Interlocking - Monomer Gabion Embedded Underwater Pipeline Protection Structure Against Ship Anchors and Construction Method

Abstract

The present invention provides an interlocking - monomer gabion embedded underwater pipeline protection structure against ship anchors, which includes a central layer on both sides of the pipeline. A transition layer is provided outside the central layer. The central layer and the transition layer have the same structure and respectively include a plurality of interlocking gabions arranged longitudinally and connected adjacent to each other. An anti - lifting layer is provided outside the transition layer, and the anti - lifting layer includes a plurality of first monomer gabions arranged longitudinally; an anti - ship - anchor penetration layer is provided above the central layer, the transition layer and the pipeline, and the anti - ship - anchor penetration layer includes a plurality of second monomer gabions. The present invention also provides a construction method for the above - mentioned underwater pipeline protection structure. The structure of the present invention is simple, with a low cost, stable and reliable, and easy to install. It has good resistance to the action modes of ship anchors such as dragging, lifting, and penetration damage, has a comprehensive anti - ship - anchor action ability, and an excellent protection effect. After a single ship - anchor damage accident occurs, individual monomer gabions on the periphery are damaged, which has no impact on the overall structure, and the repair of the monomer gabions is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an underwater pipeline protection structure against the harm of ship anchors, in particular to an interlocking - monomer gabion embedded underwater pipeline protection structure against ship anchors and a construction method thereof, which are used for protecting power transmission cables, communication optical cables, oil and gas pipelines and other pipelines, cable facilities, etc. in river, lake and marine environments. Background Art

[0002] According to statistics, the main culprit for the damage of submarine cables, optical cables, etc. internationally is ship anchors. More than 70% of all cable failures are caused by ships dropping anchors. In addition, accidents of underwater pipelines being damaged by ship anchors also occur from time to time. The uncertainty of the anchor dropping point and the large destructive force of ship anchors pose a great threat to submarine pipelines. Due to geological conditions and other reasons, some underwater pipelines cannot be buried for protection. Especially for pipelines crossing navigation channels, due to factors such as large water flow velocity and requirements for water depth in the navigation channel, it is extremely difficult to protect the pipelines against the harm of ship anchors.

[0003] The specification of the Chinese invention patent application with the application number 201710014509.5 discloses an evaluation method for the potential anchor harm of ships to submarine cables, and its specific steps are as follows: S1: Anchor dropping operation; S2: Calculation of the initial kinetic energy of the ship anchor; S3: Calculation of water resistance; S4: Calculation of the impact energy of the ship anchor; S5: Calculation of the maximum impact energy that the submarine pipeline can withstand; S6: Selection of the anchor mooring point. Although this invention determines the optimal anchor dropping and mooring point of the ship by comparing and analyzing the data calculated through experiments and the maximum impact force that the submarine pipeline at the bottom of the actual sea area can withstand, so as to reduce the damage of the submarine pipeline caused by the impact of the ship anchor thrown by the ship, however, in the actual environment, it is very difficult to accurately evaluate the optimal anchor dropping and mooring point of the ship and prevent the phenomenon of ship anchors damaging submarine cables.

[0004] The specification of the Chinese utility model patent application with the application number 201520421749.3 discloses a submarine cable protection device with a rock - based seabed fiberglass protection pipe covering a prism of riprap, including: submarine cable, a haff - type ball - hinge shock - absorbing high - strength fiberglass protection pipe, a triangular prism riprap protection layer, a quadrangular prism riprap protection layer, and reefs and rock bases. It is characterized in that: the surface of the submarine cable is sleeved with a haff - type ball - hinge shock - absorbing high - strength fiberglass protection pipe, and the submarine cable with the haff - type ball - hinge shock - absorbing high - strength fiberglass protection pipe sleeved on its surface is laid on the reef and rock - based seabed; the haff - type ball - hinge shock - absorbing high - strength fiberglass protection pipe is covered with a triangular prism riprap protection layer, and a quadrangular prism riprap protection layer is covered on the triangular prism riprap protection layer. Although this utility model can protect submarine cables, the construction of the triangular prism riprap protection layer and the quadrangular prism riprap protection layer is difficult, and it is extremely inconvenient to repair after being damaged by ship anchors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an interlocking - single - body gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure to overcome the above - mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an interlocking - single - body gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure. The pipeline is arranged on the bed surface and includes a central layer on both sides of the pipeline. A transition layer is provided outside the central layer. The central layer and the transition layer have the same structure and each includes a plurality of longitudinally arranged and adjacent - connected interlocking gabions. The central layer and the transition layer together form an anti - drag layer. An anti - uplift layer is provided outside the transition layer, and the anti - uplift layer includes a plurality of first single - body gabions arranged longitudinally. An anti - penetration layer is provided above the central layer, the transition layer and the pipeline, and the anti - penetration layer includes a plurality of second single - body gabions.

[0007] Preferably, the transition layer is arranged parallel to the central layer with a butt joint.

[0008] Preferably, adjacent interlocking gabions are connected end - to - end by a lock to form an interlocking structure.

[0009] Preferably, a clamping groove is arranged at one end of the interlocking gabion, and a plug is arranged at the other end. The clamping groove of one interlocking gabion cooperates with the plug of the adjacent interlocking gabion to form a lock.

[0010] Preferably, a gap is left between the inner wall of the clamping groove and the outer wall of the plug.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of the second single - body gabions are arranged longitudinally.

[0012] Preferably, the anti - uplift layer is arranged with a butt joint with the transition layer.

[0013] Preferably, the total width from the left end of the left - hand transition layer to the right end of the right - hand transition layer is the same as the width of the anti - penetration layer.

[0014] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is a construction method of the interlocking - single - body gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure, including the following steps:

[0015] S1. Install single interlocking gabions in sequence on both sides of the underwater pipeline and connect them end - to - end by a lock to form an integral central layer;

[0016] S2. Install single interlocking gabions in sequence on both sides of the central layer and connect them end - to - end by a lock to form an integral transition layer;

[0017] S3. Install single first single - body gabions in sequence on both sides of the transition layer to form an anti - uplift layer;

[0018] S4. Install single second single - body gabions in sequence on the anti - drag layer to form an anti - penetration layer.

[0019] As described above, the chain - monomer gabion embedded underwater pipeline protection structure and construction method involved in the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. It has strong resistance to water flow and wave action and good integrity.

[0021] 2. The cross - section shape of the structure is relatively small, especially the height of the underwater bed surface is small, which has little impact on the flow - through cross - section and the net water depth.

[0022] 3. It has good resistance to the action modes of ship anchors such as dragging, lifting, and penetration damage, has comprehensive anti - ship - anchor action ability, and excellent protection effect.

[0023] 4. After a single ship - anchor damage accident occurs, individual monomer gabions on the periphery are damaged, which has no impact on the overall structure, and the repair of the monomer gabions is simple.

[0024] 5. The structure is simple, the cost is relatively low, it is stable and reliable, and the installation is convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross - section of the structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 the sectional view taken along the line I - I in

[0027] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 the sectional view taken along the line II - II in

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first monomer gabion or the second monomer gabion.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the chain gabion.

[0030] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 the enlarged view of the A circle in

[0031] Figure 7 It is Figure 5 the enlarged view of the B circle in

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the locking buckle.

[0033] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of anti - ship - anchor dragging damage of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of anti - lifting damage of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0035] Figure 11Schematic diagram of the anti-lifting damage principle of the present invention Figure 2 。

[0036] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the anti-lifting damage principle of the present invention Figure 3 。

[0037] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the anti-penetration damage principle of the present invention Figure 1 。

[0038] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the anti-penetration damage principle of the present invention Figure 2 。

[0039] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the anti-penetration damage principle of the present invention Figure 3 。

[0040] Description of component labels

[0041] 1 Pipeline

[0042] 2 Bed surface

[0043] 3 Anti-dragging layer

[0044] 31 Central layer

[0045] 32 Transition layer

[0046] 4 Interlocking gabion

[0047] 41 Lock

[0048] 411 Card slot

[0049] 412 Bolt

[0050] 5 Anti-lifting layer

[0051] 51 First single gabion

[0052] 6 Anti-penetration layer

[0053] 61 Second single gabion

[0054] 7 Ship anchor Specific implementation mode

[0055] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation mode of the present invention. Those familiar with this technology can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0056] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they do not have technical substantive significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the efficacy that the present invention can produce and the purpose that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope that the technical content disclosed by the present invention can cover. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of their relative relationship, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope that the present invention can implement.

[0057] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, the present invention provides a chain - monomer gabion interlocked underwater pipeline protection structure. The underwater pipeline 1 is arranged on the bed surface 2. Center layers 31 are respectively arranged on both sides of the pipeline 1. The center layer 31 includes a plurality of interconnected chain gabions 4 arranged longitudinally, and the center layer 31 is arranged closely adjacent to both sides of the underwater pipeline 1. A transition layer 32 is arranged in parallel on the outside of the center layer 31. The transition layer 32 is arranged in a butt joint and parallel manner with the center layer 31. The transition layer 32 includes a plurality of interconnected chain gabions 4 arranged longitudinally. The center layer 31 and the transition layer 32 form an anti - drag layer 3. When a horizontal force acts on the transition layer 32, the force received by a single chain gabion 4 is evenly diffused and transmitted to the center layer 31, improving the overall horizontal stiffness. An anti - uplift layer 5 is arranged on the outside of the transition layer 32. The anti - uplift layer 5 is arranged in a butt joint with the transition layer 32. The anti - uplift layer 5 includes a plurality of first monomer gabions 51 arranged longitudinally. An anti - penetration layer 6 is arranged above the center layer 31, the transition layer 32 and the pipeline 1. The anti - penetration layer 6 includes a plurality of second monomer gabions 61. In the present invention, the chain gabions 4, the first monomer gabions 51 and the second monomer gabions 61 are connected and interlocked according to a certain rule to form a structure. The anti - drag layer 3 has good integrity and horizontal stiffness and forms the core of the entire underwater pipeline protection structure. Together with the anti - uplift layer 5 and the anti - penetration layer 6, it resists the horizontal drag force of the ship anchor 7 by relying on the friction force with the bed surface 2.

[0058] As Figure 2 、 Figures 5 to 8As shown, preferably, the adjacent connecting gabions 4 are connected end to end by the locking fasteners 41 to form a connecting structure, making the connection between adjacent connecting gabions 4 more reliable. Preferably, a clamping groove 411 is arranged at one end of the connecting gabion 4, and a bolt 412 is arranged at the other end. The clamping groove 411 of one connecting gabion 4 cooperates with the bolt 412 of the adjacent connecting gabion 4 to form the locking fastener 41. Preferably, a spacing is left between the inner wall of the clamping groove 411 and the outer wall of the bolt 412, so that the size of the clamping groove 411 is larger than that of the bolt 412, and the bolt 412 has a certain movement space in the clamping groove 411, ensuring that the connecting gabion 4 is easy to install and can adapt to terrain changes. In a preferred embodiment, as Figure 8 shown, the cross section of the clamping groove 411 is waist-shaped, the cross section of the bolt 412 is circular, and the bolt 412 can slide back and forth along the long axis direction of the clamping groove 411, facilitating the rapid installation of the connecting gabion 4.

[0059] Preferably, a plurality of the second single gabions 61 are arranged longitudinally, and the total width from the left end to the right end of the left transition layer 32 is the same as the width of the anti-penetration layer 6. Preferably, the connecting gabion 4, the first single gabion 51 and the second single gabion 61 have the same specifications and external dimensions, which is convenient for processing and installation.

[0060] The working principle of the anti-ship anchor of the present invention is as follows:

[0061] As Figure 9 shown, when the ship anchor 7 horizontally drags the anti-lifting layer 5, the horizontal acting force of the ship anchor 7 is transmitted to the transition layer 32 of the anti-dragging layer 3 on the ship anchor acting side through the first single gabion 51 of the anti-lifting layer 5, and then diffuses to the central layer 31, and a part of the force is transmitted to the anti-dragging layer 3 and the anti-lifting layer 4 on the other side of the pipeline 1 through the friction between the anti-dragging layer 3 and the anti-penetration layer 6. The anti-dragging layer 3, the anti-lifting layer 5 and the anti-penetration layer 6 jointly resist the horizontal dragging action in an overall form, and the total friction force with the bed surface is greater than the horizontal dragging force of the ship anchor 7, preventing the ship anchor 7 from dragging and damaging the pipeline 1 in a horizontal trajectory.

[0062] As Figure 10 shown, when the dragging force of the ship anchor 7 continues to increase and the vertical component of the dragging force is greater than the gravity of the first single gabion 51 of the anti-lifting layer 5, the horizontal dragging force is still less than the total friction force between the anti-dragging layer 3, the anti-lifting layer 5 and the anti-penetration layer 6 and the bed surface 2, and the first single gabion 51 flips along the contact surface with the transition layer 32.

[0063] As Figure 11As shown, the first single-unit gabion 51 affected by the ship anchor 7 flips and detaches from the anti-lifting layer 5. The ship anchor 7 is lifted as the first single-unit gabion 51 flips, and its trajectory changes from horizontal towards the pipeline 1 to obliquely upward, avoiding the anti-dragging layer 3 and the pipeline 1, preventing the ship anchor 7 from lifting the anti-dragging layer and damaging the pipeline. The anti-penetration layer 6 should not press on the anti-lifting layer 5 to prevent interfering with the flipping and detachment of the first single-unit gabion 51 of the anti-lifting layer 5 and changing the movement trajectory of the ship anchor 7.

[0064] As Figure 12 shown, when the first single-unit gabion 51 of the anti-lifting layer 5 affected by the ship anchor 7 completes flipping, the ship anchor 7 detaches from the first single-unit gabion 51 and slides along the surface of the anti-penetration layer 6, finally detaching from the structure protected by this patent, preventing the ship anchor from lifting the anti-dragging layer 3 and causing overall damage, and ultimately endangering the pipeline.

[0065] As Figure 13 shown, when the ship anchor 7 moves vertically towards the pipeline 1, the anti-penetration layer 6 dissipates the energy of the ship anchor 7 and transfers the acting force to the anti-dragging layer 3. The ship anchor 7 only penetrates a certain depth into the anti-penetration layer, does not penetrate through, and does not touch the pipeline, preventing the ship anchor from hitting and damaging the pipeline.

[0066] As Figure 14 and Figure 15 shown, after the ship anchor 7 touches the bottom and penetrates into the anti-penetration layer 6, due to the movement of the ship, the ship anchor generates a horizontal dragging force. The penetrated second single-unit gabion 61 is dragged by the ship anchor and slides away from the anti-penetration layer along the surfaces of the anti-dragging layer 3 and the anti-lifting layer 5, preventing overall damage to the protective cover. The anti-penetration layer 6 should fully press on the anti-dragging layer 3 to prevent the anti-dragging layer from being exposed, penetrated and dragged by the ship anchor 7, resulting in overall structural damage.

[0067] During the construction of the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:

[0068] S1. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, install the central layer 31 on both sides of the underwater pipeline 1 adjacent to it, and sequentially install single interlocking gabions 4 and connect them end to end into an integral central layer 31 through the locking clasps 41;

[0069] S2. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, install the transition layer 32 in parallel on both sides of the central layer 31. The transition layer 32 and the central layer 31 are arranged in a butt joint manner. Sequentially install single interlocking gabions 4 and connect them end to end into an integral transition layer 32 through the locking clasps 41;

[0070] S3. As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, install the anti-lifting layer 5 in parallel on both sides of the transition layer 32. Sequentially install single first single-unit gabions 51 to form the anti-lifting layer 5. The anti-lifting layer 5 and the transition layer 32 are arranged in a butt joint manner;

[0071] S4. As Figure 1 and Figure 3 shown, the anti-penetration layer 6 is vertically installed on the anti-dragging layer 3, and the single second monomer gabion 61 is sequentially installed to form the anti-penetration layer 6.

[0072] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0073] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes completed by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chain - monomer gabion embedded underwater pipeline protection structure, where the pipeline (1) is arranged on the bed surface (2), and is characterized in that, It includes a central layer (31) located on both sides of the pipeline (1). An intermediate layer (32) is provided outside the central layer (31). The central layer (31) and the intermediate layer (32) have the same structure and each includes a plurality of interconnected cribs (4) arranged longitudinally. The intermediate layer (32) is arranged parallel to the central layer (31) with a lap joint, and they jointly form an anti-dragging layer (3). An anti-lifting layer (5) is provided outside the intermediate layer (32). The anti-lifting layer (5) includes a plurality of first single cribs (51) arranged longitudinally. An anti-penetration layer (6) is provided above the central layer (31), the intermediate layer (32) and the pipeline (1). The anti-penetration layer (6) includes a plurality of second single cribs (61) arranged longitudinally. One end of the crib (4) is provided with a slot (411), and the other end is provided with a bolt (412). The slot (411) of one crib (4) cooperates with the bolt (412) of the adjacent crib (4) to form a lock (41). The total width from the left end of the left intermediate layer (32) to the right end of the right intermediate layer (32) is the same as the width of the anti-penetration layer (6), and the anti-penetration layer (6) does not cover the anti-lifting layer (5).

2. The chain - monomer gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: The longitudinally adjacent cribs (4) are connected end to end through the lock (41) to form a chain-like structure.

3. The chain - monomer gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gap is left between the inner wall of the slot (411) and the outer wall of the bolt (412).

4. The chain - monomer gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-lifting layer (5) is arranged with a lap joint with the intermediate layer (32).

5. A construction method of the chain - monomer gabion embedded anti - ship - anchor underwater pipeline protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Install individual cribs (4) successively on both sides of the underwater pipeline (1) and connect them end to end through the lock (41) to form an integral central layer (31); S2. Install individual cribs (4) successively on both sides of the central layer (31) and connect them end to end through the lock (41) to form an integral intermediate layer (32); S3. Install individual first single cribs (51) successively on both sides of the intermediate layer (32) to form an anti-lifting layer (5); S4. Install individual second single cribs (61) successively on the anti-dragging layer (3) to form an anti-penetration layer (6).

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