An explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosion-proof hydrogenation vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame, and also comprising a gas storage bottle for containing hydrogen; a hydrogen compressor, wherein the hydrogen compressor is connected to the gas storage bottle through a first pipeline; a hydrogenation machine, wherein the hydrogenation machine is connected to the hydrogen compressor through a second pipeline; a nitrogen generator, wherein an interface connected to the nitrogen generator is arranged on the first pipeline; a bottom plate, wherein the bottom plate is arranged on the vehicle frame; the gas storage bottle, the hydrogen compressor, the hydrogenation machine, and the nitrogen generator are all arranged on the bottom plate; and an automatic shut-off valve, wherein the automatic shut-off valve is located between the interface and the gas storage bottle. In the invention, the air inlet of the hydrogen compressor is not in a state of constant high pressure, and after hydrogenation is completed, the residual hydrogen in the first pipeline, the hydrogen compressor, the second pipeline, and the hydrogenation machine behind the automatic shut-off valve is cleaned in time, and the leakage points of hydrogen are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogenation, in particular to the design of an explosion-proof hydrogenation vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells are the future development direction of automotive power batteries. Compared with traditional internal combustion engine power and power battery packs, they have long driving range, short hydrogen filling time, and the reaction discharge is water, which truly achieves zero pollution emissions. However, due to the high cost of hydrogen fuel cells and the small number of supporting hydrogen refueling stations, mobile hydrogen refueling vehicles have emerged under this background, which can meet the use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles before hydrogen refueling stations are promoted on a large scale. Since the hydrogen filling pressure of hydrogen fuel cells is 35MPa~70MPa, and the hydrogen refueling vehicle transports high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinders with a pressure of 35MPa, it is necessary to use a hydrogen compressor to compress the hydrogen in the gas cylinder, and then use the hydrogen refueling gun of the hydrogen refueling machine to replenish the high-pressure hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell. However, since the high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder, hydrogen compressor, and hydrogen refueling machine are connected by normally open pipes, they belong to type A through holes, and at the cut-off valve, they belong to type B through holes. At the same time, during normal operation, the flanges and connecting pipe fittings where combustible substances are not expected to be released belong to the second-level release source, and the density of hydrogen is less than that of air, and once released, it will diffuse upward. According to the national classification of hazardous places with explosive gas environments, the area above the entire frame belongs to Zone 1 or Zone 2 hazardous environments. Electrical components above the frame need to be explosion-proof. Otherwise, once the high-pressure hydrogen leaks, it may be ignited by high temperature or electrical sparks, causing the entire vehicle to explode. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an explosion-proof hydrogenation vehicle to address the deficiencies of the prior art. The air inlet of the hydrogen compressor is not in a state of constant high pressure. After the hydrogenation is completed, the remaining hydrogen in the pipeline 1, the hydrogen compressor, the pipeline 2, and the hydrogenation machine behind the automatic shut-off valve is cleaned in time, and there are fewer hydrogen leakage points.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] An explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame and

[0006] Explosion-proof engine, used to drive hydrogen refueling vehicle;

[0007] Gas cylinder, used to store hydrogen;

[0008] A hydrogen compressor, wherein the hydrogen compressor is connected to a gas storage cylinder via a pipeline;

[0009] A hydrogenator, the hydrogenator being connected to a hydrogen compressor via a second pipeline;

[0010] A nitrogen generator, wherein the pipeline is provided with an interface connected to the nitrogen generator;

[0011] A bottom plate, the bottom plate is arranged on the vehicle frame; the gas storage cylinder, hydrogen compressor, hydrogenator and nitrogen generator are all arranged on the bottom plate;

[0012] An automatic shut-off valve, the automatic shut-off valve being located between the interface and the gas cylinder;

[0013] The central processing unit controls the opening and closing of the automatic shut-off valve, and the output end of the central processing unit is electrically connected to the instrument.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen compressor is arranged in a cabinet, an air vent is arranged on an upper plate of the cabinet, a hydrogen sensor and a flame sensor are arranged at the air vent, and the hydrogen sensor and the flame sensor are electrically connected to a central processing unit.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressure transmitter probe is provided on the cylinder head of the compression cylinder of the hydrogen compressor, and the pressure transmitter probe is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit.

[0016] Furthermore, a thermal protector is provided in the hydrogen compressor, and the thermal protector is electrically connected to a central processing unit.

[0017] Furthermore, a drain pipe is provided on the hydrogenator, a flame arrester is provided inside the drain pipe, and a breathable cap is provided on the top of the drain pipe.

[0018] Furthermore, a rate sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the gas outlet pipe of the hydrogenator, and the rate sensor and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit.

[0019] Furthermore, an electrostatic conductive connecting chain is arranged at the rear of the frame, and an electrostatic conductive mopping tape is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle.

[0020] Furthermore, air source compressors for automobile braking and other purposes are arranged under the bottom plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the electrical circuits connected to the central processing unit are routed through wire clips located below the bottom plate.

[0022] Furthermore, a flame arrester is installed at the air inlet of the explosion-proof engine, an exhaust pipe is provided on the explosion-proof engine, the exhaust pipe outlet is located below the frame, in front of the gas tank and toward the left side of the driving direction, a flame arrester is arranged in the exhaust pipe, and a spark arrester is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the automatic shut-off valve is usually in a closed state, and hydrogenation can only be achieved when the central controller controls the automatic shut-off valve to be opened, thereby ensuring that the air inlet pipe of the explosion-proof hydrogen compressor is not in a high-pressure state all the time, and controlling the high-pressure hydrogen in a non-gassing state on one side of the gas storage cylinder, thereby reducing the leakage points of hydrogen; after the hydrogenation machine completes hydrogenation, the automatic shut-off valve is closed, and the nitrogen generator cleans and empties the pipeline 1, the pipeline 2, the hydrogen compressor and the hydrogenation machine behind the automatic shut-off valve through the interface, thereby avoiding leakage of hydrogen, reducing the danger level of the entire vehicle, and optimizing the explosion-proof performance of the hydrogenation vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Among them, 1-emergency stop button, 2-explosion-proof engine, 3-gas cylinder, 4-steel tie, 5-pressure gauge, 6-hydrogen sensor, 7-flame sensor, 8-hydrogen compressor, 9-exhaust pipe, 10-hydrogen filling machine, 11-pull-off valve, 12-fire extinguisher, 13-automatic shut-off valve, 14-static conductive connection chain, 15-safety valve, 16-nitrogen generator, 17-static conductive mopping tape, 18-fuel tank, 19-exhaust pipe, 20-electrical circuit, 21-central processing unit, 22-base plate, 23-cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, an explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle includes a vehicle frame and further includes:

[0028] The explosion-proof engine 2 is used to drive the hydrogen refueling vehicle and is located at the lower rear part of the cab;

[0029] Gas cylinder 3, used for storing hydrogen, gas cylinder 3 is 9 35MPa high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinders, pressure gauge 5 and pressure sensor 1 are arranged near the gas cylinder outlet;

[0030] Hydrogen compressor 8, hydrogen compressor 8 is connected to the gas cylinder through pipeline 1, pipeline 1 is made of anti-hydrogen permeation and anti-hydrogen embrittlement material, hydrogen compressor 8 is a diaphragm compressor, the diaphragm is made of steel material with good toughness, and non-metallic materials such as rubber cannot be used to avoid static electricity accumulation after the diaphragm moves, which becomes a dangerous ignition source. The diaphragm fixing part, push rod connection part and compression cylinder head structure meet the ExdIIC T3 Gb explosion-proof type requirements;

[0031] The hydrogenator 10 is connected to the hydrogen compressor 8 through a second pipeline. The second pipeline is made of a material that is resistant to hydrogen permeation and hydrogen embrittlement. The hydrogenator 10 is made of ExdibmbIICT4 Gb and other explosion-proof types that can meet the conditions for safe use;

[0032] A nitrogen generator 16, a replacement interface connected to the nitrogen generator 16 is provided on the pipeline 1;

[0033] The bottom plate 22 is fixed horizontally on the vehicle frame; the gas cylinder 3, the hydrogen compressor 8, the hydrogenator 10, and the nitrogen generator 16 are all arranged on the bottom plate 22, wherein the gas cylinder 3 is arranged horizontally and installed on the bottom plate 22, and the hydrogen gas cylinder is fixed with a steel tie 4 with strong toughness and heat stress removal;

[0034] Automatic shut-off valve 13, which is installed between the interface and the gas cylinder 3;

[0035] The central processing unit 21 is a single-chip microcomputer, which is arranged in the cab. The control end of the automatic shut-off valve 13 is electrically connected to the output end of the central processing unit 21, and the pressure sensor 1 is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit 21. The central processing unit 21 can control the opening and closing of the automatic shut-off valve 13. The instrument is electrically connected to the output end of the central processing unit 21, and the real-time changes of the pressure in the gas cylinder 3 can be displayed on the instrument.

[0036] The automatic shut-off valve 13 is usually in a closed state, and the central processor 21 controls the automatic shut-off valve 13 to open. The air inlet of the hydrogen compressor 8 is not in a high-pressure state. The high-pressure hydrogen in the non-filling state is controlled on the side of the hydrogen storage cylinder 3 to reduce the leakage points of hydrogen. After the hydrogenation is completed, the automatic shut-off valve 13 is closed, and the nitrogen generator 16 is started. The residual hydrogen in the pipeline at the rear end of the automatic shut-off valve 13 is emptied in an open area to reduce the danger level of the vehicle during driving. A safety valve 15 is also arranged on the pipeline. The safety valve 15 is installed between the interface and the hydrogen compressor 8. It can be automatically closed when the hydrogenation speed is too fast, effectively preventing the occurrence of leakage during hydrogenation.

[0037] The hydrogen compressor 8 may leak during hydrogenation. In order to detect the leakage in time, the hydrogen compressor 8 is arranged in a cabinet 23, and the cabinet 23 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 22. A vent is provided on the upper plate of the cabinet 23 to facilitate the upward discharge of the leaked hydrogen. A hydrogen sensor 6 and a flame sensor 7 are installed at the vent. The hydrogen sensor 6 and the flame sensor 7 are electrically connected to the input end of the central processor 21. When the measured hydrogen volume content reaches 0.5%, the central processor 21 sends an alarm signal. When it reaches 1%, the whole vehicle circuit and gas circuit are disconnected and the fault information is displayed in the instrument; when the flame sensor 7 detects a fire source, the central processor 21 sends an alarm signal, disconnects the whole vehicle circuit and gas circuit, and displays the fault information in the instrument.

[0038] A pressure transmitter probe is installed on the cylinder head of the compression cylinder of the hydrogen compressor 8. The pressure transmitter probe is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit 21. Once the pressure drops rapidly during the operation of the compressor, it means that the compressor diaphragm is ruptured or there is a leak. A signal is sent through the transmitter to feed back to the central processing unit 21. The central processing unit 21 sends an alarm signal, disconnects the vehicle circuit and gas circuit, and displays the fault information on the instrument.

[0039] Since the 35MPa high-pressure hydrogen needs to be compressed to 35MPa~70MPa, the gas will inevitably generate heat during the compression process. In order to take away the heat in time and avoid the high temperature generated by the compression from becoming a dangerous source, the side wall of the gas compression cylinder adopts a hollow water jacket structure, and the inner wall of the water jacket is sprayed with plastic material or anti-rust coating. The spraying method adopts the method of gasifying the plastic material or anti-rust coating at high temperature, and then circulating and settling in the water jacket structure after pressurization to obtain a relatively uniform anti-rust coating. The water in the water jacket passes through the coil in the heat exchanger and the evaporator coil of the refrigeration compressor, so that the heat of the water in the water jacket is taken away by the evaporator coil of the refrigeration compressor. The refrigeration compressor adopts the ExmbIICT4 Gb cast-in-place structure, and the cast-in-place junction box is a non-resettable thermal protector with a thermal protection temperature of (108±2)℃. Within 3s, a signal is sent to the central processor 21 to disconnect the vehicle circuit and gas circuit, and the fault information is displayed on the instrument, and a signal is sent through the warning light powered by the uninterruptible power supply UPS in the cab.

[0040] An exhaust pipe 9 is provided on the hydrogenator 10, the exhaust direction is upward, the pipe mouth is provided with a breathable cap to prevent rainwater intrusion and debris clogging, a flame arrester is provided at the top of the pipe mouth, and the flame arrester is installed in the breathable cap. When nitrogen is purged, nitrogen and residual hydrogen are discharged from the exhaust pipe 9.

[0041] A rate sensor and a second pressure sensor are installed in the outlet pipe of the hydrogenator 10. The rate sensor and the second pressure sensor are electrically connected to the input end of the central processor 21. The staff can directly grasp the hydrogenation status of the hydrogenator in real time through the instrument. A breakaway valve 11 is installed at the end of the outlet pipe of the hydrogenator 10. The breakaway valve 11 has a separation force of 220N to 660N. A fire extinguisher 12 is fixedly placed next to the explosion-proof hydrogenator 10.

[0042] A static conductive connection chain 14 is set at the rear of the frame to form a static conductive path between the hydrogenation vehicle frame, bottom plate, ground and the filling object when filling hydrogen, so as to avoid the accumulation of static charge to form a dangerous ignition source; all metal parts larger than 100cm2 on the vehicle need to be connected to the frame or maintain good metal contact with the frame to ensure potential balance. The vehicle tires use static conductive tires to avoid the accumulation of static charge; static conductive mopping tape 17 is set at the bottom of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with an insulation monitoring device and connected to the frame to monitor the leakage situation, or regularly check the insulation resistance between the live parts and the workshop shall not be less than 0.5MΩ.

[0043] The vehicle controls, displays and alarms the circuit and gas circuit of the whole vehicle through the central processor 21. The electrical circuit 20 connected to the central processor 21 is wired through the wire clamp arranged under the bottom plate. The electrical circuit 20 passes through the wire hole opened on the bottom plate 22, and ensures that the sealing device at the wire hole can only allow a single cable to pass through, thereby isolating the upper and lower spaces from the possibility of gas exchange through the wire hole, effectively physically isolating the gas cylinders and electrical components above the frame from the electrical circuits and junction boxes below the bottom plate, and avoiding the formation of a dangerous area below the frame.

[0044] The air source compressor for automobile braking and other purposes is arranged below the bottom plate 22, wherein the fuel tank 18 is placed below the bottom plate 22 and in front of the gas cylinder 3, and is placed in a position where leakage of hydrogen will not accumulate. The fuel tank 18 is connected to the air intake pipe of the explosion-proof engine 2, and a flame arrester is installed on the air intake pipe connected to the explosion-proof engine 2, and a gas-tight filling port cap is provided at the filling port of the fuel tank 18. The explosion-proof mark of the explosion-proof engine 2 is Ex IIC T3 2G, and an exhaust pipe 19 is provided on the explosion-proof engine 2. The outlet of the exhaust pipe 19 is located below the frame, in front of the gas cylinder 3 and facing the left side of the driving direction. A flame arrester is provided in the side of the exhaust pipe 19 close to the explosion-proof engine 2, and a spark arrester is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe 19. The electrical system voltage of the explosion-proof engine 2 should not be greater than 24V, and the electrical equipment is installed using bipolar wiring. However, during the operation stage of the starting auxiliary circuit, the electrical circuit of the preheating plug or other electrical starting auxiliary devices that use the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine as the grounding circuit can be used as an exception. If the starting aid is not used, the positive and negative wiring should be insulated from the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine. The transmission belt of the explosion-proof engine 2 adopts AV10 or AV13, and its corresponding maximum resistance cannot exceed 3.6MΩ and 2.8MΩ. The net distance between the electrical circuit 20 and the possible hot surface of the explosion-proof engine 2 is at least 100mm. The net distance between the exhaust pipe 19 and the fuel tank 18 is at least 100mm or the fuel tank is insulated with heat-insulating materials, but it cannot affect the normal heat dissipation of the explosion-proof engine 2.

[0045] The battery is placed under the explosion-proof engine hood, and the wiring harness connector meets the IP54 protection level requirements. All wiring harness connectors are set below the bottom plate 22. If the wiring harness connector needs to be set above the bottom plate 22, it is necessary to use an explosion-proof junction box with an explosion-proof mark of Exd IIC T4 Gb for branching, and the junction box must be firmly fixed to avoid shaking during the operation of the vehicle, resulting in poor contact and electrical sparks. The circuit that directly connects to the battery without passing through the main power switch needs to be protected from overheating by an overheating fuse. The wires should have a protective jacket to prevent corrosion and wear, but the sensor cable of the anti-lock braking system does not require additional protection. An emergency stop button 1 is set on the vehicle dashboard to shut down the vehicle circuit and gas circuit to prevent the occurrence of emergencies.

[0046] The material used in the friction part of the brake is non-metallic and should not contain metal components. Use a thermal element, placed no more than 5mm (new friction plate) below the non-metallic compound friction surface of the brake, to measure the temperature of the friction plate. Once it exceeds 190°C, the central control unit and display instrument 12 can control the brake system.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Other modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in the field should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame, characterized in that: include An explosion-proof engine (2) is used to drive the hydrogen refueling vehicle; A gas storage cylinder (3), used to store hydrogen; A hydrogen compressor (8), the hydrogen compressor (8) being connected to the gas storage cylinder (3) via a pipeline 1; A hydrogenator (10), wherein the hydrogenator (10) is connected to a hydrogen compressor (8) via a second pipeline; A nitrogen generator (16), wherein the pipeline is provided with an interface for connecting to the nitrogen generator (16); A bottom plate (22), the bottom plate (22) being arranged on the vehicle frame; the gas storage cylinder (3), the hydrogen compressor (8), the hydrogenation machine (10), and the nitrogen generator (16) are all arranged on the bottom plate (22); An automatic shut-off valve (13), the automatic shut-off valve (13) being located between the interface and the gas storage cylinder (3); A central processing unit (21) controls the opening and closing of the automatic shut-off valve (13), and an output end of the central processing unit (21) is electrically connected to a meter; The electrical circuits (20) connected to the central processing unit (21) are all routed through a wire clamp located below the bottom plate (22); a sealing device that allows only a single cable to pass through is provided at a wire hole on the bottom plate (22) for passing the electrical circuits (20); A fuel tank (18) matched with the explosion-proof engine (2) is placed below the bottom plate (22) and in front of the gas cylinder (3); an exhaust pipe (19) is provided on the explosion-proof engine (2), and an outlet of the exhaust pipe (19) is located below the vehicle frame, in front of the gas cylinder (3) and facing the left side in the driving direction; The hydrogen compressor (8) is arranged in a cabinet (23), and a vent is arranged on an upper plate of the cabinet (23); the hydrogenator (10) is provided with an exhaust pipe (9) with an exhaust direction facing upward; The hydrogen compressor (8) is equipped with a refrigeration compressor; the side wall of the gas compression cylinder of the hydrogen compressor (8) adopts a hollow water jacket structure, the coil in the heat exchanger and the evaporator coil of the refrigeration compressor are cross-entwined, and the water in the water jacket passes through the coil in the heat exchanger so that the heat of the water in the water jacket is taken away by the evaporator coil of the refrigeration compressor; The rear part of the vehicle frame is provided with a static conductive connection chain (14) for forming a static conductive path between the hydrogen refueling vehicle frame, the bottom plate, the ground and the refueling object when hydrogen is refueled, so as to avoid the accumulation of static charges to form a dangerous ignition source; a static conductive mopping tape (17) is provided at the bottom of the vehicle; and the vehicle is equipped with an insulation monitoring device connected to the vehicle frame for monitoring leakage.

2. An explosion-proof hydrogenation vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen sensor (6) and a flame sensor (7) are provided at the vent of the cabinet (23), and the hydrogen sensor (6) and the flame sensor (7) are electrically connected to a central processing unit (21).

3. An explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure transmitter probe is provided on the cylinder head of the compression cylinder of the hydrogen compressor (8), and the pressure transmitter probe is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit (21).

4. An explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermal protector is provided in the hydrogen compressor (8), and the thermal protector is electrically connected to the central processing unit (21).

5. The explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flame arrester is arranged inside the exhaust pipe (9), and a breathable cap is arranged on the top of the exhaust pipe (9).

6. The explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rate sensor and a second pressure sensor are arranged in the gas outlet pipe of the hydrogenator (10), and the rate sensor and the second pressure sensor are electrically connected to the input end of the central processing unit (21).

7. The explosion-proof hydrogen refueling vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet of the explosion-proof engine (2) is equipped with a flame arrester, the exhaust pipe (19) is provided with a flame arrester, and the end of the exhaust pipe (19) is equipped with a spark arrester.

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