A cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis equipment, and in particular to a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell, comprising: a cathode carbon block, a steel rod, a first conductor, and a second conductor; a groove is provided on the cathode carbon block; the steel rod is arranged in the groove; the steel rod and the cathode carbon block are connected by carbon paste or casting; the first conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the first conductor extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extension direction of the groove; the extension length of the first conductor is a predetermined length of one; the first conductor is connected and conducted with the steel rod; the second conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the second conductor extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block to the other end of the groove along the extension direction of the groove; the extension length of the second conductor is a predetermined length of two; the second conductor is connected and conducted with the steel rod. The present invention can improve the distribution of horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis equipment, and in particular to a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell. Background Art

[0002] The Hall-Heroult electrolytic process for producing electrolytic aluminum has a history of more than 100 years. Although its basic principle has not changed much, the capacity and structure of the electrolytic cell have undergone great changes, and many practices and achievements have been made in the technology of large-scale equipment.

[0003] In an aluminum electrolytic cell, the current passes through the anode carbon block and molten electrolyte, aluminum liquid and cathode carbon block in sequence, and then flows out from both sides of the electrolytic cell through the cathode steel rod, and is collected and introduced into the cathode busbar. Since the current always flows through the path with the least resistance, the cathode carbon block and steel rod near the outside of the electrolytic cell carry most of the current, so that the current cannot enter the aluminum liquid vertically, thus generating a very large horizontal current in the aluminum liquid. The electromagnetic force generated by the horizontal current and the magnetic field will cause fluctuations in the aluminum liquid, resulting in unstable production of the electrolytic cell, increased energy consumption, and a bottleneck effect on further reducing the pole distance and cell voltage to save energy. At the same time, the current density on the surface of the cathode carbon block on the outside of the electrolytic cell caused by the horizontal current is much greater than that on the inside. The large difference in the current borne by the cathode carbon block will accelerate its local corrosion and reduce the life of the electrolytic cell.

[0004] The horizontal current distribution in the aluminum liquid is uneven along the length direction of the cathode carbon block, making the current density at the ends of the cathode carbon block the largest, which will reduce the life of the electrolytic cell and is not conducive to the protection of the electrolytic cell. In addition, in modern large-surface multi-point electrolytic cell technology, the cathode and steel bar assembly are often symmetrically designed. Since the busbar arrangement outside the cell is not symmetrical for the electrolytic cell, the symmetry of the furnace on the upstream side A and the downstream side B is poor, and there is a significant difference in the scouring of the furnace bottom and the furnace side by the magnetic fluid, which is easy to cause local damage to the cell lining and affect the life of the electrolytic cell. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, the main purpose of which is to improve the distribution of the horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block, reduce the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid layer, and improve the stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0006] The present invention provides a cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, and another object is to simplify the manufacturing difficulty.

[0007] The present invention provides a cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell. Another purpose is to improve the excessive difference between the two sides by adjusting the sizes of the first conductor and the second conductor according to the cathode conductivity on the A and B sides of the electrolytic cell and the furnace conditions, so as to further improve the stability and life of the electrolytic cell.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] An embodiment of the present invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising: a cathode carbon block, a steel rod, a first conductor, and a second conductor;

[0010] The cathode carbon block is provided with a groove;

[0011] The steel rod is arranged in the groove; the steel rod is connected to the cathode carbon block by carbon paste or casting;

[0012] The first conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the first conductor extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extension direction of the groove; the extension length of the first conductor is a predetermined length one; the first conductor is connected and conducted with the steel rod;

[0013] The second conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the second conductor extends from the middle part of the cathode carbon block along the extension direction of the groove to the other end of the groove; the extension length of the second conductor is a predetermined length of two; the second conductor is connected and conductive to the steel rod.

[0014] Further, the first conductor is arranged on both sides of the steel rod;

[0015] The second conductors are arranged on both sides of the steel rod.

[0016] Furthermore, the cathode carbon block has a first connecting groove; the opening direction of the first connecting groove is consistent with the opening direction of the groove;

[0017] The first conductor is disposed in the first connecting groove;

[0018] The cathode carbon block has a second connecting groove; the opening direction of the second connecting groove is consistent with the opening direction of the groove;

[0019] The second conductor is disposed in the second connecting groove.

[0020] Furthermore, the predetermined length 1 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 of the length of the cathode carbon block;

[0021] The second predetermined length is 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 of the length of the cathode carbon block.

[0022] Furthermore, a plurality of conductive materials are provided at the bottom of the groove;

[0023] The plurality of conductive materials are distributed at intervals from the middle of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove;

[0024] The conductivity of the various conductive materials gradually weakens from the middle of the cathode carbon block along the extension direction of the groove.

[0025] Furthermore, the conductive material is a conductive adhesive layer or a cast metal layer.

[0026] Furthermore, a length ratio of the first conductor to the second conductor is 0.8-1.2:1.

[0027] Furthermore, the depth of the first connecting groove is 5 to 50 mm;

[0028] The depth of the second connecting groove is 5 to 50 mm;

[0029] The end of the first electrical conductor is flush with one side of the steel rod;

[0030] The end of the second electrical conductor is flush with one side of the steel rod.

[0031] Further, the first conductor is a conductive plate structure;

[0032] The second conductor is a conductive plate structure.

[0033] Furthermore, the first conductor is a conductive adhesive layer;

[0034] The second conductor is a conductive adhesive layer.

[0035] By means of the above technical solution, the cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0036] It can improve the distribution of horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block, reduce the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid layer, and improve the stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0037] The structure is simple and the manufacturing is easy.

[0038] According to the cathode conductivity and furnace conditions on the A and B sides of the electrolytic cell, the excessive difference between the two sides can be improved by adjusting the sizes of the first conductor and the second conductor, so as to further improve the stability and life of the electrolytic cell.

[0039] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A-direction schematic diagram;

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB cross-sectional view;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a cathode carbon block in a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] As shown in the figure:

[0045] 1 is a cathode carbon block, 1-1 is a groove, 1-2 is a first connecting groove, 1-3 is a second connecting groove, 2 is a steel rod, 3 is a first conductor, 4 is a paste, and 5 is a second conductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising: a cathode carbon block 1, a steel rod 2, a first conductor 3 and a second conductor 5;

[0048] A groove 1-1 is provided on the cathode carbon block 1; a steel rod 2 is arranged in the groove 1-1; the steel rod 2 and the cathode carbon block 1 are connected by carbon paste or casting;

[0049] The first conductor 3 is arranged on the cathode carbon block 1; the first conductor 3 extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block 1 to one end of the groove 1-1 along the extension direction of the groove 1-1; the extension length of the first conductor 3 is a predetermined length one; the first conductor 3 is connected and conducted with the steel rod 2 to guide the current to the steel rod 2. The predetermined length one can be set to an appropriate length as required.

[0050] The second conductor 5 is arranged on the cathode carbon block 1; the second conductor 5 extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block 1 to the other end of the groove 1-1 along the extension direction of the groove 1-1; the extension length of the second conductor 5 is a predetermined length two; the second conductor 5 is connected and conducted with the steel rod 2 to guide the current to the steel rod 2. The predetermined length two can be set to an appropriate length as needed. The current in the middle of the electrolytic cell is shared by the first conductor 3, the second conductor 5 and the steel rod 2, and the outer part is only borne by the steel rod 2 and is led out of the electrolytic cell body. The first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are located in the middle of the cathode carbon block 1, guiding the current of the cathode carbon block 1 to the middle, so that the current distribution in the middle and both ends of the cathode carbon block 1 is uniform, which will increase the life of the electrolytic cell and is beneficial to the protection of the electrolytic cell.

[0051] An embodiment of the present invention proposes a cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, in which the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 can share the cathode current, so that the current distribution of the cathode carbon block 1 is more uniform, the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid layer is reduced, and the stability of the electrolytic cell is improved. At the same time, by adjusting the size of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5, the difference in cathode conductivity on the A and B sides of the electrolytic cell is adjusted, thereby further improving the stability and life of the electrolytic cell, and ultimately achieving the reduction of energy consumption in aluminum electrolysis.

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention proposes a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, which can improve the distribution of horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block 1, reduce the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid layer, and improve the stability of the electrolytic cell.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, which has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture.

[0054] An embodiment of the present invention proposes a cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell. According to the cathode conductivity on the A and B sides of the electrolytic cell and the furnace conditions, the excessive difference between the two sides of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 can be improved by adjusting the sizes thereof, so as to further improve the stability and life of the electrolytic cell.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the first conductor 3 is arranged on both sides of the steel rod 2; so that both sides of the steel rod 2 are simultaneously connected to the cathode carbon block 1, so as to simultaneously guide the current on the cathode carbon block 1; the second conductor 5 is arranged on both sides of the steel rod 2, so that both sides of the steel rod 2 are simultaneously connected to the cathode carbon block 1, so as to simultaneously guide the current on the cathode carbon block 1.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the cathode carbon block 1 has a first connecting groove 1-2; the opening direction of the first connecting groove 1-2 is consistent with the opening direction of the groove 1-1; the first conductor 3 is arranged in the first connecting groove 1-2; the first conductor 3 is embedded in the first connecting groove 1-2 to fully contact with the cathode carbon block 1 to achieve sufficient conduction current.

[0057] The cathode carbon block 1 has a second connection groove 1-3; the opening direction of the second connection groove 1-3 is consistent with the opening direction of the groove 1-1; the second conductor 5 is arranged in the second connection groove 1-3. The second conductor 5 is embedded in the second connection groove 1-3 to fully contact with the cathode carbon block 1 to achieve sufficient conduction current. In this example, the lengths of the first connection groove 1-2 and the second connection groove 1-3 can be selected to be equal, so as to set the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 of equal length to symmetrically guide the current. The first connection groove 1-2 and the second connection groove 1-3 can be processed by a milling cutter.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the predetermined length 1 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 of the length of the cathode carbon block 1, so as to partially guide the current on the cathode carbon block 1 near the middle of the cathode carbon block 1; so that the current in the middle of the cathode carbon block 1 and the current at the end are evenly distributed;

[0059] The second predetermined length is 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 of the length of the cathode carbon block 1, so as to partially guide the current on the cathode carbon block 1 near the middle of the cathode carbon block 1, so that the current in the middle and the end of the cathode carbon block 1 are evenly distributed.

[0060] It is further preferred that the length ratio of the first conductor 3 to the second conductor 5 is 0.8 to 1.2: 1. The lengths of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are adaptively adjusted according to the cathode conductivity on the A and B sides of the electrolytic cell and the furnace conditions; that is, the data of the predetermined length 1 and the predetermined length 2 are adjusted to maintain an appropriate size ratio to achieve the adjustment of the current on both sides of the cathode carbon block 1, improve the excessive difference between the two sides of the electrolytic cell, and further improve the stability and life of the electrolytic cell.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment of the above, there are two grooves 1-1; the two grooves 1-1 are arranged in parallel; the two grooves 1-1 are spaced apart on the cathode carbon block 1; there are two steel bars 2; the two steel bars 2 are arranged in the grooves 1-1 accordingly. The two steel bars 2 are arranged in parallel to guide the current in a dispersed manner.

[0062] Alternatively, two steel bars 2 are symmetrically arranged in a single groove 1-1; there is a spacing between the two steel bars 2; and the groove 1-1 between the two steel bars 2 is filled with a paste 4. The length of the paste 4 along the extension direction of the groove 1-1 is 80% to 130% of the width of the anode center seam, and is symmetrical about the center line of the cathode carbon block 1. The first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are respectively arranged on both sides of the paste 4, so that the two steel bars 2 are combined with the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 to guide the current to both ends, so that the current is evenly distributed. The first conductor 3 or the second conductor 5 is arranged on both sides of the end of the steel bar 2 close to the middle of the cathode carbon block 1, and the end of the first conductor 3 is flush with the inner end of one steel bar 2; the end of the second conductor 5 is flush with the inner end of the other steel bar 2, so that the current conduction is smooth and evenly distributed.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 are distributed on both sides of the paste 4, and the length of the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 is 5% to 50% of the length of the anode of the electrolytic cell, so that the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 matching the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 can adapt to the anode of the electrolytic cell and work together to guide the current.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, the depth of the first connection groove 1-2 is 5 to 50 mm; the depth of the second connection groove 1-3 is 5 to 50 mm; the depth of the first connection groove 1-2 and the second connection groove 1-3 can be set as needed. The depths of the first connection groove 1-2 and the second connection groove 1-3 can be the same or different. The height of the first conductor 3 is adapted to the first connection groove 1-2; the height of the second conductor 5 is adapted to the second connection groove 1-3; the end of the first conductor 3 is flush with one side of the steel rod 2; the end of the second conductor 5 is flush with one side of the steel rod 2, so that the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are flush with the bottom surface of the cathode carbon block 1 after being welded with the steel rod 2.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment of the above, the first conductor 3 is a conductive plate structure; in this embodiment, the first conductive plate is preferably beveled and welded to the steel rod 2. The second conductor 5 is a conductive plate structure. In this embodiment, the second conductive plate is preferably beveled and welded to the steel rod 2. The conductive plate structure is simple to process, convenient to connect with the cathode carbon block 1, and easy to process conductive plate structures of different sizes, so as to facilitate adjustment of the length and width of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5.

[0066] Alternatively, the first conductor 3 is a conductive adhesive layer; the second conductor 5 is a conductive adhesive layer, which can also achieve the function of guiding current between the cathode carbon block 1 and the steel rod 2.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, a plurality of conductive materials are provided at the bottom of the groove 1-1 for conducting electricity and fixing the cathode carbon block 1 and the steel rod 2. The plurality of conductive materials are distributed at intervals from the middle of the cathode carbon block 1 along the extension direction of the groove 1-1 to one end of the groove 1-1; the conductivity of the plurality of conductive materials gradually weakens from the middle of the cathode carbon block 1 along the extension direction of the groove 1-1, so that the current on the cathode carbon block 1 can be transmitted to the steel rod 2 more evenly. Furthermore, the conductive material is a conductive adhesive layer or a cast metal layer, both of which can realize the transmission of current and the fixation of the steel rod 2.

[0068] Further explanation, although the terms first, second, etc. can be used to describe various elements in this article, these terms should not limit these elements. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, the first element can be called the second element, and, similarly, the second element can be called the first element, and these terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. This does not depart from the scope of exemplary embodiments. Similarly, element one and element two do not represent the order of elements, and these terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell, characterized in that: Comprising: a cathode carbon block, a steel rod, a first conductor and a second conductor; The cathode carbon block is provided with a groove; The steel rod is arranged in the groove; the steel rod is connected to the cathode carbon block by carbon paste or casting; The first conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the first conductor extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extension direction of the groove; the extension length of the first conductor is a predetermined length one; the first conductor is connected and conducted with the steel rod; The second conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the second conductor extends from the middle of the cathode carbon block to the other end of the groove along the extension direction of the groove; the extension length of the second conductor is a predetermined length of two; the second conductor is connected to the steel rod for conduction; The first conductor is arranged on both sides of the steel rod; The second conductor is arranged on both sides of the steel rod; The cathode carbon block has a first connecting groove; the opening direction of the first connecting groove is consistent with the opening direction of the groove; The first conductor is disposed in the first connecting groove; The cathode carbon block has a second connecting groove; the opening direction of the second connecting groove is consistent with the opening direction of the groove; The second conductor is disposed in the second connecting groove; The predetermined length 1 is 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 of the length of the cathode carbon block; The second predetermined length is 1 / 5 to 1 / 2 of the length of the cathode carbon block; The first conductor is a conductive plate structure or a conductive adhesive layer; The second conductor is a conductive plate structure or a conductive adhesive layer.

2. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of conductive materials are disposed at the bottom of the groove; The plurality of conductive materials are distributed at intervals from the middle of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; The conductivity of the various conductive materials gradually weakens from the middle of the cathode carbon block along the extension direction of the groove.

3. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conductive material is a conductive adhesive layer or a cast metal layer.

4. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length ratio of the first conductor to the second conductor is 0.8-1.2:

1.

5. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The depth of the first connecting groove is 5 to 50 mm; The depth of the second connecting groove is 5 to 50 mm; The end of the first electrical conductor is flush with one side of the steel rod; The end of the second electrical conductor is flush with one side of the steel rod.

Images