A tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tool capable of processing curved surface special-shaped holes, comprising a base, a plurality of guide strips are arranged at the front end of the base, a rotating blade that rotates relative to the base is arranged in the middle of the base, the rotating shaft of the rotating blade is perpendicular to the axis of the base, a curved hole guide block is arranged at the rear end of the base, a water inlet hole for increasing water pressure is arranged on the curved hole guide block, a connecting portion is arranged at the rear end of the curved hole guide block, a water inlet groove is arranged at the lower part of the base, and a first chip removal hole and a second chip removal hole are arranged on the front end surface of the base. The curved hole guide block in the present invention is conducive to the positioning of the tool; the installation of ball bearings can avoid the friction between the rotating blades and the bearing fixed shaft during the rotation process, and ensure that the rotating blades rotate normally under the impact of water flow; the rotating blades are easy to disassemble and replace; the water inlet hole converts the water input by the water pump into a high-pressure water column, which impacts the arc surface of the inner wall of the rotating blade, so that the rotating blade rotates around the bearing fixed shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of special deep hole processing and manufacturing, and in particular to a tool capable of processing curved surface special-shaped holes. Background Art

[0002] Deep hole processing plays a very important role in the field of industrial manufacturing, accounting for 40% of the total hole processing, and is an important part of mechanical processing. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, higher requirements are put forward for deep hole processing, among which small deep holes As well as the widespread application of special-shaped holes (square holes, elliptical holes, etc.), it has become the key process and manufacturing difficulty of deep hole processing.

[0003] Arc plasma is a special form of electric arc, which has the characteristics of high temperature and high energy flux density. There are three ways to generate plasma, among which discharge ionization, that is, the discharge of gas or liquid under the action of electric field to generate plasma, is the most commonly used method in industrial processing. Arc plasma is a new type of electrical processing achievement. It uses the physical process of instantaneous pulse discharge of large current and small voltage to process some commonly used typical difficult-to-process materials (such as titanium alloy, stainless steel, nickel-based alloy, etc.), and has the characteristics of wide processing range and high efficiency. The principle of arc plasma processing mainly uses two electrodes, the workpiece is the anode and the tool is the cathode connected to a pulsed DC power supply. The plasma is generated by discharge ionization to melt or vaporize the surface material of the workpiece. Under the circulation of cooling water, the metal iron chips are taken away and the workpiece and tool are cooled.

[0004] It is usually difficult or even impossible to use conventional mechanical processing methods to process special-shaped deep holes on high-hardness and high-strength parts such as high-temperature alloys, cemented carbides, and heat-resistant steel. The existing production technology mostly uses the electrospark forming method. Through holes can also be processed by electrospark machining wire holes, and then the special-shaped holes are formed by electrospark wire cutting. Compared with arc plasma machining, this machining method has very low machining efficiency, large tool loss, and low machining accuracy.

[0005] The special-shaped hole cutter in the prior art has poor stability, lacks a positioning device, has large wear and tear on the processed parts, and is difficult to replace. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tool that can process curved surface special-shaped holes, so as to solve the problems of difficult-to-process materials processing, complex special-shaped hole forming, poor tool stability, lack of positioning device, large loss of processing parts and difficulty in replacement.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes, comprising a base body, a plurality of guide strips being arranged at the front end of the base body, a rotating blade being arranged in the middle of the base body and rotating relative to the base body, the rotating shaft of the rotating blade being perpendicular to the axis of the base body, a curved surface hole guide block being arranged at the rear end of the base body, a small water inlet hole for increasing water pressure being arranged on the curved surface hole guide block, a connecting portion being arranged at the rear end of the curved surface hole guide block, a water inlet groove being arranged at the lower part of the base body, and a first chip removal hole and a second chip removal hole being arranged on the front end surface of the base body.

[0009] Furthermore, a groove is provided in the middle of the base, a bearing fixing shaft is provided in the middle of the groove, a ball bearing is provided on the bearing fixing shaft, the rotating blade is mounted on the ball bearing, and the rotating blade rotates around the bearing fixing shaft; when working, the rotating blade serves as the main part of the cathode and performs electrical discharge machining with the workpiece.

[0010] Furthermore, the front end of the base is set to be cylindrical, the number of the guide bars is four and they are evenly arranged on the circumference of the base, the four guide bars are parallel to the axis of the base, and the material of the guide bars is wear-resistant rubber.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotating blade is configured as a disc structure with an arc-shaped surface, a plurality of rotating grooves are evenly opened on the surface of the rotating blade, the inner side wall of the rotating groove is configured as an arc surface, and the water flow ejected from the water inlet hole impacts the arc surface to generate torque to drive the rotating blade to rotate counterclockwise.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting portion is provided with a thread for connecting the knife rod.

[0013] Furthermore, the connecting portion and the knife rod can be welded together.

[0014] Furthermore, the water inlet groove is parallel to the axis of the base, the number of the water inlet grooves is two, and the included angle between the center lines of the two water inlet grooves is 66° to 110°.

[0015] Furthermore, the second chip removal hole is a through hole that penetrates the cylindrical shape at the front end of the base body and is communicated with the groove. The second chip removal hole is located radially above the first chip removal hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the first chip removal hole penetrates the base body, and the first chip removal hole extends from the front end surface to the rear end surface of the base body.

[0017] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole is determined according to the amount of water required to cool the rotating blades and the thrust for driving the rotating blades to rotate.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The present invention discloses a tool capable of processing curved surface special-shaped holes, comprising a guide strip, a curved surface hole guide block, a rotating blade, a ball bearing, a thread, a bearing fixing shaft and a base. The curved surface hole guide block provides a water inlet channel for the rotation of the blade, and secondly can ensure the stability of the rotating blade during the processing, which is beneficial to the positioning of the tool; the rotating blade is a main component for discharge, which is easy to disassemble and replace; by installing the ball bearing, the friction between the rotating blade and the bearing fixing shaft during the rotation process can be avoided, so that the rotating blade can rotate normally under the impact of water flow; the setting of the thread makes it convenient to connect the tool and the tool rod; the function of the water inlet hole is to convert the water input by the water pump into a high-pressure water column , the high-pressure water column impacts the arc surface of the inner wall of the rotating blade, so that the rotating blade rotates around the fixed axis of the bearing; the front end of the base is provided with four guide strips, and the rear end is provided with a curved hole guide block, which can well solve the positioning problem of the tool; the overall structure of the present invention is simple and practical, easy to maintain, and can process curved surface special-shaped deep holes. Compared with electric spark wire cutting, the processing time is greatly shortened, and the processing quality can be guaranteed at the same time; during the processing, there is no mechanical cutting force between the workpiece being processed and the tool, but a certain gap is maintained, and the cutting purpose is achieved by plasma etching generated by discharge, and the workpiece being processed will not produce cutting plastic deformation, thereby improving the processing efficiency and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating blade of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ball bearing structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the matrix structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hole type of the curved special-shaped hole;

[0026] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Guide strip; 2. Curved hole guide block; 3. Rotating blade; 4. Ball bearing; 5. First chip removal hole; 6. Water inlet groove; 7. Water inlet hole; 8. Thread; 9. Bearing fixing shaft; 10. Second chip removal hole; 11. Base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] like Figure 1-4As shown, a tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes comprises a base 11, a plurality of guide strips 1 are arranged at the front end of the base 11, a rotating blade 3 which rotates relative to the base 11 is arranged in the middle of the base 11, the rotating shaft of the rotating blade 3 is perpendicular to the axis of the base 11, a curved hole guide block 2 is arranged at the rear end of the base 11, a water inlet hole 7 for increasing water pressure is arranged on the curved hole guide block 2, a connecting portion is arranged at the rear end of the curved hole guide block 2, a water inlet groove 6 is opened at the lower part of the base 11, and a first chip removal hole 5 and a second chip removal hole 10 are arranged on the front end face of the base 11; the arrangement of the curved hole guide block 2 can provide a water inlet channel for the rotation of the blade on the one hand, and can secondly ensure the stability of the rotating blade 3 during the machining process, which is beneficial to the positioning of the tool.

[0028] Specifically, if Figure 4 As shown, a groove is provided in the middle of the base 11, a bearing fixing shaft 9 is provided in the middle of the groove, a ball bearing 4 is provided on the bearing fixing shaft 9, the rotating blade 3 is mounted on the ball bearing 4, and the rotating blade 3 rotates around the bearing fixing shaft 9; when working, the rotating blade 3 acts as the main part of the cathode to perform electrical discharge machining with the workpiece; the rotating blade 3, as the main component of the discharge, is easy to disassemble and replace; by installing the ball bearing 4, the friction between the rotating blade 3 and the bearing fixing shaft 9 during the rotation process can be avoided, and secondly, the normal rotation of the rotating blade 3 under the impact of the water flow can be ensured.

[0029] The front end of the base 11 is set to be cylindrical, the number of the guide strips 1 is four and they are evenly arranged on the circumference of the base 11, the four guide strips 1 are parallel to the axis of the base 11, and the material of the guide strip 1 is wear-resistant rubber; four mounting grooves are set on the cylinder, the guide strip 1 is tightly matched with the mounting groove, and the matching gap is filled and fixed with a conventional adhesive; four guide strips 1 are set at the front end of the base 11, and a curved hole guide block 2 is set at the rear end, which can well solve the positioning problem of the tool.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the rotating blade 3 is configured as a disc structure with an arc-shaped surface, and a plurality of rotating grooves are evenly opened on the surface of the rotating blade 3. The inner side wall of the rotating groove is configured as an arc surface, and the water flow ejected from the water inlet hole 7 impacts the arc surface to generate torque to drive the rotating blade 3 to rotate counterclockwise.

[0031] The connection part is provided with a thread 8 for connecting to the tool rod. The connection part can also be connected to the tool rod by welding. The connection part and the tool rod can also be connected by other means. The provision of the thread 8 makes it more convenient to connect the tool and the tool rod.

[0032] The water inlet groove 6 is parallel to the axis of the base 11 , there are two water inlet grooves 6 , and the included angle between the center lines of the two water inlet grooves 6 is 66° to 110°.

[0033] The second chip removal hole 10 is a through hole that penetrates the cylindrical front end of the base 11 and communicates with the groove. The second chip removal hole 10 is located radially above the first chip removal hole 5. The second chip removal hole 10 has both chip removal and water drainage functions.

[0034] The first chip removal hole 5 passes through the base 11, and the first chip removal hole 5 extends from the front end face of the base 11 to the rear end face; the first chip removal hole 5 is mainly used to discharge metal chips, and at the same time, discharge the water entering through the water inlet groove 6 from the inside of the tool base to the rear of the thread 8.

[0035] The cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole 7 is determined according to the amount of water required to cool the rotating blades 3 and the thrust for driving the rotating blades 3 to rotate; the diameter of the water inlet hole 7 is in the range of 3 mm to 4 mm, and the diameter cannot be too large, otherwise the curved surface guide block 2 will experience stress concentration, and if the diameter is too small, the amount of water intake will be insufficient. The user can determine the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole 7 according to actual production needs.

[0036] The curved surface special-shaped hole processed by the present invention is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0037] The action process of the present invention is as follows:

[0038] Step 1: The tool adopts a linear feed system (feed setting 3-4.5mm / r), the tool is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the workpiece is connected to the positive pole of the power supply; Step 2: A blind hole is pre-processed on the workpiece to be processed; Step 3: The front end of the tool is positioned in the blind hole; Step 4: The tool is connected to the tool rod through a thread 8; Step 5: The tool is in a closed box, and water is input by a water pump. The water pressure is adjusted to 0.2 MPa. After passing through the water inlet hole 7, the water becomes a high-pressure water column. The high-pressure water column pushes the rotating blade 3 to rotate counterclockwise. When the distance between the rotating blade 3 and the workpiece reaches the discharge gap, the cooling water It will be instantly broken down and discharged, generating plasma to melt or even vaporize the workpiece surface material, and under the action of cooling water, it will condense into metal ball particles, that is, the iron chips produced by processing. The water injected into the water inlet hole 7 impacts the rotating blade 3 to rotate on the one hand, and cools the rotating blade 3 and the workpiece on the other hand, and then the iron chips and water flow out from the second chip removal hole 10; step six, the water input by the water pump flows from the water inlet groove 6 to the front end of the tool, and merges with the water coming out of the second chip removal hole 10, and the iron chips and water are discharged from the inside of the base 11 to the rear of the thread 8 through the first chip removal hole 5, completing the processing of the curved surface special-shaped hole.

[0039] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (11), a plurality of guide strips (1) are arranged at the front end of the base (11), a rotating blade (3) is arranged in the middle of the base (11) and is rotatable relative to the base (11), the rotating shaft of the rotating blade (3) is perpendicular to the axis of the base (11), a curved hole guide block (2) is arranged at the rear end of the base (11), a water inlet hole (7) for increasing water pressure is arranged on the curved hole guide block (2), the rotating blade (3) is arranged in a disc structure with an arc surface, a plurality of rotating grooves are evenly arranged on the surface of the rotating blade (3), and the rotating blade (3) is provided with a plurality of rotating grooves. The inner side wall of the rotating groove is set as an arc surface, the water inlet hole (7) penetrates the curved hole guide block (2), the water inlet hole (7) and the rotating groove are at the same height, the water flow ejected from the water inlet hole (7) impacts the curved surface to generate torque to drive the rotating blade (3) to rotate counterclockwise, the rear end of the curved hole guide block (2) is provided with a connecting part, the lower part of the base (11) is provided with a water inlet groove (6), the water inlet groove (6) is parallel to the axis of the base (11), the middle of the base (11) is provided with a groove, and the front end surface of the base (11) is provided with a first The chip removal hole (5) and the second chip removal hole (10), the second chip removal hole (10) is a through hole and penetrates the cylindrical front end of the base (11) and communicates with the groove, the second chip removal hole (10) is located radially above the first chip removal hole (5), the first chip removal hole (5) penetrates the base (11), and the first chip removal hole (5) extends from the front end surface to the end end surface of the base (11); the tool is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, the workpiece is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, the rotating blade (3) is used as the main part of the cathode to perform discharge machining with the workpiece, and the space between the rotating blade (3) and the workpiece is When the distance reaches the discharge gap, the cooling water will be instantly broken down and discharged, generating plasma to melt or even vaporize the workpiece surface material. Under the action of the cooling water, the material will condense into metal ball particles, i.e., iron chips generated by processing. The water injected from the water inlet hole (7) and the iron chips generated by processing will flow out from the second chip removal hole (10). The water input by the water pump will flow into the front end of the tool from the water inlet groove (6) and merge with the water coming out of the second chip removal hole (10). The iron chips and water will be discharged from the inside of the base (11) to the rear of the connecting part through the first chip removal hole (5), thereby completing the processing of the curved surface special-shaped hole.

2. The tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing fixing shaft (9) is arranged in the middle of the groove, a ball bearing (4) is arranged on the bearing fixing shaft (9), the rotating blade (3) is mounted on the ball bearing (4), and the rotating blade (3) rotates around the bearing fixing shaft (9).

3. The tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the base (11) is arranged in a cylindrical shape. The number of the guide strips (1) is four and they are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the base (11). The four guide strips (1) are parallel to the axis of the base (11). The material of the guide strips (1) is wear-resistant rubber.

4. The tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting portion is provided with a thread (8) for connecting with the knife rod.

5. The tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting portion and the knife rod can be connected by welding.

6. The tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the water inlet grooves (6) is two, and the included angle between the midlines of the two water inlet grooves (6) is 66° to 110°.

7. The tool capable of machining curved surface special-shaped holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole (7) is determined according to the amount of water required to cool the rotating blade (3) and the thrust for driving the rotating blade (3) to rotate.

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