Method and device for learning fine dust emissions in a driving operation of a vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for ascertaining fine dust emissions in the driving operation of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. According to the invention, the device has a sensor system and a controller and the sensor system and the controller jointly assume the function of a fine dust sensor in the driving operation. Here, the sensor system senses driving operation values at the vehicle. The controller estimates the fine dust emissions from the tire wear of the vehicle from the sensed driving operation values and from an association of driving operation values and fine dust values which has been ascertained previously and stored in the controller. Finally, the invention relates to a vehicle with a device according to the invention.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to a method for ascertaining fine dust emissions in the driving operation of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a device for ascertaining fine dust emissions from tire wear in the driving operation of a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 17. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a vehicle with the device according to claim 21. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the ambient air of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, moving in road traffic, there is generally fine dust, which, when this fine dust enters the interior space of the vehicle and is inhaled, for example, by the driver of the vehicle, is harmful to health in varying degrees depending on the concentration and the particle size. The air from the surroundings of the vehicle, which is inhaled into the interior space of the vehicle, is therefore generally cleaned, for example, by a fine dust filter, as is explained in DE 20 2006 019 335 U1. It is often also desirable to recognize the fine dust concentration in the air in the surroundings of the vehicle and in the air in the interior space of the vehicle in order to be able to decide whether air from the surroundings should be blown into the interior space of the vehicle or whether ventilation of the vehicle interior should be carried out in a recirculation air operation. It is known for this purpose to provide a fine dust sensor, which detects the fine dust in the air. Such an arrangement of a fine dust sensor is known, for example, from DE 10 2008 014 401 A1. Here, particles with a particle size of less than 1.0 to 0.5 , preferably 0.3 to 0.5 are detected.

[0003] It is further known that the vehicle itself can be a source of fine dust. The exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine in particular cause fine dust emissions in the driving operation of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. It is known from DE 10 2016 108 030 A1 that this fine dust emission from the exhaust gases has to be measured by means of a fine dust sensor.

[0004] Another important source of fine dust emissions in the driving operation of a vehicle is tire wear at the tires of the vehicle. It is therefore desirable to also recognize the fine dust emissions from tire wear generated in the driving operation of a vehicle. But the measurement by means of a fine dust sensor is expensive, in particular because a vehicle usually has at least four tires arranged at different locations, wherein a fine dust sensor has to be arranged at each tire. SUMMARY

[0005] It is therefore the task of the present application to ascertain the emission of fine dust from tire wear in the driving operation of a vehicle in a more cost-effective manner.

[0006] The task is solved by a method for ascertaining the emission of fine dust in the driving operation of a vehicle according to claim 1 and a device for ascertaining the emission of fine dust from tire wear in the driving operation of a vehicle according to claim 17. In the method for ascertaining the emission of fine dust in the driving operation of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, it is provided according to the application that a sensor system of the vehicle and a controller of the vehicle jointly assume the function of a fine dust sensor in the driving operation, wherein the sensor system senses driving operation values at the vehicle and wherein the controller estimates the emission of fine dust from tire wear of the vehicle from the sensed driving operation values and from an association of driving operation values and fine dust values which have been ascertained previously and stored in the controller.

[0007] In the device for ascertaining the emission of fine dust in the driving operation of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, it is provided according to the application that the device has a sensor system and a controller which are constructed and wired such that they jointly assume the function of a fine dust sensor in the driving operation, wherein the sensor system is constructed for sensing driving operation values at the vehicle and wherein the controller is constructed for estimating the emission of fine dust from tire wear of the vehicle from the sensed driving operation values and from an association of driving operation values and fine dust values which have been ascertained previously and stored in the controller.

[0008] The task is further solved by a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with a device according to claim 21 for estimating the emission of fine dust in the driving operation of a vehicle according to the application.

[0009] The application is based on the recognition that the emission of fine dust at the tires of a vehicle changes depending on different operating conditions in the driving operation. The application is further based on the recognition that these operating conditions can be identified from driving operation values of different sensors installed at the vehicle. The application is further based on the recognition that after a training phase, in which the measurement with a fine dust sensor and at the same time the measurement with a sensor system having in particular a plurality of sensors are used, the fine dust sensor can be dispensed with in the subsequent driving operation in such a way that the emission of fine dust from tire wear is estimated on the basis of the driving operation values sensed at the vehicle. The corresponding training is carried out for this purpose, for example, only once in a prototype of the vehicle and can then be used in a large number of identically constructed vehicles in order to estimate the emission of fine dust at these vehicles without having to equip these vehicles with a fine dust sensor for this purpose.

[0010] It is advantageously provided that the sensor system senses driving operation values of at least one driving operation parameter of the tires of the vehicle and that the controller takes these driving operation values into account for estimating the fine dust emission. The at least one driving operation parameter of the tires comprises in particular one, several or all of the following parameters: tire inner pressure, tire type, tire condition, tread pattern depth. The tire inner pressure is preferably known for each tire by means of a respective pressure sensor arranged at the respective tire and is transmitted to the controller, for example by radio. In order to identify the tire type, the tire condition and the tread pattern depth, a sensor is preferably arranged in the surroundings of the respective tire, in particular in the wheel house of the wheel with the tire.

[0011] It is advantageous that the sensor system alternatively or additionally senses driving operation values of at least one driving operation parameter of the lane on which the vehicle is driving, wherein the controller takes these driving operation values into account for estimating the fine dust emission. The driving operation parameters of the lane comprise in particular one, several or all of the following parameters: lane temperature, lane structure, intermediate layer. In order to measure the lane temperature, a temperature sensor is preferably provided, for example in the front region of the vehicle. Separate sensors are preferably provided for measuring the lane structure and the intermediate layer, i.e. the type of ground.

[0012] It is further preferred that the sensor system senses at least one driving operation value, in particular the parameter slip ratio, of the driving operation between the tire and the lane. The slip ratio at the respective tire is preferably known together with the tire type, the tire condition, the tread pattern depth by means of one and the same sensor or several identical sensors.

[0013] The controller for estimating the fine dust emission advantageously also takes into account one, several or all of the following further operating parameters provided to the controller, in particular adjusted or measured, from the driving operation of the vehicle: air temperature, driving speed, acceleration or deceleration, steering rotation. Further, further parameters not mentioned here can also be additionally used by the controller for estimating the fine dust emission. The correlation of the driving operation values stored in the controller with the fine dust values is preferably known in advance by means of measurements at one vehicle, in particular of the same or similar construction. For this purpose, a fine dust sensor arranged in the wheel house of the vehicle measures the fine dust values. In the subsequent driving operation, the fine dust sensor is then no longer required to carry out the method.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment of the application it is provided that the controller recognizes when the estimated fine dust emissions exceed the upper limit value and then identifies, by comparison of the sensed driving operation values with typical combinations of measurable driving operation values, which are known for a plurality of different operating conditions and stored in the controller together with these operating conditions, an operating condition responsible for the increased fine dust emissions. The increased fine dust emissions are thus identified by means of the driving operation values known with the sensor system.

[0015] It is further preferably provided that the controller suggests or promotes for the vehicle, depending on each identified operating condition, an operating strategy which is also derived in advance by the respective operating condition and stored in the controller in order to reduce the fine dust emissions. The application can thus be used to avoid operating conditions of the vehicle which lead to an increase in fine dust emissions. For example, an operating strategy is suggested by giving the driver of the vehicle a corresponding display, for example in the form of an icon or in the form of text. The driving strategy can also be driven automatically, wherein, according to an expansion design, the operating strategy is only automatically promoted when it cannot be perceived by the driver of the vehicle.

[0016] The operating strategy advantageously contains driving dynamics. The operating strategy alternatively or additionally contains a routing for the vehicle. According to an expansion design of the application it is provided that the fine dust emissions are known in connection with a navigation system for the route driven and thus an alternative routing is suggested in the repeatedly driven route, if necessary, which leads to smaller fine dust emissions.

[0017] In another expansion design of the application it is provided that the controller actuates a filter device, in particular for air in the wheelhouse area, depending on the estimated fine dust emissions in order to prolong the maintenance intervals of the filter device, in particular the replacement intervals of the filter medium. It is provided here in particular that the controller actuates the filter device in order to filter the air, in particular through a filter of the filter device, only when the controller estimates that the fine dust emissions exceed the upper limit value. The filter medium of the filter device is thus not so intensively soiled with microplastics and / or oil droplets and / or heavy metals when the fine dust emissions do not require filtering and the filter device can therefore be used for a longer period of time without replacement of the filter medium.

[0018] According to this embodiment, the device according to the application accordingly has a filter device. The controller is here constructed and wired to the filter device such that the controller actuates the filter device depending on the estimated fine dust emissions in order to prolong the maintenance intervals of the filter device, in particular the replacement intervals of the filter medium.

[0019] When the controller estimates that the fine dust emissions do not exceed the upper limit value, the controller advantageously actuates the filter device such that the air is guided through the filter medium via the bypass. In this case, the air flow through the filter without bypass is alternatively interrupted. The device according to the application advantageously has a switchable bypass, wherein the controller is configured to actuate the filter device accordingly so that the air is filtered only when the limit value is exceeded and otherwise, if necessary, is guided through the filter medium via the bypass.

[0020] In a further development of the method according to the application it is provided that the controller transmits the estimated fine dust value, in particular via a radio connection, to a traffic control system. The traffic control system can thus combine the fine dust values generated at different locations in the road network in order to control the traffic, for example, such that the fine dust values at specific locations in the road network do not exceed a defined limit value.

[0021] Furthermore, in a development based thereon it is provided that the traffic control system transmits an operating strategy to each controller and / or to a controller of another vehicle in order to reduce the fine dust emissions in the region in accordance with the transmitted fine dust value. The vehicle is thus not only directed by the traffic control system with driving instructions outside the vehicle, but also outputs driving instructions directly in the vehicle or uses an operating strategy which reduces the individual fine dust emissions based on this vehicle or moves the vehicle to another location in the road network.

[0022] The device optionally has further means for carrying out all the method steps according to one possible embodiment of the method according to the application.

[0023] According to the application, a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, has a device according to the application for estimating the fine dust emissions in the driving operation of the vehicle. Otherwise, the vehicle is configured in a conventional manner and is therefore not described in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Further embodiments result from the claims of the application, the figures and the following description of the preferred embodiments shown in the figures. In the figures:

[0025] Figure 1 A vehicle with a device for learning the fine dust emissions in the driving operation of the vehicle according to one preferred embodiment of the application is shown in a simplified schematic view;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic view for illustrating the evaluation of the signals of the sensor system according to the application and for deriving an operating strategy of the vehicle; and

[0027] Figure 3 is Figure 1Vehicle with an air filter in a wheel house of the vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Figure 1 A vehicle 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the application is shown. The vehicle 1 is for example a motor vehicle, in particular a private car. But the application can also be used in the same way in commercial vehicles such as lorries. The vehicle 1 has four unlabelled, tyre-equipped wheels, in the tyres of which the left front tyre of the left front wheel is labelled with the reference 2 and the left rear tyre of the left rear wheel is labelled with the reference 3. The left front tyre 2 is arranged in a left front wheel house 4. The left rear wheel with the left rear tyre 3 is arranged in a left rear wheel house 5.

[0029] The vehicle 1 is equipped with a sensor system 6 and a controller 7, which acquires and further processes driving operation values sensed by means of the sensor system 6. The controller 7 estimates, inter alia, the emission of fine dust resulting from the tyre friction of the vehicle 1 in the driving operation of the vehicle 1 using the driving operation values provided by the sensor system 6. For this purpose, no fine dust sensor is used. Only for the purpose of training the controller 7, a fine dust sensor is installed in the wheel houses 4 and 5 and, alternatively or additionally, in the unlabelled wheel houses on the right side of the vehicle in addition to the sensor system 6, for example in a prototype vehicle, in order to be able to identify characteristic driving operation values of individual sensors of the sensor system 6 in which an increased fine dust value occurs.

[0030] The sensor system 6 comprises a lane temperature sensor 8 for measuring the lane temperature, a lane characteristic sensor 9 for measuring the lane structure and the intermediate layer of the lane, a tyre inner pressure sensor 10 for measuring the tyre inner pressure in the left front tyre 2 and, alternatively or additionally, also in the left rear tyre 3 and in each of the further tyres of the vehicle 1, a tyre characteristic sensor 11 for sensing the tyre type, the tyre condition and the tread pattern depth of the left front tyre 2 and, alternatively or additionally, in the area of the right front tyre of the vehicle 1, a slip ratio sensor 12 integrated into the tyre characteristic sensor 11 for sensing the slip ratio between the left front tyre 2 and the lane and a separate slip ratio sensor 13 for sensing the slip ratio between the left rear tyre 3 and the lane. The sensor system 6 alternatively or additionally contains lane characteristic sensors, tyre inner pressure sensors, tyre characteristic sensors for integrated slip ratio sensors and separate slip ratio sensors on the right side of the vehicle corresponding to the arrangement of the sensors 10, 11, 12 and 13 on the left side of the vehicle 1.

[0031] The tire characteristic sensor 11 is arranged only at the front wheel housing 4 of the vehicle 1, but can alternatively or additionally also be arranged on the rear wheel housing 5 in alternative embodiments of the application to perceive the tire characteristic at the rear tire 3. Here, the slip ratio sensor 13 can also be integrated into the tire characteristic sensor 11. The integrated slip ratio sensor 12 can also be arranged independently of the slip ratio sensor 13 in the front wheel housing 4 as an alternative to the embodiment shown.

[0032] In contrast to the embodiment shown, individual sensors of the sensor system 6 can be dispensed with. In further alternatives to the embodiment shown, additional sensors can also be included in the sensor system 6 and their signals evaluated by the controller 7.

[0033] Figure 2 The evaluation of the driving operation values 14 or signals perceived by means of the sensor system 6 by means of the controller 7 is illustrated. The driving operation values 14 are detected here for a plurality of driving operation parameters, namely for at least one driving operation parameter 15 of the tires 2, 3 of the vehicle 1, at least one driving operation parameter 16 of the roadway and at least one driving operation parameter 17 for the interaction between the tires 2, 3 and the roadway. The driving operation parameters 15 of the tires 2, 3 of the vehicle 1 are perceived here by means of the tire pressure sensor 10 and the tire characteristic sensor 11 and comprise the tire pressure 18, the tire type 19, the tire condition 20 and the tread depth 21 of the respective tire 2, 3. The driving operation parameters 16 of the roadway are perceived by means of the roadway temperature sensor 8 and the roadway characteristic sensor 9 and comprise the roadway temperature 22, the roadway structure 23 and the intermediate layer 24 in the roadway. The driving operation parameters 17 for the interaction between the tires 2, 3 and the roadway comprise the slip ratio 25 between the front tires 2 and the roadway and the slip ratio 26 between the rear tires 3 and the roadway.

[0034] In Figure 2 the time profile, for example, a first signal 27 formed from the driving operation values 14 and a second signal 28 formed from the driving operation values 14 of the slip ratio 26 between the rear tires 3 and the roadway are shown. The controller 7 evaluates the signals 27 and 28, recognizes typical features therein in which an above-limit, i.e. increased, fine dust emission can be inferred, and after recognizing such a characteristic signal selects a predefined and stored operating strategy 29 which appears suitable for reducing the fine dust emission in the region of the wheel housing 4, 5 estimated by means of the sensor system 6 and the controller 7. Such an operating strategy 29 is a dedicated driving dynamics 30. An alternative operating strategy 29 is a route selection 31.

[0035] Figure 3 It is shown Figure 1An extended design variant of the vehicle 1, which is additionally equipped with air filters in the wheel housings 4, 5. The air filter arranged in the left front wheel housing 4 is designated by the reference numeral 32. The air filter arranged in the left rear wheel housing 5 is designated by the reference numeral 33. The air filters 32 and 33 are part of a filter device 34 of the vehicle 1, which is configured for filtering the air in the wheel housing region at the location of the fine dust emission. Otherwise, the vehicle 1 corresponds to the vehicle 1 shown in Fig. 1, which is equipped as shown in Fig. 1, wherein the sensor system 6 and the controller 7 are not redrawn for the sake of clarity. Figure 1

[0036] All features mentioned in the foregoing description and in the claims are combinable with the features of the independent claims in any desired combination. The disclosure of the application is therefore not restricted to the features described and / or claimed, but rather all combinations of features that are reasonable within the scope of the application are regarded as disclosed.​

Claims

1. Method for ascertaining fine dust emissions in the driving operation of a vehicle (1), characterized in that The sensor system (6) of the vehicle (1) and the controller (7) of the vehicle (1) jointly assume the function of a fine dust sensor in the driving operation, wherein the sensor system (6) senses driving operation values at the vehicle (1) and wherein the controller (7) estimates fine dust emissions from the tire wear of the vehicle (1) from the sensed driving operation values and from an association of driving operation values and fine dust values which is known in advance and stored in the controller (7), wherein the vehicle is equipped with an air filter in the wheel house, wherein the air filter is part of a filter device of the vehicle which is configured for filtering air in the area of the wheel house, wherein the controller (7) actuates a filter device (34) for microplastics and / or oil droplets and / or heavy metals depending on the estimated fine dust emissions in order to prolong the maintenance intervals of the filter device (34).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The vehicle (1) is a motor vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The sensor system (6) senses driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (15) of the tires (2, 3) of the vehicle (1) and the controller (7) takes into account the driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (15) of the tires (2, 3) of the vehicle (1) for estimating fine dust emissions.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The driving operation parameters (15) of the tires (2, 3) comprise one or more of the following parameters: tire inner pressure (18), tire type (19), tire condition (20), tread pattern depth (21).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The sensor system (6) senses driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (16) of the lane on which the vehicle (1) is driving and the controller (7) takes into account the driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (16) of the lane on which the vehicle (1) is driving for estimating fine dust emissions.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The driving operation parameters (16) of the lane comprise one or more of the following parameters: lane temperature (22), lane structure (23), intermediate layer (24).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The sensor system (6) senses driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (17) of the interaction between the tires (2, 3) and the lane.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (17) of the interaction between the tires (2, 3) and the lane are slip rates (25, 26).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The controller (7) takes into account for estimating fine dust emissions also one or more of the following adjusted or measured further operating parameters provided to the controller (7) of the vehicle (1): air temperature, driving speed, acceleration or deceleration, steering rotation.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The association of driving operation values and fine dust values stored in the controller (7) is known in advance by means of measurements at vehicles (1) of the same or similar configuration, wherein for this a fine dust sensor arranged in the wheel house (4, 5) of the vehicle (1) measures the fine dust values. The sensor system (6) of the vehicle (1) and the controller (7) of the vehicle (1) jointly assume the function of a fine dust sensor in the driving operation, wherein the sensor system (6) senses driving operation values at the vehicle (1) and wherein the controller (7) estimates fine dust emissions from the tire wear of the vehicle (1) from the sensed driving operation values and from an association of driving operation values and fine dust values which is known in advance and stored in the controller (7), wherein the vehicle is equipped with an air filter in the wheel house, wherein the air filter is part of a filter device of the vehicle which is configured for filtering air in the area of the wheel house, wherein the controller (7) actuates a filter device (34) for microplastics and / or oil droplets and / or heavy metals depending on the estimated fine dust emissions in order to prolong the maintenance intervals of the filter device (34). The vehicle (1) is a motor vehicle. The sensor system (6) senses driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (15) of the tires (2, 3) of the vehicle (1) and the controller (7) takes into account the driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (15) of the tires (2, 3) of the vehicle (1) for estimating fine dust emissions. The driving operation parameters (15) of the tires (2, 3) comprise one or more of the following parameters: tire inner pressure (18), tire type (19), tire condition (20), tread pattern depth (21). The sensor system (6) senses driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (16) of the lane on which the vehicle (1) is driving and the controller (7) takes into account the driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (16) of the lane on which the vehicle (1) is driving for estimating fine dust emissions. The driving operation parameters (16) of the lane comprise one or more of the following parameters: lane temperature (22), lane structure (23), intermediate layer (24). The sensor system (6) senses driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (17) of the interaction between the tires (2, 3) and the lane. The driving operation values for at least one driving operation parameter (17) of the interaction between the tires (2, 3) and the lane are slip rates (25, 26). The controller (7) takes into account for estimating fine dust emissions also one or more of the following adjusted or measured further operating parameters provided to the controller (7) of the vehicle (1): air temperature, driving speed, acceleration or deceleration, steering rotation. The association of driving operation values and fine dust values stored in the controller (7) is known in advance by means of measurements at vehicles (1) of the same or similar configuration, wherein for this a fine dust sensor arranged in the wheel house (4, 5) of the vehicle (1) measures the fine dust values.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The controller (7) recognizes when the estimated fine dust emissions exceed the upper limit value and then identifies an operating condition responsible for the increased fine dust emissions by comparing the perceived driving operating values with a typical combination of measurable driving operating values, which are previously known for a plurality of different operating conditions and stored in the controller (7) together with the operating condition.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The controller advises or promotes an operating strategy (29) for the vehicle (1) according to each identified operating condition, which is likewise derived from the respective operating condition and stored in the controller (7) beforehand, in order to reduce the fine dust emissions.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The operating strategy (29) comprises driving dynamics (30) and / or route selection (31) for the vehicle (1).

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The controller (7) actuates a filter device (34) for microplastics and / or oil droplets and / or heavy metals according to the estimated fine dust emissions in order to extend the replacement interval of the filter medium.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The controller (7) actuates the filter device (34) for filtering the air only when the controller (7) estimates that the fine dust emissions exceed the upper limit value.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, When the controller (7) estimates that the fine dust emissions do not exceed the upper limit value, the controller (7) actuates the filter device (34) such that the air is guided through the filter medium via a bypass.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The controller (7) transmits the estimated fine dust emissions to a traffic control system.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The controller (7) transmits the estimated fine dust emissions to a traffic control system via a radio connection.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein, The traffic control system transmits an operating strategy (29) to the controller (7) and / or to a controller (7) of another vehicle (1) according to the transmitted fine dust value in order to reduce the fine dust emissions in the region.

20. Device for learning fine dust emissions in the driving operation of a vehicle (1), characterized by The device has a sensor system (6) and a controller (7), which are constructed and wired in such a way that they jointly assume the function of a fine dust sensor in the driving operation, wherein the sensor system (6) is constructed for perceiving driving operating values at the vehicle (1) and wherein the controller (7) is constructed for estimating the fine dust emissions from the tire wear of the vehicle (1) from the perceived driving operating values and from an association of driving operating values and fine dust values, which are previously known and stored in the controller (7), wherein the vehicle is equipped with an air filter in the wheelhouse, wherein the air filter is part of a filter device of the vehicle, which is constructed for filtering the air in the area of the wheelhouse, wherein the device has the filter device and the controller (7) is constructed and wired with the filter device (34) in such a way that the controller (7) actuates the filter device (34) for microplastics and / or oil droplets and / or heavy metals according to the estimated fine dust emissions in order to extend the maintenance interval of the filter device (34).

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein The vehicle (1) is a motor vehicle. The vehicle (1) is a motor vehicle.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein The controller (7) is constructed and wired to the filter device (34) such that the controller (7) actuates the filter device (34) depending on the estimated fine dust emission in order to prolong the replacement interval of the filter medium.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein The filter device (34) has a switchable bypass which is actuated by the controller (7) when the controller (7) estimates that the fine dust emission exceeds an upper limit value in order to filter the air through the filter medium and otherwise to conduct the air through the filter medium via the bypass.

24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein The device is constructed for carrying out all the method steps according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

25. Vehicle (1) with a device for ascertaining the fine dust emission in the driving operation of the vehicle (1) according to any one of claims 20 to 24.

26. The vehicle of claim 25, wherein The vehicle (1) is a motor vehicle.

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