System and method for cleaning flue gas containing acid components and / or for regenerating acid components contained in flue gas

Abstract

The present application relates to a system for cleaning flue gas (10) containing an acid component (30), and / or for regenerating the acid component (30) contained in the flue gas (10), in particular for treating flue gas of a hydrolysis reactor of an acid solution containing an iron salt, wherein the system comprises an absorber element (1), the system being configured such that the flue gas (10) is fed into the absorber element (1), the absorber element (1) being configured such that—in the absorber element (1)—at least a portion of the acid component (30) is removed from the flue gas (10), wherein the system comprises a cooler element (2), the system being configured such that a first generated flue gas (11) flowing out of the absorber element (1) is fed into the cooler element (2), wherein the cooler element (2) is configured such that—in the cooler element (2)—the first generated flue gas (11) is cooled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a system for cleaning off-gas containing acid components and / or for regenerating off-gas containing acid components, in particular for treating off-gas of a hydrolysis reactor containing an acid solution containing iron salts.

[0002] Furthermore, the application relates to a method for cleaning flue gases containing acid components and / or for regenerating acid components contained in flue gases, in particular flue gases of a hydrolysis reactor for treating an acid solution containing iron salts. Background Art

[0003] In many industrial sectors - such as the steel industry, the galvanizing industry, etc. - waste metal acid solutions containing iron components and potentially non-ferrous metals are generated during the manufacturing process. In particular, these acid solutions occur in various technical processes, such as pickling processes and separation processes of different metal components contained in ores. In the case where acid solutions are undesirable by-products of industrial processes, they are treated or stored for a long time as industrial waste. In recent years, the cost of removing or treating such industrial waste has increased. Moreover, the acid involved is itself relatively expensive. Therefore, in recent years, recovery processes for the acid involved, especially for hydrochloric acid, have been introduced.

[0004] For example, for pickling sludge, a high temperature hydrolysis can be carried out in a reactor / furnace (such as in a jet roaster or a fluidized bed reactor). Thus, solid iron oxide and flue gas (or flue gas) containing evaporated acid are obtained. The flue gas needs to be washed / cleaned and cooled before being released into the environment. At the same time, it is desirable to collect the acid contained in the flue gas so that it can be stored and / or reused.

[0005] Therefore, further improved processes for cleaning flue gases comprising acid components, and / or for regenerating acid components contained in flue gases are desired. Summary of the invention

[0006] Therefore, the object of the present application is to provide an efficient system for cleaning flue gases containing acid components and / or for regenerating acid components contained in flue gases, especially for treating flue gases of hydrolysis reactors containing acid solutions containing iron salts, which system can preferably be flexibly adapted to the available space and conditions on site.

[0007] The object is achieved by a highly efficient system for cleaning flue gases containing acid components and / or for regenerating acid components contained in flue gases, in particular for treating flue gases of a hydrolysis reactor containing an acid solution containing iron salts, wherein the system comprises an absorber element, the system being configured such that the flue gases are fed into the absorber element, the absorber element being configured such that—in the absorber element—at least a portion of the acid components are removed from the flue gases,

[0008] Wherein the system comprises a cooler element, the system is configured such that the first produced flue gas flowing out of the absorber element is fed into the cooler element, wherein the cooler element is configured such that—in the cooler element—the first produced flue gas is cooled.

[0009] Therefore, according to the present application, it is advantageously possible to treat the flue gases using an absorber element and a cooler element. It is thereby possible that the cleaning of the flue gases and the regeneration of the acid components can (mainly) occur in the absorber element, while the further cooling of the flue gases can occur in the cooler element. It is thus possible to achieve a spatial separation of the (mainly) acid regeneration and the final cooling of the flue gases, so that an improved adaptation to local conditions on site can be achieved. For example, it is possible that the absorber element (in particular configured for cleaning the flue gases, and / or removing at least a portion of the acid components from the flue gases) is positioned close to a reactor (such as a hydrolysis reactor), while the cooler element is positioned further away, so that the (final) cooling of the flue gases and the potential release of the cleaned flue gases into the environment are spatially separated from the reactor.

[0010] Advantageously, the system of the present application can be applied to flue gases produced by the hydrolysis (especially pyrolysis) of a variety of different spent acid solutions, such as those produced from waste metal materials, such as precipitation products or leaching products of industrial processes.

[0011] According to the present application, it is in particular conceivable that the acid component comprises hydrochloric acid HCl, or that the acid component is HCl.

[0012] According to the present application, it is in particular conceivable that the acid solution treated in the reactor contains ferric chloride FeCl 3 and / or ferrous chloride FeCl 2 (as iron salt).

[0013] According to the application, it is conceivable to establish a gas flow of the first generated flue gas from the absorber element to the cooler element by means of a pressure difference or a pressure gradient.

[0014] According to the application, it is envisaged that the first generated fumes are fumes generated during the treatment / processing of fumes in the absorber element.

[0015] According to the application, it is envisaged that the second generated fumes are fumes generated during the treatment / processing of the first generated fumes in the cooler element.

[0016] Embodiments of the application are described in the dependent claims.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is preferred that the absorber element (1) and the cooler element (2) are arranged separately from each other, and preferably, the cooler element (2) is positioned between the absorber element (1) and the scrubber element (3).

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is thus advantageously possible to have the cleaning of the flue gas and the regeneration of the acid components take place primarily in an absorber element which is arranged separately from the cooler element.

[0019] Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable that the gas connection between the absorber element and the cooler element comprises at least one pipe or tube, so that the absorber element and the cooler element are connected to each other by means of the pipe or tube. It is conceivable that the gas connection is arranged so that the first generated flue gas flowing out of the absorber element only passes through the gas connection before entering the cooler element. Alternatively, it is possible that the first generated flue gas is guided through several further devices (or only one further device) after it flows out of the absorber element and before it enters the cooler element.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present application, preferably, the system is configured such that the second generated flue gas flowing out of the cooler element is fed into a scrubber element (or Venturi scrubber), in particular a Venturi scrubber, so as to remove particles and / or droplets from the second generated flue gas, in particular before the second generated flue gas is released into the environment.

[0021] Thus, according to an embodiment of the present application, it is possible to perform a fine cleaning of the flue gas flow after it flows out of / leaves the cooler element by means of a scrubber element (or a Venturi scrubber), preferably a Venturi scrubber.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is preferred that the absorber element comprises an adiabatically operated absorption column, in particular an adiabatically operated HCl absorption column.

[0023] It is thereby possible to separate the acid components from the flue gases within the absorber element in a particularly efficient manner. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable to use other types of scrubbers as absorber elements.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present application, the system is configured so that in addition to the flue gas, a first liquid stream is also fed into the absorber element, wherein the absorber element is configured so that the first liquid stream absorbs at least a portion of the acid component from the flue gas, thereby producing a liquid, wherein the liquid comprises regenerated acid, especially regenerated HCl, preferably at a concentration between 15wt% and 21.5wt%, more preferably between 18wt% and 20wt%, wherein preferably, the system is configured so that the liquid containing the regenerated acid is taken out from the absorber element and sent or transported to a storage device.

[0025] Thus, according to an embodiment of the present application, it is advantageously possible to obtain regenerated acid in the absorber element. The regenerated acid can be transferred from the absorber element into a reservoir (e.g., by a pump) so that the regenerated acid can be used again. Thus, a particularly resource-efficient process can be obtained.

[0026] Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable according to an embodiment of the present application that the system (and specifically, the absorber element) is configured such that a first liquid flow is introduced into the absorber element at an upper portion of the absorber element, wherein flue gas is introduced into the absorber element at a lower portion of the absorber element, wherein a flow direction of the first liquid flow within the absorber element is opposite to a flow direction of the flue gas within the absorber element.

[0027] In this context, the terms "upper" and "lower" refer in particular to the installation situation of the absorber element on site. Specifically, with an installed absorber element, the upper part is positioned further from the ground than the lower part.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the application, the absorber element is configured such that between 96% and 99.8%, more preferably between 99.0 and 99.5%, of the acid components contained in the flue gas are removed from the flue gas within the absorber element upon entering the absorber element.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is preferred that, in particular when entering the absorber element, the flue gas has a temperature between 90°C and 105°C, preferably between 95°C and 98°C, and / or in particular when flowing out of the absorber element, the first generated flue gas has a temperature between 80°C and 95°C, preferably between 83°C and 87°C.

[0030] Thereby, it is conceivable to separate the main washing or cleaning step (performed in the absorber element) from the main (final) cooling step taking place in the cooler element.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is preferred that the cooler element comprises a column, in particular a column with a packing.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the application, it is preferred that the cooler element is configured such that—in the cooler element—the first generated flue gas is cooled by means of a second liquid flow fed into the cooler element.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is preferred that, in particular when entering the cooler element, the first generated flue gas has a temperature between 80°C and 95°C, preferably between 83°C and 87°C, and / or in particular when flowing out of the cooler element, the second generated flue gas has a temperature between 40°C and 60°C, preferably between 45°C and 52°C.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present application, preferably, the system is configured so that the second liquid flow is fed into the cooler element at the upper part of the cooler element, wherein the lower part of the cooler element is located below the upper part, wherein the cooler element is configured so that the second liquid flow flows from the upper part to the lower part inside the cooler element, so that a third liquid flow containing at least a portion of the second liquid flow is generated in the lower part of the cooler element, wherein in particular the flow direction of the second liquid flow inside the cooler element is opposite to the flow direction of the first generated flue gas in the cooler element.

[0035] In this context, the terms "upper" and "lower" refer in particular to the installation of the cooler element on site. Specifically, for an installed cooler element, the upper part is positioned farther from the ground (the cooler element is positioned on the ground) than the lower part.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the application, the cooler element is configured such that - when cooling the first generated flue gas in the cooler element -,

[0037] - at least part of the water vapour component contained in the first produced flue gas after the absorber element condenses and is absorbed by the second liquid stream, and / or

[0038] - the second liquid stream absorbs at least a portion of the remaining acid components contained in the first produced flue gas after the absorber element,

[0039] The third liquid stream produced in the lower portion of the cooler element is such that it also comprises at least a portion of the condensed water vapor component and / or a portion of the remaining acid component.

[0040] Thus, according to an embodiment of the present application, it is possible to obtain a third liquid flow in the cooler element, which can be used again as the first liquid flow and / or the second liquid flow in the absorber element and / or the cooler element (or in another system / device). Thus, a particularly efficient process can be established.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present application, preferably, the system is configured such that the third liquid flow is fed into a heat exchanger, in particular a titanium plate heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is configured such that the third liquid flow is cooled by means of the heat exchanger.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present application, it is preferred that the system is configured such that—preferably after the third liquid flow is cooled by the heat exchanger—

[0043] at least part of the cooled third liquid stream is used and / or reused as the second liquid stream and fed to the cooler element for cooling the first generated flue gases, and / or

[0044] - At least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream is used and / or reused as the first liquid stream and fed to the absorber element to absorb at least a portion of the acid components from the flue gas.

[0045] This creates an efficient circulation of the cooling / cleaning liquid.

[0046] According to the present application, it is preferred that the first, second and / or third liquid stream comprises water.

[0047] It is conceivable that, according to an embodiment of the present application, the system / method according to the present application is implemented as a continuous process, so that (new) flue gas continuously enters the absorber element and is further processed.

[0048] Transfer and / or circulation of the different liquid flows (eg first, second and / or third liquid flow) between the different elements, ie absorber elements, cooler elements and scrubber elements (and potentially heat exchangers) may be achieved, for example, by means of one or more pumps.

[0049] Furthermore, the present application relates to a method for cleaning flue gas containing acid components and / or for regenerating acid components contained in flue gas, in particular for treating flue gas of a hydrolysis reactor containing an acid solution containing iron salts, wherein the method comprises at least the following steps:

[0050] - feeding the flue gas into an absorber element, wherein - in the absorber element - at least a portion of the acid components are removed from the flue gas,

[0051] - The first flue gas produced flowing out of the absorber element is fed into a cooler element, wherein - in the cooler element - the first flue gas produced is cooled.

[0052] Advantageously, the method of the present application can be applied to flue gases resulting from a (pyro)hydrolysis step of a wide variety of spent acid solutions, for example resulting from waste metal materials such as precipitation products or leaching products of industrial processes.

[0053] According to the present application, it is in particular conceivable that the acid component comprises hydrochloric acid HCl, and / or that the acid component is HCl.

[0054] According to embodiments of the application, in particular according to embodiments of the method of the application, it is preferred that the absorber element and the cooler element are arranged to be separated from each other, and preferably the cooler element is positioned between the absorber element and the scrubber element.

[0055] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, it is preferred that the second generated flue gas flowing out of the cooler element is fed into a scrubber element, in particular a Venturi scrubber, for removing particles and / or droplets from the second generated flue gas, in particular before releasing the second generated flue gas into the environment.

[0056] According to an embodiment of the application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the application, the absorber element comprises an adiabatically operated absorption column, in particular an adiabatically operated HCl absorption column.

[0057] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, in addition to the flue gas, a first liquid stream is also fed into the absorber element, wherein the first liquid stream absorbs at least a portion of the acid component from the flue gas, thereby producing a liquid, wherein the liquid comprises regenerated acid, in particular regenerated HCl, preferably at a concentration between 15 wt% and 21.5 wt%, more preferably between 18 wt% and 20 wt%, wherein preferably, the liquid containing the regenerated acid is taken out from the absorber element and sent or transported to a storage device.

[0058] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, between 96% and 99.8%, more preferably between 99.0 and 99.5%, of the acid components contained in the flue gas are removed from the flue gas in the absorber element when entering the absorber element.

[0059] According to embodiments of the present application, in particular according to embodiments of the method of the present application, it is preferred that, in particular when entering the absorber element, the flue gas has a temperature between 90°C and 105°C, preferably between 95°C and 98°C, and / or in particular when flowing out of the absorber element, the first generated flue gas has a temperature between 80°C and 95°C, preferably between 83°C and 87°C.

[0060] According to embodiments of the present application, in particular according to embodiments of the method of the present application, it is preferred that the cooler element comprises a column, in particular a column with a packing.

[0061] According to embodiments of the application, in particular according to embodiments of the method of the application, it is preferred that—in the cooler element—the first generated flue gas is cooled by means of a second liquid flow which is fed into the cooler element.

[0062] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, it is preferred that the first flue gas generated, in particular when entering the cooler element, has a temperature between 80°C and 95°C, preferably between 83°C and 87°C, and / or that the second flue gas generated, in particular when flowing out of the cooler element, has a temperature between 40°C and 60°C, preferably between 45°C and 52°C.

[0063] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, it is preferred that the second liquid flow is fed into the cooler element at the upper part of the cooler element, wherein the lower part of the cooler element is located below the upper part, wherein the second liquid flow flows from the upper part to the lower part inside the cooler element, so that a third liquid flow containing at least a part of the second liquid flow is generated in the lower part of the cooler element, wherein in particular the flow direction of the second liquid flow in the cooler element is opposite to the flow direction of the first generated flue gas in the cooler element.

[0064] In this context, the terms "upper" and "lower" refer in particular to the installation of the cooler element on site. Specifically, for an installed cooler element, the upper part is positioned farther from the ground (the cooler element is positioned on the ground) than the lower part.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, it is preferred that - when cooling the first generated flue gas in the cooler element -,

[0066] - at least part of the water vapour component contained in the first produced flue gas after the absorber element condenses and is absorbed by the second liquid stream, and / or

[0067] the second liquid stream absorbs at least a portion of the remaining acid components contained in the first produced flue gas after the absorber element,

[0068] The third liquid stream produced at the lower portion of the cooler element is such that it also contains at least a portion of the condensed water vapor component and / or a portion of the remaining acid component.

[0069] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, it is preferred that the third liquid flow is fed into a heat exchanger, in particular a titanium plate heat exchanger, wherein the third liquid flow is cooled by means of the heat exchanger.

[0070] According to an embodiment of the present application, in particular according to an embodiment of the method of the present application, it is preferred that—preferably after the third liquid flow is cooled by the heat exchanger—

[0071] at least part of the cooled third liquid stream is used and / or reused as the second liquid stream and fed to the cooler element for cooling the first generated flue gases, and / or

[0072] - At least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream is used and / or reused as the first liquid stream and fed to the absorber element to absorb at least a portion of the acid components from the flue gas.

[0073] Features, embodiments, and advantages described in the context of the method of the present application or in the context of an embodiment of the method of the present application may also be applied to the system of the present application. Features, embodiments, and advantages described in the context of the system of the present application or in the context of an embodiment of the system of the present application may also be applied to the method of the present application.

[0074] These and other features, characteristics and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the principles of the present application by way of example. The description is given for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the scope of the present application. The reference figures cited below refer to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] Figure 1 A system according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically illustrated.

[0076] Figure 2 A system according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically illustrated.

[0077] Figure 3 A system according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The present application will be described with respect to specific embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, but the application is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The drawings described are only schematic and non-limiting. In the drawings, for illustrative purposes, the size of some elements may be exaggerated and not drawn to scale.

[0079] When an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun, for example "a", "an", "the", this includes the plural of that noun as well, unless something else is specifically stated.

[0080] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in the specification and claims are used to distinguish similar elements and are not necessarily used to describe a sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be operated in a sequence different from that described or shown herein.

[0081] exist Figure 1A system for cleaning flue gas 10 containing an acid component 30 and / or for regenerating the acid component 30 contained in the flue gas 10 according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown. The system comprises an absorber element 1 and a cooler element 2, wherein the cooler element 2 is arranged to be separated from the absorber element 1 downstream (with respect to the flow direction of the flue gas 10) of the absorber element 1. Preferably, the absorber element 1 comprises an adiabatic column 1', or an adiabatic column scrubber. The first liquid stream 21 fed into the absorber element 1 is used to clean the flue gas 10 in the absorber element 1. Thus, the acid component 30, or at least a portion of the acid component 30, is separated from the flue gas 10 entering the absorber element 1 inside the absorber element 1. With the aid of the first liquid stream 21 and the acid component 30 removed from the flue gas 10 and absorbed by the first liquid stream 21, a liquid 40, especially a regenerated acid, is obtained / produced in the absorber element 1. The regenerated acid 40 can be taken out from the absorber element 1 for further use. After the flue gas 10 has been cleaned / washed in the absorber element 1, the flue gas in the form of first produced flue gas 11 flows out of the absorber element 1. By means of a gas connection 6 comprising a duct or pipe 7, the first produced flue gas 11 is led to the cooler element 2 and fed into the cooler element 2. The cooler element 2 comprises a column 2' filled with a filler 2". The first generated flue gas 11 is cooled inside the cooler element 2 by means of a second liquid stream 22 fed into the cooler element 2. At the same time, at least a portion of the remaining acid components still contained in the first generated flue gas 11 when entering the second scrubber 2 is separated from the first generated flue gas 11 in the second scrubber 2 and absorbed by the second liquid stream 22. Thereby, the acid concentration in the first generated flue gas 11 is further reduced inside the cooler element 2. Preferably, the exhausted flue gas (especially the first generated flue gas 11) is cooled to below 50°C in the cooler element 2 before leaving the cooler element 2. At the same time, the flow rate (of the first generated flue gas 11) is reduced to about 50% in the cooler element 2. When flowing out of the cooler element 2, the exhausted flue gas is referred to as the second generated flue gas 12, which is generated after the cooler element 2. Wherein, the second generated flue gas 12 preferably has a temperature below 50°C.

[0082] Preferably, the process of cooling the first generated flue gas 11 within the cooler element 2 is as follows. The first generated flue gas 11 is forced into the lower section of the column 2' by means of low pressure. The first generated flue gas 11 passes through the packing 2" in the column 2' to reach the top of the column 2'. At the same time, a second liquid stream 22 (especially containing water or mainly consisting of water) is spread onto the packing 2" at the top of the column 2'. The second liquid stream 22 flows in a countercurrent direction to the first generated flue gas 11 flowing through the packing 2", which increases the contact surface between the first generated flue gas 11 and the second liquid stream 22 so that improved heat exchange can occur and the first generated flue gas 11 is efficiently cooled. In this process, water (especially the second liquid stream 22) is heated. Hot water is collected at the bottom of the column 2', especially hot water containing at least a portion of the second liquid stream 22 and a portion of the remaining acid components separated from the first generated flue gas inside the cooler element 2, to form a third liquid stream 23 at the bottom of the column 2'. Starting from the bottom of the column 2', The third liquid stream 23 is pumped into a heat exchanger 60, preferably a titanium plate heat exchanger. Within the heat exchanger 60, the third liquid stream 23 is cooled. At least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream 24 is reused as the second liquid stream 22 and pumped to the cooler element 2 to (further) cool the first produced flue gas 11. Additionally (or alternatively), at least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream 24 is reused as the first liquid component 21 and pumped to the absorber element 1 to absorb at least a portion of the (further) acid component 30 from the (further) flue gas 10. Thus, an improved and efficient water cycle is established.

[0083] Preferably, the first, second and third liquid streams 21, 22, 23, 24 comprise water. Preferably, the acid component 30 comprised in the flue gas 10 (and the regenerated acid 40 and the acid component remaining in the first produced flue gas 11 after the absorber element 1) is hydrochloric acid HCl.

[0084] exist Figure 2 A system according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. Figure 2 The embodiment shown in is similar to Figure 1, and further comprises the following features / improvements. The second produced flue gas 12 flowing out of the cooler element 2 is fed into a scrubber element 3 (or a venturi scrubber). In particular, the scrubber element is a venturi scrubber 3. Remaining water droplets and dust particles containing HCl are removed from the gas flow (i.e. from the second produced flue gas 12) by the scrubber element / venturi scrubber 3 located downstream. After fine washing / cleaning in the venturi scrubber 3, the produced cleaned flue gas 14 can be released. It is conceivable that a portion of the cooled third liquid stream 24 is fed into the scrubber element 3 and used in the scrubber element 3. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a portion of the cooled third liquid stream 24 is fed into the scrubber element 3 as a third liquid stream 26 fed into the scrubber element 3.

[0085] Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable that a portion (or all) of the resulting flue gas components 25 exiting the scrubber element 3 is fed to the cooler element 2 for a further cooling and / or cleaning step.

[0086] exist Figure 3 A system according to an embodiment of the present application is schematically shown in FIG. Figure 3 The embodiment shown in is similar to Figure 2 , and further include the following features / improvements. A hydrolysis reactor 100, in particular a high-temperature hydrolysis reactor, such as a jet roaster or a fluidized bed reactor, in particular for treating an acid solution containing iron salts, is schematically shown. Other types of reactors 100 may also be used. Flue gas 10 is generated or formed in the reactor 100. According to some embodiments of the present application, the flue gas 10 flowing out of the reactor 100 may (or may not) be directed through other equipment before being fed into the absorber element 1. In addition, a reservoir 50 for storing liquid 40, in particular the regenerated acid 40 formed in the absorber element 1, is schematically shown. The regenerated acid 40 can be transferred from the absorber element 1 to the reservoir 50, for example, by means of a pump.

[0087] Reference numerals

[0088] 1 Absorber element

[0089] 1' post

[0090] 2 Cooler element

[0091] 2' post

[0092] 2” Packing

[0093] 3 Scrubber elements

[0094] 6 Gas connections

[0095] 7 Pipe or tube

[0096] 10 Smoke

[0097] 11 First generated smoke

[0098] 12 Second smoke generated

[0099] 14 Cleaned flue gas

[0100] 21 First liquid flow

[0101] 22 Second liquid flow

[0102] 23 Third Liquid Flow

[0103] 24 The third liquid flow to be cooled

[0104] 25 Smoke components produced

[0105] 26 The third liquid stream fed to the scrubber element

[0106] 30 Acid components

[0107] 40 Liquid

[0108] 50 Storage

[0109] 60 Heat exchanger

[0110] 100 Reactors

Claims

1. A system for cleaning flue gases containing acid components (30), and / or for regenerating acid components (30) contained in flue gases, wherein the system comprises an absorber element (1), wherein the system is configured such that the flue gases and a first liquid stream (21) are fed into the absorber element (1), wherein the absorber element (1) is configured such that at least a portion of the acid components (30) are removed from the flue gases in the absorber element (1) by the first liquid stream (21), It is characterized in that The system comprises a cooler element (2), the system being configured such that the first generated flue gas flowing out of the absorber element (1) is fed into the cooler element (2), wherein the cooler element (2) is configured such that the first generated flue gas is cooled in the cooler element (2), the cooler element (2) comprising a column (2'), the column (2') having a filler (2"), wherein the cooler element (2) is configured such that the first produced flue gas is cooled in the cooler element (2) by means of a second liquid stream (22) fed into the cooler element (2), the second liquid stream (22) absorbing at least a portion of the remaining acid components (30) from the first produced flue gas, wherein the system is configured such that the second liquid flow (22) is fed into the cooler element (2) at the upper part of the cooler element (2), wherein the lower part of the cooler element (2) is located below the upper part, wherein the cooler element (2) is configured such that the second liquid flow (22) flows from the upper part to the lower part in the cooler element (2), so that a third liquid flow containing at least a portion of the second liquid flow (22) is generated in the lower part of the cooler element (2), wherein the flow direction of the second liquid flow (22) in the cooler element (2) is opposite to the flow direction of the first generated flue gas in the cooler element (2), wherein the system is configured such that the second produced flue gas exiting the cooler element (2) is fed into a venturi scrubber for removing particles and / or droplets from the second produced flue gas before releasing the second produced flue gas into the environment; The system is configured such that the third liquid stream is fed into the heat exchanger (60) and after the third liquid stream is cooled by the heat exchanger (60), at least a portion of the cooled third liquid flow is used and / or reused as the second liquid flow (22) and fed to the cooler element (2) to cool the first generated flue gas, and / or at least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream is used and / or reused as the first liquid stream (21) and fed to the absorber element (1) to absorb at least a portion of the acid component (30) from the flue gas, and / or - At least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream is used and / or reused as the third liquid stream and fed into the venturi scrubber to absorb at least a portion of the remaining acid components (30) from the second produced flue gas.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The absorber element (1) and the cooler element (2) are arranged separately from each other, and the cooler element (2) is positioned between the absorber element (1) and the venturi scrubber.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The absorber element (1) comprises an adiabatically operated absorption column (1').

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The adiabatically operated absorption column (1') is an adiabatically operated HCl absorption column.

5. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The absorber element (1) is configured such that the first liquid stream (21) absorbs at least a portion of the acid component (30) from the flue gas, thereby producing a liquid (40), wherein the liquid (40) comprises a regenerated acid at a concentration between 15 wt% and 21.5 wt%, Therein, the system is configured such that the liquid (40) containing the regenerated acid is withdrawn from the absorber element (1) and sent or conveyed to a storage (50).

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that The liquid (40) comprises regenerated acid at a concentration between 18 wt% and 20 wt%.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The regenerated acid is regenerated HCl.

8. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The absorber element (1) is configured such that between 96% and 99.8% of the acid components (30) contained in the flue gas upon entering the absorber element (1) are removed from the flue gas within the absorber element (1).

9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that The absorber element (1) is configured such that between 99.0% and 99.5% of the acid components (30) contained in the flue gas upon entering the absorber element (1) are removed from the flue gas within the absorber element (1).

10. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When entering the absorber element (1), the flue gas has a temperature between 90°C and 105°C, and / or When exiting the absorber element (1), the first produced flue gas has a temperature between 80°C and 95°C.

11. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that When entering the absorber element (1), the flue gas has a temperature between 95°C and 98°C, and / or When exiting the absorber element (1), the first produced flue gas has a temperature between 83°C and 87°C.

12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that When entering the cooler element (2), the first produced flue gas has a temperature between 80°C and 95°C, and / or When exiting the cooler element (2), the second produced flue gas has a temperature between 40°C and 60°C.

13. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that When entering the cooler element (2), the first produced flue gas has a temperature between 83°C and 87°C, and / or When exiting the cooler element (2), the second produced flue gas has a temperature between 45°C and 52°C.

14. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cooler element (2) is configured such that when the first generated flue gas is cooled in the cooler element (2), at least part of the water vapour component contained in the first produced flue gas after the absorber element (1) condenses and is absorbed by the second liquid stream (22), and / or the second liquid stream (22) absorbs at least a portion of the remaining acid components contained in the first produced flue gas after the absorber element (1), Such that the third liquid stream produced at the lower portion of the cooler element (2) also contains at least a portion of the condensed water vapor component and / or a portion of the remaining acid component.

15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that The heat exchanger (60) is a titanium plate heat exchanger.

16. A method for cleaning flue gas containing acid components (30) and / or for regenerating acid components (30) contained in flue gas, characterized in that The method comprises at least the following steps: - feeding the flue gas and a first liquid stream (21) into an absorber element (1), wherein, in the absorber element (1), at least a portion of the acid component (30) is removed from the flue gas by means of the first liquid stream (21), - passing the first generated flue gas flowing out of the absorber element (1) into a cooler element (2), wherein the first generated flue gas is cooled in the cooler element (2), the cooler element (2) comprising a column (2'), the column (2') having a packing (2"), - sending the cooled second produced flue gas flowing out of the cooler element (2) to a venturi scrubber, wherein, in the venturi scrubber, the remaining acid components (30) are removed and particles and / or droplets are removed from the second produced flue gas before the second produced flue gas is released into the environment, wherein, in the cooler element (2), the first produced flue gas is cooled by means of a second liquid stream (22) fed into the cooler element (2), the second liquid stream (22) absorbing at least a portion of the remaining acid components (30) from the first produced flue gas, wherein the second liquid flow (22) is introduced into the cooler element (2) at the upper part of the cooler element (2), wherein the lower part of the cooler element (2) is located below the upper part, wherein the second liquid flow (22) flows from the upper part to the lower part in the cooler element (2), so that a third liquid flow containing at least a part of the second liquid flow (22) is generated in the lower part of the cooler element (2), wherein the flow direction of the second liquid flow (22) in the cooler element (2) is opposite to the flow direction of the first generated flue gas in the cooler element (2), wherein the third liquid flow is sent to the heat exchanger (60) and after the third liquid flow is cooled by the heat exchanger (60), - using and / or reusing at least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream as the second liquid stream (22) and feeding it to the cooler element (2) to cool the first generated flue gas, and / or - using and / or reusing at least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream as the first liquid stream (21) and feeding it to the absorber element (1) to absorb at least a portion of the acid component (30) from the flue gas, and / or - using and / or reusing at least a portion of the cooled third liquid stream as the third liquid stream and feeding it into the venturi scrubber to absorb at least a portion of the remaining acid component (30) from the second generated flue gas.

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