Wire rod coil packing equipment and packing method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wire coil packing device and packing method, which belongs to the field of container transportation. The device includes a forklift body, a forklift gantry arranged at the front end of the body, and a lifting block slidably connected to the forklift gantry; it also includes a grabbing tool, which includes a base frame, a fixed claw arranged on one side of the base frame and connected to the lifting block, an upper cantilever horizontally connected to the upper end of the other side of the base frame, a lower cantilever horizontally connected to the lower end of the other side of the base frame, and a grabbing hook arranged at the free end of the upper cantilever and the lower cantilever; the length of the upper cantilever is greater than the length of the lower cantilever; the grabbing hook grabs and fixes the wire coil. Through the device of the present invention, the wire coil is grabbed and placed horizontally in the container. By cooperating with the packing method of the present invention, the wire coil is stacked in two layers in the container, and will not press the side wall of the container, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the internal space of the container, increases the efficiency of the wire coil in the container transportation and the effective service life of the container.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of container transportation, and more specifically, relates to a wire coil packing device and a packing method. Background Art

[0002] Container transportation has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and high quality. Compared with traditional water transportation, container transportation can protect goods during transportation more obviously, and has smaller and more flexible requirements for cargo transportation batches. Due to the imbalance of terminal and route resources in various regions, and the greater number of container terminal resources, container transportation can deliver goods to various places more economically. With the continuous improvement of national environmental protection requirements and the vigorous development of multimodal transport, the scope of container transportation of goods is also becoming wider and wider.

[0003] Through the efforts of industry practitioners, the proportion of steel transported by containers is increasing, and the variety is increasing. However, due to the small volume density of steel wire coils and the mismatch between shape and size and container size, the traditional packing method will cause serious packing loss, and fail to make full use of the space in the container, increasing the cost of the shipper and affecting the expansion of the container business.

[0004] In addition, the steel wire coils produced by various steel mills are too large in diameter to be placed side by side or stacked in containers. Under the existing packaging equipment, they can only be placed vertically in the container at an angle. Fig.13 As shown in the figure, when multiple groups of steel wire coils are placed vertically and obliquely in the container, two consequences will occur. On the one hand, there will be a large loss of tonnage after packaging, resulting in an increase in transportation costs. On the other hand, the upper wire coils placed obliquely up and down will cause great pressure on the side walls of the container. Due to the structural characteristics of the container when it is designed and manufactured, its side wall has a very low ability to resist outward pressure. The method of placing them vertically and obliquely in the container will cause the side walls of the container to bulge and be damaged. In order to avoid damage to the side walls of the container, the industry has a method of placing a special rack under the upper coil, which will increase costs and consume precious wood. Although there is also a way to avoid this problem by reducing the diameter of the disc in the existing industry to increase the number of coils loaded into the container, this method requires the steel mill to transform the product production line, which increases the difficulty and cost of the steel mill's production. At the same time, because the coil becomes thinner and longer, the versatility of the coil hoisting will deteriorate, making the original packaging invalid and affecting the circulation of wire.

[0005] After searching, the Chinese patent publication number is CN1464857A; the publication date is December 31, 2003; it discloses a pallet for rolled goods, a loading structure of rolled goods on the pallet, a storage structure of the pallet loaded with rolled goods relative to a container, and a transportation method. The pallet of the application case includes a pallet body, four loading parts arranged on the upper side of the pallet body, and a lower open space with four sides opened on the lower side of the pallet body; the pallet body has a contact frame part that can contact the inner wall of the container and other pallets; the application is through the cargo The tray arranges a specified number of coiled transport objects loaded in a vertical direction in a staggered manner and loads them into the container. Compared with the existing packing method, the device of this application can solve the problem that the side wall of the container is easily damaged by pressure after packing and improves the space utilization rate of the container. However, the device and method of this application need to be equipped with a specially designed pallet for each coiled wire, which has a high cost. In addition, before each packing, the coiled wire needs to be placed vertically on the pallet, and the pallets need to be staggered, which makes the packing process too cumbersome and troublesome, and the transportation efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems of low space utilization and easy damage to containers when packing wire coils at low cost and low consumption, according to one aspect of the present invention, a wire coil packing device is provided, which includes:

[0007] The forklift comprises a body, a forklift mast at the front end of the body, and a lifting block slidably connected to the forklift mast, wherein the lifting block performs lifting motion under the control of the forklift, and also comprises a grabbing tool, which comprises:

[0008] Scaffolding;

[0009] A fixed claw, which is arranged on one side of the base frame, and the fixed claw is connected to the lifting block;

[0010] an upper cantilever arm horizontally connected to the upper end of the other side of the base frame;

[0011] A lower cantilever arm, which is horizontally connected to the lower end of the other side of the base frame, and the length of the upper cantilever arm is greater than the length of the lower cantilever arm;

[0012] A grabbing hook is arranged at the free ends of the upper cantilever and the lower cantilever, and the grabbing hook grabs and fixes the wire coil.

[0013] The equipment of this solution can grasp and transport two wire rod coils at a time, one high and one low. The axial directions of the two wire rod coils are both the same as the width direction of the container, and the two wire rod coils are not concentric in the vertical direction, that is, the two wire rod coils are one in front of the other. The upper wire rod coil is in the front, that is, in the direction away from the forklift, and the lower wire rod coil is in the back, that is, in the direction close to the forklift, so that the wire rod coils are horizontally loaded into the container. After packing, the wire rod coils rely on and support each other, making full use of the space at the bottom and top of the container, and will not damage the side wall and top of the container, completely solving the problems of low space utilization rate and easy damage to the container.

[0014] According to the wire rod coil packing equipment of the solution of the present invention, optionally, the grasping tooling further includes a steel pipe, which is horizontally arranged at the free end ends of the upper cantilever and the lower cantilever. The steel pipe is arranged along the width direction of the forklift, and the grasping hooks are inserted at both ends of the steel pipe.

[0015] Through the steel pipe arranged along the width direction of the forklift, the "C"-shaped grasping hooks can be inserted at both ends of the hollow steel pipe. The grasping hooks and the upper and lower cantilevers are non-rigidly connected. Therefore, the grasping hooks can always droop towards the ground, reducing the torsion on themselves after grasping the wire rod coils, and the distance between the two grasping hooks on the same cantilever inserted in the steel pipe is adjustable and replaceable, facilitating the grasping / placing operation for each wire rod coil.

[0016] According to the wire rod coil packing equipment of the solution of the present invention, optionally, the steel pipe further includes:

[0017] A driving member, which is placed inside the steel pipe and located in the middle of the steel pipe;

[0018] A telescopic rod, which is placed inside the steel pipe. One end of the telescopic rod is connected to the driving member, and the other end is in transmission connection with the grasping hook.

[0019] By setting a driving member in the steel pipe to drive the telescopic rod to drive the movement of the grasping hooks at both ends, the forklift can automatically grasp and place the wire rod coils, saving labor and further improving the packing efficiency of this equipment.

[0020] According to the wire rod coil packing equipment of the solution of the present invention, optionally, the grasping tooling further includes a reinforcing rod, which is composed of a first reinforcing rod and a second reinforcing rod. One end of the first reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the upper cantilever, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second reinforcing rod; one end of the second reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the lower cantilever, and the other end is fixedly connected to the base frame.

[0021] The stability of the grabbing fixture structure is enhanced by arranging a reinforcing rod, more specifically, the stability of the upper cantilever and the lower cantilever is enhanced. Through the second reinforcing rod of this scheme, when the wire coil is transported, it is subjected to the downward load from the lower cantilever, and the first reinforcing rod is subjected to the downward load from the upper cantilever. One end of the first reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the second reinforcing rod. Through the action of the load, the load on the connection end between the second reinforcing rod and the base frame is reduced, thereby further enhancing the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing rod, and further improving the effective service life of the grabbing fixture.

[0022] The wire coil packaging equipment according to the solution of the present invention may optionally further include a monitoring unit, which includes:

[0023] The camera is fixedly connected to the bottom of the steel pipe, with the lens facing forward in the direction of the forklift;

[0024] The display screen is fixedly connected to one side of the forklift mast, with the screen facing the cab.

[0025] By setting up cameras and display screens, the problem of goods blocking the forklift driver's line of sight can be solved, allowing the forklift driver to clearly see the situation in front and the position of the grabbed wire coil, making it convenient to place it accurately in the container and ensure the packing quality.

[0026] According to the wire rod coil packaging equipment of the present invention, optionally, the grab hook comprises:

[0027] An upper crossbar, which is inserted into the end of the steel pipe;

[0028] The lower crossbar is located below the upper crossbar and arranged in parallel with the upper crossbar, and carries the wire coil;

[0029] The ends of one side of the vertical rod, the upper cross rod and the lower cross rod are fixedly connected by the vertical rod.

[0030] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for packing wire coils is provided, the steps of which are as follows:

[0031] 1. First packing: The forklift controls the upper cantilever of the grabbing tool to grab the wire coil, and the lower cantilever does not grab the wire coil. Drive the forklift to transport the wire coil to the innermost end of the container. The axis direction of the wire coil is the same as the width direction of the container. After it is transported to the destination, start the drive part, release the grab hook and place the wire coil on the upper cantilever;

[0032] Second, secondary packing: Drive the forklift out of the container, control the upper and lower cantilevers of the grabbing tool to grab the wire coils, drive the forklift to transport them to the front of the wire coils that were packed last time, and place them. The wire coils grabbed by the lower cantilever are placed in front of the wire coils placed by the upper cantilever last time, and the wire coils grabbed by the upper cantilever are placed between the two wire coils with bottoms;

[0033] 3. Subsequent packing: Repeat step 2 until the container is full;

[0034] 4. Unpacking: The unpacking steps are opposite to the packing steps.

[0035] The wire coil packing method of the present invention stacks the wire coils in two layers in a container without pressing the side walls of the container, greatly improves the utilization rate of the internal space of the container, and increases the efficiency of container transportation of the wire coils and the effective service life of the container. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the container packing equipment for wire rods and round coils of the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a forklift of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the grabbing tooling of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 4 A view of the lower cantilever of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-section along BB direction;

[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the decoration equipment with an additional monitoring unit is shown;

[0043] Figure 7 A view of the upper cantilever with a camera added is shown;

[0044] Figure 8 A grab hook structure in an embodiment is shown;

[0045] Figures 9 to 12 It is a schematic diagram of the process state of the packing device of the present invention when packing;

[0046] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of an existing wire coil after packaging is shown.

[0047] Reference numerals:

[0048] 1. Vehicle body; 10. Forklift mast; 11. Lifting block; 12. Lifting mechanism; 13. Telescopic arm;

[0049] 2. Grabbing tool; 20. Base frame; 21. Fixed claw; 22. Upper cantilever; 23. Lower cantilever; 24. Grabbing hook; 240. Upper cross bar; 241. Lower cross bar; 242. Vertical bar; 25. Steel pipe; 250. Driving member; 251. Telescopic rod; 252. Hydraulic system accessories; 26. Reinforcement rod; 260. First reinforcement rod; 261. Second reinforcement rod;

[0050] 3. Monitoring unit; 30. Camera; 31. Display screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components; similarly, words such as "one" or "an" do not indicate quantity restrictions, but indicate the existence of at least one; similarly, words such as "upper", "lower", "front", "back" and similar words do not indicate any specific absolute direction restrictions, but are used to distinguish different relative positions relative to a reference system.

[0053] According to the existing size of wire coils, two wire coils are often packed in a box by placing them up and down diagonally. Fig.13 As shown, the wire coils are transported into the container at their hollow parts by forklift forks. The axial direction of the wire coils is the same as the length direction of the container. This packing method causes two defects. First, the space utilization rate in the container is low, resulting in a loss of packing tonnage and increased transportation costs. Second, after multiple sets of wire coils are packed, excessive pressure is exerted on the side walls of the container, which can easily damage the container.

[0054] According to the embodiments of the present invention, for the above-mentioned shortcomings, the device of the present invention can be used as Figure 1As shown, two wire coils are grabbed and transported at one time, one high and one low. The axial directions of the two wire coils are the same as the width direction of the container, and the two wire coils are not concentric in the vertical direction, that is, the two wire coils are one in front of the other. The upper wire coil is in the front (i.e., the direction away from the forklift), and the lower wire coil is in the back (i.e., the direction close to the forklift), so that the wire coils are horizontally loaded into the container. After packing, the wire coils are as shown in Fig.10 As shown in, the wire coils rely on and support each other, and make full use of the space at the bottom and top of the container, and will not cause load on the side wall and end of the container, completely solving the problems of low space utilization rate and easy damage to the container.

[0055] For example, as shown in Figure 2 The forklift structure shown:

[0056] The vehicle body 1 of the forklift and the forklift mast 10 located at the front end of the vehicle body 1 are both conventional structures of existing forklifts. The lifting block 11 is movably connected to the forklift mast 10, and under the operation of the forklift, the lifting block 11 moves up and down on the forklift mast 10. Among them, the lifting movement can be realized by the lifting mechanism 12 provided at the front end of the forklift vehicle body 1. Further, a telescopic arm 13 is also provided at the front end of the forklift vehicle body 1, which can control the pitching angle movement of the forklift mast 10, facilitating the front and back fine-tuning operations when the forklift loads and unloads goods, and enabling the wire coils to smoothly enter the small space at the entrance of the container;

[0057] Figure 3 The structure of the grasping tooling 2 of the present invention:

[0058] The base frame 20 is vertically arranged. A fixed claw 21 is provided on one side of the base frame 20. Through the fixed claw 21, the grasping tooling 2 of the present invention can be fixed to the lifting block 11 of the forklift, so as to control the lifting operation of the grasping tooling 2 through the forklift; The upper end and the lower end of the other side of the base frame 20 are respectively horizontally connected with an upper cantilever 22 and a lower cantilever 23. Among them, the length of the upper cantilever 22 is greater than the length of the lower cantilever 23 to achieve non-concentricity in the vertical direction after grasping two wire coils; Grasping hooks 24 are provided at the ends of the upper cantilever 22 and the lower cantilever 23 for grasping the wire coils. In this embodiment, the shape of the grasping hook 24 is "匚" shaped, and the wire coils are grasped by clamping from both ends in the axial direction of the wire coils; A reinforcing rod 26 is also provided between the upper cantilever 22 and the lower cantilever 23, which is composed of a first reinforcing rod 260 and a second reinforcing rod 261, and is fixedly connected to the upper cantilever 22, the lower cantilever 23 and the base frame 20 respectively, for strengthening the stability of the structure of the grasping tooling 2 of the present invention to improve its effective service life;

[0059] Further, Figure 4 For the further optimized structure of the grasping tooling 2, hollow steel pipes 25 are provided at the ends of the upper cantilever 22 and the lower cantilever 23. From Figure 1Looking from direction A of the forklift structure shown, the steel pipe 25 is horizontally arranged transversely, and the upper ends of the "C"-shaped grabbing hooks 24 are respectively inserted into both ends of the steel pipe 25; through this structure, it is convenient to uniformly adjust the distance between the grabbing hooks 24 on the same cantilever, so as to facilitate the grabbing / placement operation, and at the same time, it is also convenient to replace the grabbing hooks 24;

[0060] Furthermore, Figure 5 For a further optimized structure of the grabbing tooling 2, a driving member 250 is provided in the middle of the steel pipe 25. The driving member 250 can be a structure such as a hydraulic cylinder. The end of the grabbing hook 24 inserted into the steel pipe 25 is connected to the driving member 250 through a telescopic rod 251. The driving member 250 controls the telescopic rod 251 to drive the opening and closing of the two grabbing hooks 24 on the same cantilever, so as to realize the automatic grabbing and placement operations of the wire rod coils; at the same time, the grabbing hook 24 and the telescopic rod 251 are not rigidly connected, so that the grabbing hook 24 can always hang down towards the ground, so as to reduce the torsion force on itself after the grabbing hook 24 grabs the wire rod coil and increase its service life; in this embodiment, the driving member 250 adopts a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic system accessories 252 such as a hydraulic oil storage unit and an auxiliary unit are placed between the forklift mast 10 and the base frame 20, as Figure 6 shown.

[0061] Furthermore, in order to avoid the problem that the line of sight of the forklift is overly blocked by the wire rod coil when grabbing the wire rod coil, this embodiment also sets up a monitoring unit 3, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, which is composed of a camera 30 and a display screen 31. The camera 30 and the display screen 31 are signal-connected. The camera 30 is arranged below the middle of the steel pipe 25, and the lens faces the front of the forklift traveling direction. The display screen 31 is arranged on one side of the forklift mast 10, preferably on the upper side, and the screen faces the cab direction, which is convenient for the driver to observe the environmental road conditions in front of the forklift. At the same time, the display screen 31 does not block the view on the side of the forklift;

[0062] Furthermore, this embodiment improves the structure of the grabbing hook 24. The "C"-shaped structure of the grabbing hook 24 is specifically composed of an upper cross bar 240, a lower cross bar 241 and a vertical bar 242. The specific structure is as Figure 8 shown. The upper cross bar 240 is inserted into the end of the steel pipe 25. The lower cross bar 241 bears the grabbed wire rod coil. The vertical bar 242 connects the upper cross bar 240 and the lower cross bar 241. The vertical bar 242 is of a telescopic adjustable form, specifically, it can be a telescopic rod structure controlled by a hydraulic cylinder. Through the vertical bar 242, the distance between the upper cross bar 240 and the lower cross bar 241 can be flexibly adjusted, increasing the applicable range and grabbing stability of the grabbing tooling 2 when grabbing the wire rod coil.

[0063] Figures 9 to 12 It reflects the sequential process of the equipment of the present invention when packing the wire rod coils into boxes:

[0064] like Fig. 9 As shown, the upper cantilever 22 of the device of the present invention is first used to grab a wire coil, and the lower cantilever 23 is not grabbed, and the forklift is driven to transport it to the innermost part of the container. After the transportation is in place, the driving member 250 is started, the grabbing hook 24 is released, and the wire is placed; then the forklift withdraws from the container, and the upper cantilever 22 and the lower cantilever 23 grab a wire coil, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, after being transported into the container, the wire coil grabbed by the lower cantilever 23 is placed in front of the wire coil placed for the first time. At this time, the wire coil grabbed by the upper cantilever 22 is located between the two wire coils placed at the bottom of the container, and the wire coil grabbed by the upper cantilever 22 is placed; then the forklift exits the container, and each time the upper and lower cantilevers are transported, each grabs a wire coil, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown; Finally, fill the container, as shown Fig.12 As shown, the packing operation is completed; the unpacking operation is the opposite. Each time the forklift enters the container, the upper cantilever 22 and the lower cantilever 23 grab a wire coil respectively. The last time the forklift enters the container, the upper cantilever 22 grabs the wire coil at the innermost end of the container and transports it out, and finally the unpacking operation is completed.

[0065] By means of the wire rod coil container packing equipment of the present invention, the wire rod coils can be grabbed and placed transversely in the container, and by means of the packing method of the present invention, the wire rod coils are stacked in two layers in the container without pressing the side walls of the container, and the utilization rate of the internal space of the container is greatly improved, thereby increasing the efficiency of container transportation of the wire rod coils and the effective service life of the container.

[0066] The examples described in the present invention are merely descriptions of the preferred implementation modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design concept of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by engineers and technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wire rod coil packaging device, comprising a forklift body (1), a forklift mast (10) arranged at the front end of the body, and a lifting block (11) slidably connected to the forklift mast (10), wherein the lifting block (11) performs lifting movement under the control of the forklift, characterized in that: It further includes a grasping tooling (2), which comprises: A base frame (20); Fixed claws (21), which are arranged on one side of the base frame (20), and the fixed claws (21) are connected to the lifting block (11); An upper cantilever (22), which is horizontally connected to the upper end of the other side of the base frame (20); A lower cantilever (23), which is horizontally connected to the lower end of the other side of the base frame (20), and the length of the upper cantilever (22) is greater than the length of the lower cantilever (23); Grasping hooks (24), which are arranged at the free ends of the upper cantilever (22) and the lower cantilever (23), and the grasping hooks (24) grasp and fix the wire rod coils, and the shape of the grasping hooks (24) is "C" shaped; Hollow steel pipes (25) are arranged at the ends of both the upper cantilever (22) and the lower cantilever (23); the steel pipes (25) are horizontally arranged transversely, and the upper ends of the grasping hooks (24) are respectively inserted into both ends of the steel pipes (25); A driving member (250) is arranged in the middle of the steel pipe (25), and the end of the grasping hook (24) inserted into the steel pipe (25) is connected to the driving member (250) through a telescopic rod (251), and the driving member (250) is used to control the telescopic rod (251) to drive the opening and closing of the two grasping hooks (24) on the same cantilever; The grasping hook (24) includes an upper cross bar (240), a lower cross bar (241) and a vertical bar (242); the upper cross bar (240) is inserted into the end of the steel pipe (25), the lower cross bar (241) bears the wire rod coil to be grasped, and the vertical bar (242) connects the upper cross bar (240) and the lower cross bar (241), and the vertical bar (242) is of a telescopic and adjustable type.

2. The wire coil packaging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grasping tooling (2) further includes a reinforcing rod (26), which is composed of a first reinforcing rod (260) and a second reinforcing rod (261). One end of the first reinforcing rod (260) is fixedly connected to the upper cantilever (22), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second reinforcing rod (261); one end of the second reinforcing rod (261) is fixedly connected to the lower cantilever (23), and the other end is fixedly connected to the base frame (20).

3. The wire coil packaging equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: It further includes a monitoring unit (3), which comprises: A camera (30), which is fixedly connected below the steel pipe (25), and the lens faces the front in the advancing direction of the forklift; A display screen (31), which is fixedly connected to one side of the forklift mast (10), and the screen faces the cab direction.

4. A wire coil packing method, characterized in that: The steps are as follows:

1. First packing: The forklift controls the upper cantilever (22) of the grasping tooling (2) to grasp the wire rod coil, and the lower cantilever (23) does not grasp the wire rod coil. Drive the forklift to transport to the innermost end of the container. The axial direction of the wire rod coil is the same as the width direction of the container. After transporting in place, start the driving member (250) to release the wire rod coil placed on the upper cantilever (22) by the grasping hook (24); 2. Second packing: The forklift drives out of the container, controls both the upper cantilever (22) and the lower cantilever (23) of the grasping tooling (2) to grasp the wire rod coils, drive the forklift to transport to the front of the wire rod coil packed last time, and place them. The wire rod coil grasped by the lower cantilever (23) is placed in front of the wire rod coil placed by the upper cantilever (22) last time, and the wire rod coil grasped by the upper cantilever (22) is placed between the two wire rod coils with bottoms above; 3. Subsequent packing: Repeat step 2 until the container is full; 4. Unpacking: The unpacking steps are opposite to the packing steps.

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