Spherical gear reducer

Abstract

The present invention discloses a spherical gear reducer, which is applicable to the field of mechanical transmission. It includes an input device, a plurality of output devices, and a shell. The input device and the plurality of output devices are meshed in the shell. The input device and the plurality of output devices respectively penetrate the shell. The plurality of output devices are slidably connected with the shell. The reducer can change the angle between the output shaft and the input shaft at any time during the transmission process, so as to facilitate the timely adjustment of the output angle. The spherical gear skeleton of the input shaft is manufactured by powder metallurgy 3D printing technology to balance the mass of the spherical gear, so that the centrifugal force is evenly distributed during the rotation of the spherical gear. The spherical gear adopts segmented teeth. While ensuring that the meshing modulus with the output shaft bevel gear remains unchanged, the number of teeth of the spherical gear is changed through the transition area on the spherical gear to avoid wear of the output shaft bevel gear when it is meshed in the transition area. The transmission area and the transition area position and the angle of the output shaft are marked on the observation port of the shell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gear reducer, in particular to a spherical gear reducer suitable for use in the field of mechanical transmission. Background Art

[0002] The reducer plays the role of matching the speed and transmitting the torque between the prime mover and the working machine or the actuator, and is widely used in modern machinery. The existing reducer cannot change the angle of the output shaft during the transmission process, and can only be completed through the steering mechanism, resulting in problems such as complex transmission and high equipment costs. When using the existing spherical gear transmission device or spherical gear reducer, when changing the angle or direction of the output shaft, the output shaft changes a small angle, and it is difficult to change a large angle. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technology, a spherical gear reducer is provided which has a simple structure, is easy to use, and can conveniently and quickly change the output shaft angle of the reducer and the transfer case during the transmission process.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the spherical gear reducer of the present invention comprises a housing, wherein an input device and an output device meshing with each other are arranged in the housing, wherein the input device and the output device respectively penetrate the housing, and the output device is slidably connected to the housing;

[0005] The input device comprises two sets of input shaft bearing groups, the two sets of input shaft bearing groups are fixedly connected to the two ends of the housing respectively, an input shaft is passed through the two sets of input shaft bearing groups, the input shaft bearing group is fixedly connected to the input shaft, a spherical gear is passed through the input shaft between the two sets of input shaft bearing groups, and the input shaft is key-connected to the spherical gear;

[0006] The output device comprises an output shaft, a bevel gear is provided at the end of the output shaft, and a built-in bearing group and an external bearing seat are respectively provided in the middle section of the output shaft, wherein the bevel gear is matched and meshed with the spherical gear, and the bevel gear can drive the output shaft to slide along the outer arc line of the spherical gear while matching and meshing with the spherical gear, thereby changing the angle between the output shaft and the input shaft; the output shaft extends out through an opening on the housing, the built-in bearing group is located inside the housing, and the external bearing group is located outside the housing.

[0007] A pair of coiled springs are respectively provided at both ends of the opening on the shell, and both ends of the sliding sealing sheet are respectively connected to two groups of coiled springs fixed on the shell. The two ends of the sliding sealing sheet are rolled in or out of the coiled springs as the output shaft rotates. The sliding sealing sheet is rubber or a rollable thin steel sheet. The opening on the sliding sealing sheet is the same as the extended section of the intermediate shaft section of the output shaft. The output shaft extends out of the sliding sealing sheet, and the sliding sealing sheet is slidably connected to the shell to ensure that the interior of the shell is still sealed after the output shaft moves.

[0008] Furthermore, the internal bearing group and the external bearing group are respectively provided with pulley groups, and the pulley groups are used to drive the output shaft to change position and angle in the housing when the bevel gear slides along the outer arc line of the spherical gear.

[0009] Furthermore, an auxiliary plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the shell, an external bearing group slide is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary plate, the external bearing group slide is slidably connected to the pulley group on the external bearing group, and an internal bearing group slide is arranged inside the shell, the internal bearing group slide is slidably connected to the pulley group on the internal bearing group.

[0010] Furthermore, the spherical gear includes a shaft cylinder for fixing on the input shaft, a gear ring with a spherical arc surface is provided on the outside of the shaft cylinder, and a connected and fixed skeleton is provided between the shaft cylinder and the gear ring; wherein the skeleton is printed on the shaft cylinder using powder metallurgy 3D printing technology, and the skeleton and the gear ring are fixed by bolts or welding, thereby reducing the weight of the spherical gear itself and reducing the centrifugal force during rotation.

[0011] Furthermore, the gear ring is a segmented tooth structure, and the gear ring includes a transmission zone and a transition zone arranged at intervals. The transmission zone is meshed with the bevel gear, and the transmission zone increases and decreases the diameter of the gear rings of multiple transmission zones through the transition zone, thereby forming a spherical gear structure. The gear ring utilizes the transition zone structure to change the number of teeth in the transmission zone, and the number of teeth in each transmission zone is different from the number of teeth in the adjacent transmission zone; a transparent observation port is provided on the shell, and the observation port is marked with an angle scale of the output shaft and the positions of the transmission zone and the transition zone, and the size of the observation port is not less than the rotation range of the output shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the output shaft slides on the spherical gear and the included angle range between the output shaft and the input shaft is 0-45 degrees.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of the output devices arranged in the shell is 1-6.

[0014] Further, the output device can be arranged in various ways: a reverse single-side output shaft structure, a forward single-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a forward multi-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a single-side bidirectional output shaft structure, and a multi-side bidirectional output structure;

[0015] The positive single-side output shaft structure is that the output shaft is arranged in the same direction as the input device;

[0016] The reverse single-side output shaft structure is that the output shaft is arranged in opposite directions to the input device;

[0017] The reverse multi-side output shaft structure comprises two sets of output devices, the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear, and the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are arranged in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0018] The positive multi-side output shaft structure comprises two sets of output devices, the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear, and the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are arranged in the same direction as the input device;

[0019] The heterogeneous multi-side output shaft structure comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear, the output shaft of one group of output devices is in the same direction as the input device, and the output shaft of the other group of output devices is in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0020] The single-side bidirectional output shaft structure comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are arranged on one side of the spherical gear and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shaft of one group of output devices is in the same direction as the input device, and the output shaft of the other group of output devices is in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0021] The multi-side bidirectional output structure comprises four groups of output devices, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are arranged on the upper side of the spherical gear and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are arranged on the lower side of the spherical gear and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are in the same direction as the input device, and the output shafts of the other two groups of output devices are in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0022] The multi-side bidirectional output structure also includes six groups of output devices, of which the output shafts of three groups of output devices are arranged in the same direction as the input shaft at an angle of 120°, and the output shafts of the other three groups of output devices are arranged in the opposite direction to the input shaft at an angle of 120°.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The reducer of the present invention can change the angle between the output shaft and the input shaft at any time during the transmission process, so as to facilitate timely adjustment of the output angle. The spherical gear skeleton of the input shaft is manufactured by powder metallurgy 3D printing technology, which can balance the mass of the spherical gear and alleviate the problem of uneven centrifugal force distribution during the rotation of the spherical gear. At the same time, the spherical gear adopts segmented teeth. While ensuring that the meshing modulus with the output shaft bevel gear remains unchanged, the number of teeth of the spherical gear is changed through the transition area on the spherical gear. In order to avoid wear caused by the meshing of the output shaft bevel gear in the transition area, the transmission area and transition area positions as well as the angle of the output shaft are marked on the observation port of the shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the reverse single-side output spherical gear reducer of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the output device in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the housing in the present invention;

[0027] FIG4 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spherical gear in the present invention;

[0028] FIG4( b ) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spherical gear in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the tooth surface of a spherical gear in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a positive single-side output spherical gear reducer in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a positive multi-side output spherical gear reducer in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the spherical gear reducer with different directions and multiple sides output in the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a spherical gear reducer with single-side bidirectional output in the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-side bidirectional output spherical gear reducer in the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 The figure is a schematic diagram of the shaft distribution of the gear reducer of the present invention with six sets of output shafts.

[0036] In the figure: 1-input shaft, 2-input shaft bearing group 3-housing, 31-auxiliary plate, 32-external bearing group slideway, 33-internal bearing group slideway, 4-output shaft, 5-internal bearing group, 6-curled spring, 7-spherical gear, 71-shaft cylinder, 72-skeleton, 73-gear ring, 731-transmission area, 732-transition area, 8-external bearing group, 9-sliding seal, 10-bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the spherical gear reducer of the present invention comprises a housing 3, in which an input device and an output device meshing with each other are arranged, wherein the input device and the output device respectively penetrate the housing, and the output device is slidably connected to the housing 3;

[0039] like Figure 2As shown, the input device includes two sets of input shaft bearing groups 2, the two sets of input shaft bearing groups 2 are fixedly connected to the two ends of the housing 3 respectively, an input shaft 1 is passed through the two sets of input shaft bearing groups 2, the input shaft bearing group 2 is fixedly connected to the input shaft 1, a spherical gear 7 is passed through the input shaft 1 between the two sets of input shaft bearing groups 2, and the input shaft 1 is key-connected to the spherical gear 7; the spherical gear 7 includes a shaft cylinder 71 for fixing on the input shaft 1, a gear ring 73 with a spherical arc surface is provided on the outer side of the shaft cylinder 71, and a skeleton 72 connected and fixed is provided between the shaft cylinder 71 and the gear ring 73; wherein the skeleton 72 is printed on the shaft cylinder 71 by powder metallurgy 3D printing technology, and the skeleton 72 and the gear ring 73 are fixed by bolts or welding, thereby reducing the weight of the spherical gear 7 itself and reducing the rotation process The centrifugal force in; the gear ring 73 is a segmented tooth structure, the gear ring 73 includes a transmission area 731 and a transition area 732 arranged at intervals, the transmission area 731 is meshed with the bevel gear 10, the transmission area 731 increases and decreases the gear ring diameters of multiple transmission areas 731 through the transition area 732, thereby forming a spherical gear structure, the gear ring 73 uses the transition area 732 structure to change the number of teeth in the transmission area 731, and the number of teeth in each transmission area 731 is different from the number of teeth in the adjacent transmission area 731; a transparent observation port is provided on the housing 3, and the observation port is marked with an angle scale of the output shaft 4 and the positions of the transmission area 731 and the transition area 732. The size of the observation port is not less than the rotation range of the output shaft 4, and the output shaft 4 slides on the spherical gear 7. The angle range with the input shaft 1 is 0-45 degrees.

[0040] As shown in Figures 4(a), 4(b) and Figure 5 As shown, the output device includes an output shaft 4, an end of the output shaft 4 is provided with a bevel gear 10, and the middle section of the output shaft 4 is respectively provided with a built-in bearing group 5 and an external bearing seat 8, wherein the bevel gear 10 is matched and meshed with the spherical gear 7, and the bevel gear 10 can drive the output shaft 4 to slide along the outer arc of the spherical gear 7 while matching and meshing with the spherical gear 7, thereby changing the angle between the output shaft 4 and the input shaft 1; the output shaft 4 extends out through the opening on the housing 3, the built-in bearing group 5 is located inside the housing 3, and the external bearing group 8 is located outside the housing 3; the built-in bearing group 5 and the external bearing group 8 are respectively provided with pulley groups, and the pulley groups are used to match the bevel gear 10 to slide along the outer arc of the spherical gear 7 to drive the output shaft 4 to change position and angle in the housing 3.

[0041] like Figure 3As shown, a pair of coiled springs 6 are respectively arranged at both ends of the opening on the housing 3, and the two ends of the sliding sealing sheet 9 are respectively connected to the two groups of coiled springs 6 fixed on the housing. The two ends of the sliding sealing sheet 9 are rolled in or out of the coiled springs 6 as the output shaft rotates. The sliding sealing sheet 9 is a rubber or a rollable thin steel sheet. The opening on the sliding sealing sheet 9 is the same as the extended section of the middle shaft section of the output shaft 4. The output shaft 4 extends the sliding sealing sheet 9, and the sliding sealing sheet 9 is slidably connected to the housing 3 to ensure that the interior of the housing 3 is still sealed after the output shaft 4 moves. An auxiliary plate 31 is fixedly connected to the outside of the housing 3, and an external bearing group slideway 32 is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary plate 31. The external bearing group slideway 32 is slidably connected to the pulley group on the external bearing group 8. An internal bearing group slideway 33 is arranged inside the housing 3, and the internal bearing group slideway 33 is slidably connected to the pulley group on the external bearing group 5.

[0042] like Figure 6-Figure 11 As shown, the number of output devices arranged in the housing 3 is 1-6. Specifically, the output devices can be arranged in various ways: a reverse single-side output shaft structure, a forward single-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a forward multi-side output shaft structure, a different-direction multi-side output shaft structure, a single-side bidirectional output shaft structure, and a multi-side bidirectional output structure;

[0043] The positive single-side output shaft structure is that the output shaft is arranged in the same direction as the input device;

[0044] The reverse single-side output shaft structure is that the output shaft is arranged in opposite directions to the input device;

[0045] The reverse multi-side output shaft structure includes two sets of output devices, the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear 7, and the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are arranged in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0046] The positive multi-side output shaft structure includes two sets of output devices, the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear 7, and the output shafts of the two sets of output devices are arranged in the same direction as the input device;

[0047] The said structure of the output shafts in different directions and on different sides comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or on the left and right sides of the spherical gear 7, the output shafts of one group of output devices are in the same direction as the input devices, and the output shafts of the other group of output devices are in the opposite direction to the input devices;

[0048] The single-sided bidirectional output shaft structure includes two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are arranged on the upper side of the spherical gear 7 and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shaft of one group of output devices is in the same direction as the input device, and the output shaft of the other group of output devices is in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0049] The multi-side bidirectional output structure includes four groups of output devices, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are arranged on the upper side of the spherical gear 7 and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are arranged on the lower side of the spherical gear 7 and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are in the same direction as the input device, and the output shafts of the other two groups of output devices are in the opposite direction to the input device;

[0050] The multi-side bidirectional output structure also includes six groups of output devices, of which the output shafts of three groups of output devices are arranged in the same direction as the input shaft at an angle of 120°, and the output shafts of the other three groups of output devices are arranged in the opposite direction to the input shaft at an angle of 120°.

Claims

1. A spherical gear reducer, characterized in that: It comprises a housing (3), wherein an input device and an output device which mesh with each other are arranged in the housing (3), wherein the input device and the output device respectively penetrate the housing, and the output device is slidably connected to the housing (3); The input device comprises two sets of input shaft bearing groups (2), the two sets of input shaft bearing groups (2) are fixedly connected to the two ends of the housing (3), an input shaft (1) is passed through the two sets of input shaft bearing groups (2), the input shaft bearing group (2) is fixedly connected to the input shaft (1), a spherical gear (7) is passed through the input shaft (1) between the two sets of input shaft bearing groups (2), and the input shaft (1) and the spherical gear (7) are key-connected; The output device comprises an output shaft (4), an end of the output shaft (4) is provided with a bevel gear (10), and a middle section of the output shaft (4) is provided with an internal bearing group (5) and an external bearing group (8), wherein the bevel gear (10) is matched and meshed with the spherical gear (7), and the bevel gear (10) can drive the output shaft (4) to slide along the outer arc of the spherical gear (7) while matching and meshing with the spherical gear (7), thereby changing the angle between the output shaft (4) and the input shaft (1); the output shaft (4) extends out through an opening on the housing (3), the internal bearing group (5) is located inside the housing (3), and the external bearing group (8) is located outside the housing (3); The spherical gear (7) comprises a shaft cylinder (71) for fixing on the input shaft (1), a gear ring (73) with a spherical arc surface is arranged on the outer side of the shaft cylinder (71), the gear ring (73) is a segmented tooth structure, the gear ring (73) comprises a transmission area (731) and a transition area (732) arranged at intervals, and the number of teeth of each transmission area (731) is different from the number of teeth of an adjacent transmission area (731).

2. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pairs of coil springs (6) are respectively provided at both ends of the opening on the housing (3). Both ends of the sliding sealing sheet (9) are respectively connected to the two sets of coil springs (6) fixed on the housing. Both ends of the sliding sealing sheet (9) are rolled into or rolled out of the coil springs (6) as the output shaft rotates. The sliding sealing sheet (9) is a rubber or a rollable thin steel sheet. The opening on the sliding sealing sheet (9) is the same as the extended section of the intermediate shaft section of the output shaft (4). The output shaft (4) extends out of the sliding sealing sheet (9). The sliding sealing sheet (9) is slidably connected to the housing (3) to ensure that the interior of the housing (3) is still sealed after the output shaft (4) moves.

3. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal bearing group (5) and the external bearing group (8) are respectively provided with pulley groups, and the pulley groups are used to match the bevel gear (10) to drive the output shaft (4) to change position and angle in the housing (3) when sliding along the outer arc line of the spherical gear (7).

4. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 3, characterized in that: An auxiliary plate (31) is fixedly connected to the outside of the housing (3), an external bearing group slideway (32) is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary plate (31), the external bearing group slideway (32) is slidably connected to a pulley group on the external bearing group (8), and an internal bearing group slideway (33) is arranged inside the housing (3), the internal bearing group slideway (33) is slidably connected to a pulley group on the internal bearing group (5).

5. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A skeleton (72) is provided between the shaft cylinder (71) and the gear ring (73) for connection and fixing. The skeleton (72) is formed by printing on the shaft cylinder (71) using powder metallurgy 3D printing technology, and the skeleton (72) and the gear ring (73) are fixed by bolts or welding, thereby reducing the weight of the spherical gear (7) itself and the centrifugal force during the rotation process.

6. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The transmission area (731) meshes with the bevel gear (10), and the transmission area (731) increases and decreases the diameter of the gear rings of the plurality of transmission areas (731) through the transition area (732), thereby forming a spherical gear structure, and the gear ring (73) changes the number of teeth of the transmission area (731) by utilizing the structure of the transition area (732); a transparent observation port is provided on the housing (3), and the observation port is marked with an angle scale of the output shaft (4) and the positions of the transmission area (731) and the transition area (732), and the size of the observation port is not less than the rotation range of the output shaft (4).

7. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output shaft (4) slides on the spherical gear (7) so that the included angle between the output shaft (4) and the input shaft (1) is in the range of 0-45 degrees.

8. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of output devices arranged in the housing (3) is 1-6.

9. The spherical gear reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output device can be arranged in various ways: a reverse single-side output shaft structure, a forward single-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a forward multi-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a reverse multi-side output shaft structure, a single-side bidirectional output shaft structure, and a multi-side bidirectional output structure; The positive single-side output shaft structure is that the output shaft is arranged in the same direction as the input device; The reverse single-side output shaft structure is that the output shaft is arranged in opposite directions to the input device; The reverse multi-side output shaft structure comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear (7), and the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are arranged in opposite directions to the input device; The positive multi-side output shaft structure comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear (7), and the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are arranged in the same direction as the input device; The heterogeneous multi-side output shaft structure comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides or the left and right sides of the spherical gear (7), the output shafts of one group of output devices are in the same direction as the input devices, and the output shafts of the other group of output devices are in the opposite direction to the input devices; The single-sided bidirectional output shaft structure comprises two groups of output devices, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are arranged on one side of the spherical gear (7) and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shaft of one group of output devices is in the same direction as the input device, and the output shaft of the other group of output devices is in the opposite direction to the input device; The multi-side bidirectional output structure comprises four groups of output devices, the output shafts of two groups of output devices are arranged on the upper side of the spherical gear (7) and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shafts of the other two groups of output devices are arranged on the lower side of the spherical gear (7) and are arranged opposite to each other, the output shafts of the two groups of output devices are in the same direction as the input devices, and the output shafts of the other two groups of output devices are in the opposite direction to the input devices; The multi-side bidirectional output structure also includes six groups of output devices, of which the output shafts of three groups of output devices are arranged in the same direction as the input shaft at an angle of 120°, and the output shafts of the other three groups of output devices are arranged in the opposite direction to the input shaft at an angle of 120°.

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