Method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions
By digging specific structures in the field and heating the fermentation barrels with fuel, biomass carbon passivation heavy metals are generated, which solves the problems of difficulty in composting temperatures and high costs in cold areas, and achieves low cost and effective short-term results in livestock and poultry breeding waste Passivate heavy metals.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202010617336.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2020-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-31
- Estimated Expiration
- 2040-06-30
AI Technical Summary
It is difficult to raise temperatures of aerobic compost in the fields under low temperature conditions in cold areas, resulting in difficulty in passivation and treatment of heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding waste, increasing treatment costs, and affecting crop quality and human health.
By digging fermentation ports and channels of specific shapes in the field, placing fermentation barrels, and using straw or firewood to generate heat to heat the fermentation barrels, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content, and producing biomass carbon to passivate heavy metals.
Under low temperature conditions in cold areas, the low cost of livestock and poultry breeding waste is achieved, and the heavy metals are fermented and compost passivated in a short time, solving the problem of compost temperature difficulty and reducing the treatment cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN111592394B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of organic waste treatment, and in particular to a method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions. Background Art
[0002] Aerobic composting in the field is difficult to heat up under low temperature conditions in cold regions. The heavy metals added to livestock and poultry waste are highly active. If the heavy metals are not passivated, it will affect the quality of crops and threaten human health. In order to achieve the above functions, the traditional method is to make biomass carbon indoors to stabilize heavy metals; indoors, through heating facilities or insulation design, some low-temperature fermentation bacteria are artificially added to achieve composting temperature. These undoubtedly increase the processing cost and are not conducive to the harmless application of livestock and poultry waste to nearby farmland. Summary of the invention
[0003] The present invention provides a method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in the field in cold regions in order to solve the problems of difficulty in heating aerobic composting in the field under low temperature conditions in cold regions, inability to passivate heavy metals, and high cost.
[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:
[0005] A method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions, the method is achieved by the following steps:
[0006] Step 1, digging a fermentation port: digging a fermentation port in the field, the fermentation port is cylindrical, the upper diameter of the fermentation port is larger than the lower diameter, that is, the upper diameter is 1.8m-2.2m, the lower diameter is 1.6m-2m, and the height of the fermentation port is 2.4m;
[0007] Step 2: Dig the fuel channel and the smoke outlet channel: dig the fuel channel and the smoke outlet channel on the left and right sides of the fermentation port respectively. The distance between the fuel channel and the smoke outlet channel and the fermentation port is 0.5m. The fuel channel is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.5m long, 0.3m wide and 2.4m high. The smoke outlet channel is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.5m long, 0.3m wide and 2.4m high.
[0008] Step 3, digging the lower combustion port and the upper combustion port: dig the lower combustion port at the bottom between the fuel channel and the fermentation port. The lower combustion port is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high. The lower combustion port connects the fuel channel with the bottom of the fermentation port; dig the upper combustion port between the fuel channel and the fermentation port and 1.2m away from the bottom. The upper combustion port is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high. The upper combustion port connects the fuel channel with the middle and upper part of the fermentation port;
[0009] Step 4, dig the lower flue and the upper flue: dig the lower flue at the bottom between the smoke outlet and the fermentation port. The lower flue is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high. The lower flue connects the smoke outlet with the bottom of the fermentation port; dig the upper flue between the smoke outlet and the fermentation port and 1.2m away from the bottom. The upper flue is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high. The upper flue connects the smoke outlet with the middle and upper part of the fermentation port. The lower flue is directly opposite to the lower combustion port, and the upper flue is directly opposite to the upper combustion port.
[0010] Step 5: Place the fermentation barrel: Place the fermentation barrel in the fermentation port, with the bottom of the fermentation barrel 0.2m away from the bottom of the fermentation port;
[0011] Step 6: Heat the bottom of the fermentation barrel: put straw or firewood from the lower combustion port and ignite it. The generated smoke is discharged from the lower flue. The heat generated by the combustion heats the fermentation barrel.
[0012] Step 7: Add livestock and poultry manure and crushed straw: open the cover plate and the upper circular plate, put livestock and poultry manure and crushed straw into the fermentation barrel, adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) to 10, and cover the upper circular plate and the cover plate;
[0013] Step 8, heating the fermentation barrel: put straw or firewood from the upper combustion port, ignite it, and the smoke generated is discharged from the upper flue. The heat generated by the combustion heats the fermentation barrel; when the temperature measured from the round hole of the fermentation barrel rises to 20°C, bury the upper combustion port, the lower combustion port, the upper flue, and the lower flue with soil;
[0014] Step 9: Use biomass carbon to stabilize heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding waste: After 4 to 5 days, open the cover, pull the hinge on the upper circular plate, let the anaerobic biomass carbon fall into the fermentation barrel, stir and mix with a shovel, and close the cover; every 5 to 7 days, open the cover, stir the material, increase ventilation, and wait for 40 to 50 days to complete the composting, thus completing the passivation of heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding waste fermentation composting;
[0015] The method is achieved by a device for passivating heavy metals through fermentation and composting of livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions. The device comprises a fermentation barrel, a lower circular plate, an upper circular plate, a cover plate and a hinge. The upper diameter of the fermentation barrel is larger than the lower diameter, that is, the upper diameter is 1.8m-2.2m, and the lower diameter is 1.6m-2m. The height of the fermentation barrel is 1m. Several circular holes are arranged on the barrel wall of the fermentation barrel. The upper circular plate consists of two semicircles and is connected by a hinge. The upper circular plate is arranged at the upper port of the fermentation barrel, and the upper circular plate is connected to the fermentation barrel by an iron wire. The lower circular plate consists of two semicircles and is connected by a hinge. The lower circular plate is arranged at the lower port of the fermentation barrel, and the lower circular plate is connected to the fermentation barrel by an iron wire. The cover plate is covered on the upper circular plate.
[0016] Furthermore, in the step 1, the diameter of the upper end of the fermentation port is 2 m, and the diameter of the lower end is 1.8 m.
[0017] Furthermore, in the step 2, the fuel channel and the smoke outlet channel are on the same straight line.
[0018] Furthermore, the straw in step six, step seven and step eight is corn straw or rice straw.
[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0020] The present invention heats the fermentation barrel by the heat generated by the combustion of fuels such as corn / rice straw or firewood, and after the combustion port and the flue are closed, the fuel will produce some biomass carbon, which can be directly added to the compost material to passivate the heavy metals in the livestock and poultry breeding waste. The present invention has low cost and short composting time, and can passivate heavy metals in the livestock and poultry breeding waste fermentation compost in the field under low temperature conditions in cold areas, thereby solving the problem of low field temperature and difficulty in composting temperature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of the . DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Specific implementation method 1: Combination Figure 1 The present embodiment is described, and the present embodiment comprises a fermentation barrel 7, a lower circular plate 1, an upper circular plate 2, a cover plate 3 and a hinge 4. The upper diameter of the fermentation barrel 7 is larger than the lower diameter, that is, the upper diameter is 1.8m to 2.2m, and the lower diameter is 1.6m to 2m. The height of the fermentation barrel 7 is 1m. Several circular holes 5 are arranged on the barrel wall of the fermentation barrel 7, and the circular holes 5 are used for ventilation. The upper circular plate 2 is composed of two semicircles and connected by a hinge 4. The upper circular plate 2 is arranged at the upper port of the fermentation barrel 7, and the upper circular plate 2 is connected to the fermentation barrel 7 by a wire. The lower circular plate 1 is composed of two semicircles and connected by a hinge 4. The lower circular plate 1 is arranged at the lower port of the fermentation barrel 7, and the lower circular plate 1 is connected to the fermentation barrel 7 by a wire. The cover plate 3 is covered on the upper circular plate 2.
[0024] The diameter of the upper opening of the fermentation barrel 7 is 2 m, and the diameter of the lower opening of the fermentation barrel 7 is 1.9 m.
[0025] The cover plate 3 is circular in shape with a diameter of 2 m and is made of transparent organic glass.
[0026] A plurality of circular holes 5 are arranged in a matrix along the wall of the fermentation tank 7 .
[0027] Specific implementation method 2: Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment is described, and this embodiment is implemented by the following steps:
[0028] Step 1, digging fermentation port B: digging fermentation port B in the field, fermentation port B is cylindrical, the upper end diameter of fermentation port B is larger than the lower end diameter, that is, the upper end diameter is 1.8m-2.2m, the lower end diameter is 1.6m-2m, and the height of fermentation port B is 2.4m;
[0029] Step 2, digging fuel channel A and smoke outlet channel C: dig fuel channel A and smoke outlet channel C on the left and right sides of fermentation port B respectively. The distance between fuel channel A and smoke outlet channel C and fermentation port B is 0.5m. Fuel channel A is in the shape of a cuboid, with a length of 0.5m, a width of 0.3m, and a height of 2.4m. Smoke outlet channel C is in the shape of a cuboid, with a length of 0.5m, a width of 0.3m, and a height of 2.4m.
[0030] Step 3, digging the lower combustion port D1 and the upper combustion port D2: digging the lower combustion port D1 at the bottom between the fuel channel A and the fermentation port B, the lower combustion port D1 is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide, and 0.5m high. The lower combustion port D1 connects the fuel channel A with the bottom of the fermentation port B; digging the upper combustion port D2 between the fuel channel A and the fermentation port B and 1.2m away from the bottom. The upper combustion port D2 is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide, and 0.5m high. The upper combustion port D2 connects the fuel channel A with the middle and upper part of the fermentation port B;
[0031] Step 4, dig the lower flue E1 and the upper flue E2: dig the lower flue E1 at the bottom between the smoke outlet channel C and the fermentation port B. The lower flue E1 is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high. The lower flue E1 connects the smoke outlet channel C with the bottom of the fermentation port B; dig the upper flue E2 between the smoke outlet channel C and the fermentation port B and 1.2m away from the bottom. The upper flue E2 is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high. The upper flue E2 connects the smoke outlet channel C with the middle and upper part of the fermentation port B. The lower flue E1 is opposite to the lower combustion port D1, and the upper flue E2 is opposite to the upper combustion port D2;
[0032] Step 5, placing the fermentation barrel 7: placing the fermentation barrel 7 in the fermentation port B, with the bottom of the fermentation barrel 7 being 0.2 m away from the bottom layer of the fermentation port B;
[0033] Step 6: Heat the bottom of the fermentation barrel 7: Put straw or firewood from the lower combustion port D1 and ignite it. The generated smoke is discharged from the lower flue E1. The heat generated by the combustion heats the fermentation barrel 7.
[0034] Step 7: Add livestock and poultry manure and crushed straw: open the cover plate 3 and the upper circular plate 2, put livestock and poultry manure and crushed straw into the fermentation barrel 7, adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) to 10, and cover the upper circular plate 2 and the cover plate 3;
[0035] Step 8, heating the fermentation barrel 7: put straw or firewood from the upper combustion port D2, ignite it, and the smoke generated is discharged from the upper flue E2, and the heat generated by the combustion heats the fermentation barrel 7; when the temperature measured from the round hole 5 of the fermentation barrel 7 rises to 20°C, bury the upper combustion port D2, the lower combustion port D1, the upper flue E2, and the lower flue E1 with soil;
[0036] Step 9, using biomass carbon to stabilize heavy metals in livestock and poultry waste: After 4 to 5 days, open the cover 3, pull the hinge 4 on the upper circular plate 2, let the anaerobically produced biomass carbon fall into the fermentation barrel 7, stir and mix with a shovel to achieve the biomass carbon to stabilize the heavy metals in livestock and poultry waste, and close the cover 3; every 5 to 7 days thereafter, open the cover 3, stir the material, increase ventilation, and the composting will be completed in 40 to 50 days, and it can be spread into the nearby farmland, so that the livestock and poultry waste fermentation composting passivation of heavy metals is completed.
[0037] In the step 1, the upper diameter of the fermentation port B is 2 m, and the lower diameter is 1.8 m.
[0038] In the step 2, the fuel channel A and the smoke outlet channel C are on the same straight line.
[0039] The straw in step six, step seven and step eight is corn straw or rice straw.
Claims
1. A method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions, characterized in that: The method is achieved by the following steps: Step 1, digging a fermentation port (B): digging a fermentation port (B) in the field, the fermentation port (B) is cylindrical, the upper end diameter of the fermentation port (B) is larger than the lower end diameter, that is, the upper end diameter is 1.8m-2.2m, the lower end diameter is 1.6m-2m, and the height of the fermentation port (B) is 2.4m; Step 2, digging the fuel channel (A) and the smoke channel (C): dig the fuel channel (A) and the smoke channel (C) on the left and right sides of the fermentation port (B) respectively. The distance between the fuel channel (A) and the smoke channel (C) and the fermentation port (B) is 0.5m. The fuel channel (A) is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 0.5m, a width of 0.3m, and a height of 2.4m. The smoke channel (C) is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 0.5m, a width of 0.3m, and a height of 2.4m. Step 3, digging the lower combustion port (D1) and the upper combustion port (D2): digging the lower combustion port (D1) at the bottom between the fuel channel (A) and the fermentation port (B), the lower combustion port (D1) is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high, and the lower combustion port (D1) connects the fuel channel (A) with the bottom of the fermentation port (B); digging the upper combustion port (D2) between the fuel channel (A) and the fermentation port (B) and 1.2m away from the bottom, the upper combustion port (D2) is in the shape of a cuboid, which is 0.2m long, 0.5m wide and 0.5m high, and the upper combustion port (D2) connects the fuel channel (A) with the middle and upper parts of the fermentation port (B); Step 4, digging the lower flue (E1) and the upper flue (E2): digging the lower flue (E1) at the bottom between the smoke outlet channel (C) and the fermentation port (B), the lower flue (E1) is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 0.2m, a width of 0.5m, and a height of 0.5m. The lower flue (E1) makes the smoke outlet channel (C) communicate with the bottom of the fermentation port (B); digging the upper flue (E2) between the smoke outlet channel (C) and the fermentation port (B) and 1.2m away from the bottom, the upper flue (E2) is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 0.2m, a width of 0.5m, and a height of 0.5m. The upper flue (E2) makes the smoke outlet channel (C) communicate with the middle and upper parts of the fermentation port (B), the lower flue (E1) is opposite to the lower combustion port (D1), and the upper flue (E2) is opposite to the upper combustion port (D2); Step 5, placing the fermentation barrel (7): placing the fermentation barrel (7) in the fermentation port (B), with the bottom of the fermentation barrel (7) being 0.2 m away from the bottom layer of the fermentation port (B); Step 6: heating the bottom of the fermentation barrel (7): putting straw or firewood into the lower combustion port (D1), igniting it, and the smoke generated is discharged from the lower flue (E1), and the heat generated by the combustion heats the fermentation barrel (7); Step 7: Adding livestock and poultry manure and crushed straw: Open the cover plate (3) and the upper circular plate (2), put livestock and poultry manure and crushed straw into the fermentation barrel (7), adjust the moisture content of the material to 50%, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) to 10, and cover the upper circular plate (2) and the cover plate (3); Step 8, heating the fermentation barrel (7): put straw or firewood from the upper combustion port (D2), ignite it, and discharge the smoke from the upper flue (E2), and the heat generated by the combustion heats the fermentation barrel (7); when the temperature measured from the round hole (5) of the fermentation barrel (7) rises to 20° C., cover the upper combustion port (D2), the lower combustion port (D1), the upper flue (E2), and the lower flue (E1) with soil; Step 9: Use biomass carbon to stabilize heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding waste: After 4 to 5 days, open the cover plate (3), pull the hinge (4) on the upper circular plate (2), let the anaerobic biomass carbon fall into the fermentation barrel (7), stir and mix with a shovel, and close the cover plate (3); every 5 to 7 days, open the cover plate (3), stir the material, increase ventilation, and wait for 40 to 50 days to complete the composting, thus completing the passivation of heavy metals in livestock and poultry breeding waste fermentation composting; The method is achieved by using a device for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions. The device comprises a fermentation barrel (7), a lower circular plate (1), an upper circular plate (2), a cover plate (3) and a hinge (4). The diameter of the upper opening of the fermentation barrel (7) is larger than the diameter of the lower opening, that is, the diameter of the upper opening is 1.8m to 2.2m, and the diameter of the lower opening is 1.6m to 2m. The height of the fermentation barrel (7) is 1m. A plurality of circular plates are arranged on the barrel wall of the fermentation barrel (7). The fermentation barrel (7) has a hole (5), an upper circular plate (2) composed of two semicircles and connected by a hinge (4), the upper circular plate (2) is arranged at the upper end of the fermentation barrel (7), the upper circular plate (2) and the fermentation barrel (7) are connected by a wire, the lower circular plate (1) is composed of two semicircles and connected by a hinge (4), the lower circular plate (1) is arranged at the lower end of the fermentation barrel (7), the lower circular plate (1) and the fermentation barrel (7) are connected by a wire, and a cover plate (3) is covered on the upper circular plate (2).
2. The method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the upper diameter of the fermentation port (B) is 2 m, and the lower diameter is 1.8 m.
3. The method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the fuel channel (A) and the smoke outlet channel (C) are on the same straight line.
4. The method for passivating heavy metals by fermenting and composting livestock and poultry breeding waste in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw in step six, step seven and step eight is corn straw or rice straw.