A kind of zither and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a guzheng and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the field of musical instruments, and solves the defects of limited vibration of the soundboard in traditional manufacturing technology, unreasonable structure of the musical instrument, inability to give full play to its own vibration performance, and failure to achieve its expected acoustic quality. The guzheng comprises an upper component module and a lower component module, and the upper component module and the lower component module form a hollow resonance body. The upper component module is made of a whole wooden board or a whole wooden board spliced ​​together, and the lower component module is also made of a whole wooden board or a whole wooden board spliced ​​together. The present invention adopts the independently developed "whole-board guzheng" technology, so that the panel and the entire body of the instrument can obtain more sufficient vibration, effectively improving the sound effect and acoustic quality of the instrument.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a musical instrument, in particular to a guzheng and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Guzheng is an ancient folk instrument. Since the advent of the 21-string Guzheng in the 1960s, this ancient instrument has been further promoted and popularized, becoming one of the preferred instruments that the public loves to hear and hear. The Guzheng's resonance cavity is composed of the top plate, back plate and side plates. The strings are plucked with fingers (or wearing artificial nails) to cause the strings to vibrate. The vibrating strings drive the top plate to vibrate, causing the air in the resonance cavity to vibrate. The sound generated is then radiated from the body and sound holes through the filtering and amplification of the resonance box, which is the sound of the Guzheng that we hear.

[0003] The first factor to be considered in the guzheng production process is the tension generated by the 21 strings. According to the light industry standard [Zheng Strings QB / T5171-2017], the total tension of the harder strings is 3501-4100 Newtons (about 400 kilograms). Such a large tension acts on the guzheng panel through the bridge for a long time, which may cause the panel to collapse or the body to be damaged due to factors such as unreasonable body structure or changes in the use environment. The traditional production method is to increase the strength of the body by increasing the thickness of the panel or using a frame. Too thick a panel and frame will reduce the effective vibration of the panel and affect the pronunciation.

[0004] There are two main methods for making guzheng at present, namely folding board guzheng and digging guzheng. The so-called folding board guzheng is to heat-bend a certain thickness of the panel into shape and then glue it to a pre-made frame and other parts to complete the production of the guzheng. The guzheng made by this method has a short service life and the sound is not mellow enough; the so-called digging guzheng is to use a whole piece of wood to plan and shape the panel by the method of hollowing out the belly. There is no sound beam in the instrument, and the backboard, Yueshan and other parts are glued to complete the production of the guzheng. Since there is no sound beam, in order to withstand the tensile force of about 4000 Newtons of 21 strings, the thickness of the panel will be made thicker (generally greater than 15 mm), which will have a certain impact on the sensitivity and frequency response range of the instrument. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the current guzheng instrument manufacturing, the present invention proposes a new guzheng manufacturing technology, namely the "whole-board guzheng" technology. This manufacturing technology makes the guzheng body stress distribution uniform, the structure more reasonable, the body resonance more harmonious, and especially the panel vibration more fully and freely, which prolongs the service life of the instrument and greatly improves and enhances the sound effect of the instrument.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: the guzheng comprises an upper component module and a lower component module, the upper component module and the lower component module form a hollow resonance body, and the upper component module and the lower component module are both made of a whole wooden board or a whole wooden board formed by splicing;

[0007] Furthermore, the upper component module is composed of a panel, a side panel, a front nut, a rear nut, a headstock string eye reinforcement plate, a tailstock string eye reinforcement plate, a front nut decorative plate, a sound beam, a three-way node, a sound beam hole, a guitar case, a headboard, a pegboard, a string bolt plate and a tailboard;

[0008] Furthermore, the lower component module is composed of a back plate, a back plate sound beam, a sound hole, a three-way node of the back plate sound beam, a guitar case, a head plate, a peg plate, and a tail plate.

[0009] Furthermore, each component in the upper component module and the lower component module is assembled in the same manner as the components in the existing guzheng, and the sound beams of the upper component module and the lower component module are made integrally with the panel or the back panel, including sound beams in three directions: right, middle, and left. The sound beams in the three directions intersect to form a three-way node, and the sound beams distributed in the three directions and the panel or the back panel form a three-way lattice shell structure;

[0010] Furthermore, the height, thickness and size of the sound beam are all smaller than the size of the panel, the sound beam includes a right sound beam, a center sound beam and a left sound beam, the angles between the right and center sound beams, and between the center and left sound beams are all smaller than 30 degrees, and the three-way node is arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the piano body;

[0011] Furthermore, the sound beams arranged in the upper component module and the lower component module include right-direction sound beams, center-direction sound beams and left-direction sound beams, the angles between the right-direction and center-direction, and between the center-direction and left-direction sound beams are all less than 30 degrees, and the three-way nodes are arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the piano body.

[0012] Furthermore, the structural unit division of the three-way lattice shell, the size of the sound beam and the thickness of the panel are all determined by the hyperbolic characteristics of the guzheng panel and the characteristics of the materials used, and the redundancy of the body load is designed according to the body structure of one times the limit load;

[0013] Furthermore, in S2, a certain number of beam holes are drilled on the beam at a certain distance to improve the elasticity of the panel and the reflection performance of sound waves, and the type of the lattice shell structure is determined by the manufacturing material;

[0014] Furthermore, S3 is specifically: the shape of the body of the zither after it is assembled is a curve shape, a straight line shape, or a shape constructed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space by combining and changing straight lines and curves, and the non-backboard part of the zither is carved. In order to make the outline of the zither stand out, the width of the zither with different shapes is increased by 1 to 5 cm based on the standard width of the zither.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the entire body of the zither is divided into only two parts, the upper component module is made of a whole piece of wood or a whole piece of wood spliced ​​together, and the lower component module is also made of a whole piece of wood or a whole piece of wood spliced ​​together, which avoids the mutual influence caused by unfavorable factors such as the uneven stress of the zither body caused by the traditional production process of each component being made separately and finally glued together, as well as the large amount of glue used. The "whole-board zither" technology makes the soundboard vibrate more fully, makes the structure of the instrument more scientific and reasonable, enhances the strength of the zither body, improves the pronunciation quality, and improves the service life. In addition, the increase in the width of the zither increases the effective vibration area of ​​the panel and the volume of air in the resonance box, further improving the acoustic quality of the zither.

[0016] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the external structure of a guzheng provided in Example 1 of the present invention (the width of the guzheng body is a curve);

[0019] Figure 2 This is an internal structural diagram of the upper component module of the guzheng provided in Example 1 of the present invention (the width of the body is a straight line);

[0020] Figure 3 This is the internal structure diagram of the lower component module of the guzheng provided in Example 1 of the present invention (the width of the body is traditional);

[0021] Description of main component symbols:

[0022] The panel 0100, the side panel 0200, the front nut 0110, the rear nut 0120, the headstock string eye reinforcement plate 0130, the tailstock string eye reinforcement plate 0140, the front nut decorative plate 0111, the sound beam 0150, the three-way node 0151, the sound beam hole 0152, the piano case 0400, the headboard 0500, the pegboard 0600, the string bolt board 0700, the tailboard 0800, the backboard 0300, the backboard sound beam 0310, the sound hole 0320, the backboard sound beam three-way node 0311, the piano case 0400, the headboard 0500, the pegboard 0600, the tailboard 0800 and other parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the production of the guzheng will be described more comprehensively with reference to the relevant drawings. The drawings provide preferred embodiments of the production of the guzheng. However, the production of the guzheng can be achieved in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the production of the guzheng more thorough and comprehensive.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the instructions for making the guzheng herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0025] A guzheng manufacturing technology comprises an upper component module and a lower component module, wherein the upper component module and the lower component module form a hollow resonance cavity.

[0026] The upper component module is made of a whole wooden board or a whole wooden board spliced ​​together, and the lower component module is also made of a whole wooden board or a whole wooden board spliced ​​together.

[0027] The panels and back panels of the upper and lower component modules are both arranged with sound beams distributed in three directions, namely right, middle and left sound beams. The intersections of the sound beams form three-way nodes. Due to the limitation of Kimura anisotropy, the angle of the sound beams should not be greater than 30 degrees. The sound beams distributed in three directions and the panel or back panel are integrated into the panel or back panel of a three-way lattice shell structure.

[0028] It is particularly pointed out that the lattice shell structure is a spatial bar system structure similar to a flat grid in architecture. It is based on bars, forms a grid according to a certain rule, and is a spatial frame arranged according to the shell structure. It has the properties of both the bar system and the shell. On this basis, according to the characteristics of wood, we changed the connection method of the bar system and the shell through a large number of calculations and experiments, applied the lattice shell structure to the production of the guzheng, and proposed the present invention. We can generally understand that the bar system is the sound beam on the panel, and the shell is the panel. According to the characteristics of the wood used for production, the three-way lattice shell structure with better mechanical properties in the lattice shell structure is used to design the sound beam. Of course, other types of lattice shell structures can also be used.

[0029] As an improvement on the above technical solution, the size of the lattice shell unit of the body panel and back panel and the size of the sound beam are designed based on the characteristics of the wood used and the hyperbolic surface of the guzheng panel, and the best solution is selected after finite element analysis. The three-way nodes are arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the body as much as possible. Since the back panel is subjected to less force, the height and thickness of the sound beam are smaller than the size of the panel sound beam.

[0030] As an improvement on the above technical solution, the production of the guzheng body using the "whole-board guzheng" technology consists of two parts, namely the upper component module and the lower component module. During assembly, it is only necessary to apply glue and bond the bottom of the side panels of the upper and lower component modules to complete the production of the entire body, which greatly simplifies the guzheng production process.

[0031] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in order to reduce the weight of the upper component, improve the elasticity of the panel and facilitate the reflection of sound waves, a drilling method is used to drill a certain number of sound beam holes on the sound beam at a certain distance.

[0032] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the "whole-board zither-making" production technology adopted makes the production of non-linear zither body shapes simple and easy. Therefore, in addition to adopting traditional forms, the zither body shape can also adopt a combination and variation of straight lines and curves to construct a zither with various shapes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space. In order to make the outline of the zither stand out, its width is increased by 1 to 5 centimeters on the basis of the standard width of the zither.

[0033] The present invention adopts the independently developed "whole-board zither" technology, which sets an integrated three-way lattice shell structure sound beam with excellent mechanical properties in the upper and lower component modules of the resonance body as the main carrier to resist the tension of the strings. In addition to the traditional form of the body shape, it can also use a combination of straight lines and curves to construct a variety of different shapes of zithers, changing the single shape of traditional zithers.

[0034] Due to the adoption of the "whole-board zither" technology, when assembling the zither body, it is only necessary to apply glue to the bottom edge of the upper and lower module side panels to complete the assembly of the entire zither body, which simplifies the production process of the zither and greatly reduces the amount of glue used. Since this production method does not have the constraints of various external components on the panel in the traditional production method, the panel and the entire zither body can obtain more sufficient vibration, effectively improving the sound effect and acoustic quality of the instrument. The process is relatively complex, the production is difficult, and requires precision and rigor.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The guzheng body includes an upper component module and a lower component module, wherein:

[0037] All parts of the upper and lower component modules are made of a whole piece of wood or a whole piece of wood that is spliced ​​together.

[0038] Specifically, the upper and lower component modules are made of the same base material by removing materials. If it is not a whole piece of wood to be spliced, no glue is needed. The sound beam should be smoothly connected and the transition should be natural to avoid sharp parts.

[0039] Since the components of the upper and lower component modules are naturally connected by the same substrate, the stress distribution at the connection parts of the components is uniform and changes continuously, and deformation caused by stress concentration will not occur.

[0040] Accordingly, under this structure, the thickness of the panel can be greatly reduced. Practice has proved that thanks to the excellent mechanical properties of the three-way lattice shell structure beam, the thickness of the panel can be less than half the thickness of the traditional guzheng panel (4-5 mm). The panel and other components are formed as one piece, which makes the sound transmission of the instrument body fast and natural, further enhancing the sensitivity and frequency response range of the guzheng.

[0041] Preferably, after the upper and lower component modules are manufactured, the entire piano body can be assembled by simply applying glue to the bottom of the side panels, thereby further streamlining the manufacturing process of the piano body.

[0042] Preferably, a certain number of beam holes are opened on the beams of the three-way lattice shell structure at a certain distance. The size of the lattice shell, the size of the beam, the number of beam holes, etc. are all determined after finite element analysis, providing a scientific basis for the production of the guzheng.

[0043] At the same time, the sound beam holes reduce the weight of the panel and increase the elasticity of the panel, making the panel vibrate more fully and improving the sound quality of the instrument.

[0044] Further preferably, due to the use of the "whole-plate zither" manufacturing technology, the appearance of the zither body becomes simple and easy to manufacture, thereby, in addition to the traditional form ( Figure 3 ), or a curved type ( Figure 1 ), linear( Figure 2 ) and other instrument body shapes, or use the combination and changes of straight lines and curves to construct a variety of Guzheng shapes and appearances.

[0045] It is further preferred that the width of the guzheng with different shapes is increased by 1 to 5 cm on the basis of the standard width of the guzheng, so that the outline of the guzheng is prominent, the effective vibration area of ​​the panel and the volume of the air in the resonance box are increased, and the acoustic quality of the guzheng is further improved.

[0046] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting, and thus other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0047] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0048] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A guzheng, characterized in that: The guzheng comprises an upper component module and a lower component module, the upper component module and the lower component module form a hollow resonance body, and the upper component module and the lower component module are both made of a wooden board in one piece; The wooden board is a whole wooden board or a whole wooden board formed by splicing; The upper component module and the lower component module are both provided with sound beams in three directions, namely, right, middle and left, which are made integrally with the panel or the back panel. The sound beams in the three directions intersect to form a three-way node. The sound beams distributed in the three directions and the panel or the back panel form a three-way lattice shell structure. The sound beams arranged in the upper component module and the lower component module include right-direction sound beams, center-direction sound beams and left-direction sound beams, the angles between the right-direction and center-direction, and between the center-direction and left-direction sound beams are all less than 30 degrees, and the three-way nodes are arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the piano body; The size of the lattice shell unit of the body panel and back panel and the size of the sound beam are designed based on the characteristics of the wood used and the hyperbolic surface of the guzheng panel, and the best solution is selected after finite element analysis. The three-way nodes are arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the body. Since the back panel is subjected to less force, the height and thickness of the sound beam are smaller than the size of the panel sound beam.

2. A method for making a guzheng, based on the guzheng described in claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: The upper component module is manufactured in one piece; S2: Complete the lower component module in one piece; S3: bonding the upper component module and the lower component module to form a piano body; The structural unit division of the three-way lattice shell, the size of the sound beam and the thickness of the panel are determined by the hyperboloid characteristics of the guzheng panel and the characteristics of the materials used. The redundancy of the body load is designed according to the body structure of one times the limit load; the size of the lattice shell unit of the body panel back panel and the size of the sound beam are designed according to the characteristics of the wood used and the hyperboloid of the guzheng panel and the best solution is selected after finite element analysis. The three-way node is arranged in the stress concentration area of ​​the body. Since the back panel is less stressed, the height and thickness of the sound beam are smaller than the size of the panel sound beam; In S2, a certain number of sound beam holes are drilled on the sound beam at a preset distance to improve the elasticity of the panel and the reflection performance of sound waves, and the type of the lattice shell structure is determined by the manufacturing material; S3 specifically includes: the shape of the body of the zither after the zither is assembled adopts a curve type, a straight line type, or a shape constructed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space by combining and changing straight lines and curves, and the non-backboard part of the zither is carved; All parts of the upper and lower component modules are made of a whole piece of wood or a whole piece of wood spliced ​​together; Specifically, the upper and lower component modules are made of the same base material by removing materials. If it is not a whole piece of wood to be spliced, no glue is needed; the production of the sound beam should be smooth and the transition should be natural to avoid the appearance of sharp parts; because the components of the upper and lower component modules are naturally connected by the same base material, the stress distribution at the connection part of the component is uniform and changes continuously, and there will be no deformation caused by stress concentration; The upper component module is composed of a panel, a side panel, a front nut, a rear nut, a headstock string eye reinforcement plate, a tailstock string eye reinforcement plate, a front nut decorative plate, a sound beam, a three-way node, a sound beam hole, a piano case, a headboard, a pegboard, a string bolt plate and a tailboard; The lower component module is composed of a back plate, a back plate sound beam, a sound hole, a three-way node of the back plate sound beam, a piano case, a head plate, a peg plate, and a tail plate.

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