Cellulosic biomass synthesis gas production device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cellulosic biomass synthesis gas production device, comprising a rotating arc torch for generating a rotating arc to process biomass powder, and a reforming reactor connected to the rotating arc torch and configured to reform the biomass powder treated by the rotating arc torch. The cellulosic biomass synthesis gas production device improves biomass gasification efficiency and gas quality, is compact, and eliminates tar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy chemical industry, and in particular, the present invention relates to a device for preparing synthesis gas from cellulose biomass. Background Art

[0002] Cellulosic biomass energy is a clean, renewable energy source with considerable yields. It has the ability to replace fossil energy to obtain chemicals and fuels. How to efficiently utilize cellulosic biomass energy is receiving increasing attention. Currently, cellulosic biomass utilization technologies include biomass molding fuel technology, biomass biogas fermentation technology, and biomass pyrolysis liquefaction or gasification technology. Among them, biomass gasification to produce syngas technology can convert biomass into high-value-added fuels and chemicals, and has greater development and application potential. The main problems with conventional biomass gasification technology are that the equipment is difficult to miniaturize, the gas quality is low, and tar treatment is difficult, which limits the development and application of biomass gasification technology, thereby affecting the utilization rate of cellulosic biomass energy.

[0003] Plasma, characterized by high temperature and high chemical activity, has been studied and applied in biomass gasification technology. Patent publication number CN102226091A discloses a device for pyrolysis and gasification of biomass to produce syngas. This device uses a thermal plasma jet to pyrolyze and gasify biomass powder. While this device can completely eliminate tar, the high power consumption of the thermal plasma results in low biomass gasification efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a device for preparing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass, the purpose of which is to improve the efficiency of biomass gasification.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cellulosic biomass synthesis gas preparation device, including a rotating arc torch for generating a rotating arc for processing biomass powder and a reforming reactor connected to the rotating arc torch and used for the reforming reaction of the biomass powder processed by the rotating arc torch.

[0006] The rotating arc torch comprises a cathode, an anode and a nozzle connected to the anode. The anode is connected to the ground, and the cathode is connected to a high-voltage arc power supply for generating a rotating arc.

[0007] The cathode and anode are both cylindrical structures. The cathode is located at the center of the anode and the cathode and the anode are coaxially arranged. The cathode is used to receive biomass powder supplied by a cellulose biomass powder feeder, and the anode is connected to the reforming reactor.

[0008] The nozzle has a receiving cavity for inserting the end of the cathode, and the receiving cavity is a conical cavity. The nozzle is coaxial with the cathode and the anode, and is used to generate the rotating arc through the high-voltage arc input from the cathode.

[0009] The rotary arc torch further includes a gas injection portion for providing gas into a cavity formed between the anode and the cathode, and an insulating member disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the insulating member and the nozzle are arranged opposite to each other.

[0010] The total amount of air introduced into the cavity between the anode and the cathode through the gas injection portion is 0.1-0.9 times the amount of air required for complete combustion of the cellulosic biomass.

[0011] The reforming reactor includes an outer cylinder, a first inner cylinder arranged inside the outer cylinder, and a second inner cylinder arranged inside the first inner cylinder. The second inner cylinder is connected to the rotary arc torch and is used to guide the biomass powder processed by the rotary arc torch into the first inner cylinder.

[0012] The outer cylinder, the first inner cylinder and the second inner cylinder are coaxially arranged, the first end of the second inner cylinder is connected to the rotating arc torch, the second end of the second inner cylinder is located in the first inner cylinder, the first end and the second end of the second inner cylinder are both provided with openings, the first end of the first inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder and the first end of the first inner cylinder is a closed end, the second end of the first inner cylinder is provided with an opening, and the inner cavity of the first inner cylinder is connected to the inner cavity of the second inner cylinder and the inner cavity of the outer cylinder.

[0013] The first inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder through a support rod.

[0014] The cellulosic biomass synthesis gas preparation device also includes an upper flange connected to the outer cylinder, a lower flange connected to the rotating arc torch, and a sealing ring arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange. The upper flange has an avoidance hole for allowing the second inner cylinder to pass through.

[0015] The cellulose biomass synthesis gas preparation device of the present invention can improve the biomass gasification efficiency and gas quality, has a small overall volume, and can eliminate tar. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] This manual includes the following drawings, which show the following contents:

[0017] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device for preparing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass according to the present invention;

[0018] The markings in the figure are: 1. Air inlet adapter; 2. Cathode; 3. Insulator; 4. Anode; 5. Lower flange; 6. Nut; 7. Bolt; 8. Second inner cylinder; 9. Nozzle; 10. Sealing ring; 11. Outer cylinder; 12. Gas injection part; 13. First inner cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following is a further detailed description of the specific implementation methods of the present invention through the description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, with the aim of helping those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the concept and technical solution of the present invention and to facilitate its implementation.

[0020] It should be noted that, in the following embodiments, the "first" and "second" do not represent an absolute distinction in structure and / or function, nor do they represent a sequence of execution, but are merely for the convenience of description.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a cellulose biomass synthesis gas preparation device, including a rotating arc torch for generating a rotating arc for processing biomass powder and a reforming reactor connected to the rotating arc torch and used for reforming reaction of the biomass powder processed by the rotating arc torch.

[0022] Specifically, the principle of the cellulose biomass synthesis gas preparation device of the present invention is: the cellulose biomass particle raw material undergoes cracking and incomplete combustion in the high-temperature, high-energy, and high-chemical activity environment of non-equilibrium plasma and releases heat, and steam reforming and autothermal reforming between carbon monoxide, dioxide and water vapor occur under the heat provided by the incomplete combustion, thereby preparing synthesis gas.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the rotating arc torch comprises a cathode 2, an anode 4, and a nozzle 9 connected to the anode 4. The anode 4 is connected to the ground, and the cathode 2 is electrically connected to a high-voltage arc power supply, generating a rotating arc. Both the cathode 2 and the anode 4 are cylindrical structures, with the cathode 2 located at the center of the anode 4 and coaxially arranged. The cathode 2 receives biomass powder supplied by a cellulosic biomass powder feeder, while the nozzle 9 communicates with the reforming reactor. Both ends of the cathode 2 have openings. One end of the cathode 2 is connected to an air inlet adapter 1, which is connected to the cellulosic biomass powder feeder. The cellulosic biomass powder feeder is connected to the air inlet adapter 1 via an air pipe. The airflow conveys biomass powder particles output from the cellulosic biomass powder feeder into the cathode 2, and then into the rotating arc torch and the reforming reactor. The inner diameter of the anode 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the cathode 2 , the length of the anode 4 is smaller than the length of the cathode 2 , and the difference between the inner diameter of the anode 4 and the outer diameter of the cathode 2 is greater than 10 mm to prevent breakdown discharge between the anode 4 and the cathode 2 .

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the nozzle 9 is used to guide the biomass powder in the cavity formed between the anode 4 and the cathode 2 into the reforming reactor. The nozzle 9 has a receiving cavity for inserting the end of the cathode 2. The receiving cavity is a conical cavity. The nozzle 9 is a circular ring structure. The nozzle 9 is coaxially arranged with the cathode 2 and the anode 4, and is used to generate a rotating arc through the high-voltage arc input from the cathode 2. The nozzle 9 is fixedly connected to the anode 4. The accommodating chamber is a cavity extending from the center of the end surface of the nozzle 9 facing the insulating member 3 toward the interior of the nozzle 9. The accommodating chamber has a large diameter end and a small diameter end. The large diameter end of the accommodating chamber is located on the end surface of the nozzle 9, and the small diameter end of the accommodating chamber is located inside the nozzle 9. The large diameter end and the small diameter end of the accommodating chamber are opposite ends of the accommodating chamber in the axial direction. The diameter of the large diameter end of the accommodating chamber is larger than the diameter of the small diameter end. One end of the cathode 2 is inserted into the accommodating chamber. The diameter of the large diameter end of the accommodating chamber is larger than the outer diameter of the cathode 2, and the diameter of the small diameter end of the accommodating chamber is smaller than the outer diameter of the cathode 2. A gap is formed between the cathode 2 and the inner wall surface of the accommodating chamber. The accommodating chamber is connected to the cavity formed between the anode 4 and cathode 2. The diameter of the large diameter end of the accommodating chamber is the same as the inner diameter of the anode 4. The accommodating chamber and the cathode 2 are coaxially arranged. The reforming reactor is connected to the accommodating chamber of the nozzle 9.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the rotating arc torch also includes a gas injection portion 12 for providing gas to the cavity formed between the anode 4 and the cathode 2, and an insulating member 3 provided between the anode 4 and the cathode 2, and the insulating member 3 and the nozzle 9 are arranged opposite to each other. The gas injection portion 12 is an air inlet provided on the anode 4, and the air inlet is connected to the inner cavity of the anode 4. The flow direction of the air introduced through the gas injection portion 12 is tangential to the anode 4. The air inlet is a circular hole, and the axis of the air inlet is spatially perpendicular to the axis of the anode 4. The gas injection portion 12 is used to supply gas during arc discharge. When the air entering tangentially through the gas injection portion 12 passes through the cavity between the anode 4 and the cathode 2, it has a rotating component, which can drive the discharge arc between the cathode 2 and the anode 4 to rotate, thereby generating a rotating arc.

[0026] Preferably, the total amount of air introduced into the cavity between the anode 4 and the cathode 2 through the gas injection portion 12 is 0.1-0.9 times the amount of air required for complete combustion of the cellulosic biomass.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, the insulating member 3 insulates the cathode 2 and the anode 4. The height of the insulating member 3 should be less than the height of the anode 4. The insulating member 3 is used to support and insulate the cathode 2. The insulating member 3 is made of insulating material, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene. The insulating member 3 is a circular ring structure and the insulating member 3 and the cathode 2 are coaxially arranged. The cathode 2 passes through the center hole of the insulating member 3. The insulating member 3 is located between the two ends of the cathode 2. One end of the anode 4 is fixedly connected to the insulating member 3, and the other end of the anode 4 is connected to the nozzle 9.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the reforming reactor includes an outer cylinder 11, a first inner cylinder 13 disposed within the outer cylinder 11, and a second inner cylinder 8 disposed within the first inner cylinder 13. The second inner cylinder 8 is connected to the rotating arc torch and is used to guide the biomass powder processed by the rotating arc torch into the first inner cylinder 13. The outer cylinder 11, the first inner cylinder 13, and the second inner cylinder 8 are all hollow cylinders. The outer cylinder 11, the first inner cylinder 13, and the second inner cylinder 8 are coaxially arranged. The inner diameter of the outer cylinder 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the first inner cylinder 13, and the inner diameter of the first inner cylinder 13 is the same as the outer diameter of the second inner cylinder 8. The first end of the second inner cylinder 8 is connected to the rotating arc torch, and the second end of the second inner cylinder 8 is located within the first inner cylinder 13. The first and second ends of the second inner cylinder 8 are axially opposite ends of the second inner cylinder 8, and both ends of the second inner cylinder 8 are provided with circular openings. The second inner cylinder 8 is coaxially arranged with the nozzle 9 and the cathode 2, and the center hole of the second inner cylinder 8 is connected to the center hole of the cathode 2. The first end of the first inner cylinder 13 is connected to the outer cylinder 11 and the first end of the first inner cylinder 13 is a closed end. The second end of the first inner cylinder 13 is provided with a circular opening. The inner cavity of the first inner cylinder 13 is connected to the inner cavity of the second inner cylinder 8 and the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 11. The first end and the second end of the first inner cylinder 13 are opposite ends of the first inner cylinder 13 in the axial direction. Driven by the airflow, the plasma-treated biomass powder in the inner cavity of the anode 4 enters the inner cavity of the second inner cylinder 8 through the nozzle 9, and finally enters the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 11.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the first inner cylinder 13 is connected to the outer cylinder 11 through a support rod, one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the first inner cylinder 13, and the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder 11, and multiple support rods are provided.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the cellulosic biomass synthesis gas production device of the present invention also includes an upper flange connected to an outer cylinder 11, a lower flange 5 connected to a rotating arc torch, and a sealing ring 10 disposed between the upper and lower flanges 5. The upper flange has a clearance hole for the second inner cylinder 8 to pass through. The upper flange is located above the lower flange 5 and is connected to the lower flange 5 by fasteners consisting of bolts 7 and nuts 6. The upper and lower flanges 5 have bolt holes for the bolts 7 to pass through. The upper flange is fixedly connected to one end of the outer cylinder 11, and the lower flange 5 is fixedly connected to the nozzle 9. The clearance hole is a through-hole extending through the center of the upper flange. The upper flange seals the end opening of the outer cylinder 11. The sealing ring 10 is sandwiched between the upper and lower flanges 5 to provide a seal between the upper and lower flanges 5. The first end of the second inner cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the nozzle 9. The second inner cylinder 8 passes through the lower flange 5, the sealing ring 10, and the upper flange in sequence, and the sealing ring 10 surrounds the second inner cylinder 8.

[0031] Cathode 2 is connected to a high-voltage arc power supply via a wire. The high-voltage arc power supply includes a ground terminal and a high-voltage electrode terminal. The ground terminal is connected to the earth, and the high-voltage electrode terminal is connected to cathode 2. A cellulose biomass powder feeder is connected to cathode 2 and is used to uniformly and continuously convey 20-80 mesh biomass powder.

[0032] After the high-voltage arc power supply is powered on, it outputs high voltage electricity, and a breakdown discharge occurs between the cathode 2 and the nozzle 9, forming a rotating arc plasma under the action of the tangential airflow; the biomass powder entering the rotating arc torch through the cathode 2 passes through the plasma driven by the airflow; the biomass powder undergoes pyrolysis and oxidation in the high-temperature, high-energy, and highly chemically active environment of the air plasma; then, the plasma-treated biomass powder particles are sprayed into the second inner cylinder 8 through the nozzle 9; the pyrolyzed and oxidized biomass powder volatilizes combustible gases, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc.; at the same time, due to insufficient air, incomplete combustion occurs, releasing carbon monoxide, etc.; the incomplete combustion of the biomass powder releases a certain amount of heat, which enters the first inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 11 along with the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and undergoes autothermal reforming and steam reforming reactions. The three-layer cylinder structure of the reforming reactor is conducive to increasing the reforming reaction time while also reducing heat loss. The ash after combustion of biomass powder settles at the bottom of the reforming reactor, and the synthesis gas obtained by reforming is discharged from the exhaust port and collected. The exhaust port is set at the upper end of the outer cylinder 11.

[0033] The cellulosic biomass synthesis gas device of the above structure has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. The present invention utilizes the high temperature, high energy, and high chemical activity characteristics of non-equilibrium arc plasma, combined with autothermal reforming of cellulosic biomass, to significantly improve the efficiency of reforming solid biomass fuel to produce synthesis gas;

[0035] 2. The non-equilibrium air arc plasma used in the present invention has the characteristics of high activity, which helps to inhibit the production of tar;

[0036] 3. The device of the present invention can be built in a small volume, which is not only suitable for the characteristics of the dispersed distribution of cellulose biomass, but also can be built in different volumes according to different application scenarios.

[0037] The present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described method. Any non-substantial improvements made using the method concepts and technical solutions of the present invention, or any direct application of the above-described concepts and technical solutions to other situations without modification, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass, characterized by: A cellulose biomass synthesis gas preparation device is used, which includes a rotating arc torch for generating a rotating arc for treating biomass powder and a reforming reactor connected to the rotating arc torch and used for a reforming reaction of the biomass powder treated by the rotating arc torch; The rotating arc torch includes a cathode, an anode, and a nozzle connected to the anode. The anode is connected to the ground, and the cathode is electrically connected to a high-voltage arc power supply to generate a rotating arc. The cathode and anode are both cylindrical structures, with the cathode located at the center of the anode and the cathode and anode being coaxially arranged. The cathode is used to receive biomass powder supplied by a cellulose biomass powder feeder, and the nozzle is connected to a reforming reactor. The reforming reactor includes an outer cylinder, a first inner cylinder arranged inside the outer cylinder, and a second inner cylinder arranged inside the first inner cylinder, wherein the second inner cylinder is connected to the rotary arc torch and is used to guide the biomass powder processed by the rotary arc torch into the first inner cylinder; The outer cylinder, the first inner cylinder and the second inner cylinder are all hollow cylinders, the outer cylinder, the first inner cylinder and the second inner cylinder are coaxially arranged, the inner diameter of the outer cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the first inner cylinder, and the inner diameter of the first inner cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the second inner cylinder; the first end of the second inner cylinder is connected to the rotating arc torch, the second end of the second inner cylinder is located in the first inner cylinder, the first end and the second end of the second inner cylinder are opposite ends in the axial direction of the second inner cylinder, and the first end and the second end of the second inner cylinder are both provided with circular openings; the second inner cylinder is coaxially arranged with the nozzle and the cathode, and the center hole of the second inner cylinder is connected to the center hole of the cathode; The first end of the first inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder and the first end of the first inner cylinder is a closed end. The second end of the first inner cylinder is provided with a circular opening. The inner cavity of the first inner cylinder is in communication with the inner cavity of the second inner cylinder and the inner cavity of the outer cylinder. The first end and the second end of the first inner cylinder are opposite ends of the first inner cylinder in the axial direction. The cellulosic biomass synthesis gas device further includes an upper flange connected to the outer cylinder, a lower flange connected to the rotary arc torch, and a sealing ring arranged between the upper flange and the lower flange, wherein the upper flange has an avoidance hole for allowing the second inner cylinder to pass through; The upper flange is located above the lower flange, the upper flange is fixedly connected to one end of the outer cylinder, and the lower flange is fixedly connected to the nozzle. The avoidance hole is a through hole provided through the center of the upper flange, and the upper flange closes the end opening of the outer cylinder; the sealing ring is clamped between the upper flange and the lower flange for sealing between the upper and lower flanges, the first end of the second inner cylinder is fixedly connected to the nozzle, and the second inner cylinder passes through the lower flange, the sealing ring and the upper flange in sequence, and the sealing ring surrounds the second inner cylinder; The rotary arc torch further comprises a gas injection portion for providing gas into a cavity formed between the anode and the cathode, and an insulating member disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the insulating member and the nozzle are arranged opposite to each other; The gas injection portion is used to supply gas during arc discharge, and air enters tangentially through the gas injection portion. The total amount of air introduced into the cavity between the anode and the cathode through the gas injection portion is 0.1-0.9 times the amount of air required for complete combustion of the cellulosic biomass; After the high-voltage arc power supply is powered on, it outputs high voltage electricity, and under the action of the tangential airflow, a non-equilibrium air rotating arc plasma is formed. The biomass powder entering the rotating arc torch through the cathode passes through the plasma driven by the airflow. The biomass powder undergoes pyrolysis and oxidation in the high-temperature, high-energy, and high-chemically active environment of the plasma. Subsequently, the biomass powder particles treated with the plasma are sprayed into the second inner cylinder through the nozzle. The pyrolyzed and oxidized biomass powder volatilizes combustible gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and releases carbon monoxide at the same time. The incomplete combustion of the biomass powder releases a certain amount of heat, which enters the first inner cylinder and the outer cylinder along with the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and undergoes autothermal reforming and steam reforming reactions. The ash after the combustion of the biomass powder settles at the bottom of the reforming reactor, and the synthesis gas obtained by reforming is discharged and collected from the exhaust port, which is set at the upper end of the outer cylinder.

2. The method for producing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle has a receiving cavity for inserting the end of the cathode, and the receiving cavity is a conical cavity. The nozzle is coaxial with the cathode and the anode, and is used to generate the rotating arc through the high-voltage arc input from the cathode.

3. The method for producing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the cathode are provided with openings, one end of the cathode is connected to the air inlet adapter, and the cellulose biomass powder feeder is connected to the air inlet adapter through an air pipe. The air flow will send the biomass powder particles output from the cellulose biomass powder feeder into the cathode, and then into the rotating arc torch and the reforming reactor.

4. The method for producing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the anode is larger than the outer diameter of the cathode, the length of the anode is smaller than the length of the cathode, and the difference between the inner diameter of the anode and the outer diameter of the cathode is larger than 10 mm.

5. The method for producing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The insulating member insulates the cathode and the anode. The height of the insulating member should be less than the height of the anode. The insulating member is used to support and insulate the cathode. The insulating member is made of insulating material. The insulating member is a circular ring structure and the insulating member and the cathode are coaxially arranged. The cathode passes through the center hole of the insulating member. The insulating member is located between the two ends of the cathode. One end of the anode is fixedly connected to the insulating member, and the other end of the anode is connected to the nozzle.

6. The method for producing synthesis gas from cellulosic biomass according to claim 5, characterized in that: The insulating member is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

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