Fully enclosed integrated low tar gasifier

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gasifiers, and in particular to a fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier, which includes a furnace body provided with a drying zone, a cracking zone, an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a charcoal slag zone, the oxidation zone is provided with an oxidizing medium inlet, the reduction zone is provided with a reducing medium inlet, the furnace body is provided with an oil-gas separation system for separating tar from gas and returning it to the inside of the furnace body, the oil-gas separation system includes a cooling system in which a flue gas pipe is provided on the furnace body and gas and liquid cooling is adopted, a separation system connected with the cooling system for separating tar and returning it to the inside of the furnace body, and an external connection system for providing a coolant for the cooling system. The present invention integrates a cooling and tar separation system inside the furnace body, so that the tar is separated from the gas in the furnace body and returns it to the furnace of the furnace body, thereby repeatedly decomposing the tar, obtaining clean and environmentally friendly fuel gas, and improving fuel utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gasifiers, and in particular to a fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier. Background Art

[0002] As a clean energy furnace using biomass fuel, biomass gasifier has unique advantages in power generation, heating, household use, etc., and has been rapidly developed and promoted in recent years. However, the biomass temperature output by existing gasifiers is too high, exceeding 400℃, and contains a large amount of tar and impurities, making it difficult to use. It is often necessary to set up supporting purification facilities for the gasifier, which increases the investment in equipment and occupies space. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier to address the deficiencies of the prior art. A cooling system is used inside the gasifier to separate the tar from the generated biomass gas and reflux it to the furnace for repeated decomposition, thereby outputting low-tar, environmentally friendly and clean gas while improving fuel utilization.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasification furnace, including a furnace body provided with a drying zone, a cracking zone, an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a charcoal slag zone, the oxidation zone is provided with an oxidizing medium inlet, the reduction zone is provided with a reducing medium inlet, the furnace body is provided with an oil-gas separation system for separating tar from gas and returning the tar to the inside of the furnace body, the oil-gas separation system includes a cooling system in which a flue gas pipe is provided in the furnace body and gas and liquid cooling is adopted, a separation system connected with the cooling system to separate tar and return the tar to the inside of the furnace body, and an external connection system for providing a coolant for the cooling system.

[0005] Preferably, the oxidizing medium inputted into the oxidizing medium inlet and the gaseous coolant of the cooling system are air, the reducing medium inputted into the reducing medium inlet is water vapor, and the liquid coolant of the cooling system is water.

[0006] Preferably, the cooling system includes an air-cooled interlayer and a water-cooled interlayer arranged on the furnace body, the separation system includes a settling chamber, and a coke return pipe connecting the settling chamber and the drying zone, the external connection system includes an air blowing device connected to the air-cooled interlayer, and a water pump connected to the water-cooled interlayer, the flue gas pipe connects the reduction zone and the settling chamber and passes through the air-cooled interlayer and the water-cooled interlayer, and the settling chamber is provided with a gas outlet.

[0007] Preferably, the outlet of the water-cooling insulation is communicated with the inlet of the water pump.

[0008] Preferably, the oxidizing medium inlet is a plurality of pores connecting the air-cooling barrier and the oxidation zone.

[0009] Preferably, the reducing medium inlet comprises a coil, the coil is provided with a plurality of branch pipes leading to the reducing zone, and the coil is provided with a steam inlet.

[0010] Preferably, the furnace body is provided with a charcoal slag cooling layer in the charcoal slag area, the inlet of the charcoal slag cooling layer is connected to the water pump, the outlet of the charcoal slag cooling layer is connected to the steam inlet, and the inlet of the charcoal slag cooling layer is lower than the outlet of the charcoal slag cooling layer.

[0011] Preferably, the furnace wall of the furnace body surrounding the oxidation zone and the reduction zone is provided with a refractory lining.

[0012] Preferably, the furnace body is provided with a feeding device, which includes a feeding funnel and a feeding auger, and the outlet of the feeding auger is provided with a tapered tube with a gradually decreasing cross-section, and the tapered tube is connected to the drying zone.

[0013] Preferably, a slag discharge device is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and the slag discharge device is a slag discharge auger provided at the bottom of the furnace body. The slag discharge auger is placed obliquely, and the outlet height of the slag discharge auger is higher than the inlet height.

[0014] Preferably, an explosion-proof device is provided on the top of the furnace body, and the explosion-proof device includes a sliding sleeve arranged on the top of the furnace body, the sliding sleeve is slidably connected with a suspension rod, a pressure cover is fixed to the bottom end of the suspension rod, the pressure cover is arranged above the conical tube, the four sides of the pressure cover are in contact with the furnace body, the pressure cover is provided with air leakage holes, a top cap covering the sliding sleeve is provided on the top of the suspension rod, a water trough is provided on the outside of the sliding sleeve, and the lower edge of the top cap is located below the water surface of the water trough.

[0015] Preferably, the blowing device is a Roots blower.

[0016] Preferably, the blowing device comprises a blower and a water tank, the outlet of the blower is connected to below the liquid level of the water tank, and the water tank is connected to the air-cooled insulation layer through a pipeline above the liquid level.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasification furnace, which includes a furnace body provided with a drying zone, a cracking zone, an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a charcoal slag zone, the oxidation zone is provided with an oxidizing medium inlet, the reduction zone is provided with a reducing medium inlet, the furnace body is provided with an oil-gas separation system that separates tar from gas and refluxes it into the furnace body, the oil-gas separation system includes a cooling system that is provided with a flue gas pipe in the furnace body and uses gas and liquid cooling, a separation system that is connected to the cooling system to separate tar and reflux it into the furnace body, and an external connection system that provides a coolant for the cooling system. The present invention integrates a cooling and tar separation system inside the furnace body, so that the tar is separated from the gas in the furnace body and refluxes it into the furnace of the furnace body, thereby repeatedly decomposing the tar, obtaining clean and environmentally friendly fuel gas, and improving fuel utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier of the present invention.

[0019] Description of reference numerals:

[0020] 1 - furnace body, 11 - drying zone, 12 - cracking zone, 13 - oxidation zone, 14 - reduction zone, 15 - carbon slag zone, 2 - oxidizing medium inlet, 3 - reducing medium inlet, 31 - coil, 32 - branch pipe, 33 - steam inlet, 4 - oil and gas separation system, 41 - flue gas pipe, 42 - cooling system, 421 - air cooling interlayer, 422 - water cooling interlayer, 43 - separation system, 431 - settling chamber, 432 - coke return pipe, 433 - combustion chamber Gas outlet, 44——external connection system, 441——air blowing device, 4411——blower, 4412——water tank, 442——water pump, 5——carbon slag cooling layer, 6——refractory furnace lining, 7——feeding device, 71——feeding funnel, 72——feeding auger, 73——conical pipe, 8——slag discharge device, 81——slag discharge auger, 9——explosion-proof device, 91——sliding sleeve, 92——suspending rod, 93——pressure cover, 931——air vent, 94——top cap, 95——water tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the implementation scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0022] like Figure 1As shown, the fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasification furnace of this embodiment includes a furnace body 1 provided with a drying zone 11, a cracking zone 12, an oxidation zone 13, a reduction zone 14 and a charcoal slag zone 15, the oxidation zone 13 is provided with an oxidizing medium inlet 2, the reduction zone 14 is provided with a reducing medium inlet 3, the furnace body 1 is provided with an oil-gas separation system 4 for separating tar from gas and returning the tar to the interior of the furnace body 1, the oil-gas separation system 4 includes a cooling system 42 in which a flue gas pipe 41 is provided in the furnace body 1 and which adopts gas and liquid cooling, a separation system 43 connected with the cooling system 42 for separating tar and returning the tar to the interior of the furnace body 1, and an external connection system 44 for providing a coolant to the cooling system 42.

[0023] This embodiment uses gas and liquid to double cool the biomass gas produced by the gasifier, so that tar is separated from the gas, and then the separated tar is returned to the gasifier for re-decomposition. In addition, this embodiment integrates the process system into the gasifier to achieve integration, thereby achieving repeated separation of tar and repeated decomposition inside the gasifier. On the one hand, low-tar, clean and environmentally friendly fuel gas can be directly output from the gasifier, and on the other hand, fuel utilization can be improved. At the same time, this embodiment does not have an external oil and gas purification system, the overall structure is streamlined, the manufacturing cost is low, and it is easy to transport and use.

[0024] The oxidizing medium inputted by the oxidizing medium inlet 2 and the gaseous coolant of the cooling system 42 are air, the reducing medium inputted by the reducing medium inlet 3 is water vapor, and the liquid coolant of the cooling system 42 is water. The oxidizing medium of the present invention can be air or other gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., the reducing medium of the present invention can be water vapor or other reducing gases such as hydrogen, the gaseous coolant of the present invention can be air or gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., and the liquid coolant of the present invention can be water or liquids such as mineral oil. This embodiment combines various oxidizing media, reducing media, gaseous coolants and liquid coolants, uses air as the oxidizing medium and gaseous coolant, uses water as the liquid coolant, and the water vapor generated by heating the water is used as the reducing medium, which is economical and environmentally friendly.

[0025] The cooling system 42 includes an air-cooled interlayer 421 and a water-cooled interlayer 422 arranged on the furnace body 1, the separation system 43 includes a settling chamber 431, and a coke return pipe 432 connecting the settling chamber 431 and the drying zone 11, the external connection system 44 includes a blast device 441 connected to the air-cooled interlayer 421, and a water pump 442 connected to the water-cooled interlayer 422, the flue gas pipe 41 connects the reduction zone 14 and the settling chamber 431 and passes through the air-cooled interlayer 421 and the water-cooled interlayer 422, the settling chamber 431 is provided with a gas outlet 433; the outlet of the water-cooled interlayer 422 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 442.

[0026] The air-cooling interlayer 421 and the water-cooling interlayer 422 of the present invention may have multiple levels, that is, multiple levels of air-cooling interlayers 421 and multiple levels of water-cooling interlayers 422 are used to cool the gas inside the flue gas pipe 41 in sequence or alternately; this embodiment uses one level of air-cooling interlayer 421 and one level of water-cooling interlayer 422, and the flue gas pipe 41 first passes through the air-cooling interlayer 421 and then passes through the water-cooling interlayer 422. The inlet of the flue gas pipe 41 is connected to the reduction zone 14, and the outlet of the flue gas pipe 41 is connected to the settling chamber 431. After the gas is air-cooled and water-cooled in the flue gas pipe 41, tar is separated in the settling chamber 431. Because the outlet of the flue gas pipe 41 is higher than the inlet of the coke return pipe 432, the tar flows from the coke return pipe 432 into the drying zone 11, and the gas separated from the tar is output from the gas outlet 433. The high temperature of the drying area 11 will also heat the coke return pipe 432 to prevent the tar from drying and settling in the settling chamber 431 . In addition, in order to facilitate the tar to flow into the coke return pipe 432 , the bottom of the settling chamber 431 is inclined toward the coke return pipe 432 .

[0027] The above-mentioned flue gas pipe 41 passes through the air-cooled interlayer 421 and the water-cooled interlayer 422, and then communicates with the settling chamber 431. This structure can also be set in multiple stages in the furnace body 1, that is, after the gas separated by the settling chamber 431 is cooled by multiple interlayers and the tar is separated by multiple settling chambers 431, the gas outlet 433 is set in the last settling chamber 431 to output the gas, so as to separate the tar to a greater extent and obtain clean gas. To this end, a detection port can be set in the settling chamber 431 to detect the tar content of the gas in each settling chamber 431.

[0028] The oxidizing medium inlet 2 is a plurality of pores connecting the air-cooling interlayer 421 and the oxidation zone 13; the reducing medium inlet 3 includes a coil 31, the coil 31 is provided with a plurality of branch pipes 32 leading to the reduction zone 14, and the coil 31 is provided with a steam inlet 33; the furnace wall of the furnace body 1 surrounding the oxidation zone 13 and the reduction zone 14 is provided with a refractory lining 6. The refractory lining 6 can be made of refractory bricks or refractory cement; the oxidizing medium inlet 2 passes through the refractory lining 6, and the air of the air-cooling interlayer 421 is heated by the flue gas pipe 41 and then sprayed into the oxidation zone 13; the coil 31 can be arranged in the refractory lining 6, and the external steam boiler supplies steam to the coil 31, and the branch pipe 32 can be provided with an atomizing device at the outlet to improve the reduction effect; the oxidizing medium inlet 2 and the branch pipe 32 are arranged in multiple layers around the furnace body 1.

[0029] The furnace body 1 is provided with a slag cooling layer 5 in the slag area 15, the inlet of the slag cooling layer 5 is connected to the water pump 442, the outlet of the slag cooling layer 5 is connected to the steam inlet 33, and the inlet of the slag cooling layer 5 is lower than the outlet of the slag cooling layer 5. The outlet of the slag cooling layer 5 can be set at the top thereof, and the water in the slag cooling layer 5 cannot exceed the outlet thereof. In actual operation, a water level gauge can be provided in the slag cooling layer 5, and water is added to the inside when the water level inside is lower than a certain value while ensuring that the temperature of the slag is low enough.

[0030] The furnace body 1 is provided with a feeding device 7, which includes a feeding funnel 71 and a feeding auger 72. The outlet of the feeding auger 72 is provided with a tapered tube 73 with a gradually reduced cross section, and the tapered tube 73 is connected to the drying area 11. The top of the furnace body 1 is provided with an explosion-proof device 9, which includes a sliding sleeve 91 provided on the top of the furnace body 1, and the sliding sleeve 91 is slidably connected with a suspension rod 92. A pressure cap 93 is fixed at the bottom end of the suspension rod 92. The pressure cap 93 is provided above the tapered tube 73, and the surrounding of the pressure cap 93 is in contact with the furnace body 1. The pressure cap 93 is provided with an air leakage hole 931. The top of the suspension rod 92 is provided with a top cap 94 covering the sliding sleeve 91. A water tank 95 is provided on the outside of the sliding sleeve 91, and the lower edge of the top cap 94 is located below the water surface of the water tank 95.

[0031] The feed auger 72 pushes the material forward to the conical tube 73. As the cross section of the passage becomes smaller, the material is squeezed, thereby achieving a sealing effect and preventing gas from escaping from the feed device 7. When the material enters the drying area 11, after the material is piled up and hits the pressure cover 93, under the dual action of the feed auger 72 and the pressure cover 93, the material automatically moves to the position with a gap. The lower edge of the top cap 94 is located below the water surface of the water tank 95, thereby sealing the furnace body 1 from the top. When the gas pressure inside the furnace body 1 is too high, the gas pushes against the top cap 94, overcomes the gravity of the pressure cover 93 and the suspension rod 92, and pushes the lower end of the top cap 94 off the water surface. Excess gas leaks out from below the top cap 94 through the air vent 931 and the gap between the sleeve 91 and the suspension rod 92, thereby preventing the internal pressure of the furnace body 1 from being too high and causing a furnace explosion.

[0032] A slag removal device 8 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1. The slag removal device 8 is a slag removal auger 81 provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1. The slag removal auger 81 is placed obliquely. The outlet height of the slag removal auger 81 is higher than the inlet. The bottom of the furnace body 1 is sealed by the slag removal auger 81.

[0033] The air blowing device 441 is a Roots blower; or, the air blowing device 441 includes a blower 4411 and a water tank 4412, the outlet of the blower 4411 is connected to below the liquid level of the water tank 4412, and the water tank 4412 is connected to the air-cooling interlayer 421 through a pipeline above the liquid level. The air blowing device 441 can use a Roots blower to directly ventilate the air-cooling interlayer 421; if a common blower is used, in order to prevent the gas inside the furnace body 1 from leaking from the common blower, the present invention uses a water tank 4412 for sealing.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. Fully enclosed integrated low tar gasifier, characterized by: The invention comprises a furnace body provided with a drying zone, a cracking zone, an oxidation zone, a reduction zone and a charcoal slag zone, wherein the oxidation zone is provided with an oxidizing medium inlet, the reduction zone is provided with a reducing medium inlet, the furnace body is provided with an oil-gas separation system for separating tar from gas and returning the tar to the furnace body, the oil-gas separation system comprises a cooling system for arranging a flue gas pipe in the furnace body and adopting gas and liquid cooling, a separation system connected with the cooling system for separating tar and returning the tar to the furnace body, and an external connection system for providing a coolant to the cooling system.

2. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidizing medium inputted into the oxidizing medium inlet and the gaseous coolant of the cooling system are air, the reducing medium inputted into the reducing medium inlet is water vapor, and the liquid coolant of the cooling system is water.

3. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling system includes an air-cooled interlayer and a water-cooled interlayer arranged on the furnace body, the separation system includes a settling chamber, and a coke return pipe connecting the settling chamber and the drying zone, the external connection system includes an air blowing device connected to the air-cooled interlayer, and a water pump connected to the water-cooled interlayer, the flue gas pipe connects the reduction zone and the settling chamber and passes through the air-cooled interlayer and the water-cooled interlayer, and the settling chamber is provided with a gas outlet.

4. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oxidizing medium inlet is a plurality of pores connecting the air-cooling barrier and the oxidation zone.

5. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reducing medium inlet comprises a coil, the coil is provided with a plurality of branch pipes leading to the reducing zone, and the coil is provided with a steam inlet.

6. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 5, characterized in that: The furnace body is provided with a slag cooling layer in the slag area, the inlet of the slag cooling layer is connected to the water pump, the outlet of the slag cooling layer is connected to the steam inlet, and the inlet of the slag cooling layer is lower than the outlet of the slag cooling layer.

7. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body is provided with a feeding device, which includes a feeding funnel and a feeding auger. The outlet of the feeding auger is provided with a tapered tube with a gradually reduced cross-section, and the tapered tube is connected with the drying zone.

8. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slag discharge device is provided at the bottom of the furnace body. The slag discharge device is a slag discharge auger provided at the bottom of the furnace body. The slag discharge auger is placed obliquely, and the outlet height of the slag discharge auger is higher than the inlet height.

9. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 7, characterized in that: An explosion-proof device is arranged on the top of the furnace body, and the explosion-proof device includes a sliding sleeve arranged on the top of the furnace body, the sliding sleeve is slidably connected with a suspension rod, a pressure cover is fixed to the bottom end of the suspension rod, the pressure cover is arranged above the conical tube, the four sides of the pressure cover are in contact with the furnace body, the pressure cover is provided with an air leakage hole, a top cap covering the sliding sleeve is arranged on the top of the suspension rod, a water trough is arranged on the outside of the sliding sleeve, and the lower edge of the top cap is located below the water surface of the water trough.

10. The fully enclosed integrated low-tar gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air blowing device comprises an air blower and a water tank, wherein the outlet of the air blower is connected to below the liquid level of the water tank, and the water tank is connected to the air-cooling insulation layer through a pipeline above the liquid level.

Images