cell, avoiding the contact between coal particles, ash and the anode, and improving the long-term stability of the cell.

[0051] In summary, a direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device and a power generation method provided by the present invention include: a housing with a hollow interior; a high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first hole layer, and a second hole layer sequentially arranged in the housing; a coal gasification chamber, a fuel gas shunt chamber, a tubular battery chamber, and a battery tail gas chamber separated by the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first hole layer, and the second hole layer; and a gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, a ventilation opening provided on the housing, and a blower device provided at the front end of the ventilation opening. By separately arranging the coal gasification chamber and the tubular battery chamber and providing a high-temperature desulfurization layer for desulfurizing the CO generated in the coal gasification chamber between the coal gasification chamber and the tubular battery chamber, the present invention can avoid the poisoning effect of a small amount of sulfur-containing gas contained in the gasified solid carbon on the anode catalyst; the sulfided CO is shunted into the tubular battery through the fuel gas shunt chamber, and the device has a compact structure, avoiding the gas pressure loss and thermodynamic loss caused by the pipeline transportation and separation type desulfurizer of CO and the temperature reduction, and improving the overall power generation efficiency.

[0052] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or changes can be made according to the above description, and all such improvements and changes should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device, characterized in that, Comprising: A shell with a hollow interior; A high-temperature desulfurization layer, a first hole layer, and a second hole layer are sequentially arranged inside the shell; the high-temperature desulfurization layer, the first hole layer, and the second hole layer divide the interior of the shell into a coal gasification chamber, a fuel gas diversion chamber, a tubular battery chamber, and a battery tail gas chamber; At least one tubular battery is arranged inside the tubular battery chamber; at least one hole is respectively arranged on the first hole layer and the second hole layer; the tubular battery is installed in the holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer; A gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, a ventilation opening, and a blowing device arranged at the front end of the ventilation opening are provided on the shell; The gas inlet is communicated with the coal gasification chamber; the tail gas outlet is communicated with the battery tail gas chamber; the ventilation opening is communicated with the tubular battery chamber; The shell is formed by docking a first shell and a second shell with hollow interiors, and the first shell and the second shell are detachably connected; the coal gasification reaction and the battery electrochemical reaction are carried out inside the detachable shell, and the heat generated by the battery electrochemical reaction heats the coal gasification chamber through cavity heat conduction or heat radiation to supplement the heat required for the reverse Boudouard reaction; The device further includes: a connecting pipe respectively connected to the tail gas outlet and the gas inlet, and the connecting pipe is used for circulating the tail gas generated at the tail gas outlet to the gas inlet; The tubular battery is composed of an anode layer inside the tube, a cathode layer outside the tube, and an electrolyte arranged between the anode layer and the cathode layer; Carbon dioxide gas is introduced through the gas inlet. The carbon dioxide gas will undergo an inverse Boudouard reaction with the coal in the coal gasification chamber, generating a large amount of CO fuel gas. After the CO is desulfurized through the high-temperature desulfurization layer, it enters the fuel gas distribution chamber, and is distributed into the internal part of the tubular battery through the fuel gas distribution chamber. The air introduced from the ventilation port by the air blower obtains electrons outside the tubular battery tube to generate O 2- , O 2- undergoes an electrochemical reaction with the CO inside the tubular battery, releases electrons to the external circuit, and at the same time generates CO2 which is discharged from the tail gas outlet; The air introduced from the ventilation opening by the air blower obtains electrons on the cathode layer outside the tubular battery tube to generate O 2- , O 2- driven by the concentration difference and potential difference, passes through the electrolyte layer to reach the anode layer inside the tubular battery, and undergoes an electrochemical reaction with the anode layer, releasing electrons to the external circuit to form a complete current loop, thereby generating electricity; Circulate the CO2 discharged from the tail gas outlet to the gas inlet and use it as a gasifying agent for coal; The operating temperature of the tubular battery chamber is 750 - 800 °C; the operating temperature of the tubular battery chamber is 50 °C higher than the operating temperature of the coal gasification chamber, and the heat conducted from the tubular battery chamber to the coal gasification chamber can maintain the operating temperature of the coal gasification chamber at 700 - 750 °C; A pulverized coal inlet communicated with the coal gasification chamber is further provided on the shell, and the pulverized coal inlet is used for adding coal into the coal gasification chamber; the pulverized coal inlet is arranged at the upper end of the shell, and the power generation of the stack is controlled by the addition rate and addition amount of the pulverized coal. When the power demand is small, the stack will operate at a lower current, and the CO generation rate is controlled by reducing the addition rate or amount of the pulverized coal to reduce the electrochemical reaction rate, or the electrochemical reaction rate is reduced by reducing the recycled tail gas CO2 flow rate to reduce the output power; on the contrary, when the power demand is large, the addition amount or addition rate of the pulverized coal is increased, or the recycled tail gas CO2 flow rate is increased to increase the electrochemical reaction rate; An ash discharge valve communicated with the coal gasification chamber is arranged at the lower end of the shell; a coal ash trough is arranged at the lower end of the ash discharge valve; the coal ash trough is used for collecting the incombustible coal ash particles and unburned coal particles discharged from the ash discharge valve; An air outlet communicated with the tubular battery chamber is further provided at the upper end of the shell; the air outlet is arranged vertically opposite to the ventilation opening and the blowing device; The first hole layer and the second hole layer are arranged in parallel, and the holes on the first hole layer and the second hole layer are symmetrically arranged; the tubular battery is installed on the symmetric holes of the first hole layer and the second hole layer; the areas of the holes on the first hole layer and the second hole layer are set to be larger than the areas of the cross-sections at both ends of the tubular battery; the tubular battery is hermetically connected to the first hole layer and the second hole layer through a high-temperature sealant; the high-temperature sealant is a high-temperature glass sealant resistant to 1250 °C.

2. A power generation method for a direct coal fuel cell stack power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the steps of: Carbon dioxide gas reacts with the coal in the coal gasification chamber through the gas inlet to generate carbon monoxide gas; The generated carbon monoxide gas is desulfurized by the high-temperature desulfurization layer and then enters the fuel gas diversion chamber and the interior of the tubular battery in sequence; The air flowing in from the ventilation port obtains electrons from the outside of the tubular battery to generate oxygen ions, and the oxygen ions enter the interior of the tubular battery and electrochemically react with the carbon monoxide inside the tubular battery to release electrons outward.

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