An experimental device and method for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water seepage tunnel

Abstract

An experimental device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel. A tunnel model and a drainage system are arranged in a model box. The drainage system is connected to a sedimentation tank through a central drain pipe. A cover plate is arranged on the upper part of the model box, and several spherical water control valves are arranged on the cover plate. A water tank is arranged on the top of the model box. A top plate is arranged on the top of the water tank, and a water-proof pushing plate is arranged in the middle inside. A hydraulic cylinder is installed on the top plate, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the water-proof pushing plate. A buffer spring is installed between the top plate and the water-proof pushing plate. An inlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the water tank. Two water pressure gauges, a water pressure self-control suction valve, a control valve, and an upper water pump are successively installed on the inlet pipe. This device and the test method can truly simulate the water-seepage process of a high-pressure water-rich tunnel, the crystallization blockage process of the tunnel drainage system, the crystallization precipitation collection, and predict the occurrence of blockage in the tunnel drainage system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering disease treatment, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for simulating the crystallization blockage and precipitation collection of a drainage system in a high-pressure water-seeping tunnel. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the tunnel construction in China has developed rapidly, and great progress has been made in the tunnel waterproof and drainage technology. However, most tunnels still have leakage to varying degrees. Especially for tunnels in high-pressure water-rich areas, the leakage situation is quite serious. The dissolved crystal substances are extremely easy to block the drainage system, resulting in the concentration of external water pressure on the lining, aggravating the damage to the drainage system and the lining structure, and seriously affecting the operation safety of the tunnel. Therefore, the prevention and treatment methods for the crystallization blockage of the drainage system in high-pressure water-seeping tunnels have become scientific and engineering problems to be solved urgently.

[0003] Regarding the crystallization blockage of the tunnel drainage system, Zhou Zhuo calculated the crystallization rate of the precipitation crystals in the drainage pipe through an indoor water circulation simulation test, and obtained that the drainage pipe slope and flow velocity have a significant impact on the blockage process of the tunnel drainage pipe. Zhai Ming obtained through indoor experiments that the CO2 concentration, temperature, pressure, pH value in the aqueous solution, and calcium and magnesium ions in the groundwater are the main reasons affecting the blockage of the drainage system. At the same time, some people have also studied the crystallization process from the perspective of calcium carbonate crystallization kinetics. For example, Donaldson et al. studied the influence of magnetic fields on seawater crystallization. In recent years, the research on the blockage of the tunnel seepage crystallization drainage system has mainly focused on the treatment of crystallization precipitation. Li Zhengshi optimized and improved the design of the longitudinal and circumferential blind pipe drain holes in combination with the engineering practice. Zhang Xuefu et al. proposed a device that can improve the blockage of the tunnel drainage pipe caused by the crystallization of seepage water in combination with the electromagnetic field theory. However, the above research has not involved the research on the crystallization blockage of the drainage system in high-pressure water-seeping tunnels. So far, there is no complete experimental device to simulate the high-pressure water seepage situation in the tunnel and the operation of the drainage system, and no breakthrough has been made in the mechanism of its crystallization blockage. Only by truly simulating the crystallization situation of the high-pressure water-seeping tunnel can the mechanism of crystallization blockage be thoroughly explored, so as to prevent and treat such diseases targeted. Therefore, carrying out the experimental technology research on the crystallization blockage of high-pressure water-seeping tunnels has important scientific significance and engineering value for thoroughly solving such diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide an experimental device and an experimental method that are reasonably designed, structurally compact, easy to operate, can truly simulate the water seepage process of high-pressure water-rich tunnels, the crystallization blockage process of the tunnel drainage system, the crystallization precipitation collection, and predict the blockage of the tunnel drainage system.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A tunnel model is arranged inside the model box. An arc-shaped bottom plate is arranged on the inner side surface of the tunnel model. A circumferential drainage blind pipe is arranged between the inner surface of the tunnel model and the outer surface of the arc-shaped bottom plate. A circumferential drainage blind pipe is arranged on the inner side surface of the arc-shaped bottom plate. The circumferential drainage blind pipe is communicated with a transverse drainage pipe through a longitudinal drainage blind pipe. The transverse drainage is communicated with a sedimentation tank through a central drainage pipe. A cover plate is arranged on the upper part of the model box. A plurality of spherical water control valves are arranged on the cover plate. A water tank is arranged on the top of the model box. A top plate is arranged on the top of the water tank, and a water isolation pushing plate is arranged in the middle inside. A hydraulic cylinder is installed on the top plate. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the water isolation pushing plate. A buffer spring is installed between the top plate and the water isolation pushing plate. A water inlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the water tank. Two water pressure gauges, a water pressure self-control suction valve, a control valve, and an upper water pump are sequentially installed on the water inlet pipe.

[0006] The water pressure self-control suction valve of the present invention is: The left shell is connected with the right shell. A water isolation baffle is arranged inside the left shell. A water passing plate is arranged at the right end of the water isolation baffle, and a water blocking block is arranged at the left end. Water passing holes are processed on the water passing plate. A pressure rod is arranged on the water blocking block. The pressure rod passes through a pressure rod positioning ring arranged on the water isolation baffle. A limiting spring is arranged between the water blocking block and the water passing plate.

[0007] Grooves are processed on the water isolation baffle of the present invention, and magnetic attraction positioning strips corresponding to the grooves are installed on the water blocking block.

[0008] The sedimentation tank of the present invention is: A primary sedimentation tank is arranged at the left end inside the sedimentation tank body, and a secondary sedimentation tank is arranged at the right end. A primary control valve is arranged at the lower end of the primary sedimentation tank, and a secondary control valve is arranged at the lower end of the secondary sedimentation tank. A drain pipe is arranged at the upper right part of the sedimentation tank body.

[0009] A sedimentation partition is arranged in the middle of the secondary sedimentation tank inside the sedimentation tank body of the present invention. Scales are arranged on both the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank.

[0010] A pushing beam is arranged on the water isolation pushing plate of the present invention. The pushing beam is of a trapezoidal structure. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the pushing beam. A pressure sensor is arranged on the pushing beam. A displacement sensor is arranged on the water isolation pushing plate. The pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are electrically connected to a computer through wires.

[0011] A water isolation expansion block is arranged between the water isolation pushing plate and the inner wall of the water tank of the present invention.

[0012] A cover plate is arranged on the upper part of the model box of the present invention. Spherical water control valves are arranged on the cover plate. A filter screen is arranged under the cover plate.

[0013] Positioning screw devices are symmetrically arranged on the model box of the present invention with respect to the tunnel model;

[0014] The positioning screw device described in the present invention is as follows: The fixed block is fixed on the outer side wall of the model box. A threaded hole is machined at the center position of the fixed block. The screw rod is installed in the threaded hole. One end of the push rod passes through the side wall of the model box and extends into the threaded hole, and the other end is connected to the positioning plate.

[0015] The test method of a test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel in the present invention consists of the following steps:

[0016] S1. First, lay and install the tunnel drainage system, construct the tunnel model by using the method of cast-in-place or shotcrete, and adjust the positioning screw device to fix the tunnel model.

[0017] S2. Adjust the initial water inlet pressure of the upper water pump, open the control valve, so that the water in the water tank at a specified height only under the action of the head gradient, the pressure values of the water pressure gauges on both sides of the water pressure self-control suction valve are equal.

[0018] S3. Open the spherical water control valve to make the water in the water tank enter the model box, penetrate for a period of time, and observe the precipitation amount in the precipitation tank.

[0019] S4. Open the hydraulic system to apply a load to the top push plate, so that the water-proof top push plate moves downward, thereby controlling the seepage pressure of the tunnel model. Through the data fed back to the computer by the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor, the magnitude of the load applied by the hydraulic system is adjusted in real time, and observe the precipitation amount in the precipitation tank under different load conditions.

[0020] S5. During the downward movement of the water-proof top push plate, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor feed back information to the computer. When the displacement value of the water-proof top push plate reaches the preset limit value, that is, when the water level line in the water tank reaches the set limit value, unload the hydraulic system. At this time, the water-proof top push plate will be pulled back, and the pressure value of the water pressure gauge on the left side of the water pressure self-control suction valve will be less than the pressure value of the water pressure gauge on its right side, and the water pressure self-control suction valve will open, and the upper water pump will start to fill water. When the unloading is completed, the water in the water tank maintains a stable state.

[0021] The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] 1. The present invention uses a hydraulic cylinder to realize constant water pressure loading on the tunnel model, and can control the magnitude of the loading water pressure in real time, and can well simulate the water pressure of the surrounding rock of the tunnel in the high-pressure water-rich area.

[0023] 2. The combined device of the water pressure self-control suction valve and the water pressure gauge adopted by the present invention can realize automatic full-water addition and continuous cyclic pressurization, ensuring the long-term progress of the experiment.

[0024] 3. The pressurized water seepage system and the arched tunnel model adopted in the present invention can truly simulate the situation of surrounding rock water seeping through the primary support from all directions, and can more vividly obtain the situation of surrounding rock water entering the drainage system. Through the long-term cycle of the device, the blockage law of the tunnel drainage system and the failure characteristics of the primary support structure can be predicted.

[0025] 4. The ring-longitudinal tunnel drainage system adopted in the present invention truly simulates the situation of the tunnel drainage system. Through this experimental device and experimental method, the weak links prone to blockage and their blockage laws can be well judged, thus providing a reference basis for the optimized design of the tunnel drainage system in the water-rich high-pressure area.

[0026] 5. The present invention uses two-stage sedimentation tanks for sedimentation, which can reduce sediment loss. By calculating the total amount of sediment collected and the calcium concentration in the flowing water, the total amount of crystallization exuding from the tunnel primary support can be accurately obtained, and the calcium loss and calcium crystallization conditions of the primary support concrete under the simulated experimental conditions can be obtained more vividly, so as to predict the calcium dissolution equilibrium law inside the concrete and provide a reference basis for the mix proportion design of the tunnel primary support concrete. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the water pressure self-controlled suction valve 16 in

[0029] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a schematic structural diagram of the pressure rod positioning ring 16-3 in

[0030] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the sedimentation tank 19 in

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the positioning screw device 3 in the figure.

[0032] 1. Tunnel model; 2. Model box; 3. Positioning screw device; 4. Filter screen; 5. Connecting pin; 6. Spherical water control valve; 7. Water-proof pushing plate; 8. Water-proof expansion slider; 9. Pushing beam; 10. Buffer spring; 11. Hydraulic cylinder; 12. Pressure sensor; 13. Displacement sensor; 14. Computer; 15. Water pressure gauge; 16. Water pressure self-control suction valve; 17. Control valve; 18. Water pump; 19. Sedimentation tank; 20. Central drain pipe; 21. Water tank; 22. Arc-shaped bottom plate; 23. Transverse drain pipe; 24. Longitudinal drainage blind pipe; 25. Circumferential drainage blind pipe; 3-1. Positioning plate; 3-2. Push rod; 3-3. Fixed block; 3-4. Screw rod; 16-1. Left housing; 16-2. Pressure rod; 16-3. Pressure rod positioning ring; 16-4. Water-proof baffle; 16-5. Water-blocking block; 16-6. Water passing plate; 16-7. Right housing; 16-8. Limit spring; 16-9. Magnetic adsorption positioning strip; 19-1. Sedimentation tank body; 19-2. Primary sedimentation tank; 19-3. Primary control valve; 19-4. Secondary control valve; 19-5. Secondary sedimentation tank; 19-6. Drain pipe; 19-7. Sedimentation partition board. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] In Figure 1Among them, a test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel involved in the present invention lays a drainage system. A circumferential drainage blind pipe 25 is installed on the outer surface and the inner side surface of the arc-shaped bottom plate 22. Two rows of circumferential drainage blind pipes 25 are connected through a longitudinal drainage blind pipe 24. The longitudinal drainage blind pipe is connected to a transverse drainage pipe 23. The transverse drainage pipe 23 is connected to a sedimentation tank 19 through a central drainage pipe 20. A tunnel model 1 is constructed on the drainage system in the model box 2 by using the method of cast-in-place or shotcrete concrete. Positioning screw devices 3 are symmetrically installed on the side wall of the model box 1 with respect to the tunnel model 1. The positioning screw devices 3 are used to adjust and fix the tunnel model 1. A cover plate is installed on the upper part of the model box 2. Several spherical water control valves 6 are installed on the cover plate. A filter screen is installed under the cover plate. In this embodiment, 6 spherical water control valves 6 are installed on the cover plate. When the spherical water control valves 6 are opened, the water in the water tank 21 enters the model box 2, and the size of the water seepage flow is adjusted by the number of the 6 opened spherical water control valves 6 at the bottom of the water tank. The water tank 21 is connected and installed on the top of the model box 2 through a pin 5. A detachable top plate is installed on the top of the water tank 21, and a water-blocking push plate 7 is installed in the middle inside. A hydraulic cylinder 11 is installed on the top plate. Further, a water-blocking expansion block 8 is installed between the water-blocking push plate 7 and the inner wall of the water tank in this embodiment. A push beam 9 is installed on the water-blocking push plate 7. The push beam 9 is of a trapezoidal structure. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 11 is connected to the push beam 9. A pressure sensor 12 is installed on the push beam 9. The pressure sensor 12 monitors the load pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 11. A displacement sensor 13 is installed on the water-blocking push plate 7. The displacement sensor 13 monitors the displacement of the water-blocking push plate 7. The pressure sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are electrically connected to a computer 14 through wires. The water-blocking expansion block 8 prevents the water in the lower part of the water tank 21 from entering the upper part of the water tank 21. A buffer spring 10 is installed between the top plate and the water-blocking push plate 7. The buffer spring 10 plays a buffering role when the hydraulic cylinder 11 is loaded or unloaded, preventing the water-blocking push plate 7 from being damaged under the impact force. An inlet pipe is connected and installed at the lower part of the water tank 21. Two water pressure gauges 15, a water pressure self-control suction valve 16, a control valve 17, and an upper water pump 18 are sequentially installed on the inlet pipe. The upper water pump 18 provides water source for the present invention.

[0036] In Figure 2 、 3Among them, the water pressure self-controlled suction valve 16 of this embodiment is composed of a left housing 16-1, a pressure rod 16-2, a pressure rod positioning ring 16-3, a water isolation baffle 16-4, a water blocking block 16-5, a water passing plate 16-6, a right housing 16-7, a limiting spring 16-8, and a magnetic adsorption positioning strip 16-9. The left housing 16-1 and the right housing 16-7 are fixedly connected by a threaded fastening connector. The water isolation baffle 16-4 is fixedly welded inside the left housing 16-1. A through hole is machined in the middle of the water isolation baffle 16-4. The right end of the water isolation baffle 16-4 is fixedly welded with a pressure rod positioning ring 16-3. The pressure rod 16-2 passes through the pressure rod positioning ring 16-3. Further, the pressure rod positioning ring 16-3 is a long strip-shaped stainless steel rod, and the middle of the rod is processed into an annular structure. The pressure rod 16-2 passes through the annular structure. A water blocking block 16-5 is arranged at one end of the pressure rod 16-2 close to the water isolation baffle 16-4. The water blocking block 16-5 can block the through hole on the water isolation baffle 16-4 under the action of the left water pressure. A water passing plate 16-6 is arranged at the right end of the water isolation baffle 16-4. Water passing holes are machined on the water passing plate 16-6. A limiting spring 16-8 is installed between the water blocking block 16-5 and the water passing plate 16-6. The limiting spring 16-8 prevents the water blocking block 16-5 from being impacted and deviated under the action of the right water pressure. In order to ensure full contact between the water blocking block 16-5 and the water isolation baffle 16-4, a groove is machined on the water isolation baffle 16-4, and a magnetic adsorption positioning strip 16-9 corresponding to the groove is installed on the water blocking block 16-5. When the right water pressure is greater than the left water pressure, the water blocking block 16-5 leaves the water isolation baffle 16-4 under the action of the water pressure, and the water flows through the self-priming control valve 16. When the left water pressure is greater than the right water pressure, the water blocking block 16-5 closely contacts the water isolation baffle 16-4 under the action of the right water pressure, and the water cannot flow through the self-priming control valve 16.

[0037] In Figure 4 Among them, the sedimentation tank 19 is composed of a sedimentation tank body 19-1, a primary sedimentation tank 19-2, a primary control valve 19-3, a secondary control valve 19-4, a secondary sedimentation tank 19-5, a drain pipe 19-6, and a sedimentation partition 19-7. The primary sedimentation tank 19-2 is installed at the left end inside the sedimentation tank body 19-1, and the secondary sedimentation tank 19-5 is installed at the right end. Scales are provided on both the primary sedimentation tank 19-2 and the secondary sedimentation tank 19-5, and the sedimentation amount can be directly observed. A sedimentation partition 19-7 is arranged in the middle of the secondary sedimentation tank 19-5 inside the sedimentation tank body 1, controlling the outflow path of the water to flow out from bottom to top, thereby reducing the loss of surface floating crystals in the water. The primary control valve 19-3 is installed at the lower end of the primary sedimentation tank 19-2, the secondary control valve 19-4 is installed at the lower end of the secondary sedimentation tank, and the drain pipe 19-6 is installed at the upper right part of the sedimentation tank body 19-1. The permeated water in the sedimentation tank 19 is discharged through the drain pipe 19-6.

[0038] In Figure 5In it, the positioning screw device 3 is composed of a positioning plate 3-1, a push rod 3-2, a fixing block 3-3, and a screw rod 3-4 connected. The fixing block 3-3 is fixed on the outer side wall of the model box 1. A threaded hole is machined at the center position of the fixing block 3-3. The screw rod 3-4 is installed in the threaded hole. One end of the push rod 3-2 passes through the side wall of the model box 1 and extends into the threaded hole, and the other end is connected to the positioning plate 3-1. Rotating the screw rod 3-4 pushes the push rod 3-2 inward, so that the positioning plate 3-1 contacts and clamps the tunnel model 1.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] The test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel in the above Embodiment 1 is used for testing to study the infiltration precipitation amount under different load conditions. The test method consists of the following steps:

[0041] S1. First, lay and install the tunnel drainage system, construct the tunnel model 2 by the method of cast-in-place or shotcrete, and adjust the positioning screw device 3 to fix the tunnel model 2;

[0042] S2. Adjust the initial water inlet pressure of the upper water pump 18, open the control valve 17, so that the water in the water tank 21 is only under the action of the head gradient at a specified height, and the pressure values of the water pressure gauges 15 on both sides of the water pressure self-control suction valve 16 are equal;

[0043] S3. Open the spherical water control valve 6 to make the water in the water tank 21 enter the model box 2. The water in the water tank 21 infiltrates the tunnel model 1 under the action of a constant water pressure, and then flows into the sedimentation tank 19 through the drainage system. The crystal precipitation will accumulate in the two-stage sedimentation tanks, and the precipitation amount can be directly converted through the scales on them. After infiltrating for a period of time, observe the precipitation amount in the sedimentation tank 19.

[0044] S4. Open the hydraulic system to apply a load to the top push plate 9, so that the water-retaining top push plate 7 moves downward, thereby controlling the seepage pressure of the tunnel model 1. Through the data fed back to the computer by the displacement sensor 12 and the pressure sensor 13, the magnitude of the load applied by the hydraulic system is adjusted in real time to achieve equal-strain loading or equal-stress loading of the concrete, and observe the precipitation amount in the sedimentation tank 19 under different load conditions.

[0045] During the downward movement of the water-blocking push plate 7, the pressure sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 feed back information to the computer 14. When the displacement value of the water-blocking push plate 7 reaches the pre-set limit value, that is, when the water level line in the water tank 21 reaches the set limit value, the hydraulic system is unloaded. During unloading, the pressure sensor 12 will feedback the magnitude of the unloading, and with the cooperation of the buffer spring 10, a stable unloading process is achieved. At this time, the water-blocking push plate 7 will be pulled back, and the pressure value of the water pressure gauge 15 on the left side of the water pressure self-control suction valve 16 will be less than the pressure value of the water pressure gauge 15 on its right side, and the water pressure self-control suction valve 16 will open, and the upper water pump 18 will start to pump water. When the unloading is completed, the water in the water tank 21 maintains a stable state.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water seepage tunnel, characterized in that: A tunnel model (1) is arranged inside a model box (2). Positioning screw devices (3) are symmetrically arranged on the model box (2) with respect to the tunnel model (1). An arc-shaped bottom plate (22) is arranged on the inner side surface of the tunnel model (1). A circumferential drainage blind pipe (25) is arranged between the inner surface of the tunnel model (1) and the outer surface of the arc-shaped bottom plate (22). A circumferential drainage blind pipe (25) is arranged on the inner side surface of the arc-shaped bottom plate (22). The circumferential drainage blind pipe (25) is connected to a transverse drainage pipe (23) through a longitudinal drainage blind pipe (24). The transverse drainage pipe (23) is connected to a sedimentation tank (19) through a central drainage pipe (20). A cover plate is arranged on the upper part of the model box (2), and a number of spherical water control valves (6) are arranged on the cover plate. A water tank (21) is arranged on the top of the model box (2). A top plate is arranged on the top of the water tank (21), and a water-blocking push plate (7) is arranged in the middle inside. A hydraulic cylinder (11) is installed on the top plate. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (11) is connected to the water-blocking push plate (7). A buffer spring (10) is installed between the top plate and the water-blocking push plate (7). A water inlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the water tank (21), and two water pressure gauges (15), a water pressure self-control suction valve (16), a control valve (17), and an upper water pump (18) are successively installed on the water inlet pipe; A push beam (9) is arranged on the water-blocking push plate (7). The push beam (9) is of a trapezoidal structure. The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (11) is connected to the push beam (9). A pressure sensor (12) is arranged on the push beam (9). A displacement sensor (13) is arranged on the water-blocking push plate (7). The pressure sensor (12) and the displacement sensor (13) are electrically connected to a computer (14) through wires.

2. The test device for simulating crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water seepage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that The water pressure self-control suction valve (16) is as follows: A left housing (16-1) is connected to a right housing (16-7). A water-blocking baffle (16-4) is arranged inside the left housing (16-1). A water passing plate (16-6) is arranged at the right end of the water-blocking baffle (16-4), and a water-blocking block (16-5) is arranged at the left end. Water passing holes are processed on the water passing plate (16-6). A pressure rod (16-2) is arranged on the water-blocking block (16-5). The pressure rod (16-2) passes through a pressure rod positioning ring (16-3) arranged on the water-blocking baffle (16-4). A limit spring (16-8) is arranged between the water-blocking block (16-5) and the water passing plate (16-6).

3. The test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel according to claim 2, wherein: Grooves are processed on the water-blocking baffle (16-4), and a magnetic adsorption positioning strip (16-9) corresponding to the grooves is installed on the water-blocking block (16-5).

4. The test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water seepage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that The sedimentation tank (19) is as follows: A primary sedimentation tank (19-2) is arranged at the left end inside a sedimentation tank body (19-1), and a secondary sedimentation tank (19-5) is arranged at the right end. A primary control valve (19-3) is arranged at the lower end of the primary sedimentation tank (19-2), and a secondary control valve (19-4) is arranged at the lower end of the secondary sedimentation tank. A drain pipe (19-6) is arranged at the upper right part of the sedimentation tank body (19-1).

5. The test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: Inside the precipitation tank body (19-1), a precipitation partition plate (19-7) is arranged in the middle of the secondary sedimentation tank (19-5), and scales are arranged on both the primary sedimentation tank (19-2) and the secondary sedimentation tank (19-5).

6. The test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water seepage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: An impermeable expansion block (8) is arranged between the impermeable push plate (7) and the inner wall of the water tank.

7. An experimental device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water-seepage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cover plate is arranged on the upper part of the model box (2), a spherical water control valve (6) is arranged on the cover plate, and a filter screen (4) is arranged under the cover plate.

8. The test device for simulating the crystallization blockage of a high-pressure water seepage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning screw device (3) is as follows: a fixed block (3-3) is fixed on the outer side wall of the model box (2), a threaded hole is machined at the central position of the fixed block (3-3), a screw rod (3-4) is installed in the threaded hole, and one end of a push rod (3-2) passes through the side wall of the model box (1) and extends into the threaded hole, and the other end is connected to a positioning plate (3-1).

9. The test method of a test device for simulating crystal blockage in a high-pressure water seepage tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 8 above, characterized in that It consists of the following steps: S1. First, lay and install the tunnel drainage system, construct the tunnel model (1) by using the method of cast-in-place or shotcrete concrete, and adjust the positioning screw device (3) to fix the tunnel model (1). S2. Adjust the initial water inlet pressure of the water pump (18), open the control valve (17), so that the water in the water tank (21) at a specified height only under the action of the hydraulic head gradient, and the pressure values of the water pressure gauges (15) on both sides of the water pressure self-control suction valve (16) are equal. S3. Open the spherical water control valve (6) to make the water in the water tank (21) enter the model box (2), penetrate for a period of time, and observe the precipitation amount in the precipitation tank (19). S4. Open the hydraulic system to apply a load to the push beam (9), so that the impermeable push plate (7) moves downward, thereby controlling the seepage pressure of the tunnel model (1). Through the data fed back to the computer by the displacement sensor (12) and the pressure sensor (13), the magnitude of the load applied by the hydraulic system is adjusted in real time, and the precipitation amount in the precipitation tank (19) is observed under different load conditions. S5. During the downward movement of the impermeable push plate (7), the pressure sensor (12) and the displacement sensor (13) feed back information to the computer (14). When the displacement value of the impermeable push plate (7) reaches the preset limit value, that is, when the water level line in the water tank (21) reaches the set limit value, unload the hydraulic system. At this time, the impermeable push plate (7) will be pulled back, and the pressure value of the water pressure gauge (15) on the left side of the water pressure self-control suction valve (16) will be less than the pressure value of the water pressure gauge (15) on its right side, and the water pressure self-control suction valve (16) will open, and the water pump (18) will start to supply water. When the unloading is completed, the water in the water tank (21) maintains a stable state.

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