Circularly polarized package antenna

Abstract

The present invention is applicable to the field of communication technology, and provides a circularly polarized packaged antenna, including a radiating unit, a ground adapter plate, a metal slot plate and an antenna test structure sequentially arranged from top to bottom; wherein the radiating unit is provided with a cut-angle structure; the ground adapter plate is also printed with a current-directing structure on its upper surface, and one end of the current-directing structure is connected to the radiating unit; the ground adapter plate is also provided with a first grounding hole for electrically connecting the radiating unit and the metal slot plate; the metal slot plate is provided with a slot. The circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention improves the circular polarization performance by arranging a current-directing structure and a circular cut-angle structure, and widens the working bandwidth of the antenna by arranging a metal slot plate in a slot coupling manner, and does not cause deterioration of the noise temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of communications, and more specifically, relates to a circular polarization packaged antenna. Background Art

[0002] Packaged antenna is a technology that processes antennas on packaging materials such as ceramics, silicon, and glass used to package chips. This technology can achieve high-density integration of antennas and microwave devices to achieve miniaturization. Satellite communication systems mostly use circularly polarized radiation modes with relatively wide bandwidths (≥5%). In the millimeter wave band, compared with printed circuit boards (Rogers 5880 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.2), the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate material of the packaged antenna is higher (silicon is 11.9, glass is generally 4-7, and ceramics are generally 5.9-9.8). Therefore, the design of broadband circularly polarized packaged antennas is more difficult.

[0003] Most of the existing broadband package antennas adopt the form of multiple feeding points, which realize orthogonal feeding through two or even more feeding points, and have achieved the purpose of expanding the bandwidth of the package antenna. However, in actual engineering applications, multiple feeding points need to be realized through an orthogonal feeding network, which will cause large feeding losses, which will worsen the noise temperature of the antenna. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized packaged antenna, aiming to solve or at least to a certain extent improve the technical problem in the prior art that the circularly polarized packaged antenna deteriorates the antenna noise temperature in order to solve the narrow bandwidth.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a circularly polarized packaged antenna, including a radiation unit, a ground adapter plate, a metal slot plate and an antenna test structure sequentially arranged from top to bottom; wherein,

[0006] The radiation unit is provided with a cut-angle structure;

[0007] The ground adapter plate has a current-directing structure printed on its upper surface, one end of which is connected to the radiation unit; the ground adapter plate is also provided with a first grounding hole for electrically connecting the radiation unit and the metal slot plate;

[0008] The metal slot plate is provided with slots;

[0009] The antenna test structure is used to be connected to a receiving / transmitting device and to radiate a signal to the radiating unit through the slot.

[0010] Further, the radiation unit includes a first patch, a second patch, a third patch and a fourth patch, and the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch have the same structure and size; the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are arranged on the ground adapter in a counterclockwise direction or a clockwise direction, and there is a gap between the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch;

[0011] There are two cut-corner structures, each of which is arranged on the second patch and the fourth patch respectively;

[0012] There are two current-directing structures, and one end of each current-directing structure is respectively fed to the first patch and the fourth patch;

[0013] The radiation unit and the current directing structure are centrally symmetrical with the center of the ground adapter plate as the center.

[0014] Furthermore, the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are respectively a quarter ellipse patch structure equally divided from the major axis and the minor axis direction of the ellipse.

[0015] Furthermore, the gap is a rectangular gap.

[0016] Furthermore, the circularly polarized packaged antenna further comprises an impedance matching unit covered on the lower part of the metal slot plate and a coaxial feeding unit covered on the lower part of the impedance matching unit, wherein the coaxial feeding unit is located between the impedance matching unit and the antenna test structure;

[0017] The signal emitted by the antenna test structure is first transmitted coaxially by the coaxial feeding unit, then subjected to impedance matching processing by the impedance matching unit, and finally radiated to the radiating unit through the slot.

[0018] Furthermore, the impedance matching unit includes a grounded shielding adapter plate and an impedance matching layer, the grounded shielding adapter plate is located between the metal slot plate and the impedance matching layer, the shielding adapter plate is provided with a second grounding hole for electrically connecting the metal slot plate and the impedance matching layer, and the impedance matching layer is provided with a first defect structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the coaxial feeding unit comprises a coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer, a metal grounding shielding adapter plate, a coaxial feeding layer and a metal contact layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;

[0020] The coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer is adjacent to the impedance matching layer, and the metal contact layer is adjacent to the antenna test structure;

[0021] The metal grounding shielding adapter plate is provided with a second defect structure, and the coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer is provided with a third grounding hole for electrically connecting the first defect structure and the second defect structure;

[0022] The metal contact layer is provided with a third defect structure, and the coaxial feeding layer is provided with a fourth grounding hole for electrically connecting the second defect structure and the third defect structure;

[0023] The coaxial-stripline feeding layer is provided with a stripline, the coaxial feeding layer is provided with a first signal line, the antenna test structure is provided with a second signal line, and the stripline, the first signal line and the second signal line are electrically connected.

[0024] Furthermore, the stripline includes a transverse segment and a vertical segment perpendicularly connected to the transverse segment, the stripline has an L-shaped structure, there are multiple third grounding holes, and the multiple third grounding holes are arranged around the transverse segment, the transverse segment deviates from the position where the gap is projected on the coaxial line to the stripline feeding layer, and the vertical segment is adjacent to the position where the gap is projected on the coaxial line to the stripline feeding layer.

[0025] Furthermore, there are a plurality of the fourth grounding holes, and the plurality of the fourth grounding holes are arranged around the first signal line.

[0026] Furthermore, the antenna test structure is made of conductive material.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention improves the circular polarization performance by arranging a current steering structure and a circular cut-angle structure, and widens the working bandwidth of the antenna by arranging a metal slot plate in a slot coupling manner without causing deterioration of the noise temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the radiation unit and current guiding structure;

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ground adapter plate;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the metal slot plate;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ground shield adapter plate;

[0033] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the impedance matching layer;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the coaxial line to stripline feed layer;

[0035] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the metal grounding shielding adapter plate;

[0036] Fig. 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the coaxial feed layer;

[0037] Fig.10 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the metal contact layer;

[0038] Fig.11 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the antenna test structure;

[0039] Fig.12 The standing wave ratio simulation result of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention after 4×4 square array is formed;

[0040] Fig.13 The axial ratio simulation result of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention after being arranged in a 4×4 square array.

[0041] In the figure: 1, radiation unit; 2, ground adapter plate; 3, metal slot plate; 4, ground shield adapter plate; 5, impedance matching layer; 6, coaxial line to stripline feeding layer; 7, metal ground shield adapter plate; 8, coaxial feeding layer; 9, metal contact layer; 10, antenna test structure; 11, current diversion structure; 12, corner cutting structure; 13, first grounding hole; 14, slot; 15, second grounding hole; 16, first defect structure; 17, stripline; 18, third grounding hole; 19, second defect structure; 20, first signal line; 21, fourth grounding hole; 22, third defect structure; 23, second signal line; 24, medium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “length”, “width”, “height”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “head” and “tail” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0044] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "install", "connect", "connect", "fix", "set" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In addition, the meaning of "multiple" and "several" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] See also Figures 1 to 4 and Fig.11 Now, an embodiment of the circular polarization package antenna provided by the present invention is described. The circular polarization package antenna comprises a radiation unit 1, a ground adapter plate 2, a metal slot plate 3 and an antenna test structure 10 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

[0047] The radiation unit 1 is provided with a cut-angle structure 12 . The upper surface of the ground adapter plate 2 is also printed with a current-guiding structure 11 , ie, a series-fed microstrip line, and one end of the current-guiding structure 11 is connected or fed to the radiation unit 1 .

[0048] The metal slot plate 3 is provided with a slot 14. The ground adapter plate 2 is also provided with a first ground hole 13 for electrically connecting the radiation unit 1 and the metal slot plate 3. The antenna test structure 10 is used to connect with a receiving / transmitting device and to radiate a signal to the radiation unit 1 through the slot 14.

[0049] The function of the first grounding hole 13 is to confine the electromagnetic energy radiated from the gap 14 to the area where the first grounding hole 13 is located, and then radiate it out from the radiation unit 1 corresponding to the first grounding hole 13 .

[0050] The radiation unit 1, the current directing structure 11, the first grounding hole 13, the slot 14 and the antenna test structure 10 form a series feeding network of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and broaden the antenna working bandwidth by slot coupling.

[0051] Antenna noise temperature is composed of two parts, one is the thermal noise caused by the loss of the antenna material itself, and the other is the external noise received by the antenna. The loss of the antenna material itself includes the loss caused by the antenna radiation resistance and the loss caused by the antenna feeding network. The broadband circularly polarized antenna in the prior art usually has a multi-port circularly polarized power splitter network, and its feeding loss is relatively large. Therefore, the noise temperature of the existing broadband circularly polarized antenna is relatively large.

[0052] In order to avoid using the existing multi-port circularly polarized feeding network, the radiation unit 1 itself is required to have the characteristic of circular polarization rotation of the electric field. At the same time, in order to reduce the feeding network loss of the antenna itself and ensure that the height of the antenna itself is relatively low, this embodiment adopts a slot antenna method (that is, a metal slot plate 3 with a slot 14).

[0053] The current directing structure 11 is a protruding structure on the radiation unit 1, and the corner-cut structure 12 is a defective structure on the radiation unit 1. The function of the protruding structure is to change the radiation direction of the current, and the function of the defective structure is to form a phase difference of the current with the protruding structure, so as to better realize the current directing. The circularly polarized packaged antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention improves the circular polarization performance through the current directing structure 11 and the corner-cut structure 12, avoids the multi-port circular polarization power division network structure, greatly reduces the feeding loss, and does not cause the deterioration of the noise temperature.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention improves the circular polarization performance by providing a current steering structure and a circular cut-corner structure, and widens the working bandwidth of the antenna by providing a metal slot plate in a slot coupling manner without causing deterioration of the noise temperature.

[0055] See also Figure 4 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the slot 14 is a rectangular slot.

[0056] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the radiation unit 1 includes a first patch, a second patch, a third patch and a fourth patch. The structures and sizes of the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are the same, and there are gaps between the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch, that is, any two patches among the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are not connected or connected.

[0057] The first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are arranged in a counterclockwise direction or a clockwise direction on the ground adapter board 2. When the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are arranged in a counterclockwise direction, the radiation unit 1 (i.e., the antenna) is a left-hand circularly polarized antenna. When the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are arranged in a clockwise direction, the radiation unit 1 (i.e., the antenna) is a right-hand circularly polarized antenna.

[0058] There are two corner cut structures 12, which are respectively arranged on the second patch and the fourth patch; there are two current directing structures 11, and one end of each current directing structure 11 is respectively fed with the first patch and the fourth patch. In this way, it is ensured that the second patch and the fourth patch arranged diagonally are respectively provided with a corner cut structure 12, and the first patch and the fourth patch arranged diagonally are respectively fed with one current directing structure 11.

[0059] For the slot antenna, each patch in the radiating element 1 cannot cover the slot of the slot coupling circuit, otherwise the energy fed will be blocked by the ground, causing most of the energy to be bound in the dielectric substrate and unable to radiate. Therefore, this requires that the number of patches in the radiating element 1 is preferably 2 or 4, and there is a gap between each patch.

[0060] In this embodiment, the circular polarization rotation direction of the electric field is realized by designing a current-directing structure 11 on an independent structural unit. In engineering applications, the better the axial ratio characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna, the lower the polarization loss of the antenna. Compared with four independent patch antennas, the axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna formed by two independent patches is relatively poor. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention uses four independent patches.

[0061] The ground adapter plate 2 itself is a centrally symmetrical plate structure, and the final pattern structure formed by the final radiation unit 1 and the current directing structure 11 is centrally symmetrically arranged on the ground adapter plate 2 with the center of the ground adapter plate 2 as the center, so that the radiation unit 1 transmits signals more uniformly.

[0062] See also Figure 3 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, there are four first grounding holes 13, and each first grounding hole 13 corresponds to the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch respectively.

[0063] See also Figure 1 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention also includes an impedance matching unit covered on the lower part of the metal slot plate 3 and a coaxial feeding unit covered on the lower part of the impedance matching unit, and the coaxial feeding unit is located between the impedance matching unit and the antenna test structure 10.

[0064] The signal emitted by the antenna test structure 10 is first transmitted coaxially by the coaxial feeding unit, then subjected to impedance matching processing by the impedance matching unit, and finally radiated to the radiation unit 1 through the slot 14 .

[0065] See also Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As a specific embodiment of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the impedance matching unit includes a grounded shielding adapter plate 4 and an impedance matching layer 5. The grounded shielding adapter plate 4 is located between the metal slot plate 3 and the impedance matching layer 5. The shielding adapter plate 4 is provided with a second grounding hole 15 for electrically connecting the metal slot plate 3 and the impedance matching layer 5. The center of the impedance matching layer 5 is provided with a first defect structure 16. The second grounding hole 15 is used to constrain the electromagnetic energy of the coaxial feeding unit to ensure that most of the feeding energy can be radiated to the radiation unit 1 through the slot 14.

[0066] See also Figure 1 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the coaxial feeding unit includes a coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer 6, a metal grounding shielding adapter plate 7, a coaxial feeding layer 8 and a metal contact layer 9 which are sequentially covered from top to bottom.

[0067] The coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer 6 is adjacent to the impedance matching layer 5 , and the metal contact layer 9 is adjacent to the antenna test structure 10 .

[0068] The metal grounding shielding adapter plate 7 is provided with a second defect structure 19, and the coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer 6 is provided with a third grounding hole 18 for electrically connecting the first defect structure 16 and the second defect structure 19;

[0069] The metal contact layer 9 is provided with a third defect structure 22, and the coaxial feeding layer 8 is provided with a fourth grounding hole 21 for electrically connecting the second defect structure 19 and the third defect structure 22;

[0070] The coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer is provided with a stripline 17, the coaxial feeding layer 8 is provided with a first signal line 20, the antenna test structure 10 is provided with a second signal line 23, and the stripline 17, the first signal line 20 and the second signal line 23 are electrically connected.

[0071] In engineering applications, especially in the use of large-scale array antennas, antennas are usually vertically interconnected to achieve electrical connectivity with other functional devices through coaxial connectors or coaxial welding (BGA welding). Therefore, in order to ensure input impedance matching between the antenna test structure 10 and the antenna, a metal ground shielding adapter plate 7, a coaxial feeding layer 8 and a metal contact layer 9 are specially provided. The coaxial feeding layer 8 is a complete microwave coaxial transmission structure. Through the interface size change of the metal ground shielding adapter plate 7 and the metal contact layer 9, the antenna is matched from the feeding circuit of the strip line 17 to the coaxial test structure, which enables the antenna to achieve good interconnection with the outside.

[0072] See also Figure 7 As a specific embodiment of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the stripline 17 includes a transverse section and a vertical section perpendicularly connected to the transverse section, that is, the stripline is in an L-shaped structure. There are multiple third grounding holes 18, and the multiple third grounding holes 18 are arranged around the transverse section. The transverse section deviates from the position where the slot 14 is projected on the coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer 6, and the vertical section is adjacent to the position where the slot 14 is projected on the coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer 6. The transverse section is located in the area where the first signal line 20 is projected on the coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer 6, and the third grounding hole 18 is mainly arranged in this area at the transverse section and as far away from the slot 14 as possible to avoid affecting the radiation energy of the stripline 17 to the slot 14. The second grounding hole 15 is used to realize that the energy of the feed layer is bounded inside the entire substrate, so the antenna can be used in the design of array antennas. Therefore, the antenna can be used in the design of array antennas. The second grounding hole 15 can ensure good isolation between the stripline 17 feeding circuits of different antennas.

[0073] See also Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the slot 14 is located at the center position on the metal slot plate 3, the vertical section of the stripline 17 is located at the center position on the coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer 6, and the transverse section and the third grounding hole 18 are deviated from the center position on the coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer 6.

[0074] See also Fig.11 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the fourth grounding hole 21 is arranged around the first signal line 20. The fourth grounding hole 21 is used to realize the feeding of the strip line 17 to the antenna.

[0075] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2, as a specific embodiment of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are respectively a quarter ellipse patch structure divided equally from the major axis and the minor axis direction of an ellipse, and each patch has a connected interval with the adjacent patch (the patch not set diagonally). This sentence means that the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch can together form an ellipse, and this ellipse is cut along its major axis and minor axis direction, and is divided into four equal parts (equal area and the same size), and these four equal parts are the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch.

[0076] This embodiment takes the transmitting antenna as an example. The electromagnetic field energy of the antenna is emitted from the strip line 17 and radiated by coupling from the slot 14. In order to ensure good axial ratio characteristics and radiation characteristics of circular polarization, the shape and number of patches in the radiating unit 1 are preferably set to a centrally symmetrical even structure, such as 2, 4, 8, etc., that is, each quadrant (a total of 4 quadrants). If the number of antenna patches is 2, it is difficult to achieve broadband circular polarization axial ratio characteristics relative to 4 patches; if it is set to 8, the design of the antenna is more difficult. Therefore, 4 is the best.

[0077] When the shape of the radiation unit 1 is a triangle, cutting the triangle into four patches cannot satisfy the symmetry of each independent unit. When the shapes of the radiation unit 1 are rectangular, circular and elliptical respectively, the difference between them is that the rectangular antenna has the highest radiation efficiency, the circular antenna has the best axial ratio characteristics, and the elliptical antenna has the advantages of both circular and rectangular antennas. At the same time, compared with circular patches, elliptical patch antennas are easier to achieve broadband characteristics, and their major and minor axes can set the starting and cutoff frequency bands of the antenna working frequency band. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch adopt an equally divided quarter elliptical patch structure.

[0078] See also Figure 2 As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the cut-angle structure is respectively arranged on the second patch and the fourth patch, and the cut-angle structure is symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis of the second patch or the fourth patch.

[0079] See also Figure 2 As a specific embodiment of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the cut-angle structure is a defect structure, which is located at the edge of the second patch or the fourth patch and is formed by three straight edges and a partial arc edge of the second patch or the fourth patch. Among them, two adjacent straight edges of the three straight edges are perpendicular to each other, and the length values ​​of the three straight edges are all c.

[0080] See also Figure 2As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the length of the semi-major axis of the ellipse formed by the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch is a, and the length of the semi-minor axis is b. The bandwidth performance of the circularly polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is mainly determined by the axial ratio bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth. The values ​​of the three parameters a, b and c directly determine the antenna axial ratio bandwidth.

[0081] Specifically, a, b and c can be calculated by the following formula:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] Where Q 0 The value can be obtained by calculating the equivalent loss tangent tanδ of the substrate. eff It can be obtained by testing the following formula.

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Among them, f 0 、f 1 and f 2 They represent the center operating frequency, starting frequency and cutoff frequency of the antenna respectively, ε r represents the dielectric constant of the substrate, c represents the speed of light, h represents the thickness of the substrate, and tanδ eff is the equivalent loss tangent of the antenna substrate, σ c is the skin depth of the antenna substrate, λ 0 , 1 and λ 2 They are the wavelengths corresponding to the center operating frequency, starting frequency and cutoff frequency of the antenna respectively.

[0088] By designing the electromagnetic field vector steering structure on four independent small units, the eigenfunction and eigenvalue of the antenna are changed to achieve electromagnetic field vector synthesis at different phase moments. The cutting angle size c on the independent unit can be calculated by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] The length of the lead branch on each patch can be calculated by the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] The projection difference between the stripline 17 and the slot 14 is d. By optimizing the value of d and the width of the stripline 17, the antenna impedance bandwidth can be adjusted. The initial value of d is set to λ 0 / 8. It should be pointed out here that the above formulas (1)-(6) can be derived from the microwave principle, electromagnetic field principle and the existing technology of microstrip antenna technology.

[0093] During the design process, firstly, according to the axial ratio bandwidth requirements, the initial sizes of a, b, and c are calculated according to the calculation formula. For high-frequency signals, the above parameter values ​​need to be fine-tuned again through electromagnetic 3D simulation software until the axial ratio bandwidth requirements are met.

[0094] Then, according to the dielectric constant and thickness of the antenna substrate, the coaxial circuit model in the metal ground shielding adapter plate 7 and the initial size of the stripline 17 in the coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer 6 are determined. By adjusting the value of the optimized d and the width of the stripline 17, the antenna impedance bandwidth is adjusted, thereby realizing the design of broadband circular polarization.

[0095] As a specific embodiment of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the antenna test structure 10 is a conductive material. Specifically, the antenna test structure 10 can be a conductive material such as gold, silver, copper, etc. Optionally, the antenna structure is a microwave coaxial connector, such as a wool button microwave coaxial connector.

[0096] As a specific embodiment of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the substrates such as the ground adapter plate 2, the metal slot plate 3, the ground shield adapter plate 4, the impedance matching layer 5, the coaxial line to stripline feeding layer 6, the metal ground shield adapter plate 7, the coaxial feeding layer 8, the metal contact layer and the antenna test structure 10 can be implemented by LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic), HTCC (ceramic heating plate) or a multi-layer printed circuit board. Taking LTCC as an example, the manufacturing process of its multi-layer ceramic substrate manufactures raw ceramic sheets through a film forming process, and then manufactures through holes, metallization, lamination, and sintering to form a multi-layer co-fired substrate.

[0097] As a specific implementation of the circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the present invention, the first grounding hole 13, the second grounding hole 15, the third grounding hole 18 or the fourth grounding hole 21 can be metallized holes respectively.

[0098] See also Fig.12 and Fig.13 The circularly polarized packaged antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention has a wider bandwidth and better circular polarization performance in application simulation.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized packaged antenna, characterized in that: It includes a radiation unit, a ground adapter plate, a metal slot plate and an antenna test structure which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; wherein, The radiation unit is provided with a cut-angle structure; The ground adapter plate has a current-directing structure printed on its upper surface, one end of which is connected to the radiation unit; the ground adapter plate is also provided with a first grounding hole for electrically connecting the radiation unit and the metal slot plate; The metal slot plate is provided with slots; The antenna test structure is used to connect to the receiving / transmitting device and to radiate the signal to the radiating unit through the slot; The radiation unit includes a first patch, a second patch, a third patch and a fourth patch, and the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch have the same structure and size; the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are arranged on the ground adapter in a counterclockwise direction or a clockwise direction, and there is a gap between the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch; There are two cut-corner structures, each of which is arranged on the second patch and the fourth patch respectively; There are two current-directing structures, and one end of each current-directing structure is respectively fed to the first patch and the fourth patch; The radiation unit and the current directing structure are centrally symmetrical structures with the center of the ground adapter plate as the center; The first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch are respectively a quarter ellipse patch structure equally divided in the direction of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse; The cut-angle structure is a defect structure, which is located at the edge of the second patch or the fourth patch and is formed by three straight edges and a partial arc edge of the second patch or the fourth patch; wherein two adjacent straight edges of the three straight edges are perpendicular to each other, and the side length values ​​of the three straight edges are c ; The length of the semi-major axis of the ellipse formed by the first patch, the second patch, the third patch and the fourth patch is a, and the length of the semi-minor axis is b; a, b and c can be calculated by the following formula: ； ； ； According to the calculation formula, the initial sizes of a, b, and c are calculated. For high-frequency signals, the above parameter values ​​need to be fine-tuned again through electromagnetic three-dimensional simulation software.

2. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap is a rectangular gap.

3. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The circularly polarized packaged antenna further comprises an impedance matching unit covered on the lower part of the metal slot plate and a coaxial feeding unit covered on the lower part of the impedance matching unit, wherein the coaxial feeding unit is located between the impedance matching unit and the antenna test structure; The signal emitted by the antenna test structure is first transmitted coaxially by the coaxial feeding unit, then subjected to impedance matching processing by the impedance matching unit, and finally radiated to the radiating unit through the slot.

4. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The impedance matching unit includes a grounded shielding adapter plate and an impedance matching layer. The grounded shielding adapter plate is located between the metal slot plate and the impedance matching layer. The shielding adapter plate is provided with a second grounding hole for electrically connecting the metal slot plate and the impedance matching layer. The impedance matching layer is provided with a first defect structure.

5. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coaxial feeding unit comprises a coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer, a metal grounding shielding adapter plate, a coaxial feeding layer and a metal contact layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; The coaxial-to-stripline feeding layer is adjacent to the impedance matching layer, and the metal contact layer is adjacent to the antenna test structure; The metal grounding shielding adapter plate is provided with a second defect structure, and the coaxial line-to-stripline feeding layer is provided with a third grounding hole for electrically connecting the first defect structure and the second defect structure; The metal contact layer is provided with a third defect structure, and the coaxial feeding layer is provided with a fourth grounding hole for electrically connecting the second defect structure and the third defect structure; The coaxial-stripline feeding layer is provided with a stripline, the coaxial feeding layer is provided with a first signal line, the antenna test structure is provided with a second signal line, and the stripline, the first signal line and the second signal line are electrically connected.

6. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stripline includes a transverse segment and a vertical segment perpendicularly connected to the transverse segment. The stripline has an L-shaped structure. There are multiple third grounding holes, and the multiple third grounding holes are arranged around the transverse segment. The transverse segment deviates from the position where the gap is projected on the coaxial line to the stripline feeding layer, and the vertical segment is adjacent to the position where the gap is projected on the coaxial line to the stripline feeding layer.

7. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are a plurality of the fourth grounding holes, and the plurality of the fourth grounding holes are arranged around the first signal line.

8. The circularly polarized packaged antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The antenna test structure is made of conductive material.

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