Active collection device for microplastics in surface water

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of surface water microplastic treatment, and provides an active collection device for surface water microplastics. It includes a collection buoy, a power pump, a drainage mechanism, an automatic water level adjustment mechanism and a filtering collection unit; the side wall of the open end of the collection buoy is provided with a water inlet window, and the bottom is provided with a buoy outlet; the side wall of the lower part of the power pump is provided with an underwater water inlet, the bottom of the power pump is provided with a pump outlet, the power pump is fixed in the collection buoy, and the pump outlet is connected with the buoy outlet; the drainage mechanism includes a drainage pipe and a drainage inlet provided at one end of the drainage pipe and a surface water suction port provided at the other end of the drainage pipe, the drainage pipe is installed on the power pump, and the drainage inlet is connected with the underwater water inlet, and the surface water suction port is at the water surface position in the collection buoy; the filtering collection unit is provided at the bottom outside the collection buoy and is connected with the pump outlet of the power pump. The present invention has strong adaptability to the tidal level difference and wave environment of the operating water area, and can realize active collection, continuous and rapid operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microplastic treatment in surface water, and in particular to an active collection device for microplastics in surface water. Background Art

[0002] Floating garbage and microplastics are a new type of pollutants in the aquatic environment, mainly concentrated in surface waters. Currently, the collection of floating garbage and microplastics in surface waters is mainly carried out through trawl nets or universal water sample collectors. The trawl net method requires the use of operating ships and other equipment, and has the disadvantages of high sampling costs and long preparation time. Universal water sample collectors mainly use location and depth as parameters and have limited collection volume. They cannot well reflect the actual distribution of floating garbage and microplastics in surface waters, and are greatly affected by the operating environment at the time. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an active collection device for microplastics in surface water to solve the problem that the sampling device in the prior art cannot well reflect the actual distribution of microplastics in surface water and is greatly affected by the operating environment at that time. The present invention has strong adaptability to the tidal level difference and wave environment of the operating water area, and can realize active collection, continuous and rapid operation.

[0004] An active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises:

[0005] A collection buoy, a power pump, a drainage mechanism, an automatic water level adjustment mechanism and a filtering and collecting unit; the collection buoy is provided with an open end, a water inlet window is provided on the side wall of the collection buoy located at the open end, and a buoy water outlet is provided at the bottom of the collection buoy;

[0006] The side wall of the power pump close to the lower part is provided with an underwater water inlet, the bottom of the power pump is provided with a pump outlet, the power pump is fixed in the collection buoy, and the pump outlet is communicated with the buoy outlet;

[0007] The drainage mechanism includes a drainage pipe, a drainage water inlet provided at one end of the drainage pipe, and a surface water suction port provided at the other end of the drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is installed on the power pump, and the drainage water inlet is connected to the underwater water inlet. The surface water suction port is located at the water surface in the collection buoy and is used to suck surface water.

[0008] The automatic water level regulating mechanism comprises a support frame, a guide sleeve constructed on the support frame, a water baffle plate arranged on the outer periphery of the support frame, and a water level automatic regulating buoyancy unit fixed in the support frame to provide buoyancy for the support frame. The support frame is arranged in the collection buoy, the upper end of the power pump is movably inserted into the guide sleeve, the outer periphery of the water baffle plate matches the inner wall of the collection buoy located at the open end, and the water baffle plate moves up and down according to the change of water level to cover or open the water inlet window;

[0009] The filtering and collecting unit is arranged at the bottom outside the collecting buoy and is communicated with the pump outlet of the power pump.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises a buoyancy balance ring and a plurality of floating balls, wherein the buoyancy balance ring is fixedly sleeved outside the collection buoy, and the plurality of floating balls are respectively connected to the four sides of the buoyancy balance ring at intervals through chains.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises a guide fixing frame, wherein the guide fixing frame comprises vertical support rods located at two opposite sides outside the collection buoy, and the vertical support rods are respectively fixedly installed on the buoyancy balance ring.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the guide fixing frame further comprises a horizontal support rod located outside and below the collection buoy, and the horizontal support rod is integrally connected with the vertical support rods on both sides to form a U-shaped frame;

[0013] The tops of the vertical support rods on both sides are respectively connected with horizontally arranged connecting rods.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a floating garbage collection net is detachably mounted on the upper surface of the support frame;

[0015] The support frame is also fixedly connected with a water retaining sleeve parallel to the axis of the guide sleeve, and one end of the drainage pipe provided with the surface water suction port is movably inserted into the water retaining sleeve;

[0016] A section of the drainage pipe wall close to the water meter is provided with a plurality of surface water absorption holes to form the surface water absorption port. The length of the pipe section provided with the surface water absorption holes is greater than the length of the water retaining sleeve.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises a mounting bracket, the filtering and collecting unit is fixed in the mounting bracket, the bottom outer wall of the collecting buoy is configured with a quick-disassembly flange, the upper end of the mounting bracket is connected to the bottom of the collecting buoy through the quick-disassembly flange, the bottom of the collecting buoy is configured with a water outlet pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe extends into the collecting buoy, and one end of the water outlet pipe extends out of the collecting buoy;

[0018] The filtering and collecting unit comprises a filter screen module with multi-stage sealing connection, an upper pressure cap located at the water inlet end of the filter screen module, and a lower pressure cap located at the water outlet end of the filter screen module, wherein the upper pressure cap is provided with a water inlet channel, and the lower pressure cap is provided with a water outlet channel;

[0019] The water inlet channel is butted against one end of the water outlet pipe extending out of the collection buoy;

[0020] The pump outlet of the power pump is fixedly sleeved with one end of the outlet pipe located in the collection buoy.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a flow meter is connected to the outlet of the water outlet channel;

[0022] The bottom of the collection buoy is also connected to a flushing pipe, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the collection buoy, and the other end of which is connected to the pipe wall of the outlet pipe outside the collection buoy.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it further comprises a counterweight adjustment mechanism, wherein the counterweight adjustment mechanism comprises a counterweight frame and a counterweight block connected to the lower portion of the counterweight frame, and the counterweight frame is connected to the bottom of the mounting bracket.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a linear bearing is provided in the guide sleeve, and the water level automatic adjustment buoyancy unit is a water level automatic adjustment buoyancy ring fixedly installed in the support frame;

[0025] The water inlet windows are in the shape of long strips arranged along the length direction of the collecting buoy, and the water inlet windows are evenly distributed on the wall of the collecting buoy.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a flange rib is fixed outside the wall of the collection buoy, and the buoyancy balance ring is arranged outside the collection buoy and fixedly connected to the flange rib;

[0027] The drainage pipe includes an L-shaped pipe and a water inlet pipe joint for being mounted on the power pump and connected to the underwater water inlet of the power pump. One section of the L-shaped pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe joint, and the other section of the L-shaped pipe extends vertically to the surface water surface.

[0028] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0029] An active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to an embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned technical scheme, maintains the dynamic balance of the water level in the collection float through an automatic water level adjustment mechanism, and makes the surface water suction port of the power pump always located at the position of the water surface inside the collection float, so that the external surface water and the floating garbage and microplastics mixed therein continuously flow into the collection float and enter the filtering and collecting unit for collection, thereby realizing the active, rapid and efficient collection of floating garbage and microplastics in the surface water.

[0030] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic front view of an active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view schematic diagram of

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main view of the collection float in the active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A top view schematic diagram of

[0036] Figure 5 is a front view schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the power pump and the drainage mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 is an axial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a filtering and collecting unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 is an axial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the automatic water level regulating mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 It is a top view schematic diagram of a floating garbage collection net arranged on an automatic water level regulating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a counterweight adjustment mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a device for actively collecting microplastics in surface water according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 1. Collection buoy, 2. Drainage mechanism, 3. Power pump, 4. Filter collection unit, 5. Flow meter, 6. Counterweight adjustment mechanism, 7. Mounting bracket, 8. Buoyancy balance ring, 9. Automatic water level adjustment mechanism, 10. Float, 11. Guide fixing frame, 12. Water inlet window, 13. Rinse valve, 14. Rinse pipe, 15. Underwater water inlet, 16. Float outlet, 17. Outlet pipe, 18. Flange rib plate, 19. Drainage pipe, 20. Inlet pipe joint, 21. Drainage water inlet, 22. Surface water suction port, 23. Upper end pressure cap, 24. Filter module, 25. Sealing ring, 26. Lower end pressure cap, 27. Flow meter fixing flange, 28. Screw, 29. Filter, 30. Vortex guide tube, 31. Connecting flange, 32. Water retaining plate, 33. Water level automatic adjustment buoyancy ring, 34. Linear bearing, 35. Water retaining sleeve, 36. Floating garbage collection net, 37. Support frame, 38. Counterweight frame, 39. Counterweight block, 40. Guide sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "above" and "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "below", "below" and "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0048] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to an embodiment of the present invention (referred to as the device in this embodiment) is used to collect microplastics in surface water. Of course, pollutants such as floating garbage can also be collected; it mainly includes a collection float 1, a power pump 3, a drainage mechanism 2, an automatic water level adjustment mechanism 9 and a filtering and collection unit 4.

[0050] It should be noted that the collection float 1 has a certain buoyancy and can float on the water surface. Figure 1 The middle wavy line represents the water surface.

[0051] Specifically, the collecting buoy 1 is provided with an open end, that is, one end of the collecting buoy 1 is open and the other end is closed. In this embodiment, the open end faces upward. A water inlet window 12 is opened on the side wall of the collecting buoy 1 located at the open end, and a buoy water outlet 16 is provided at the bottom of the collecting buoy 1.

[0052] The side wall of the power pump 3 near the bottom is provided with an underwater water inlet 15, that is, the setting position of the underwater water inlet 15 needs to ensure that the power pump 3 takes in water from underwater, and the bottom of the power pump 3 is provided with a pump outlet, and the power pump 3 is fixed in the collection buoy 1, that is, there is no relative displacement between the power pump 3 and the collection buoy 1, and the two remain relatively still. The pump outlet is connected with the buoy outlet 16, so that the water discharged from the power pump 3 is discharged from the collection buoy 1 through the buoy outlet 16.

[0053] In this embodiment, the drainage mechanism 2 includes a drainage pipe 19, a drainage water inlet 21 arranged at one end of the drainage pipe 19, and a surface water suction port 22 arranged at the other end of the drainage pipe 19. In terms of the water level difference, the position of the surface water suction port 22 is higher than the position of the drainage water inlet 21. The drainage pipe 19 is installed on the power pump 3, and the drainage water inlet 21 is connected to the underwater water inlet 15. That is to say, the underwater water inlet 15 of the power pump 3 is isolated into two parts, an underwater water suction port and a surface water suction port 22, by the drainage mechanism 2. The underwater water suction port is the drainage water inlet 21 mentioned above. The underwater water suction port of the drainage mechanism 2 is always submerged under the water surface, which is used to avoid cavitation caused by air inhalation at the water inlet of the power pump 3, thereby ensuring the normal water absorption of the power pump 3.

[0054] Under the action of the automatic water level regulating mechanism 9, the surface water suction port 22 is always at the water surface position in the collection buoy 1, and is used to suck in surface water, so that the garbage particles such as microplastics in the surface water enter the surface water suction port 22 with the surface water, and enter the underwater water inlet 15 of the power pump 3 through the drainage water inlet 21 under the suction action of the power pump 3. The water inlet 15 of the power pump 3 partially comes from under the water surface, and partially comes from the surface water suction port 22, that is, the water surface of the underwater water inlet 15 and the underwater are simultaneously inlet. The surface water suction port 22 of the drainage mechanism 2 is always at the water surface position with the assistance of the automatic water level regulating mechanism 9 in the cylinder, ensuring that the microplastics floating on the water surface are smoothly sucked into the power pump 3, thereby ensuring the smooth collection of the surface lightweight microplastics.

[0055] In this embodiment, the water level automatic regulating mechanism 9 includes a support frame 37, a guide sleeve 40 constructed on the support frame 37, a water retaining plate 32 arranged on the outer periphery of the support frame 37, and a water level automatic regulating buoyancy unit fixed in the support frame 37 to provide buoyancy for the support frame 37. The support frame 37 is arranged in the collection buoy 1, and the guide sleeve 40 is vertically arranged. The support frame 37 can automatically rise and fall with the water level in the collection buoy 1. The upper end of the power pump 3 is movably inserted into the guide sleeve 40. By setting the guide sleeve 40, a guiding effect can be provided for the support frame 37, so that the support frame 37 floats up and down in the vertical direction. The outer circumference of the water plate 32 matches the inner wall of the collection buoy 1 at the open end. For example, if the collection buoy 1 is a cylinder, the outer circumference of the water baffle 32 also forms a cylinder, and the sizes of the two cylinders match, so that the water baffle 32 can block or open the water inlet window 12 by moving up and down according to the change of the water level. That is to say, when the water baffle 32 is directly opposite to the water inlet window 12, it can completely block the water inlet window 12. At this time, water cannot enter from the water inlet window 12. When the water baffle 32 floats up or down and is misaligned with the water inlet window 12, at this time, the water inlet window 12 is at least partially exposed. At this time, water enters the collection buoy 1 from the exposed part of the water inlet window 12. When the water inlet window 12 of the collection buoy 1 is fully opened, its water inlet speed is greater than the drainage flow rate of the power pump 3.

[0056] In this embodiment, the design of the automatic water level regulating mechanism 9 maintains the dynamic balance of the water level in the collection buoy 1, and ensures that the surface water suction port 22 of the power pump 3 is always located at the water surface inside the collection buoy 1, so that the external surface water and the floating garbage and microplastics mixed therein continuously flow into the collection buoy 1, thereby realizing the active, rapid and efficient collection of floating garbage and microplastics in the surface water.

[0057] The design of the power pump 3 enables the device to have an active collection function, thereby improving the collection and sampling efficiency.

[0058] In this embodiment, the filtering and collecting unit 4 is arranged at the bottom outside the collecting buoy 1 and is connected to the pump outlet of the power pump 3. The water flowing out of the pump outlet enters the filtering and collecting unit 4 for filtering and collection, and the filtered microplastics remain in the filtering and collecting unit 4.

[0059] In order to make the collection buoy 1 float stably on the water surface and improve its adaptability to waves, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a buoyancy balance ring 8 and a plurality of floating balls 10. The buoyancy balance ring 8 is fixedly sleeved outside the collection buoy 1, and the plurality of floating balls 10 are respectively connected to the four sides of the buoyancy balance ring 8 by chains at intervals. The number of floating balls 10 can be set as needed. By setting the buoyancy balance ring 8, it is not only convenient to improve the stability of the collection buoy 1, but also to provide a part of the buoyancy, thereby reducing the volume of the floating ball 10. The buoyancy of the floating ball 10 pulls the entire device to make it float. In addition, the length of the chain between the floating ball 10 and the buoyancy balance ring 8 can be adjusted, and by adjusting the length of the chain between the floating ball 10 and the buoyancy balance ring 8, it is determined how deep the surface water below the water surface is collected.

[0060] The arrangement of the buoyancy balance ring 8 and the floating ball 10 in this embodiment ensures the balance between the weight of the device and the buoyancy it is subjected to, thereby ensuring the range of the water layer sampled by the device.

[0061] This embodiment can quickly and continuously collect floating garbage and microplastics on the surface of the water body, and has strong adaptability to the tidal level difference and wave environment of the operating water area.

[0062] In order to facilitate the installation of the collection buoy 1, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a guide fixing frame 11 may also be included, wherein the guide fixing frame 11 includes vertical support rods located on opposite sides of the collection buoy 1, and the vertical support rods are respectively fixedly installed on the buoyancy balance ring 8. The guide fixing frame 11 also includes a horizontal support rod located outside and below the collection buoy 1, and the horizontal support rod is integrally connected with the vertical support rods on both sides to form a U-shaped frame. The guide fixing frame 11 can facilitate the installation of the entire device, and the entire device can be fixed on the shore structure or the side of the ship to avoid drifting away with the water flow. It also realizes the constraint of other degrees of freedom of the device except the vertical direction, and limits the range of motion of the device.

[0063] Of course, in sea areas where there are no structures to attach to, the guide fixing frame 11 can be removed and connected to the counterweight block 39 mentioned below through an anchor chain, and the anchor chain is fixed to the seabed, so that the active collection device can float and move within the set range of the sea area without drifting away with the water current.

[0064] In this embodiment, the tops of the vertical support rods on both sides are respectively connected with horizontally arranged connecting rods. By setting the connecting rods, it is convenient to carry the entire device and also convenient to connect with other structures. For example, ropes can be tied to the T-shaped parts where the connecting rods are connected to the vertical support rods, and the ropes are not easy to get loose. In addition, the horizontal setting of the connecting rods also facilitates the balance of the entire equipment.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8As shown, a floating garbage collection net 36 is detachably mounted on the upper surface of the support frame 37. Specifically, a fixing flange for quickly disassembling and assembling the floating garbage collection net 36 is designed on the support frame 37, and the floating garbage collection net 36 is connected to the fixing flange. The floating garbage collection net 36 floats up and down with the support frame 37, and is used to collect and isolate floating garbage with a diameter greater than 5 mm, and the diameter of the collected and isolated floating garbage can be adjusted according to the characteristics of the deployment environment. The connection form of the floating garbage collection net 36 and the support frame 37 is simple in structure, which can realize the rapid disassembly and assembly of the floating garbage collection net 36, and quickly transport the floating garbage without recovering the active collection device.

[0066] Furthermore, a water retaining sleeve 35 parallel to the axis of the guide sleeve 40 is fixedly connected to the support frame 37, and one end of the drainage pipe 19 provided with the surface water suction port 22 is movably inserted into the water retaining sleeve 35. By providing the water retaining sleeve 35, on the one hand, a positioning and guiding function is played for the support frame 37.

[0067] Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, a section of the pipe wall of the drainage pipe 19 close to the water meter is provided with a plurality of surface water absorption holes, forming the surface water absorption port 22. The length of the pipe section provided with the surface water absorption holes is greater than the length of the water retaining sleeve 35, so that at least part of the surface water absorption holes can be exposed from the water retaining sleeve 35, thereby ensuring that water can always flow in from the surface water absorption holes. When the support frame 37 floats up and down with the water level so that the water retaining sleeve 35 follows the up and down floating, the position of the surface water absorption holes exposed outside the water retaining sleeve 35 is constantly changing, and the surface water absorption holes at the water level can always flow in water, thereby ensuring that water can flow in continuously from the surface water absorption port 22. By arranging a section of surface water absorption holes along the length direction of the drainage pipe 19, there is always a surface water absorption hole located above the water retaining sleeve 35 and water flows in from this position.

[0068] In order to facilitate the installation and fixation of the filtration and collection unit 4, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a mounting bracket 7, which can be a cylindrical bracket. The filtration and collection unit 4 is fixed in the mounting bracket 7. The bottom outer wall of the collection buoy 1 is constructed with a quick-disassembly flange, and the upper end of the mounting bracket 7 is connected to the bottom of the collection buoy 1 through the quick-disassembly flange.

[0069] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, a water outlet pipe 17 is constructed at the bottom of the collection buoy 1, one end of the water outlet pipe 17 extends into the collection buoy 1, and one end of the water outlet pipe 17 extends out of the collection buoy 1, and the water outlet pipe 17 is installed at the buoy outlet 16.

[0070] In this embodiment, Figure 6As shown, the filtering and collecting unit 4 includes a multi-stage sealed filter module 24, an upper pressure cap 23 located at the water inlet end of the filter module 24, and a lower pressure cap 26 located at the water outlet end of the filter module 24. The upper pressure cap 23 is provided with a water inlet channel, and the lower pressure cap 26 is provided with a water outlet channel. A filter 29 is provided on each level of the filter module 24, and the multi-stage filter module 24 is used to achieve the classification, concentration, and interception of microplastics in the surface water. The multi-stage filter module 24 is composed of a plurality of filter modules 24 with different filtration levels, which can be arbitrarily and quickly matched on site according to the requirements of obtaining the microplastic level.

[0071] The filter modules 24 at each stage are sealed by means of sealing rings 25. For example, the sealing rings 25 are press-fitted at the connection points of the filter modules 24 at each stage, the upper pressure cap 23 is press-fitted on the first-stage filter module, and the lower pressure cap 26 is press-fitted on the last-stage filter module. The screw 28 penetrates the upper pressure cap 23 and the lower pressure cap 26 located outside the filter module 24 and is tightened by a nut, thereby press-fitting the upper pressure cap 23, the multi-stage filter module and the lower pressure cap 26 into one.

[0072] Furthermore, the pump outlet of the power pump 3 is fixedly connected with one end of the outlet pipe 17 located in the collection buoy 1, so that the outlet water of the power pump 3 can flow out through the collection buoy 1, and the water inlet channel is connected with the end of the outlet pipe 17 extending outside the collection buoy 1. Specifically, a connecting flange 31 can be set at the corresponding ends of the upper end pressure cap 23 and the outlet pipe 17, and the two are quickly connected through the connecting flange 31, so that the water in the collection buoy 1 can directly flow into the multi-stage filtration module. In addition, in order to facilitate the water flowing in from the water inlet channel to fully contact with the filter 28, a vortex guide tube 30 is provided in the upper end pressure cap 23.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a flow meter 5 is connected to the outlet of the water outlet channel. Specifically, a flow meter fixing flange 27 can be provided on the lower end pressure cap 26 and the flow meter 5, respectively, and the two are connected through the flow meter fixing flange 27. By providing the flow meter 5, the monitoring function of the sampling process is realized, and according to the inflow flow rate, the amount of floating garbage collected, and the amount of microplastics collected, the actual distribution of floating garbage and microplastics in the surface water body is conveniently and intuitively reflected, providing data support for the subsequent determination of the concentration of microplastics.

[0074] The active collection device of this embodiment realizes the simultaneous collection of floating garbage and microplastics in the surface water, which can be used to protect the marine environment and meet the sampling needs of scientific investigations.

[0075] In addition, if Figure 3As shown, a rinse pipe 14 is also connected to the bottom of the collection buoy 1, and a rinse valve 13 is provided on the rinse pipe 14 to facilitate the opening and closing of the rinse pipe 14. One end of the rinse pipe 14 is connected to the bottom of the collection buoy 1. By setting the rinse pipe 14, it is convenient for water to flow out for cleaning the collection buoy 1. After the power pump 3 stops running, the buoy water outlet 16 of the collection buoy 1 is blocked. At this time, the rinse water is discharged through the rinse pipe 14, and the other end of the rinse pipe 14 is connected to the pipe wall of the outlet pipe 17 outside the collection buoy 1, so that the rinse water is discharged into the multi-stage filtration module, thereby collecting microplastics in the rinse water.

[0076] like Fig. 9 As shown, in order to maintain the balance between the gravity and buoyancy of the equipment, according to one embodiment of the present invention, it can also include a counterweight adjustment mechanism 6, the counterweight adjustment mechanism 6 includes a counterweight frame 38 and a counterweight block 39 connected to the lower part of the counterweight frame 38, the counterweight frame 38 is connected to the bottom of the mounting bracket 7, and the two can be connected by a flange for easy disassembly and assembly.

[0077] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a linear bearing 34 is provided in the guide sleeve 40 , and the buoyancy of the automatic water level regulating mechanism 9 is greater than its own weight, and the automatic water level regulating mechanism 9 floats smoothly inside the collection buoy 1 with the help of the guiding effect of the linear bearing 34 .

[0078] An embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the water level automatic regulating buoyancy unit is a water level automatic regulating buoyancy ring 33 fixedly installed in the support frame 37 , and the water level automatic regulating buoyancy ring 33 provides buoyancy for the support frame 37 .

[0079] An embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the water inlet window 12 is in the shape of a long strip arranged along the length direction of the collection float 1, and the water inlet windows 12 are evenly distributed on the wall of the collection float 1. When the equipment is completely submerged in water, the water baffle 32 of the automatic water level adjustment mechanism 9 completely covers the water inlet window 12 of the collection float 1, the upper edge of the water inlet window 12 is at the water surface, and the lower edge of the water inlet window 12 is at the deepest position of the surface water collected. The upper edge of the water baffle 32 of the automatic water level adjustment mechanism 9 is always at the water surface, so that the surface water suction port 22 of the drainage mechanism 2 is always at the water surface.

[0080] In order to facilitate the fixing of the buoyancy balance ring 8 on the collection float 1, Figure 3 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a flange rib 18 is fixed outside the wall of the collection buoy 1 , and the buoyancy balance ring 8 is sleeved outside the collection buoy 1 and fixedly connected to the flange rib 18 .

[0081] like Figure 5As shown, specifically, the drainage pipe 19 includes an L-shaped pipe and a water inlet pipe joint 20 for being mounted on the power pump 3 and connected to the underwater water inlet 15 of the power pump 3. By setting the water inlet pipe joint 20, it is convenient to install the drainage pipe 19 on the power pump 3, and it is convenient to connect the water inlet of the water inlet pipe joint 20 with the underwater water inlet 15 of the power pump 3; one section of the L-shaped pipe (a shorter and horizontally arranged section) is connected to the water inlet pipe joint 20, and the other section of the L-shaped pipe (a longer and vertically arranged section) extends vertically to the surface water surface and is passed through the water retaining sleeve 35.

[0082] The embodiments of the present invention achieve the simultaneous collection of floating garbage and microplastics in surface water, which can be used to protect the marine environment and meet the sampling needs of scientific investigations.

[0083] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active collection device for microplastics in surface water, characterized in that: include: Collection buoy, power pump, drainage mechanism, automatic water level adjustment mechanism and filtration collection unit; The collecting buoy is provided with an open end, a water inlet window is provided on the side wall of the collecting buoy located at the open end, and a buoy water outlet is provided at the bottom of the collecting buoy; The side wall of the power pump close to the lower part is provided with an underwater water inlet, the bottom of the power pump is provided with a pump outlet, the power pump is fixed in the collection buoy, and the pump outlet is communicated with the buoy outlet; The drainage mechanism includes a drainage pipe, a drainage water inlet provided at one end of the drainage pipe, and a surface water suction port provided at the other end of the drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is installed on the power pump, and the drainage water inlet is connected to the underwater water inlet. The surface water suction port is located at the water surface in the collection buoy and is used to suck surface water. The automatic water level regulating mechanism comprises a support frame, a guide sleeve constructed on the support frame, a water baffle plate arranged on the outer periphery of the support frame, and a water level automatic regulating buoyancy unit fixed in the support frame to provide buoyancy for the support frame. The support frame is arranged in the collection buoy, the upper end of the power pump is movably inserted into the guide sleeve, the outer periphery of the water baffle plate matches the inner wall of the collection buoy located at the open end, and the water baffle plate moves up and down according to the change of water level to cover or open the water inlet window; The filtering and collecting unit is arranged at the bottom outside the collecting buoy and is connected with the pump outlet of the power pump; A plurality of surface water absorption holes are distributed on a section of the wall of the drainage pipe close to the water meter to form the surface water absorption port; The filtering and collecting unit comprises a filter screen module with multi-stage sealing connection, an upper pressure cap located at the water inlet end of the filter screen module, and a lower pressure cap located at the water outlet end of the filter screen module, wherein the upper pressure cap is provided with a water inlet channel, and the lower pressure cap is provided with a water outlet channel; The outlet of the water outlet channel is connected with a flow meter; The bottom of the collection buoy is also connected to a flushing pipe, one end of which is connected to the bottom of the collection buoy, and the other end of which is connected to the pipe wall of the water outlet pipe outside the collection buoy.

2. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a buoyancy balance ring and a plurality of floating balls. The buoyancy balance ring is fixedly sleeved outside the collection buoy, and the plurality of floating balls are respectively connected to the four sides of the buoyancy balance ring through chains at intervals.

3. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a guide fixing frame, which includes vertical support rods located on two opposite sides outside the collection buoy, and the vertical support rods are respectively fixedly installed on the buoyancy balance ring.

4. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide fixing frame also includes a horizontal support rod located outside and below the collection buoy, and the horizontal support rod is integrally connected with the vertical support rods on both sides to form a U-shaped frame; The tops of the vertical support rods on both sides are respectively connected with horizontally arranged connecting rods.

5. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: A floating garbage collection net is detachably mounted on the upper surface of the support frame; The support frame is also fixedly connected with a water retaining sleeve parallel to the axis of the guide sleeve, and one end of the drainage pipe provided with the surface water suction port is movably inserted into the water retaining sleeve; The length of the pipe section where the surface water absorption holes are distributed is greater than the length of the water retaining sleeve.

6. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting bracket, the filtering and collecting unit is fixed in the mounting bracket, the bottom outer wall of the collecting buoy is configured with a quick-disassembly flange, the upper end of the mounting bracket is connected to the bottom of the collecting buoy through the quick-disassembly flange, the bottom of the collecting buoy is configured with a water outlet pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe extends into the collecting buoy, and one end of the water outlet pipe extends out of the collecting buoy; The water inlet channel is butted against one end of the water outlet pipe extending out of the collection buoy; The pump outlet of the power pump is fixedly sleeved with one end of the outlet pipe located in the collection buoy.

7. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a counterweight adjustment mechanism, which includes a counterweight frame and a counterweight block connected to the lower part of the counterweight frame, and the counterweight frame is connected to the bottom of the mounting bracket.

8. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 1, characterized in that: A linear bearing is arranged in the guide sleeve, and the water level automatic adjustment buoyancy unit is a water level automatic adjustment buoyancy ring fixedly installed in the support frame; The water inlet windows are in the shape of long strips arranged along the length direction of the collecting buoy, and the water inlet windows are evenly distributed on the wall of the collecting buoy.

9. The active collection device for microplastics in surface water according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flange rib is fixed outside the wall of the collection buoy, and the buoyancy balance ring is arranged outside the collection buoy and fixedly connected to the flange rib; The drainage pipe includes an L-shaped pipe and a water inlet pipe joint for being mounted on the power pump and connected to the underwater water inlet of the power pump. One section of the L-shaped pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe joint, and the other section of the L-shaped pipe extends vertically to the surface water surface.

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