Tunnel hard rock tunnel boring machine and its tunnel boring machine cutterhead

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel hard rock tunnel boring machine and its tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the tunnel boring machine cutterhead comprising: a cutterhead (1); a roller cutter (2) arranged on the working surface of the cutterhead (1); a high-pressure water nozzle (5) arranged on the working surface of the cutterhead (1); a scraper (6) arranged on the working surface of the cutterhead (1) and used for removing accumulated slag, wherein the scraper (6) is arranged around the high-pressure water nozzle (5). The tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided by the present invention is further provided with a scraper for removing accumulated slag on the working surface of the cutterhead, the scraper is arranged around the high-pressure water nozzle, and removes soil and rock slag between the cutterhead and the tunnel face, thereby ensuring that the water jet ejected by the high-pressure water nozzle can directly act on the tunnel face, effectively cutting the rock, improving the high-pressure water rock breaking efficiency, and thus improving the tunneling efficiency; the scraper blocks the accumulated slag from moving toward the high-pressure water nozzle, effectively preventing the accumulated slag from clogging the hydraulic equipment (high-pressure water nozzle), and improving the service life of the nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machine equipment, and in particular to a tunnel hard rock tunnel boring machine and a tunnel boring machine cutter head thereof. Background Art

[0002] In inter-basin and inter-regional water diversion projects, long tunnels (such as the over 200km long tunnels in the West Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project) are often the preferred water diversion (transfer) structures. Given the limitations of topographical and geological conditions, the preferred construction method is to use a tunnel boring machine (TBM) to speed up tunnel construction and shorten the project duration. According to existing project data, the average monthly advance of conventional TBM construction is 500-800m, with a few projects exceeding 1000m per month. Therefore, the construction period of long tunnels typically lasts from several years to over a decade, and the current efficiency of TBM construction severely constrains the project duration.

[0003] Currently, high-pressure hydraulic jetting-assisted rock breaking technology is relatively mature and widely used in rapid drilling techniques in industries such as the oil and coal industries. By integrating high-pressure hydraulic jetting technology from these industries with traditional TBM tunneling techniques, a new, high-efficiency TBM construction system with high-pressure hydraulic jetting has been developed. This improves TBM construction efficiency, shortens construction schedules, and increases economic benefits.

[0004] However, during tunneling, debris accumulation at the bottom of the TBM cutterhead is common, especially in formations with poor rock integrity. In this situation, the water jet from the high-pressure water nozzle will first act on the debris, preventing it from directly cutting the rock. This significantly affects the rock-breaking effect of the high-pressure water jet and thus hinders tunneling efficiency. Furthermore, the debris accumulation can clog hydraulic equipment (such as the high-pressure water nozzle), shortening its service life.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the excavation efficiency and service life is an urgent problem to be solved by people in this technical field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine cutter head to improve the tunneling efficiency and service life. The present invention also provides a tunnel hard rock tunnel boring machine.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A tunnel boring machine cutterhead, comprising:

[0009] knife disc;

[0010] A hob provided on the working surface of the cutterhead;

[0011] A high-pressure water nozzle provided on the working surface of the cutterhead;

[0012] A scraper is provided on the working surface of the cutter disc and is used to remove accumulated slag. The scraper is provided around the periphery of the high-pressure water nozzle.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the scraper is arranged on the front side of the forward direction of the high-pressure water nozzle.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the scraper is a dovetail scraper;

[0015] The dovetail scraper includes two symmetrically arranged triangular blades, the first edges of the two triangular blades are connected to the working surface of the cutter disc, the second edges of the two triangular blades are connected to each other, the second edges extend in a direction away from the intersection of the second edges and the first edges in a direction away from the working surface of the cutter disc, and the third edges of the two triangular blades face the high-pressure water nozzle.

[0016] Optionally, in the above-mentioned cutterhead of the roadheader, the high-pressure water nozzles are arranged along the running trajectory of the cutter;

[0017] Alternatively, the high-pressure water nozzles are arranged on both sides of the running trajectory of the hob.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the working surface of the cutterhead is provided with a slag collecting port for collecting rock slag.

[0019] Optionally, in the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the number of the slag collection ports is multiple and they are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the cutterhead working surface.

[0020] Optionally, in the above-mentioned tunnel boring machine cutterhead, the height of the scraper is lower than or equal to the height of the roller.

[0021] Optionally, in the above-mentioned cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle extends out of the working surface of the cutterhead, and the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle extends to a height lower than the height of the scraper;

[0022] Alternatively, the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle is flush with the working surface of the cutter disc.

[0023] The present invention also provides a tunnel hard rock tunnel boring machine, comprising a tunnel boring machine cutterhead, wherein the tunnel boring machine cutterhead is a tunnel boring machine cutterhead as described in any one of the above items.

[0024] Optionally, the above-mentioned hard rock tunnel boring machine further includes:

[0025] A central rotary joint in communication with the high-pressure water nozzle, wherein the central rotary joint is arranged at the rotation center of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine;

[0026] A high-pressure pipeline for connecting the central rotary joint with the high-pressure water generating device;

[0027] A nozzle fixing bracket is arranged on the back side of the tunnel boring machine cutter head, and the high-pressure water nozzle is fixedly connected via the nozzle fixing bracket.

[0028] The tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided by the present invention utilizes a high-pressure water nozzle coupled with a roller cutter, effectively improving TBM construction efficiency, shortening construction periods, and increasing economic benefits. Furthermore, a scraper for removing accumulated debris is provided on the cutterhead's working surface. The scraper, positioned around the high-pressure water nozzle, removes soil and rock debris between the cutterhead and the tunnel face, ensuring that the water jet from the high-pressure water nozzle can directly impact the tunnel face, effectively cutting rock and increasing the high-pressure water's rock-breaking efficiency, thereby improving tunneling efficiency. Furthermore, the scraper blocks accumulated debris from moving toward the high-pressure water nozzle, effectively preventing it from clogging the hydraulic equipment (high-pressure water nozzle) and extending the nozzle's service life. That is, the tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided by the embodiment of the present invention changes the existing structural status quo of the high-pressure water nozzle in the prior art, which has no protective device around it and relies solely on the passive slag discharge of the TBM, to a hard isolation of the high-pressure water nozzle through a physical component (scraper), actively blocking the influence of accumulated slag on the high-pressure water nozzle, so that the high-pressure water jet is directly sprayed on the face to split and break the rock, ensuring the rock-breaking effect of the water jet and preventing the nozzle from being blocked. In addition, the water jet from the high-pressure water nozzle assists in rock breaking, which can increase the penetration speed of the cutter, reduce the wear of the cutter, extend the cutter change cycle, reduce the chance of cutter replacement, save the operation and maintenance costs of the TBM equipment, and save costs for the project.

[0029] The present invention further provides a hard rock tunnel boring machine, including a tunnel boring machine cutterhead, wherein the tunnel boring machine cutterhead is any of the above-described tunnel boring machine cutterheads. Since the above-described tunnel boring machine cutterheads have the above-described technical effects, a hard rock tunnel boring machine having the above-described tunnel boring machine cutterheads should also have the same technical effects, and will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is a partial schematic diagram of a cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3A partial cross-sectional view of a cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is an overall cross-sectional view of the cutter head of a tunnel boring machine in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The invention discloses a tunnel boring machine cutter head, which improves the tunneling efficiency and service life. The invention also provides a tunnel hard rock tunnel boring machine.

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cutterhead for a roadheader, comprising: a cutterhead 1, a roller cutter 2, a high-pressure water nozzle 5, and a scraper 6. The roller cutter 2 and the high-pressure water nozzle 5 are both disposed on the working surface of the cutterhead 1; the scraper 6 is disposed on the working surface of the cutterhead 1 and is used to remove accumulated slag. The scraper 6 is disposed around the high-pressure water nozzle 5.

[0038] The tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided in an embodiment of the present invention utilizes a high-pressure water nozzle 5 coupled to a roller cutter 2, effectively improving the TBM's construction efficiency, shortening construction periods, and increasing economic benefits. Furthermore, a scraper 6 for removing accumulated debris is provided on the working surface of the cutterhead 1. The scraper 6 is disposed around the high-pressure water nozzle 5 to remove soil and rock debris between the cutterhead and the tunnel face, ensuring that the water jet ejected from the high-pressure water nozzle 5 can directly act on the tunnel face, effectively cutting rock and improving the high-pressure water rock-breaking efficiency, thereby increasing tunneling efficiency. Furthermore, the scraper 6 blocks accumulated debris from moving toward the high-pressure water nozzle 5, effectively preventing it from clogging the hydraulic equipment (the high-pressure water nozzle 5) and increasing the nozzle's service life. That is, the tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided by the embodiment of the present invention changes the structural status quo of the prior art in which there is no protective device around the high-pressure water nozzle and the slag is discharged passively by the TBM, to a hard isolation around the high-pressure water nozzle 5 by a physical component (scraper 6), which actively blocks the influence of accumulated slag on the high-pressure water nozzle 5, so that the high-pressure water jet is directly sprayed on the face to split and break the rock, ensuring the rock-breaking effect of the water jet and preventing the nozzle from being blocked. In addition, the water jet of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 assists in rock breaking, which can increase the penetration speed of the hob 2, reduce the wear of the hob 2, extend the cutter change cycle of the hob 2, reduce the probability of replacing the hob 2, save the operation and maintenance costs of the TBM equipment, and save costs for the project.

[0039] As you can understand, the term "tunnel face" is used in tunnel construction. It refers to the working surface of a tunnel (in coal mining, mining, or tunneling) that is continuously advancing. Slag is the soil and rock debris that falls between the cutterhead and the tunnel face.

[0040] In this embodiment, the scraper 6 is positioned in front of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 in its forward direction. This arrangement effectively optimizes the scraper 6's ability to block the movement of accumulated slag toward the high-pressure water nozzle 5. The scraper 6 can also be positioned outside the high-pressure water nozzle 5, inside the high-pressure water nozzle 5, or even behind the high-pressure water nozzle 5, and can similarly block the movement of accumulated slag toward the high-pressure water nozzle 5 to a certain extent.

[0041] The outer side of the above-mentioned high-pressure water nozzle 5 is the side away from the rotation center of the cutter disc 1, the inner side of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 is the side close to the rotation center of the cutter disc 1, and the rear side of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 is the rear side of the forward direction of the high-pressure water nozzle 5.

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the scraper 6 is a dovetail scraper; the dovetail scraper includes two symmetrically arranged triangular blades, the first edges of the two triangular blades are connected to the working surface of the cutter disc 1, the second edges of the two triangular blades are connected to each other, the second edges extend away from the intersection of the second edges and the first edges in the direction away from the working surface of the cutter disc 1, and the third edges of the two triangular blades face the high-pressure water nozzle 5. Figure 2 The direction of the middle arrow indicates the forward movement of the roadheader cutterhead. This arrangement further enhances the effectiveness of scraper 6 in blocking slag from moving toward high-pressure water nozzle 5. Furthermore, the intersection of the first and second edges of the two triangular blades points in the forward direction of the roadheader cutterhead, effectively enhancing the blocking and scraping effect on slag and reducing the risk of damage to scraper 6.

[0043] In this embodiment, the high-pressure water nozzle 5 is positioned within the projection of the angle formed by the third sides of the two triangular blades. This projection is the projection of the angle formed by the third sides toward the working surface of the cutterhead 1. This arrangement ensures that the high-pressure water jet ejected from the high-pressure water nozzle 5 is unobstructed by the scraper 6 and flows outward. It also allows the high-pressure water nozzle 5 to be positioned as close as possible to the scraper 6, ensuring that the scraper 6 protects the front, inner, and outer sides of the high-pressure water nozzle 5, thereby preventing accumulated slag from moving toward the high-pressure water nozzle 5 in three directions.

[0044] In one embodiment, the high-pressure water nozzles 5 are arranged along the running track 4 of the disc cutter 2. Through the above arrangement, the high-pressure water nozzles 5 assist the disc cutter 2 to work together in the tunnel face area corresponding to the running track 4 to perform rock breaking operations.

[0045] In another embodiment, the high-pressure water nozzles 5 are arranged on both sides of the running trajectory 4 of the disc cutter 2. That is, the high-pressure water nozzles 5 act on the tunnel face areas corresponding to both sides of the running trajectory 4, while the disc cutter 2 acts on the tunnel face area corresponding to the running trajectory 4, thereby achieving rock breaking operation.

[0046] In this embodiment, the working surface of the cutterhead 1 is provided with a slag collection port 3 for collecting rock debris. This port facilitates the guided collection of rock debris and efficiently delivers it to the TBM slag hopper. This also further reduces the risk of falling debris and obstruction to the high-pressure water nozzle 5 and the rotary cutter 2. Rock debris includes the aforementioned accumulated debris as well as soil and rock debris that has not fallen between the cutterhead and the tunnel face.

[0047] In the tunnel boring machine cutterhead provided by an embodiment of the present invention, multiple slag collection openings 3 are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the cutterhead 1's working surface. In this embodiment, there are four slag collection openings 3. Other numbers are also possible. Positioning slag collection openings 3 at the edge of the cutterhead 1's working surface facilitates the collection of accumulated slag due to centrifugal action.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, in order to increase the service life of the scraper 6, the height of the scraper 6 is lower than or equal to the height of the hob 2. The height of the scraper 6 is the maximum distance between the scraper 6 and the working surface of the cutter disc 1; the height of the hob 2 is the maximum distance between the hob 2 and the working surface of the cutter disc 1.

[0049] In this embodiment, the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 extends beyond the working surface of the cutter head 1, and the height at which the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 extends is lower than the height of the scraper 6. By extending the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 beyond the working surface of the cutter head 1, the fixing strength of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 is ensured.

[0050] The outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 can also be flush with the working surface of the cutter head 1. The outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle 5 can also be retracted into the cutter head 1 and does not exceed the working surface of the cutter head 1.

[0051] The present invention further provides a hard rock tunnel boring machine, including a tunnel boring machine cutterhead, wherein the tunnel boring machine cutterhead is any of the above-described tunnel boring machine cutterheads. Since the above-described tunnel boring machine cutterheads have the above-described technical effects, a hard rock tunnel boring machine having the above-described tunnel boring machine cutterheads should also have the same technical effects, and will not be described in detail here.

[0052] The hard rock tunnel boring machine provided in this embodiment of the present invention also includes a central rotating joint, a high-pressure pipeline, and a nozzle mounting bracket. The central rotating joint is connected to a high-pressure water nozzle 5, located at the rotation center of the tunnel boring machine's cutterhead. The high-pressure pipeline connects the central rotating joint to a high-pressure water generator. The nozzle mounting bracket is located on the back of the tunnel boring machine's cutterhead, to which the high-pressure water nozzle 5 is fixedly connected. This arrangement ensures that the high-pressure water nozzle 5 can spray a stable water jet during the rotation of the tunnel boring machine's cutterhead.

[0053] The high-pressure water generator, located in the pulley (e.g., pulley No. 1) attached to the rear of the tunnel boring machine, consists of a filtration system, a booster plunger pump, a voltage stabilizer, a power motor, and a control system. High-pressure hoses are used in the interface between the rear of the tunnel boring machine and the main engine, and between the main drive and the cutterhead. High-pressure rigid pipes are used in other areas.

[0054] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0055] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine cutter head, characterized in that: include: Cutting disc (1); A hob (2) arranged on the working surface of the cutter head (1); A high-pressure water nozzle (5) is provided on the working surface of the cutter head (1), wherein the water jet of the high-pressure water nozzle (5) assists in rock breaking; a scraper (6) provided on the working surface of the cutter disc (1) and used for removing accumulated slag, the scraper (6) being provided around the periphery of the high-pressure water nozzle (5), and being used for removing soil and rock slag between the cutter disc (1) and the tunnel face, thereby ensuring that the water jet ejected from the high-pressure water nozzle (5) can directly act on the tunnel face; Wherein, the scraper (6) is arranged at the front side of the forward direction of the high-pressure water nozzle (5), and the scraper (6) is a dovetail scraper; The dovetail scraper comprises two symmetrically arranged triangular blades, wherein the first edges of the two triangular blades are connected to the working surface of the cutter disc (1), the second edges of the two triangular blades are connected to each other, the second edges extend in a direction away from the intersection of the second edges and the first edges in a direction away from the working surface of the cutter disc (1), and the third edges of the two triangular blades face the high-pressure water nozzle (5).

2. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: The high-pressure water nozzle (5) is arranged along the running track line (4) of the hob (2); Alternatively, the high-pressure water nozzles (5) are arranged on both sides of the running track line (4) of the hob (2).

3. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: The working surface of the cutter head (1) is provided with a slag collecting opening (3) for collecting rock slag.

4. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slag collecting openings (3) are multiple in number and are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the working surface of the cutter head (1).

5. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: The height of the scraper (6) is lower than or equal to the height of the roller (2).

6. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle (5) extends out of the working surface of the cutter disc (1), and the height at which the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle (5) extends out is lower than the height of the scraper (6); Alternatively, the outlet end of the high-pressure water nozzle (5) is flush with the working surface of the cutter head (1).

7. A tunnel boring machine, comprising a cutting head, characterized in that: The tunnel boring machine cutterhead is the tunnel boring machine cutterhead according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The hard rock tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: a central rotary joint in communication with the high-pressure water nozzle (5), the central rotary joint being arranged at the rotation center of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine; A high-pressure pipeline for connecting the central rotary joint with the high-pressure water generating device; A nozzle fixing frame is arranged on the back of the tunnel boring machine cutter head, and the high-pressure water nozzle (5) is fixedly connected via the nozzle fixing frame.

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