Liquid crystal phase shifter and liquid crystal antenna

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid crystal phase shifter and a liquid crystal antenna, belonging to the field of communication technology. The liquid crystal phase shifter of the present invention comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located on the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises: a first base, a first electrode layer located on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate comprises: a second base, a second electrode layer located on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the first electrode layer comprises: a main structure; the main structure has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; a branch structure is connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main structure; wherein the second electrode layer of the second conductive structure is located in the peripheral area of ​​the second base, and partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the branch structure on the first base.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of communications, and in particular relates to a liquid crystal phase shifter and a liquid crystal antenna. Background Art

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown, today's liquid crystal phase shifter usually includes a first substrate and a second substrate that are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein a microstrip line 1 is arranged on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and a periodically arranged metal patch 2 is arranged on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; for this type of phase shifter, a voltage can be applied to the microstrip line 1 and the metal patch 2 to form an electric field between the two, so that the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are deflected, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer, and then changing the overlapping capacitance formed by the metal patch 2 and the microstrip line 1, so as to achieve phase shifting of the microwave signal.

[0003] However, the inventors have discovered that in existing liquid crystal phase shifters, each metal patch is usually connected to the ground via an ITO (indium tin oxide) lead 3, and the ITO lead 3 is very likely to introduce a large inductance and resistance, resulting in the microwave signal being unable to sense the change in the overlapping capacitance formed by the metal patch 2 and the microstrip line 1, thereby causing the microwave signal to be unable to shift phase. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provide a liquid crystal phase shifter and a liquid crystal antenna which can effectively shift the phase of a microwave signal.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located on the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises: a first base, a first electrode layer located on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate comprises: a second base, a second electrode layer located on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer;

[0006] The first electrode layer comprises: a main body structure; the main body structure has a first side and a second side which are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; a branch structure is connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure; wherein

[0007] The second electrode layer is located in a peripheral area of ​​the second substrate and partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the branch structure on the first substrate.

[0008] Preferably, the branch structure is connected to both the first side and the second side of the main structure; and the branch structure connected to the first side and the branch structure connected to the second side are symmetrically arranged along the main structure.

[0009] Preferably, the second electrode layer includes: a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure; wherein,

[0010] The first conductive structure and the branch structure connected to the first side of the main structure partially overlap in their orthographic projections on the first substrate;

[0011] The second conductive structure and the branch structure connected to the second side of the main structure partially overlap in their orthographic projections on the first substrate.

[0012] Preferably, the first electrode layer is a microstrip line; and a ground electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.

[0013] Preferably, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are respectively connected to the conductive terminal of the ground electrode through metal connecting wires.

[0014] Preferably, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are both planar electrodes.

[0015] Preferably, the branch structures are connected to only one side of the first side and the second side of the main structure; and the second electrode layer is only located on one side of the second substrate corresponding to all the branch structures.

[0016] Preferably, the second electrode layer is a planar electrode.

[0017] Preferably, the first electrode layer is a microstrip line; and a ground electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.

[0018] Preferably, the second electrode layer is connected to the conductive terminal of the ground electrode through a metal connecting wire.

[0019] Preferably, the plurality of branch structures located on the same side of the main structure have the same shape.

[0020] Preferably, the distances between any two adjacent branch structures on the same side are the same.

[0021] Preferably, the main structure and the branch structure are an integrally formed structure.

[0022] The technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a liquid crystal antenna, including the above-mentioned liquid crystal phase shifter.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The first electrode layer in the phase shifter of the present invention can not only be used for the transmission of microwave signals, but also can be applied with voltage thereon, and when voltage is applied to the second electrode layer, an electric field is formed between the branch structure of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, so as to deflect the liquid crystal molecules and change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer, thereby achieving the phase shift of the microwave signal. In the present invention, the second electrode layer is arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate, so there is no need to use a longer ITO lead to load the voltage signal to the second electrode layer, thereby effectively avoiding the problem that the ITO lead is very likely to introduce a large inductance and resistance, resulting in an ineffective phase shift. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a top view of an existing liquid crystal phase shifter;

[0026] Figure 2 is a top view of a liquid crystal phase shifter according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a side view of a liquid crystal phase shifter according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is a top view of a liquid crystal phase shifter according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a side view of a liquid crystal phase shifter according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0030] The figures are marked as follows: 1. microstrip line; 2. metal patch; 3. ITO lead; 10. first electrode layer; 11. main structure; 12. branch structure; 20. second electrode layer; 21. first conductive structure; 22. second conductive structure; 30. ground electrode; 40. first substrate; 50. second substrate; 60. liquid crystal layer; 61. liquid crystal molecules; 70. metal connecting line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this embodiment should be understood by a person with ordinary skills in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in this embodiment do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0033] It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” or “under” another element, it can be “directly on” or “under” the other element or intervening elements may be present.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] The present embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer located on the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises: a first base, a first electrode layer located on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the first electrode layer comprises: a main structure; the main structure has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; a branch structure is connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main structure; the second substrate comprises: a second base, a second electrode layer located on the side of the second base close to the liquid crystal layer; the second electrode layer is located in the peripheral area of ​​the second base, and partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the branch structure on the first base.

[0036] In the phase shifter of this embodiment, the first electrode layer can not only be used for the transmission of microwave signals, but also can be applied with voltage thereon, and when voltage is applied to the second electrode layer, an electric field is formed between the branch structure of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, so as to deflect the liquid crystal molecules and change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer, thereby achieving the phase shift of the microwave signal. In this embodiment, the second electrode layer is arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate, so there is no need to use a longer ITO lead to load the voltage signal to the second electrode layer, thereby avoiding the problem that the ITO lead is very likely to introduce a large inductance and resistance, resulting in an ineffective phase shift.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] Combination Figure 2 and 3As shown, this embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter, including: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 60 located on the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate includes: a first base 40, a first electrode layer 10 located on the side of the first base 40 close to the liquid crystal layer 60; the first electrode layer 10 includes: a main structure 11; the main structure 11 has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; the first electrode layer 10 also includes a plurality of periodically arranged branch structures 12 connected to the first side of the main structure 11. The second electrode layer 20 on the second substrate is located in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate 50, and at a position corresponding to the branch structure 12 on the first substrate 40, and partially overlaps with the projection of the branch structure 12 on the substrate. Of course, the branch structure 12 can also be connected to the second side of the main structure 11. In this embodiment, the branch structure 12 is connected to the first side of the main structure 11 as an example for explanation.

[0039] Among them, the first electrode layer 10 can be a microstrip line (that is, the microstrip line includes a main structure 11 and a branch structure 12, and the two are an integrally formed structure), and a ground electrode 30 is also provided on the side of the first substrate 40 away from the microstrip line, and the positive projections on the first substrate 40 overlap at least partially. At this time, the ground electrode 30 and the microstrip line constitute a microwave transmission structure, so that most of the microwave signals fed into the microstrip line by the feeding interface are transmitted in the first substrate 40 between the ground electrode 30 and the microstrip line, and since the first substrate 40 is usually made of glass material, it basically does not absorb microwave signals, so the loss of microwave signals is very small. A small part of the microwave signal is transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 60. When the microstrip line and the second electrode layer 20 are applied with voltage, the liquid crystal molecules 61 are deflected, and the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 60 changes, thereby realizing the phase shift of the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 60, and then the microwave signal of the first substrate 40 and the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 60 are transmitted alternately, thereby realizing the overall phase shift of the microwave signal.

[0040] The second electrode layer 20 can be connected to the conductive terminal of the ground electrode 30 through the metal connecting wire 70. At this time, the signals loaded on the ground electrode 30 and the second electrode layer 20 are the same. This connection facilitates the control of the phase shifter and simplifies the wiring. The material of the metal connecting wire 70 can be copper, but is not limited to copper. Of course, conductive terminals can also be set at the edge of the second substrate to allow the ground electrode 30 and the second electrode layer 20 to be controlled separately.

[0041] The sizes of the branch structures 12 in the first electrode layer 10 are the same, and the spacing between the branch structures is the same. Of course, the spacing between the branch structures 12 can also be arranged according to a certain rule. Moreover, the width of the position where the branch structure 12 overlaps the second electrode layer 20 can be inconsistent with the width of the remaining positions of the branch structure 12, which can be set according to the specific product.

[0042] Among them, in this embodiment, the main structure 11 and the branch structure 12 of the microstrip line are set as an integrally formed structure, that is, the two are set in the same layer and made of the same material. In this way, the two can be prepared in one patterning process, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0043] Among them, the first substrate 40 and the second substrate 50 can adopt a glass substrate with a thickness of 100-1000 microns, or a sapphire substrate, and can also use a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, a triallyl cyanurate substrate, and a polyimide transparent flexible substrate with a thickness of 10-500 microns. Specifically, the first substrate 40 and the second substrate 50 can adopt high-purity quartz glass with extremely low dielectric loss. Compared with ordinary glass substrates, the first substrate 40 and the second substrate 50 use quartz glass to effectively reduce the loss of microwaves, so that the phase shifter has low power consumption and high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0044] The materials of the microstrip line, the ground electrode 30 and the second electrode layer 20 can all be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel or iron.

[0045] Among them, the liquid crystal molecules 61 in the liquid crystal layer 60 are positive liquid crystal molecules 61 or negative liquid crystal molecules 61. It should be noted that when the liquid crystal molecules 61 are positive liquid crystal molecules 61, the angle between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 61 and the second electrode in the specific embodiment of the present invention is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees. When the liquid crystal molecules 61 are negative liquid crystal molecules 61, the angle between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 61 and the second electrode in the specific embodiment of the present invention is greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees, which ensures that after the liquid crystal molecules 61 are deflected, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 60 is changed to achieve the purpose of phase shift.

[0046] The microstrip line in the phase shifter of this embodiment can not only be used for the transmission of microwave signals, but also can be applied with voltage thereon, and when voltage is applied to the second electrode layer 20, an electric field is formed between the branch structure 12 of the microstrip line and the second electrode layer 20, so as to deflect the liquid crystal molecules 61 and change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 60, thereby achieving the phase shift of the microwave signal. In this embodiment, the second electrode layer 20 is arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate 50, so there is no need to use a longer ITO lead to load the voltage signal to the second electrode layer 20, thereby effectively avoiding the problem that the ITO lead is very likely to introduce a large inductance and resistance, resulting in ineffective phase shift.

[0047] Embodiment 3:

[0048] Combination Figure 4 and 5As shown, this embodiment provides a liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 60 located on the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises: a first base 40, a first electrode layer 10 located on the side of the first base 40 close to the liquid crystal layer 60; the first electrode layer 10 comprises: a main structure 11; the main structure 11 has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; the phase shifter also comprises a branch structure 12 connected to the first side and the second side of the main structure 11 of the first electrode, and the branch structure 12 connected to the first side and the branch structure 12 connected to the second side are symmetrically arranged along the main structure 11. The second electrode layer 20 comprises: a first conductive structure 21 and a second conductive structure 22; wherein the first conductive structure 21 and the branch structure 12 connected to the first side of the main structure 11 partially overlap in their orthographic projection on the first base 40; the second conductive structure 22 and the branch structure 12 connected to the second side of the main structure 11 partially overlap in their orthographic projection on the first base 40.

[0049] Among them, the first electrode layer 10 can be a microstrip line (that is, the microstrip line includes a main structure 11 and a branch structure 12, and the two are an integrally formed structure), and a ground electrode 30 is also provided on the side of the first substrate 40 away from the microstrip line, and the positive projections on the first substrate 40 overlap at least partially. At this time, the ground electrode 30 and the microstrip line constitute a microwave transmission structure, so that most of the microwave signals fed into the microstrip line by the feeding interface are transmitted in the first substrate 40 between the ground electrode 30 and the microstrip line, and since the first substrate 40 is usually made of glass material, it basically does not absorb microwave signals, so the loss of microwave signals is very small. A small part of the microwave signal is transmitted in the liquid crystal layer 60. When the microstrip line and the first conductive structure 21 and the second conductive structure 22 are applied with voltage, the liquid crystal molecules 61 are deflected, and the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 60 changes, thereby realizing the phase shift of the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 60, and then the microwave signal of the first substrate 40 and the microwave signal in the liquid crystal layer 60 are transmitted alternately, thereby realizing the overall phase shift of the microwave signal.

[0050] Among them, the first conductive structure 21 and the second conductive structure 22 can be connected to the conductive terminal of the ground electrode 30 through the metal connecting wire 70 respectively. At this time, the signals loaded on the ground electrode 30, the first conductive structure 21 and the second conductive structure 22 are the same, which facilitates the control of the phase shifter. The material of the metal connecting wire 70 can be copper, but is not limited to copper. Of course, conductive terminals can also be set at the edge of the second substrate to allow the ground electrode 30, the first conductive structure 21 and the second conductive structure 22 to be controlled separately.

[0051] Among them, the sizes of the branch structures 12 in the first electrode layer 10 are the same, and the spacing between the branch structures is the same. Of course, the spacing between the branch structures 12 can also be arranged according to a certain rule. Moreover, the width of the position where the branch structure 12 overlaps with the first conductive structure 21 and the second conductive structure 22 of the second electrode layer 20 can be inconsistent with the width of the remaining positions of the branch structure 12, which can be specifically set according to the specific product.

[0052] Among them, in this embodiment, the main structure 11 and the branch structure 12 of the first electrode layer 10 are set as an integrally formed structure, that is, the two are set in the same layer and made of the same material. In this way, the two can be prepared in one composition process, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0053] Among them, the first substrate 40 and the second substrate 50 can adopt a glass substrate with a thickness of 100-1000 microns, or a sapphire substrate, and can also use a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, a triallyl cyanurate substrate, and a polyimide transparent flexible substrate with a thickness of 10-500 microns. Specifically, the first substrate 40 and the second substrate 50 can adopt high-purity quartz glass with extremely low dielectric loss. Compared with ordinary glass substrates, the first substrate 40 and the second substrate 50 use quartz glass to effectively reduce the loss of microwaves, so that the phase shifter has low power consumption and high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0054] The materials of the microstrip line, the ground electrode 30 , the first conductive structure 21 , and the second conductive structure 22 can all be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, or iron.

[0055] Among them, the liquid crystal molecules 61 in the liquid crystal layer 60 are positive liquid crystal molecules 61 or negative liquid crystal molecules 61. It should be noted that when the liquid crystal molecules 61 are positive liquid crystal molecules 61, the angle between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 61 and the second electrode in the specific embodiment of the present invention is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees. When the liquid crystal molecules 61 are negative liquid crystal molecules 61, the angle between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 61 and the second electrode in the specific embodiment of the present invention is greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees, which ensures that after the liquid crystal molecules 61 are deflected, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 60 is changed to achieve the purpose of phase shift.

[0056] The microstrip line in the phase shifter of this embodiment can not only be used for the transmission of microwave signals, but also can be applied with voltage thereon, and when voltage is applied to the first conductive structure 21 and the second conductive structure 22, an electric field is formed between the branch structure 12 connected to the first side of the main structure 11 of the microstrip line and the first conductive structure 21, and between the branch structure 12 connected to the second side of the main structure 11 of the microstrip line and the second conductive structure 22, so as to deflect the liquid crystal molecules 61 at the corresponding position, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 60, and thus realize the phase shift of the microwave signal. In this embodiment, the second electrode layer 20 is arranged in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate 50, so there is no need to use a longer ITO lead to load the voltage signal to the second electrode layer 20, so that the problem that the ITO lead is very easy to introduce a large inductance and resistance, resulting in ineffective phase shifting, can be effectively avoided.

[0057] Embodiment 4:

[0058] This embodiment provides a liquid crystal antenna, which includes any one of the liquid crystal phase shifters in Embodiments 1-3, so the phase shifting effect of the liquid crystal phase shifter is better.

[0059] At least two patch units are further arranged on the side of the second substrate 50 away from the liquid crystal layer 60, wherein the gap between each two patch units is arranged corresponding to the gap between the branch structures 12. In this way, the microwave signal after phase adjustment by the phase shifter in Example 1 can be radiated from the gap between the patch units. Of course, the liquid crystal antenna also includes a feeding interface for feeding the microwave signal in the cable to the microwave signal transmission structure, such as a microstrip line.

[0060] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising: A first substrate and a second substrate are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises: a first base, and a first electrode layer is located on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate comprises: a second base, and a second electrode layer is located on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; characterized in that, The first electrode layer comprises: a main body structure; the main body structure has a first side and a second side which are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; a branch structure is connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure; the main body structure and the branch structure are made of the same material; wherein The second electrode layer is located in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate and overlaps with the orthographic projection of the branch structure on the first substrate; the branch structure is connected to both the first side and the second side of the main structure; and the branch structure connected to the first side and the branch structure connected to the second side are symmetrically arranged along the main structure; the second electrode layer includes: a first conductive structure and a second conductive structure; wherein, The first conductive structure and the branch structure connected to the first side of the main structure partially overlap in their orthographic projections on the first substrate; The second conductive structure and the branch structure connected to the second side of the main structure partially overlap in their orthographic projections on the first substrate; The first electrode layer is a microstrip line; a ground electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.

2. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are respectively connected to the conductive terminals of the ground electrode through metal connecting wires.

3. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are both planar electrodes.

4. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of branch structures located on the same side of the main structure have the same shape.

5. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distances between any two adjacent branch structures on the same side are the same.

6. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main structure and the branch structure are an integrally formed structure.

7. A liquid crystal antenna, characterized in that: A liquid crystal phase shifter comprising any one of claims 1-6.

8. A liquid crystal phase shifter, comprising: A first substrate and a second substrate are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein the first substrate comprises: a first base, and a first electrode layer is located on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; the second substrate comprises: a second base, and a second electrode layer is located on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal layer; characterized in that, The first electrode layer comprises: a main body structure; the main body structure has a first side and a second side which are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the microwave signal; a branch structure is connected to at least one of the first side and the second side of the main body structure; the main body structure and the branch structure are made of the same material; wherein The second electrode layer is located in the peripheral area of ​​the second substrate and overlaps with the orthographic projection of the branch structure on the first substrate; the branch structure is only connected to one of the first side and the second side of the main structure; the second electrode layer is only located on the side of the second substrate corresponding to all the branch structures; the second electrode layer is a planar electrode; the first electrode layer is a microstrip line; a ground electrode is arranged on the side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer.

9. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second electrode layer is connected to the conductive terminal of the ground electrode through a metal connecting wire.

10. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of branch structures located on the same side of the main structure have the same shape.

11. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 10, characterized in that: The distances between any two adjacent branch structures on the same side are the same.

12. The liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The main structure and the branch structure are an integrally formed structure.

13. A liquid crystal antenna, characterized in that: A liquid crystal phase shifter comprising any one of claims 8 to 12.

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