New ballast dump car for railway and construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a new ballast dump car for railways and a construction method, comprising a flat car (1) and a ballast transfer device, wherein the flat car (1) provides a working platform for the ballast transfer device; the ballast transfer device is integrated on a device base (2), and the ballast transfer device is integrally mounted on the flat car (1) and can be separated from the flat car (1) as a whole; a folding conveyor belt (3) is provided at the front end of the flat car (1); a left transverse conveyor belt (5), a right transverse conveyor belt (4), a left oblique conveyor belt (7) and a right oblique conveyor belt (6) are provided on both sides of the front half of the flat car (1); a left chain excavation mechanism (11), a right chain excavation mechanism (9), a driver's cab (10), a power room (12) and a ballast shaping mechanism (13) are provided on both sides of the rear half of the flat car (1). The ballast transfer working device of the new ballast transfer car of the present invention is an independent whole, with a flat car as a working platform, and the ballast transfer working device is installed on the flat car according to railway cargo loading and reinforcement rules.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of railway maintenance using large-scale track maintenance machinery, and in particular to a new ballast dump car for railways and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Many construction operations at my country's railway construction sites require the coupling of material transport vehicles loaded with new ballast.

[0003] New ballast for my country's railways is primarily transported from quarrying plants to construction sites using ballast hopper cars. These cars can only unload from the bottom, and the ballast openings are close to the track surface. However, the ballast inlets of material transport vehicles are higher up, located on top of the vehicles. Limited space at the ballast hopper car openings prevents the installation of equipment to directly transfer ballast from the bottom openings of the ballast hopper cars to the top openings of the material transport vehicles. Transferring ballast from ballast hopper cars to material transport vehicles has long been a difficult problem at railway construction sites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of transferring ballast from ballast hopper cars to material transport vehicles at railway construction sites, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new ballast dump car for railways and a construction method. The new ballast dump car is used to transfer and store new ballast from ballast hopper cars to material transport vehicles, wherein the ballast transfer working device of the new ballast dump car is an independent whole, with a flat car as the working platform, and the ballast transfer working device is installed on the flat car according to the railway cargo loading and reinforcement rules.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned design objectives, the scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a new ballast dump car for railways, comprising a flat car and a ballast working device, wherein the flat car provides a working platform for the ballast working device; the ballast working device is integrated on the device base, and the ballast working device is installed as a whole on the flat car and can be separated from the flat car as a whole, which is convenient for the inspection and maintenance of the flat car, and even for replacing other flat cars of the same specifications and models; the front end of the flat car is provided with a folding conveyor belt; the front half of the flat car is provided with a left transverse conveyor belt, a right transverse conveyor belt, a left oblique conveyor belt, and a right oblique conveyor belt on both sides; the rear half of the flat car is provided with a left chain excavation mechanism and a right chain excavation mechanism on both sides; the tail of the flat car is provided with a ballast shaping mechanism for flattening the new ballast unloaded from the ballast hopper car to comply with the relevant regulations of the railway line. The ballast working device of the new ballast dump car of the present invention is an independent entity, with the flat car as the working platform, and the ballast working device is installed on the flat car according to the railway cargo loading and reinforcement rules.

[0007] Preferably, the front end of the left chain excavation mechanism is connected to the left oblique conveyor belt; the front end of the right chain excavation mechanism is connected to the right oblique conveyor belt.

[0008] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that one end of the left oblique conveyor belt is mounted on the left bracket, and the other end is flexibly connected to the left chain excavation mechanism through a universal joint and the two can move longitudinally relative to each other.

[0009] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that a left horizontal oil cylinder is provided below the left oblique conveyor belt, and under the action of the left horizontal oil cylinder, the left oblique conveyor belt and the left chain excavation mechanism are horizontally extended and retracted simultaneously.

[0010] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that one end of the right oblique conveyor belt is installed on the right bracket, and the other end is flexibly connected to the right chain excavation mechanism through a universal joint and the two can move longitudinally relative to each other.

[0011] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that a right horizontal oil cylinder is provided below the right oblique conveyor belt, and the right oblique conveyor belt is horizontally extended and retracted simultaneously with the right chain excavation mechanism under the action of the right horizontal oil cylinder.

[0012] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that both the left-chain digging mechanism and the right-chain digging mechanism are provided with digging teeth, digging chains, ballast inlets and ballast outlets.

[0013] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the left-chain digging mechanism is supported by the A transverse support column and the B transverse support column; the left-chain digging mechanism is fixedly connected to the left-chain support.

[0014] In any of the above solutions, it is preferred that a left lifting cylinder seat is provided on the A transverse support column and the B transverse support column.

[0015] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that a left lifting cylinder is provided on the left lifting cylinder seat, and the left chain excavation mechanism rotates along the center line of the A horizontal support column under the action of the left lifting cylinder, thereby adjusting the left excavation depth.

[0016] In any of the above schemes, preferably, a left horizontal oil cylinder is provided below the left chain digging mechanism, and the left chain digging mechanism can be horizontally extended and retracted under the action of the left horizontal oil cylinder.

[0017] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the right chain digging mechanism is supported by the C transverse support column and the D transverse support column; the right chain digging mechanism is fixedly connected to the right chain support.

[0018] In any of the above schemes, preferably, a right horizontal oil cylinder is provided below the right chain digging mechanism, and the right chain digging mechanism can be horizontally extended and retracted under the action of the right horizontal oil cylinder.

[0019] In any of the above solutions, it is preferred that a right lifting cylinder seat is provided on the C transverse support column and the D transverse support column.

[0020] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that a right lifting cylinder is provided on the right lifting cylinder seat, and the right chain excavation mechanism rotates along the center line of the D horizontal support column under the action of the right lifting cylinder, thereby adjusting the right excavation depth.

[0021] In any of the above solutions, preferably, a supporting cylinder and a folding cylinder are provided below the folding conveyor belt.

[0022] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that a left cylinder is provided under the left transverse conveyor belt, and the left transverse conveyor belt rotates along the rotation center under the action of the cylinder; a right cylinder is provided under the right transverse conveyor belt, and the right transverse conveyor belt rotates along the rotation center under the action of the cylinder to meet the different requirements of the two states of operation and vehicle collection.

[0023] A second aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for a new ballast dump car for railways, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Operation preparation: Place the new ballast dump truck, material transport truck, and ballast hopper truck on the same railway line. The new ballast dump truck and material transport truck are coupled together and located at one end of the line, while the ballast hopper truck is located at the other end. The distance between them is the sum of the trench length for storing new ballast and the 20-meter safety distance.

[0025] Step 2: Use a material transport vehicle or other vehicle to pull a new ballast dump vehicle, dig trenches on both sides of the railway line with the new ballast dump vehicle (the length and depth of the trench depend on the length of the railway line and the amount of new ballast to be dumped), and then transport the excavated old ballast to the material transport vehicle, which will then transport it to the designated location.

[0026] Step 3: The material transport vehicle and the new ballast dump vehicle return, and the ballast hopper vehicle is moved to the new trench dug in Step 2. The ballast unloading port of the ballast hopper vehicle that needs to be unloaded is opened, and the new ballast is unloaded into the trench dug in Step 2 until the trenches on both sides of the line are filled.

[0027] Step 4: The ballast hopper car returns, and the new ballast dump car is towed by the material transport car. The new ballast dump working device is used to dig up the new ballast unloaded in the ditches on both sides of the railway line in the third step and transport it to the material transport car via a conveyor belt;

[0028] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all required material transport vehicles are filled. Once all material transport vehicles are filled, repeat step 3 again and unload the new ballast from the ballast hopper vehicle into the trench hollowed out in step 4.

[0029] Step 6: Use the ballast shaping mechanism to level the new ballast unloaded into the ditch in the fifth step, completing the new ballast dumping work.

[0030] The railway ballast dump car of the present invention has the following advantages and effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] 1. The flat car used in the railway new ballast dump car of the present invention has a large market share, is easy to repair and maintain, and can even be replaced with other flat cars of the same specification and model.

[0032] 2. The ballast transfer device of the new ballast transfer car is an independent whole, with a flat car as the working platform. The ballast transfer device is installed on the flat car in accordance with the railway cargo loading and reinforcement rules.

[0033] 3. The folding conveyor belt can be folded. The folding cylinder can open or fold the folding conveyor belt. The supporting cylinder can adjust the angle between the folding conveyor belt and the horizontal plane.

[0034] 4. The left transverse conveyor belt rotates along the rotation center under the action of the oil cylinder, and the right transverse conveyor belt rotates along the rotation center under the action of the oil cylinder to meet the different requirements of the two states of operation and collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a new ballast dump car for railways.

[0036] Figure 2 For the railway new ballast dump car according to the present invention Figure 1 A top view of the preferred embodiment is shown.

[0037] Figure 3 For the railway new ballast dump car according to the present invention Figure 1 The diagram shows a folded state of the foldable conveyor belt in the preferred embodiment.

[0038] Figure 4 For the railway new ballast dump car according to the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rotation of the transverse conveyor belt in the embodiment shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort.

[0040] like Figure 1-Figure 2Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a preferred embodiment of a railway ballast dump car according to the present invention. The vehicle length is longitudinal, the vehicle width is transverse, and the left and right sides are viewed from the vehicle's forward direction 8. The ballast dump car is equipped with a driver's cab 10, which houses a ballast transfer device control unit, allowing operators to operate the device from within the cab. A power room 12 provides the necessary power for all power components of the ballast transfer device.

[0041] The new ballast dump car for railway of the present invention comprises a flat car 1 and a ballast working device, the flat car 1 provides a working platform for the ballast working device; the ballast working device is integrated on the device base 2, and the ballast working device is installed as a whole on the flat car 1 and can be separated from the flat car 1 as a whole, so as to facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the flat car 1, and even replace other flat cars of the same specifications and models; a folding conveyor belt 3 is provided at the front end of the flat car 1; a left transverse conveyor belt 5, a right transverse conveyor belt 4, a left oblique conveyor belt 7 and a right oblique conveyor belt 6 are provided on both sides of the front half of the flat car 1; a left chain excavation mechanism 11 and a right chain excavation mechanism 9 are provided on both sides of the rear half of the flat car 1; a ballast shaping mechanism 13 is provided at the tail of the flat car 1, which is used to flatten the new ballast unloaded from the ballast hopper car to comply with relevant regulations of the railway line. The ballast transfer working device of the new ballast transfer car of the present invention is an independent whole, with a flat car as a working platform, and the ballast transfer working device is installed on the flat car according to railway cargo loading and reinforcement rules.

[0042] The working principle of the railway new ballast dump car of the present invention is:

[0043] From the perspective of the vehicle's forward direction 8, during operation, the flat car 1 (one side of the folding conveyor belt 3) is connected to the required number of material transport vehicles, the folding conveyor belt 3 extends to the material transport vehicle silo, and the left chain excavation mechanism 11 and the right chain excavation mechanism 9 are lowered. The left oblique conveyor belt 7 and the right oblique conveyor belt 6 are also lowered, and the left transverse conveyor belt 5 and the right transverse conveyor belt 4 are rotated to the working position. The flat car 1 moves in the direction 8 under the traction of the material transport vehicle or other vehicles. The two sets of chain excavation mechanisms dig up the new ballast placed in the ditch on both sides of the railway line in advance. The rotating chain 32 drives the digging teeth 31 to move, and the new ballast is dragged in from the ballast inlet 33 and flows out from the ballast outlet 34, falling into the left oblique conveyor belt 7 and the right oblique conveyor belt 6, and then transported to the left transverse conveyor belt 5 and the right transverse conveyor belt 4, and then transported to the folding conveyor belt 3, and finally transported to the material transport vehicle, completing the transfer and storage of the new ballast from the ballast hopper car to the material transport vehicle.

[0044] In this embodiment, the front end of the left chain excavation mechanism 11 is connected to the left oblique conveyor belt 7 ; the front end of the right chain excavation mechanism 9 is connected to the right oblique conveyor belt 6 .

[0045] In this embodiment, one end of the left oblique conveyor belt 7 is mounted on the left bracket 15, and the other end is flexibly connected to the left chain excavation mechanism 11 through a universal joint so that the two can move longitudinally relative to each other.

[0046] In this embodiment, a left horizontal oil cylinder 14 is provided below the left oblique conveyor belt 7. Under the action of the left horizontal oil cylinder 14, the left oblique conveyor belt 7 and the left chain excavation mechanism 11 are extended and retracted horizontally at the same time.

[0047] In this embodiment, one end of the right oblique conveyor belt 6 is mounted on the right bracket 28, and the other end is flexibly connected to the right chain excavation mechanism 9 through a universal joint so that the two can move longitudinally relative to each other.

[0048] In this embodiment, a right horizontal oil cylinder 29 is provided below the right oblique conveyor belt 6 , and the right oblique conveyor belt 6 is horizontally extended and retracted simultaneously with the right chain excavation mechanism 9 under the action of the right horizontal oil cylinder 29 .

[0049] In this embodiment, both the left chain digging mechanism 11 and the right chain digging mechanism 9 are provided with digging teeth 31 , digging chains 32 , ballast inlet 33 and ballast outlet 34 .

[0050] In this embodiment, the left chain excavation mechanism 11 is supported by the A transverse support column 17 and the B transverse support column 19 ; the left chain excavation mechanism 11 is fixedly connected to the left chain support 20 .

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, according to the railway new ballast dump car of the present invention Figure 1 A top view of the preferred embodiment is shown.

[0052] Seen from the vehicle's forward direction 8, the left chain excavation mechanism 11 is supported by the A transverse support column 17 and the B transverse support column 19, and is installed on the left chain support 20. The left chain excavation mechanism 11 can be horizontally extended and retracted under the action of the left horizontal cylinder 16; one end of the left oblique conveyor belt 7 is installed on the bracket 15, and the other end is flexibly connected to the left chain excavation mechanism 11 through a universal joint and the two can move longitudinally relative to each other. Under the action of the left horizontal cylinder 14, the left oblique conveyor belt 7 is horizontally extended and retracted simultaneously with the left chain excavation mechanism 11; the left lifting cylinder seat 18 is installed on the A transverse support column 17 and the B transverse support column 19, and the left lifting cylinder 21 is installed on the left lifting cylinder seat 18. Under the action of the left lifting cylinder 21, the left chain excavation mechanism 11 rotates along the center line of the A transverse support column 17, thereby adjusting the excavation depth on the left side.

[0053] In this embodiment, a left lifting cylinder seat 18 is provided on the A transverse support column 17 and the B transverse support column 19 .

[0054] In this embodiment, a left lifting cylinder 21 is provided on the left lifting cylinder seat 18. Under the action of the left lifting cylinder 21, the left chain excavation mechanism 11 rotates along the center line of the A horizontal support column 17, thereby adjusting the left excavation depth.

[0055] The right chain excavation mechanism 9 is supported by the C transverse support column 24 and the D transverse support column 26, and is installed on the right chain support 23. The right chain excavation mechanism 9 can be extended and retracted horizontally under the action of the right horizontal cylinder 27; one end of the right oblique conveyor belt 6 is installed on the bracket 28, and the other end is flexibly connected to the right chain excavation mechanism 9 through a universal joint and the two can move longitudinally relative to each other. Under the action of the right horizontal cylinder 29, the right oblique conveyor belt 6 is horizontally extended and retracted at the same time as the right chain excavation mechanism 9; the right lifting cylinder seat 25 is installed on the C transverse support column 24 and the D transverse support column 26, and the right lifting cylinder 22 is installed on the right lifting cylinder seat 25. Under the action of the right lifting cylinder 22, the right chain excavation mechanism 9 rotates along the center line of the D transverse support column 26, thereby adjusting the excavation depth on the right side.

[0056] In this embodiment, a left horizontal oil cylinder 16 is provided below the left chain digging mechanism 11 , and the left chain digging mechanism 11 can be horizontally extended and retracted under the action of the left horizontal oil cylinder 16 .

[0057] In this embodiment, the right chain digging mechanism 9 is supported by the C transverse support column 24 and the D transverse support column 26 ; the right chain digging mechanism 9 is fixedly connected to the right chain support 23 .

[0058] In this embodiment, a right horizontal oil cylinder 27 is provided below the right chain digging mechanism 9 , and the right chain digging mechanism 9 can be horizontally extended and retracted under the action of the right horizontal oil cylinder 27 .

[0059] In this embodiment, a right lifting cylinder seat 25 is provided on the C transverse support column 24 and the D transverse support column 26 .

[0060] In this embodiment, a right lifting cylinder 22 is provided on the right lifting cylinder seat 25. Under the action of the right lifting cylinder 22, the right chain excavation mechanism 9 rotates along the center line of the D transverse support column 26, thereby adjusting the right excavation depth.

[0061] Next, see Figure 3 As shown, according to the railway new ballast dump car of the present invention Figure 1 The diagram shows a folded state of the foldable conveyor belt in the preferred embodiment.

[0062] The folding conveyor belt 3 can be folded. The folding oil cylinder 37 can be used to open or fold the folding conveyor belt 3. The supporting oil cylinder 36 can be used to adjust the angle between the folding conveyor belt 3 and the horizontal plane.

[0063] In this embodiment, a supporting cylinder 36 and a folding cylinder 37 are provided below the folding conveyor belt 3 .

[0064] Last read Figure 4 As shown, according to the railway new ballast dump car of the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rotation of the transverse conveyor belt in the embodiment shown.

[0065] The left transverse conveyor belt 5 rotates along its rotation center 44 under the action of oil cylinder 43, while the right transverse conveyor belt 4 rotates along its rotation center 41 under the action of oil cylinder 42, thereby meeting the different requirements of the two states of operation and vehicle collection. In the illustrated state, the left transverse conveyor belt 5 is in operation, and the right transverse conveyor belt 4 is in the retracted state.

[0066] During operation, first open the folding conveyor belt 3 and adjust the angle with the horizontal plane to the working position, then extend the left and right chain excavation mechanisms and the left and right oblique conveyor belts outward. After they are extended into place, the left and right chain excavation mechanisms are lowered to the required excavation depth, driving the left and right oblique conveyor belts to swing down, and finally rotate the left and right transverse conveyor belts to the working position to realize the new ballast dumping operation; when collecting the vehicle, first rotate the left and right transverse conveyor belts to the collecting position, then fold the folding conveyor belt 3 and adjust it to the collecting position, then lift the left and right chain excavation mechanisms, driving the left and right oblique conveyor belts to lift, and finally retract the left and right chain excavation mechanisms and the left and right oblique conveyor belts horizontally to meet the limit requirements of the railway line.

[0067] In this embodiment, a left cylinder 43 is provided under the left transverse conveyor belt 5, and the left transverse conveyor belt 5 rotates along the rotation center 44 under the action of the cylinder 43; a right cylinder 42 is provided under the right transverse conveyor belt 4, and the right transverse conveyor belt 4 rotates along the rotation center 41 under the action of the cylinder 42 to meet the different requirements of the two states of operation and vehicle collection.

[0068] The present invention provides a construction method for a new ballast dump car for railways, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Step 1: Operation preparation: Place the new ballast dump truck, material transport truck, and ballast hopper truck on the same railway line. The new ballast dump truck and material transport truck are coupled together and located at one end of the line, while the ballast hopper truck is located at the other end. The distance between them is the sum of the trench length for storing new ballast and the 20-meter safety distance.

[0070] Step 2: Use a material transport vehicle or other vehicle to pull a new ballast dump vehicle, dig trenches on both sides of the railway line with the new ballast dump vehicle (the length and depth of the trench depend on the length of the railway line and the amount of new ballast to be dumped), and then transport the excavated old ballast to the material transport vehicle, which will then transport it to the designated location.

[0071] Step 3: The material transport vehicle and the new ballast dump vehicle return, and the ballast hopper vehicle is moved to the new trench dug in Step 2. The ballast unloading port of the ballast hopper vehicle that needs to be unloaded is opened, and the new ballast is unloaded into the trench dug in Step 2 until the trenches on both sides of the line are filled.

[0072] Step 4: The ballast hopper car returns, and the new ballast dump car is towed by the material transport car. The new ballast dump working device is used to dig up the new ballast unloaded in the ditches on both sides of the railway line in the third step and transport it to the material transport car via a conveyor belt;

[0073] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all required material transport vehicles are filled. Once all material transport vehicles are filled, repeat step 3 again and unload the new ballast from the ballast hopper vehicle into the trench hollowed out in step 4.

[0074] Step 6: Use the ballast shaping mechanism to level the new ballast unloaded into the ditch in the fifth step, completing the new ballast dumping work.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the railway ballast dump car and construction method of the present invention encompass any combination of the various components described in this specification. Due to space limitations and to maintain clarity, these combinations are not described in detail here. However, after reading this specification, the scope of the present invention, encompassed by any combination of the various components described herein, will become self-evident.

Claims

1. A new ballast dump car for railways, comprising a flat car (1) and a ballast working device, wherein the flat car (1) provides a working platform for the ballast working device; the ballast working device is integrated on a device base (2), and is characterized in that: The ballast working device is installed as a whole on the flat car (1) and can be separated from the flat car (1) as a whole; a folding conveyor belt (3) is provided at the front end of the flat car (1); a left transverse conveyor belt (5), a right transverse conveyor belt (4), a left oblique conveyor belt (7) and a right oblique conveyor belt (6) are provided on both sides of the front half of the flat car (1); a left chain excavation mechanism (11), a right chain excavation mechanism (9), a driver's cab (10) and a power room (12) are provided on both sides of the rear half of the flat car (1); a ballast shaping mechanism (13) is provided at the tail end of the flat car (1); the front end of the left chain excavation mechanism (11) is connected to the left oblique conveyor belt (7); the front end of the right chain excavation mechanism (9) is connected to the right oblique conveyor belt (6); a left horizontal oil cylinder (14) is provided below the left oblique conveyor belt (7); under the action of the left horizontal oil cylinder (14), the left oblique conveyor belt (7) is connected to the left chain excavation mechanism (1 1) Extending and retracting horizontally at the same time; the left chain excavation mechanism (11) is supported by the A transverse support column (17) and the B transverse support column (19); the left lifting cylinder seat (18) is mounted on the A transverse support column (17) and the B transverse support column (19); the left lifting cylinder (21) is mounted on the left lifting cylinder seat (18); the left chain excavation mechanism (11) rotates along the center line of the A transverse support column (17) under the action of the left lifting cylinder (21); the right chain excavation mechanism (9) is supported by the C transverse support column (24) and the D transverse support column (26); the right lifting cylinder seat (25) is mounted on the C transverse support column (24) and the D transverse support column (26); the right lifting cylinder (22) is mounted on the right lifting cylinder seat (25); the right chain excavation mechanism (9) rotates along the center line of the D transverse support column (26) under the action of the right lifting cylinder (22).

2. The railway ballast dump car according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the left oblique conveyor belt (7) is mounted on the left bracket (15), and the other end is flexibly connected to the left chain excavation mechanism (11) via a universal joint, and the two can move longitudinally relative to each other.

3. The railway ballast dump car according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the right oblique conveyor belt (6) is mounted on the right bracket (28), and the other end is flexibly connected to the right scraping chain excavation mechanism (9) via a universal joint, and the two can move longitudinally relative to each other.

4. The railway ballast dump car according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A right horizontal oil cylinder (29) is provided below the right oblique conveyor belt (6). Under the action of the right horizontal oil cylinder (29), the right oblique conveyor belt (6) and the right chain excavation mechanism (9) are simultaneously extended and retracted horizontally.

5. The railway ballast dump car according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left scraping chain excavation mechanism (11) and the right scraping chain excavation mechanism (9) are both provided with scraping teeth (31), scraping chains (32), ballast inlet (33) and ballast outlet (34).

6. A construction method for a railway ballast dump car using the railway ballast dump car according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Operation preparation: Place the new ballast dump truck, material transport truck, and ballast hopper truck on the same railway line. The new ballast dump truck and material transport truck are coupled together and located at one end of the line, while the ballast hopper truck is located at the other end. The distance between them is the sum of the trench length for storing new ballast and the 20-meter safety distance. Step 2: Use the material transport vehicle to pull the new ballast dump vehicle, use the new ballast dump vehicle to dig trenches on both sides of the railway line, transfer the excavated old ballast to the material transport vehicle, and finally transport it to the designated location by the material transport vehicle; Step 3: The material transport vehicle and the new ballast dump vehicle return, and the ballast hopper vehicle is moved to the new trench dug in Step 2. The ballast unloading port of the ballast hopper vehicle that needs to be unloaded is opened, and the new ballast is unloaded into the trench dug in Step 2 until the trenches on both sides of the line are filled. Step 4: The ballast hopper car returns, and the new ballast dump car is towed by the material transport car. The new ballast dump working device is used to dig up the new ballast unloaded in the ditches on both sides of the railway line in the third step and transport it to the material transport car via a conveyor belt; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all required material transport vehicles are filled. After all material transport vehicles are filled, repeat step 3 again and unload the new ballast from the ballast hopper vehicle into the trench hollowed out in step 4. Step 6: Use the ballast shaping mechanism to level the new ballast unloaded into the ditch in the fifth step, completing the new ballast dumping work.

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