A single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring

Abstract

The present invention discloses a single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring, comprising an antenna array unit, an antenna servo unit, a multi-channel satellite receiving unit, a signal processing unit, a signal transmission unit and a power supply unit. The power supply unit is used to supply power to the remaining units; the antenna array unit array is arranged on the ground for directionally receiving satellite signals; the antenna servo unit position information and the satellite orbit parameters sent by the receiving station calculate the receiving parameters of the corresponding satellite and adjust the angle of the antenna in the antenna array unit to achieve the reception of the corresponding satellite signal; the multi-channel satellite receiving unit synchronously acquires the satellite signals received by each antenna array unit, and the signal processing unit extracts the satellite signal parameters from the satellite signals acquired by the multi-channel satellite receiving unit, and transmits them to the receiving station through the signal transmission unit. This device realizes the synchronous acquisition of multiple satellite signals at different angles and frequency bands at a single station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of non-cooperative source atmospheric remote sensing, in particular to a single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Heavy rainfall is one of the main weather conditions that lead to natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and mud-rock flows. Accurate monitoring of regional rainfall is a hot topic of common concern in the fields of meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, and transportation. Among the existing rainfall monitoring methods, the ground meteorological observation station network is sparse and it is difficult to capture the complex temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation; conventional weather radars are easily affected by rain area attenuation and ground object echoes, and have limited temporal and spatial resolution; space-based rainfall radars pass overhead twice a day and cannot continuously monitor weather processes; geostationary meteorological satellites can estimate rainfall distribution, but due to cloud cover and other factors, it is difficult to further improve accuracy.

[0003] At present, the signals of broadcasting and communication satellites have been widely covered all over the world. There are more than 30 broadcasting and communication satellites over my country alone. Most of these satellites use C, X, Ku and Ka bands. High-frequency signals interact with clouds and precipitation in real time, and contain rich information; satellite ground receivers receive signals in real time and have the ability to monitor satellite signal strength and signal quality; there are a large number of satellite ground stations, and there are more than 100 million live broadcast satellite users alone. Therefore, using satellite signals for rainfall inversion has unique advantages such as many sites, wide distribution, high temporal and spatial density, etc. However, conventional satellite ground receivers generally have only one antenna, one high-frequency head and one satellite receiver. One receiver can only receive one satellite signal, so one receiver corresponds to one satellite-to-ground link, and can only invert the average rainfall intensity on one link (see 201910170984.0), but one link cannot represent the regional rainfall situation. Using multiple satellite ground receivers to receive signals from different satellites can detect regional rainfall (see 201910965486.5, 20191107394.1), which can improve the spatial representativeness of rainfall monitoring. However, if conventional satellite receiving equipment is used, multiple satellite antennas, high-frequency heads and receivers need to be densely deployed, which brings about a huge investment in hardware facilities. The existing mobile communication antenna (such as 201811606667.0) can track and receive the signal of a fixed satellite in real time on a mobile platform, but it can only receive one satellite signal at a time and cannot receive multiple satellite signals simultaneously. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing satellite receiving devices, and to provide a single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring based on satellite-to-ground links, so as to realize the synchronous acquisition of multiple satellite signals at different angles and frequency bands at a single station, make full use of existing satellite signal resources, further improve the cost-effectiveness of regional rainfall monitoring, and further promote the new satellite-to-ground link rainfall measurement method to practical applications.

[0005] The technical solution is: To achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring, which includes an antenna array unit, an antenna servo unit, a multi-channel satellite receiving unit, a signal processing unit, a signal transmission unit and a power supply unit; wherein,

[0006] The power supply unit is used to supply power to the remaining units;

[0007] The antenna array unit array is set on the ground and is used for directional reception of satellite signals;

[0008] The antenna servo unit is electrically connected to the antenna array unit, calculates the reception parameters of the corresponding satellite according to the position information of the antenna array unit and the preset satellite orbit parameters, and adjusts the angle of the antenna in the antenna array unit according to the reception parameters to achieve the reception of the corresponding satellite signal;

[0009] The multi-channel satellite receiving unit is used to synchronously collect satellite signals received by each antenna array unit and send the collected satellite signals to the signal processing unit;

[0010] The signal processing unit extracts satellite signal parameters from the satellite signals collected by the multi-channel satellite receiving unit, and transmits them to the receiving station through the signal transmission unit; the satellite signal parameters include signal strength, signal quality, and carrier-to-noise ratio;

[0011] In the single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device proposed in the present application, the antenna in each antenna array unit is controlled by an antenna servo unit, which can be fixed according to a preset angle, or the azimuth, pitch angle and polarization angle can be adjusted in real time according to the measurement needs, so that the antenna points to different satellites and receives signals from different satellites, thereby realizing the measurement of rainfall spaces in different azimuths by a single antenna. Then, the satellite signals received by each antenna array unit are synchronously acquired through a multi-channel satellite receiving unit, and the satellite signal parameters are extracted by a signal processing unit and then transmitted back to the receiving station, so that the synchronous acquisition of multiple satellite signals at different angles and frequency bands can be realized at the receiving station for rainfall inversion.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the power supply unit includes a mains power supply device and a solar power supply device, which are used to provide two power supply functions, namely, mains power supply and solar power supply. In areas with mains power, the mains power supply is used, and the solar power supply is used as a backup; in areas without mains power, the solar power supply is used as the main power supply, and the battery content can ensure continuous operation for more than 7 days. The use of two power supply methods, one main and one backup, can ensure the continuity of rainfall monitoring under any weather conditions.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the antenna servo unit includes an azimuth servo mechanism, a pitch servo mechanism, and a polarization servo mechanism, which are respectively used to adjust the azimuth angle, elevation angle, and polarization angle of the antenna in the antenna array unit.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the multi-channel satellite receiving unit includes a high-frequency signal receiver and a multi-channel signal collector; the number of high-frequency signal receivers is equal to the number of antenna array units, all high-frequency signal receivers have the same specifications, and use a unified output interface and protocol; each high-frequency signal receiver collects the satellite signals received by the corresponding antenna array unit one by one, and then performs low-noise amplification, down-conversion and other pre-processing on the high-frequency satellite signals and transmits them to the multi-channel signal collector, and the multi-channel signal collector uniformly packages the multiple signals and then transmits them to the signal processing unit.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the signal processing unit includes a calibration module and a parameter calculation module. The calibration module stores a satellite signal parameter calibration database obtained by previous calibration. The parameter calculation module calculates the collected satellite signal parameters according to the satellite signal parameter calibration database in the calibration module, and then sends the calculated satellite signal parameters together with the signal receiver working status information to the receiving station through the signal transmission unit.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the signal processing unit has a built-in storage card for backup storage of satellite signal data, so as to ensure data integrity when data transmission fails or the communication connection is disconnected.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the signal transmission unit includes a serial port wired transmission module, a mobile network wireless transmission module and a satellite transmission module; the serial port wired transmission module provides a serial port wired transmission function for on-site debugging, calibration and testing of the signal processing unit; the mobile network wireless transmission module provides a mobile network communication function for data backhaul in areas covered by mobile communication networks; the satellite transmission module provides a satellite communication function, and satellite transmission includes but is not limited to Beidou and Zhongxing 16 communication satellites, which are used for data backhaul in areas not covered by mobile communication networks at sea. The three modes are seamlessly switched to ensure real-time and reliable data backhaul.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner, the antenna array formed by the antenna array units is circular or cross-shaped.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the antennas in the antenna array unit include but are not limited to forward-fed and offset-fed parabolic antennas and flat-panel antennas, and the number of antennas in each antenna array unit is no less than 4.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. The present invention can use multiple satellite antennas at a single station to synchronously receive satellite signals of more than three different frequency bands. The received signal frequency bands include X, Ku, Ka, Q, and V bands, which greatly improves the link sampling density of satellite-to-ground link rain measurement.

[0022] 2. The present invention only needs to obtain the received signal strength of the satellite, and does not need to modulate or demodulate to obtain the satellite signal content information. Both public satellites and non-cooperative satellites can be used.

[0023] 3. The present invention is specially designed for rainfall measurement. It only requires knowing the satellite orbit and frequency parameters, without the need to obtain satellite signal content information. It is applicable to existing public broadcast satellites, communication satellites and undisclosed non-cooperative satellites.

[0024] 4. As the core device of the satellite-to-ground link rain measurement method, the present invention has the advantages of low hardware cost, simple operation, high degree of automation, multiple acquisition parameters, unmanned long-term operation, low maintenance cost, and easy promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring involved in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The terms used in the following embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a kind of association relationship describing the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can be represented by: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the front and back associated objects are an "or" relationship. It should be noted that the directional words such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right" described in the embodiments of the present application are described from the angles shown in the accompanying drawings, and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, in the context, it is also necessary to understand that when it is mentioned that an element is connected to another element "on" or "under", it can not only be directly connected to another element "on" or "under", but also can be indirectly connected to another element "on" or "under" through an intermediate element.

[0027] Existing satellite ground receivers generally only have one antenna, one high-frequency head and one satellite receiver. One receiver can only receive one satellite signal. Therefore, one receiver corresponds to one satellite-to-ground link and can only invert the average rainfall intensity on one link. However, one link cannot represent the regional rainfall situation. If regional rainfall needs to be detected, multiple satellite ground receivers must be used to receive signals from different satellites. However, if conventional satellite receiving equipment is used, multiple satellite antennas, high-frequency heads and receivers must be densely deployed, which brings huge hardware facility costs.

[0028] In order to overcome this technical defect, the present invention proposes a single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring.

[0029] Example:

[0030] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring provided by this embodiment is shown, which includes: a base 1, an antenna 2, a protective cover 3, an antenna servo unit 4, a high-frequency signal receiver 5, a multi-channel signal collector 6, a signal processing unit 7, a power supply unit 8, and a signal transmission unit 9. The base 1, the antenna 2, and the protective cover 3 constitute an antenna array unit, and the high-frequency signal receiver 5 and the multi-channel signal collector 6 constitute a multi-channel satellite receiving unit.

[0031] The base 1 is fixed to the ground with a cross channel steel. The antenna 2, the protective cover 3, the antenna servo unit 4 and the high-frequency signal receiver 5 form a group, a total of four groups, which are fixed on the base 1 respectively and symmetrically arranged. The protective cover 3 adopts a glass fiber reinforced plastic spherical structure with a waterproof coating on the outer layer. While protecting the antenna 2, it does not affect the reception of satellite signals and minimizes the influence of the wet antenna on signal attenuation.

[0032] According to the positions of the antenna array units and the preset satellite parameters, the antenna servo unit 4 adjusts the azimuth angle, elevation angle and polarization angle of different antennas to align the antennas with different satellites.

[0033] For each antenna, it can be fixed according to the preset angle, or the azimuth, pitch angle and polarization angle can be adjusted in real time according to measurement needs to point to different satellites and receive signals from different satellites, thereby realizing the measurement of rainfall spaces in different azimuths with a single antenna.

[0034] Four groups of high-frequency signal receivers 5 receive different high-frequency satellite signals respectively, and after low-noise amplification, down-conversion and other processing, they are collected by the multi-channel signal collector 6 at the same sampling frequency, and after adding satellite source and time tags, the signal data is sent to the signal processing unit 7 in real time. The signal sampling frequency is adjustable from 10 times / second to 1 time / minute.

[0035] The signal processing unit 7 stores a calibration database, which stores satellite calibration parameters obtained by previous calibration. After receiving the multi-channel satellite signals sent by the multi-channel signal collector 6, the signal processing unit 7 processes the multi-channel satellite signals into parameters such as signal strength, signal quality, and carrier-to-noise ratio, and then sends them to the receiving station through the signal transmission unit 9. At the same time, the data is stored in the built-in memory card as a backup of the satellite signal data.

[0036] The signal transmission unit 9 includes three functions: serial port wired transmission, mobile network wireless transmission, and satellite transmission. Serial port wired transmission is used for on-site debugging, calibration and testing. Mobile network wireless transmission is used for data backhaul in areas covered by mobile communication networks. Satellite transmission includes but is not limited to Beidou and Zhongxing 16 communication satellites, which are used for data backhaul in areas at sea that are not covered by mobile communication networks. The three modes are seamlessly switched to ensure real-time and reliable data backhaul.

[0037] The power supply unit 8 includes two modes of power supply: mains power supply and solar power supply, which provide uninterrupted power supply for the whole device. It has a large-capacity battery. In the absence of mains power and cloudy conditions, the device can still work for more than 1 week.

[0038] Taking a single station receiving four satellite signals as an example, the working process of the single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring described in this embodiment is as follows:

[0039] 1) Select four satellites with uniform azimuth distribution from the geostationary broadcast satellites, namely, International 15, ChinaSat 9A, Japan Communications 4B, and Asia-Pacific 9;

[0040] 2) According to the orbital parameters and transponder parameters of the four satellites, the azimuth, elevation and polarization angles are set, the corresponding high-frequency head is selected, and the antenna servo unit drives the four antennas 2 respectively to point to the corresponding satellites and receive the corresponding signals;

[0041] 3) The four high-frequency signal receivers 5 corresponding to the four antennas process the corresponding high-frequency signals and output the obtained low-frequency signals to the multi-channel signal collector 6.

[0042] 4) The multi-channel signal collector 6 collects data at a uniform sampling frequency (e.g., 1 time / second), adds satellite source and time tags, and sends the signal data to the signal processing unit 7 in real time;

[0043] 5) The signal processing unit 7 processes the low-frequency signal according to the calibration database obtained in the previous calibration to obtain parameters such as signal strength, signal quality and carrier-to-noise ratio, and sends them together with the status information to the signal transmission unit 9, and synchronously stores them in the local storage card;

[0044] 6) The signal transmission unit 9 packages the satellite signal data and sends it to the receiving station at a transmission frequency of 1 time / minute, preferably by mobile network wireless transmission and secondly by satellite transmission.

[0045] Although the above invention describes the completed embodiments, it is not limited to the above examples. Those skilled in the art who make modifications, alterations and substitutions within the essential scope of the present invention shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring, characterized in that: The device comprises: an antenna array unit, an antenna servo unit, a multi-channel satellite receiving unit, a signal processing unit, a signal transmission unit and a power supply unit; wherein, The power supply unit is used to supply power to the remaining units; The antenna array unit array is set on the ground and is used for directional reception of satellite signals; The antenna servo unit is electrically connected to the antenna array unit, calculates the reception parameters of the corresponding satellite according to the position information of the antenna array unit and the preset satellite orbit parameters, and adjusts the angle of the antenna in the antenna array unit according to the reception parameters to achieve the reception of the corresponding satellite signal; The multi-channel satellite receiving unit is used to synchronously collect satellite signals received by each antenna array unit and send the collected satellite signals to the signal processing unit; The multi-channel satellite receiving unit includes a high-frequency signal receiver and a multi-channel signal collector; the number of high-frequency signal receivers is equal to the number of antenna array units, all high-frequency signal receivers have the same specifications, and use a unified output interface and protocol; each high-frequency signal receiver collects the satellite signal received by the corresponding antenna array unit one by one, and then pre-processes the high-frequency satellite signal and transmits it to the multi-channel signal collector, and the multi-channel signal collector uniformly packages the multi-channel signals and then transmits them to the signal processing unit; The signal processing unit extracts satellite signal parameters from the satellite signals collected by the multi-channel satellite receiving unit and transmits them to the receiving station through the signal transmission unit; The signal processing unit includes a calibration module and a parameter calculation module. The calibration module stores a satellite signal parameter calibration database obtained by previous calibration. The parameter calculation module calculates the collected satellite signal parameters according to the satellite signal parameter calibration database in the calibration module, and then sends the calculated satellite signal parameters together with the working status information of the signal receiver to the receiving station through the signal transmission unit.

2. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply unit comprises a mains power supply device and a solar power supply device.

3. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna servo unit comprises an azimuth servo mechanism, a pitch servo mechanism and a polarization servo mechanism, which are respectively used to adjust the azimuth angle, elevation angle and polarization angle of the antenna in the antenna array unit.

4. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing unit has a built-in memory card for backup storage of satellite signal data.

5. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal transmission unit includes a serial port wired transmission module, a mobile network wireless transmission module and a satellite transmission module; the serial port wired transmission module provides a serial port wired transmission function, which is used for on-site debugging, calibration and testing of the signal processing unit, the mobile network wireless transmission module provides a mobile network communication function, and the satellite transmission module provides a satellite communication function.

6. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The satellite signal parameters include signal strength, signal quality, and carrier-to-noise ratio.

7. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna array formed by the antenna array units is circular or cross-shaped.

8. The single-station multi-satellite signal synchronous acquisition device for regional rainfall monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antennas of the antenna array unit include forward-fed and offset-fed parabolic antennas and flat-panel antennas.

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