Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator and method of using the same

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator and a method for using the same. The base unit is a hollow box, the front of the base unit is covered with epidermis, a sternum is arranged inside, the base unit is divided into a thoracic position and an abdominal position, and also includes a heart unit located at the thoracic position and fixed inside the sternum, and a power pump unit located at the abdominal position and fixed below the sternum. A circulation unit is connected between the heart unit and the power pump unit. A silicone card slot is fixed at the inner edge of the base unit. The heart unit includes a heart and a pericardium sleeved outside the heart. The circulation unit includes a hose simulating a human blood vessel, the hose is fixed in the silicone card slot, the power pump unit includes a hydraulic pump and a pneumatic pump connected and arranged, and the pneumatic pump is externally connected to an effusion device. The ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator of the present invention can be used repeatedly, is specially used for training ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, is easy to carry, and is simple and convenient to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of medical teaching, and in particular relates to an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pericardial effusion is a common clinical manifestation. It is a local manifestation or complication of the pericardium itself or systemic diseases. Pericardial effusion can be seen in exudative pericarditis and other non-inflammatory pericardial lesions. When there is a large amount of pericardial effusion, it will cause cardiac tamponade. The patient will experience symptoms of cardiac tamponade such as chest tightness, dyspnea, decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate. The increased pressure in the pericardial cavity causes serious interference with the patient's blood circulation. The venous blood cannot return to the heart smoothly, and the heart's blood discharge function is impaired. In severe cases, sudden death may occur. Traditional treatment of pericardial effusion is mostly done by blindly puncturing the pericardial cavity with a puncture needle to extract the effusion. However, repeated pericardial punctures under non-visual conditions can easily cause organ damage and are dangerous. In order to avoid damage caused by blind puncture, echocardiography is used to visualize the puncture drainage. Echocardiography is a preferred non-invasive technology that uses the physical properties of ultrasound to examine the anatomical structure and functional status of the heart and large blood vessels.

[0003] The sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography in diagnosing pericardial effusion are significantly better than those of X-ray and electrocardiogram, and ultrasound shows a dark area of ​​fluid in the pericardial cavity. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous pericardial puncture and catheter drainage is the simplest, safest and most effective emergency measure for clinicians to examine, relieve or relieve acute pericardial tamponade at this stage. Patients with acute pericardial effusion are in critical condition. Ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage requires tacit cooperation and proficiency between operators, but there are few clinical training opportunities for junior doctors. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ultrasound-guided pericardial puncture simulator to assist doctors in routine echocardiography exercises, as well as ultrasound-guided pericardial puncture and drainage exercises in pericardial effusion mode. At present, the puncture simulators used in clinical teaching have relatively simple functions and cannot meet the training needs under complex conditions. The existing simulators are not satisfied with solving the current "medical, teaching and research" problems in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects or shortcomings in the above-mentioned prior art and solve the problem that the puncture simulators used in clinical teaching at this stage have relatively single functions and cannot meet the training needs under complex conditions.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional ultrasound-guided pericardial puncture simulator which has the functions of simulating normal human heart blood flow function, simulating pericardial effusion state and puncturing pericardial effusion under ultrasound guidance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A pericardiocentesis simulator under ultrasound guidance includes a base unit, which is a hollow box, with the front of the base unit covered with epidermis and a sternum arranged inside. The base unit is divided into a thoracic cavity position and an abdominal cavity position, and also includes a heart unit located at the thoracic cavity position and fixed inside the sternum, and a power pump unit located at the abdominal cavity position and fixed below the sternum. A circulation unit is connected between the heart unit and the power pump unit.

[0008] The base unit has a silicone card slot fixed to its inner edge, the heart unit includes a heart and a pericardium sleeved outside the heart, the circulation unit includes a hose simulating a human blood vessel, the hose is fixed in the silicone card slot, the power pump unit includes a hydraulic pump and a pneumatic pump connected, the pneumatic pump is externally connected to a fluid accumulation device;

[0009] The hose connects the heart and the hydraulic pump to form a closed liquid circulation system to achieve normal blood flow simulation;

[0010] The hose connects the pericardium and the pneumatic pump, and the pneumatic pump and the effusion device together provide effusion for the pericardium;

[0011] The hoses connecting the hydraulic pump and the hoses connecting the pneumatic pump are independent of each other.

[0012] Specifically, a balloon connected to a pneumatic pump is provided inside the effusion device, and an air pressure bottle connected to the balloon is provided outside the effusion device. The pneumatic pump is connected to the air pressure bottle to control the amount of gas in the balloon and thus control the amount of effusion entering the pericardium. The pneumatic pump provides pressure for the hose connected to the pericardium.

[0013] Furthermore, an upper and lower isolation layer is provided on the back of the base unit, the upper layer is used to fix the puncture drainage unit, and the lower layer is provided with a storage unit for placing consumables.

[0014] Furthermore, the hose connection of the circulation unit is a spiral interface, and a one-way valve connecting the heart unit and the power pump unit is provided.

[0015] Furthermore, the heart and pericardium are encapsulated in a whole in soft silica gel and fit closely with the epidermis and sternum.

[0016] Specifically, the fluid accumulation device is provided with a fluid replenishing port for artificially adding fluid, and the storage unit is provided with tools and supplies for maintaining the simulator.

[0017] Furthermore, the base unit is externally connected to a power source for power supply.

[0018] The method for using the ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator of the present invention comprises:

[0019] (1) Preparation stage:

[0020] The simulator is powered on, and the hydraulic pump drives the blood in the simulator's blood vessels to move in one direction at a uniform speed. Check whether there is any abnormality on the outside of the simulator during the blood's one-way uniform speed movement, and use an ultrasonic probe to check whether the blood flow inside the simulator is unobstructed;

[0021] (2) Pericardial effusion stage

[0022] Keep the blood flow smooth, turn on the pneumatic pump switch, keep the power pump unit at positive pressure, adjust the air pressure in the air pressure bottle, inflate the balloon, and the effusion device releases the effusion into the pericardium; adjust the pneumatic pump to keep the power pump unit at negative pressure and draw back the effusion in the pericardium;

[0023] (3) Puncture stage

[0024] During the simulator pericardiocentesis, the simulator is in the supine position, blood flows normally in the hose, there is fluid in the pericardium, and an ultrasound device is connected between the heart unit and the power pump unit outside the base unit. The ultrasound probe of the ultrasound device is attached to the epidermis to detect and obtain an ultrasound image. Under the guidance of the ultrasound image, the puncture needle of the puncture and drainage unit penetrates the epidermis and then enters the pericardium to drain the effusion to the outside of the epidermis.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator of the present invention can be used repeatedly, is specially designed for training ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, is easy to carry, and is simple and convenient to operate. It is very suitable for training clinicians to conduct ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis operations and catheter drainage training. This simulator has the functions of simulating the normal human heart blood flow function, simulating the state of pericardial effusion, and having a multifunctional ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator combined with the ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis puncture function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is the subcutaneous frontal view of the pericardiocentesis simulator;

[0028] Figure 2 This is the subcutaneous lateral view of the pericardiocentesis simulator;

[0029] Figure 3 is the side view of the pericardiocentesis simulator;

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power pump unit;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cardiac unit structure, in which the arrows indicate the direction of blood flow;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pericardiocentesis simulator in normal mode;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pericardiocentesis simulator in effusion mode;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pericardiocentesis simulator in puncture mode;

[0035] The symbols in the figure represent:

[0036] 1. Base unit; 11. Epidermis; 12. Sternum; 13. Isolation layer; 14. Silicone card slot; 2. Heart unit; 21. Heart; 22. Pericardium; 3. Circulation unit; 31. Hose; 4. Power pump unit; 41. Hydraulic pump; 42. Pneumatic pump; 43. Air pressure bottle; 44. Effusion replenishment port; 45. Balloon; 46. Effusion device; 47. Rotor; 5. Storage unit; 6. Puncture drainage unit; 7. Power supply.

[0037] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solution of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", etc. used in the present invention to indicate directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. "Inside", "outside", "interior", and "exterior" refer to the inside and outside of the contour of the corresponding component, and "front" and "back" refer to the front and back of the contour of the corresponding component. The above terms should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] The disclosed external water pump simulates "blood flow" with water flow, and the epidermis simulates the human surface skin. It is made of silicone material and has a simulated touch. It can be used for repeated puncture training and can be disassembled, replaced, cleaned and maintained. It is durable and supports any brand of ultrasound for inspection.

[0042] The sternum simulates the structure of the human sternum, has intercostal spaces, and is ≤2mm thick. It supports the epidermis and creates a sternum blind area under ultrasound. The sternum structure can be snapped onto the inner edge of the base and can be removed and replaced.

[0043] The heart is a 3D printed transparent heart model, which can be seen by ultrasound. The heart and pericardium are integrated and can be replaced. The liquid inlet and outlet have spiral interfaces to connect with blood vessels.

[0044] In the present invention, the balloon is arranged inside the effusion device, and the pneumatic pump is connected to the air pressure bottle to inflate and deflate the balloon, and the inflated and deflated balloon plays the role of squeezing the effusion into the pericardium or causing the effusion in the pericardium to flow back to the effusion device. When the balloon is inflated, it will squeeze the effusion in the effusion device, causing the effusion to flow into the pericardium along the hose, and when deflated, the balloon becomes smaller, and the effusion in the pericardium flows back to the effusion device.

[0045] In the process of simulating pericardial effusion and puncture drainage, the operation of puncture drainage will damage the pericardial material. Therefore, the pericardial material is made of "self-healing tissue", with simulated touch and realistic ultrasound images. It can be used for repeated puncture training and is durable enough to support inspections with any brand of ultrasound to meet the high requirements of puncture drainage and multiple complex puncture operations. There is a small spiral interface at the apex of the heart to connect the pneumatic pump device. The hydraulic pump and pneumatic pump of this device are arranged under a frame to form a power pump unit. The rotation of the circular rotor means the rotation of the hydraulic pump, which drives the blood in the embedded hose to flow in one direction at a uniform speed.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator, including a base unit 1, which is a hollow box. The front of the base unit 1 is covered with a replaceable epidermis 11, and a sternum 12 is arranged inside. Specifically, an ultrasound-impermeable sternum 12 structure (thickness ≤ 2 mm) is embedded under the epidermis 11. The base unit 1 is divided into a chest position and an abdominal position, and also includes a heart unit 2 located at the chest position and fixed inside the sternum 12 and a power pump unit 4 located at the abdominal position and fixed below the sternum 12. A circulation unit 3 is connected between the heart unit 2 and the power pump unit 4.

[0048] The inner edge of the base unit 1 is fixed with a silicone card slot 14, the heart unit 2 includes a heart 21 and a pericardium 22 sleeved outside the heart 21, and the apex of the pericardium 22 has a small spiral interface connected to a pneumatic pump 42 device. The circulation unit 3 includes a hose 31 simulating a human blood vessel, and the hose 31 is fixed in the silicone card slot 14. The power pump unit 4 includes a hydraulic pump 41 and a pneumatic pump 42 connected and arranged, and the pneumatic pump 42 is externally connected to a fluid accumulation device 46;

[0049] The hose 31 connects the heart 21 and the hydraulic pump 41 to form a closed liquid circulation system to achieve blood flow simulation;

[0050] The hose 31 connects the pericardium 22 and the pneumatic pump 42 , and the pneumatic pump 42 and the fluid accumulation device 46 together provide fluid accumulation for the pericardium 22 ;

[0051] The hoses 31 connected to the hydraulic pump 41 and the hoses 31 connected to the pneumatic pump 42 are independent of each other.

[0052] In this embodiment, a balloon 45 connected to a pneumatic pump 42 is provided inside the effusion device 46, and a gas pressure bottle 43 connected to the balloon 45 is provided outside the effusion device 46. The pneumatic pump 42 is connected to the gas pressure bottle 43 to control the amount of gas in the balloon 45 and thus control the amount of effusion entering the pericardium 22. The pneumatic pump 42 provides pressure for the hose 31 connected to the pericardium 22. When inflated, the balloon 45 becomes larger, and the effusion will be squeezed into the pericardium 22; when deflated, the balloon 45 becomes smaller, and there is no effusion in the pericardium 22. The pneumatic pump 42 controls the change in the size of the balloon 45, that is, controls the gas pressure bottle 43 to retract and release gas, thereby generating effusion.

[0053] Furthermore, the back of the base unit 1 is provided with an upper and lower isolation layer 13, the upper layer is used to fix the puncture drainage unit 6, and the puncture needle and other components used for puncture are placed in the puncture drainage unit 6. The lower layer is provided with a storage unit 5 for placing consumables, and both sides of the isolation layer 13 have replaceable sponge pads, which play the role of shock absorption, waterproofing, and supporting the module.

[0054] In this embodiment, the connection point of the hose 31 of the circulation unit 3 is a spiral interface, and a one-way valve is set to connect the heart unit 2 and the power pump unit 4. In addition, a multi-interface shunt can be connected to a device that connects multiple hoses in different directions to connect blood vessels simulating other limbs.

[0055] The fluid accumulation device 46 is also provided with a rotating wheel 47, which is a part of the hydraulic pump 41 and provides power for the hydraulic pump 41. The circular rotating wheel 47 is connected to the hydraulic pump 41 to rub the hose 31, generating a uniform and unidirectional simulated blood flow. The advantage of this part is that the "blood" flows in a closed environment and no external water tank is required; the hose 31 worn by the rotating wheel 47 can be replaced, and the length of the hose 31 can also be increased. The hose 31 is wired around the inner edge of the base unit 1 and stuck in the silicone card slot 14 on the inner edge of the base unit 1. The silicone body fits tightly with the base epidermis 11 and the sternum 12 frame to prevent air from causing ultrasound invisibility.

[0056] Furthermore, the heart 21 and pericardium 22 are completely encapsulated in soft silica gel and fit tightly with the epidermis 11 and sternum 12 to avoid being invisible due to ultrasound due to air influence.

[0057] In this embodiment, the power pump unit 4 also includes an interface for power supply, which can be a spiral interface. The hydraulic pump 41 realizes normal blood flow simulation, and the hydraulic pump 41 gives the hose 31 stuck therein a uniform blood flow through the electric wheel 47, which can be realized by turning on the switch after power supply.

[0058] The "negative pressure" of the pneumatic pump 42 is the suction mode, and there is no effusion in the pericardium 22; the "positive pressure" of the pneumatic pump 42 is the release mode, and there is effusion in the pericardium 22. Since the amount of effusion in the pericardium 22 varies, the amount of effusion can be determined by the air pressure of the air pressure bottle 43 built into the pneumatic pump 42. Under the condition of no puncture, repeated recovery of effusion can be achieved.

[0059] In addition, the fluid accumulation device 46 is provided with a fluid accumulation replenishment port 44 for artificially adding fluid, and the fluid accumulated lost by puncture can be refilled with liquid through the fluid accumulation replenishment port 44.

[0060] In this embodiment, the storage unit 5 contains tools and supplies for maintaining the simulator, such as reusable puncture needles. The simulator is equipped with conventional puncture needles and drainage devices, which can be reused to avoid medical pollution caused by using puncture needles used for patients.

[0061] Furthermore, the base unit 1 is externally connected to a power source 7 for power supply.

[0062] From the above content, it can be seen that in the ultrasound-guided pericardium 22 puncture simulator of the present invention, the hose 31 connects the heart unit 2 and the power pump unit 4, and can also be connected to other simulation parts. The power pump unit 4 can control the amount of effusion by adjusting the pressure. The heart 21 pericardium 22 material is replaceable. The present invention can be used to simulate the environment of normal cardiovascular examination, pericardium 22 effusion examination and pericardium 22 puncture and drainage, and has strong application in medical education and research.

[0063] In specific applications, the product specifications of the pericardium 22 puncture simulator are:

[0064] Size: Based on the standard of adult male upper body

[0065] Length*width*height45-50cm*30-40cm*45-50cmWeight: 10Kg

[0066] Example 2

[0067] This embodiment discloses a method for using an ultrasound-guided pericardial puncture simulator. Before the simulator is powered on, check whether the device is complete, whether the connections between the modules are tight and fixed, the liquid conditions in the circulation module and the pneumatic pump 42, and whether there is water leakage in the entire chest and abdominal cavity to avoid the risk of electric shock. The sponge pad on the upper part of the isolation layer 13 is kept dry to avoid interference with ultrasound imaging. The epidermis 11 is disinfected according to the regular process and placed in a supine position to ensure that the effusion can gather at the apex of the heart, which is convenient for ultrasound imaging and puncture and drainage operations; including:

[0068] (1) Preparation stage:

[0069] like Figure 6 As shown, the simulator is powered on, and the hydraulic pump 41 drives the blood in the simulator's blood vessels to move in one direction at a uniform speed. Check whether there is any abnormality on the outside of the simulator during the blood's one-way uniform speed movement, mainly check whether there is any water leakage, and use an ultrasonic probe to check whether the blood flow inside the simulator is unobstructed;

[0070] (2) Pericardial effusion stage

[0071] like Figure 7 As shown, keep the blood flow unobstructed, turn on the pneumatic pump 42 switch, adjust the air pressure, keep the power pump unit 4 at a positive pressure, adjust the air pressure in the air pressure bottle 43, inflate the balloon 45, and the effusion device 46 releases the effusion into the pericardium 22; check for air and water leaks and changes in the effusion in the pericardium 22; adjust the pneumatic pump 42 to keep the power pump unit 4 at a negative pressure, draw back the effusion in the pericardium 22; and check the situation of the effusion in the pericardium 22; repeat three times. This step is to check the water pump, the sensitivity and safety of the power pump unit 4, and the integrity of the pericardium 22.

[0072] (3) Puncture stage

[0073] like Figure 8 As shown, the anterior chest wall is disinfected, and the ultrasound machine is prepared. The puncture and drainage unit 6 ultrasound evaluates at least three parts: the left sternum 12, the apex of the heart, and the xiphoid process to understand the distribution of the pericardial effusion 22. A wire with silver clips at both ends is connected to the simulator ground wire and the puncture needle to check whether the machine has leakage. The above components are placed in the puncture and drainage unit 6.

[0074] During the simulator pericardial puncture, the simulator is in a supine position, the blood flows normally in the hose 31, there is effusion in the pericardium 22, and an ultrasonic device is connected between the heart unit 2 and the power pump unit 4 outside the base unit 1. The ultrasonic probe of the ultrasonic device is attached to the epidermis 11, and an ultrasonic image is detected. Under the guidance of the ultrasonic image, the puncture needle of the puncture and drainage unit 6 penetrates the epidermis 11, and then enters the pericardium 22 to drain the effusion to the outside of the epidermis 11. During the puncture, the position of the puncture needle in the simulator body is closely observed. If the ultrasonic image shows that the simulated heart 21 is obviously shaking and the needle cannot be pushed forward, it means that the needle tip has pierced the heart 21, and the needle should be withdrawn immediately.

[0075] (4) Postoperative operation:

[0076] Puncture drainage will cause the amount of accumulated fluid in the effusion device 46 to decrease. After each drainage operation, the fluid must be replenished in time through the effusion replenishment port 44. After each operation, turn off the power. Put away the puncture drainage unit 6 and return it to the back storage unit 5. Check for water leakage inside the simulator and keep it dry. Check the tightness of the interface between the hose 31 and each module to prevent water leakage. Cleaning and disinfection operations are carried out according to actual clinical steps. Store the simulator in a special box and seal it.

[0077] In the above-listed embodiments, the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail. It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0078] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0079] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0080] In addition, the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content invented by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator, comprising a base unit (1), wherein the base unit (1) is a hollow box, the front of the base unit (1) is covered with an epidermis (11), a sternum (12) is arranged inside, and the base unit is divided into a thoracic cavity position and an abdominal cavity position, characterized in that: It also includes a heart unit (2) located in the chest cavity and fixed inside the sternum (12) and a power pump unit (4) located in the abdominal cavity and fixed below the sternum (12). A circulation unit (3) is connected between the heart unit (2) and the power pump unit (4). The base unit (1) has a silicone card slot (14) fixed to its inner edge, the heart unit (2) comprises a heart (21) and a pericardium (22) sleeved outside the heart (21), the circulation unit (3) comprises a hose (31) simulating a human blood vessel, the hose (31) being fixed in the silicone card slot (14), the power pump unit (4) comprising a hydraulic pump (41) and a pneumatic pump (42) connected to each other, the pneumatic pump (42) being externally connected to a fluid accumulation device (46); The hose (31) connects the heart (21) and the hydraulic pump (41) to form a closed liquid circulation system to achieve blood flow simulation; The hose (31) connects the pericardium (22) and the pneumatic pump (42), and the pneumatic pump (42) and the fluid accumulation device (46) together provide fluid accumulation for the pericardium (22); The hose (31) connected to the hydraulic pump (41) and the hose (31) connected to the pneumatic pump (42) are independent of each other; The effusion device (46) is provided with a balloon (45) connected to the pneumatic pump (42) inside, and an air pressure bottle (43) connected to the balloon (45) is provided outside the effusion device (46). The pneumatic pump (42) is connected to the air pressure bottle (43) to control the amount of gas in the balloon (45) and thus control the amount of effusion entering the pericardium (22). The pneumatic pump (42) provides pressure for the hose (31) connected to the pericardium (22); The fluid accumulation device (46) is provided with a fluid replenishment port (44) for artificially adding fluid, and the storage unit (5) is filled with tools and supplies for maintaining the simulator; The back of the base unit (1) is provided with an upper and lower isolation layer (13), the upper layer is used to fix the puncture drainage unit (6), and the lower layer is provided with a storage unit (5) for placing consumables.

2. The ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection point of the hose (31) of the circulation unit (3) is a spiral interface, and a one-way valve is provided to connect the heart unit (2) and the power pump unit (4).

3. The ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heart (21) and pericardium (22) are encapsulated in a whole in soft silica gel and are closely fitted to the epidermis (11) and sternum (12).

4. The ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base unit (1) is externally connected to a power source (7) for power supply.

5. The method for using the ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis simulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: (1) Preparation stage: The simulator is powered on, and the hydraulic pump (41) drives the blood in the simulator's blood vessels to move in one direction at a uniform speed. During the process of the blood moving in one direction at a uniform speed, check whether there is any abnormality on the outside of the simulator, and use an ultrasonic probe to check whether the blood flow inside the simulator is unobstructed; (2) Pericardial effusion stage Keep the blood flow smooth, turn on the pneumatic pump (42), keep the power pump unit (4) at a positive pressure, adjust the air pressure in the air pressure bottle (43), inflate the balloon (45), and use the fluid collection device (46) to release the accumulated fluid into the pericardium (22); adjust the pneumatic pump (42) to keep the power pump unit (4) at a negative pressure, and draw back the accumulated fluid in the pericardium (22); (3) Puncture stage When the simulator performs pericardial puncture, the simulator is in a supine position, blood flows normally in the hose (31), and there is fluid accumulation in the pericardium (22). An ultrasonic device is connected between the heart unit (2) and the power pump unit (4) outside the base unit (1), and the ultrasonic probe of the ultrasonic device is attached to the epidermis (11) to detect and obtain an ultrasonic image. Under the guidance of the ultrasonic image, the puncture needle of the puncture and drainage unit (6) penetrates the epidermis (11) and then enters the pericardium (22) to drain the accumulated fluid to the outside of the epidermis (11).

Images