A high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device and observation method in goaf area

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device in a goaf area, comprising a laser signal receiving wall, an automatic leveling adjustment platform, a laser emitting port A, a laser emitting port B, a circuit receiving module board, a laser receiver M, and a laser receiver N. A microcomputer receiving control system and a laser receiver M are embedded in the front end face of the laser signal receiving wall, the laser emitting port B is connected to the ground plane through the automatic leveling adjustment platform, and the laser emitting port A, the laser receiver N and a circuit receiving module board are all embedded in the side surface of the train. The settlement observation method thereof includes five steps, namely, positioning of the roadbed observation equipment, construction of the laser signal receiving wall, assembly of the vehicle body observation structure, settlement observation, and settlement judgment. The present invention achieves the purpose of accurately detecting the settlement monitoring of the roadbed in the goaf area under the premise of consuming a relatively small cost; at the same time, it realizes the real-time judgment and early warning of the train operation status under the condition of uneven settlement in the comparison site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device and an observation method in a goaf area, belonging to the technical field of engineering detection. Background Art

[0002] my country has rich underground resources, and the area of ​​ground subsidence caused by mining has continued to expand in the past few decades. With the rapid development of the economy, my country's high-speed railway network has gradually formed a "four vertical and four horizontal" scale in recent years. With its amazing development speed and strong strength, my country's high-speed rail has won high recognition from the international community. However, due to the existence of many goafs in provinces with large underground resource mining, the planning and popularization of high-speed railways has become difficult, seriously lagging behind the development of my country's transportation industry. High-speed rail EMUs are extremely sensitive to uneven settlement of the roadbed. The current track geometry state detector (track inspection car) can only monitor the rails during the railway operation window period. There are many restrictions and a lot of manpower is required. Although it can guarantee a certain degree of accuracy, the efficiency is not high. The uneven settlement of the roadbed is extremely threatening to the safe operation of the EMU.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to find a settlement monitoring device and method suitable for high-speed railway roadbed in goaf areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device and observation method in a goaf area.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A high-speed railway subsidence monitoring device for a goaf site comprises a laser signal receiving wall, an automatic leveling adjustment platform, a laser emitting port A, a laser emitting port B, a circuit receiving module board, a laser receiver M, a laser receiver N and a microcomputer receiving control system. The laser signal receiving wall is a wall structure with a rectangular cross section and parallel to the railway axis, and its lower end surface is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through a plurality of automatic leveling adjustment platforms. There are two circuit receiving module boards, and both are electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system. One of the circuit receiving module boards and the laser receiver M are embedded in the front end surface of the laser signal receiving wall and are parallel to the horizontal plane. The laser receiver M is electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, and the optical axis of the laser receiver M is perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall. There is at least one laser emitting port B, which is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through the automatic leveling adjustment platform, and the optical axis of the laser emitting port B is parallel to the optical axis of the laser receiver M. Distribution, laser emission port A, laser receiver N and another circuit receiving module board are embedded in the side surface of the train opposite to the laser signal receiving wall, laser emission port A and laser receiver N are electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, laser emission port A and laser receiver N optical axes are parallel to the laser receiver M and laser emission port B optical axes, wherein the laser emission port A optical axis and the laser receiver M optical axis are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, and the laser receiver N and the laser emission port B optical axis are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, there are two microcomputer receiving control systems, the two microcomputer receiving control systems are connected through a communication network, one of the microcomputer receiving control systems is embedded in the rear end face of the laser signal receiving wall, and the other microcomputer receiving control system is embedded in the train, wherein the microcomputer receiving control system located at the laser signal receiving wall is electrically connected to each automatic leveling adjustment platform and the laser emission port B respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the automatic level adjustment platform includes a bearing base, a lifting drive mechanism, a three-dimensional turntable, a three-dimensional displacement stage, a bearing plate, a positioning fixture, a photovoltaic power generation panel, a battery pack, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, an inclination sensor, and a drive circuit. The bearing base is a columnar cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section. The battery pack and the drive circuit are both embedded in the bearing base. The three-dimensional turntable is located directly above the bearing base and is coaxially distributed with the bearing base. The lower end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base through at least one lifting drive mechanism. The upper end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the bearing plate through a three-dimensional displacement stage. The bearing plate is a trough-shaped structure with a "凵"-shaped cross-section. The positioning fixture is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing plate and is coaxially distributed. A number of photovoltaic power generation panels are respectively wrapped on the upper end surface of the bearing plate and the outer surface of the bearing base. A number of displacement sensors are respectively located on the lifting drive mechanism and the three-dimensional displacement stage. There is at least one angle sensor and one inclination sensor, which are respectively connected to the three-dimensional turntable. The lifting drive mechanism, the three-dimensional turntable, the three-dimensional displacement stage, the photovoltaic power generation panel, the battery pack, the displacement sensor, the angle sensor, and the inclination sensor are all electrically connected to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is additionally electrically connected to a microcomputer receiving control system.

[0008] Furthermore, when there is one lifting drive mechanism, the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing base and is coaxially distributed; when there are two or more lifting drive mechanisms, each lifting drive mechanism is evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing base and is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base. The lifting drive mechanism can be any one of an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a lead screw mechanism, a gear rack mechanism, and a worm gear mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the drive circuit is a circuit system based on an industrial single-chip microcomputer, and a charge and discharge control circuit is additionally provided.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance between the laser signal receiving wall and the laser emission port B and the outer side of the railway is 5 - 10 meters. The laser emission port A is located above the first bogie of the train and 10 cm below the lower side of the carriage window.

[0011] Furthermore, the circuit receiving module board has a width of 5 - 10 cm. A number of laser receivers M and a number of laser receivers N are evenly distributed on the front end surface of each circuit receiving module board. The rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board is slidably connected to the laser signal receiving wall through an adjustment mechanism and can be displaced 0 - 50 cm in the vertical direction through the adjustment mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes a linear drive guide rail, a slider, a brake, and a displacement sensor, wherein the linear drive guide rails are at least two and are distributed parallel to each other, the linear drive guide rails are distributed perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall, and each linear drive guide rail is connected to the rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board through at least two sliders, a brake and a displacement sensor are also provided on the slider, the brake and the displacement sensor are both connected to the linear drive guide rail, and the linear drive guide rail, brake, and displacement sensor are also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer surfaces of the laser receiver M and the laser receiver N are both provided with tempered glass protection panels.

[0014] Furthermore, the microcomputer receiving control system is a circuit data processing system based on any one of an industrial computer, a PC computer and a mobile intelligent communication terminal.

[0015] A settlement observation method for a high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device in a goaf area comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1, positioning of roadbed observation equipment, according to the suitability of the construction site in the goaf area and the evaluation of foundation stability, to meet the requirements of roadbed stability under load conditions, select the starting position of the laser receiving wall outside the influence range of the goaf area settlement of the planned line, arrange the level surface, and fix the set point laser transmitter module B. After the transmitter module is installed, it is at the same height as the center line position of the EMU body circuit receiving module board;

[0017] S2, construction of laser signal receiving wall. An independent foundation is excavated and set up within the range of 5-10m outside the roadbed that is not affected by the dynamic load of the train. After the foundation is completed, the laser receiving wall is erected. The length of the receiving wall extends along the roadbed to cover the entire length of the affected range of the goaf. If the conditions for setting up an independent foundation on the site are limited, an isolation trench is set up between the laser receiving wall and the roadbed. When affected by uneven settlement of the site, it is necessary to ensure that the wall can be placed vertically, and establish data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system and remote monitoring platform on the train.

[0018] S3, body observation structure assembly, a laser receiver module circuit receiving module board Q with a body length and width of 5 cm is built in the body position 10 cm below the window of the EMU compartment, and a laser emission port A is built in the body position 10 cm above the window of the compartment corresponding to the first bogie at the front end of the EMU, which controls the laser emission inside the train and establishes data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the laser signal receiving wall and the remote monitoring platform;

[0019] S4, settlement observation. Before the train runs to the position of laser transmitter module B, turn on laser transmitter modules A and B respectively, and record the vertical displacement of the train body during the movement through the laser receiver module circuit receiving module board. The feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board Q is the change of vertical displacement of the body during the movement before entering the goaf site, and judge whether the EMU has corrugation; the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board P is the change of vertical displacement of the body during the movement after entering the goaf site, and judge whether the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and the corrugation position and settlement position can be judged by the corresponding sensor number.

[0020] S5, settlement judgment, if the P and Q feedback signals of the circuit receiving module board are both drawn into the visualization graph as straight lines, it means that there is no residual settlement deformation of the roadbed in the site, the rails have not produced corrugation, and the train operation is safe; if the P and Q feedback signals of the circuit receiving module board are both drawn into the visualization graph as curves and the changes are consistent, it means that there is no residual settlement deformation of the roadbed in the site, but the rails have produced corrugation, and proper operation and maintenance are required; if the Q feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board is a straight line, the P feedback signal is a curve and the floating range is within 2mm / 10m, it means that the rails have not produced corrugation, but the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and proper operation and maintenance are required; if the Q feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board is a straight line, the P feedback signal is a curve and the floating range exceeds 2mm / 10m, it means that there is no corrugation of the rails, but the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and immediate warning is required and operation and maintenance of the goaf site section is required.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The device and construction method for monitoring the subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf areas provided by the present invention utilize the advantages of small laser emission angle, high measurement accuracy, long distance measurement, and stable and reliable results to achieve subsidence monitoring of subgrade in goaf areas at a relatively low cost.

[0023] (2) The present invention can obtain the actual accurate running track of the train by setting up a "road-to-vehicle" bidirectional laser transmitting and receiving module in the venue, and can visualize the settlement monitoring through the microcomputer control terminal, and compare in real time whether there is uneven settlement in the venue according to the coding position.

[0024] (3) The feedback signal from the bidirectional laser sensor can be used to comprehensively judge whether the train is operating normally and to issue a real-time warning when uneven settlement occurs on the site, further ensuring the safety of high-speed railway operations in similar sites such as goafs, karst and collapsible loess. This not only makes the planning and development of the national high-speed rail network more convenient, but also highlights the significance of the construction of "green mines". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an automatic leveling adjustment platform;

[0027] Figure 3 It is another structural schematic diagram of the automatic leveling adjustment platform;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the observation method flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 3 , a high-speed railway subsidence monitoring device for a goaf area includes a laser signal receiving wall 1, an automatic leveling adjustment platform 2, a laser emitting port A3, a laser emitting port B4, a circuit receiving module board 5, a laser receiver M6, a laser receiver N7 and a microcomputer receiving control system 8. The laser signal receiving wall 1 is a wall structure with a rectangular cross section and parallel to the railway axis. Its lower end surface is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through a plurality of automatic leveling adjustment platforms 2. There are two circuit receiving module boards 5, and both are electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system 8. One of the circuit receiving module boards 5 and the laser receiver M6 are embedded in the front end surface of the laser signal receiving wall 1 and are parallel to the horizontal plane. The laser receiver M6 is electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board 5, and the optical axis of the laser receiver M6 is perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall 1. There is at least one laser emitting port B4, which is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through the automatic leveling adjustment platform 2, and the optical axis of the laser emitting port B4 is parallel to the optical axis of the laser receiver M6. The laser emission port A3, the laser receiver N7 and another circuit receiving module board 5 are all embedded in the side surface of the train 9 opposite to the laser signal receiving wall 1. The laser emission port A3 and the laser receiver N7 are electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board 5. The optical axes of the laser emission port A3 and the laser receiver N7 are parallel to the optical axes of the laser receiver M6 and the laser emission port B4. The optical axis of the laser emission port A3 and the optical axis of the laser receiver M6 are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane. The optical axis of the laser receiver N7 and the laser emission port B4 are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane. There are two microcomputer receiving control systems 8. The two microcomputer receiving control systems 8 are connected through a communication network. One of the microcomputer receiving control systems 8 is embedded in the rear end face of the laser signal receiving wall 1, and the other microcomputer receiving control system 8 is embedded in the train 9. The microcomputer receiving control system 8 located at the laser signal receiving wall 1 is also electrically connected to each automatic leveling adjustment platform 2 and the laser emission port B4.

[0030] It should be specifically noted that the automatic level adjustment platform 2 includes a bearing base 21, a lifting drive mechanism 22, a three-dimensional turntable 23, a three-dimensional displacement table 24, a bearing plate 25, a positioning fixture 26, a photovoltaic power generation panel 27, a battery pack 28, a displacement sensor 29, an angle sensor 201, an inclination sensor 202, and a drive circuit 203. The bearing base 21 is a columnar cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section. The battery pack 28 and the drive circuit 203 are both embedded in the bearing base 21. The three-dimensional turntable 23 is located directly above the bearing base 21 and is coaxially distributed with the bearing base 21. The lower end surface of the three-dimensional turntable 23 is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base 21 through at least one lifting drive mechanism 22. The upper end surface of the three-dimensional turntable 23 is connected to the bearing plate 25 through a three-dimensional displacement table 24. The bearing plate 25 is a trough-shaped structure with a "凵" - shaped cross-section. The positioning fixture 26 is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing plate 25 and is coaxially distributed. A plurality of photovoltaic power generation panels 27 are respectively coated on the upper end surface of the bearing plate 25 and the outer surface of the bearing base 21. A plurality of displacement sensors 29 are respectively located on the lifting drive mechanism 22 and the three-dimensional displacement table 24. There is at least one angle sensor 201 and at least one inclination sensor 202, and they are respectively connected to the three-dimensional turntable 23. The lifting drive mechanism 22, the three-dimensional turntable 23, the three-dimensional displacement table 24, the photovoltaic power generation panel 27, the battery pack 28, the displacement sensor 29, the angle sensor 201, and the inclination sensor 202 are all electrically connected to the drive circuit 203, and the drive circuit 203 is also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system 8.

[0031] It is worth noting that when there is one lifting drive mechanism 22, the lifting drive mechanism 22 is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing base 21 and is coaxially distributed; when there are two or more lifting drive mechanisms 22, each lifting drive mechanism 22 is evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing base 21 and is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base 21. The lifting drive mechanism 22 can be any one of an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a lead screw mechanism, a gear - rack mechanism, and a worm - gear mechanism.

[0032] Meanwhile, the photovoltaic power generation panel 27 is slidably connected to the bearing base 21 and the bearing plate 25 through a guiding slide rail 204, and the guiding slide rail 204 is hinged to the bearing base 21 and the bearing plate 25 through a hinge mechanism 205.

[0033] In this embodiment, the drive circuit 203 is a circuit system based on an industrial single - chip microcomputer, and a charge - discharge control circuit is additionally provided.

[0034] It is worth noting that the distance between the laser signal receiving wall 1 and the laser emission port B4 and the outer side of the railway is 5 - 10 meters, and the laser emission port A3 is located above the first bogie of the train 9 and 10 cm below the lower side of the carriage window.

[0035] In addition, the circuit receiving module board 5 has a width of 5-10 cm, and there are a plurality of laser receivers M6 and laser receivers N7, which are evenly distributed on the front end surface of each circuit receiving module board 5, and the rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board 5 is slidably connected to the laser signal receiving wall 1 through an adjustment mechanism 10, and is displaced 0-50 cm in the vertical direction through the adjustment mechanism 10.

[0036] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 10 includes a linear drive guide rail 101, a slider 102, a brake 103, and a displacement sensor 29, wherein the linear drive guide rails 101 are at least two and are distributed parallel to each other, the linear drive guide rails 101 are distributed perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall 1, and each linear drive guide rail 101 is connected to the rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board 5 through at least two sliders 102, and a brake 103 and a displacement sensor 29 are also provided on the slider 102, the brake 103 and the displacement sensor 29 are connected to the linear drive guide rail 101, and the linear drive guide rail 101, the brake 103, and the displacement sensor 29 are also electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system 8.

[0037] As a further optimization, the outer surfaces of the laser receiver M and the laser receiver N are both provided with tempered glass protection panels.

[0038] Further optimized, the microcomputer receiving control system is a circuit data processing system based on any one of an industrial computer, a PC computer and a mobile intelligent communication terminal.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, a settlement observation method of a high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device in a goaf area includes the following steps:

[0040] S1, positioning of roadbed observation equipment, according to the suitability of the construction site in the goaf area and the evaluation of foundation stability, to meet the requirements of roadbed stability under load conditions, select the starting position of the laser receiving wall outside the influence range of the goaf area settlement of the planned line, arrange the level surface, and fix the set point laser transmitter module B. After the transmitter module is installed, it is at the same height as the center line position of the EMU body circuit receiving module board;

[0041] S2, construction of laser signal receiving wall. An independent foundation is excavated and set up within the range of 5-10m outside the roadbed that is not affected by the dynamic load of the train. After the foundation is completed, the laser receiving wall is erected. The length of the receiving wall extends along the roadbed to cover the entire length of the affected range of the goaf. If the conditions for setting up an independent foundation on the site are limited, an isolation trench is set up between the laser receiving wall and the roadbed. When affected by uneven settlement of the site, it is necessary to ensure that the wall can be placed vertically, and establish data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system and remote monitoring platform on the train.

[0042] S3, body observation structure assembly, a laser receiver module circuit receiving module board Q with a body length and width of 5 cm is built in the body position 10 cm below the window of the EMU compartment, and a laser emission port A is built in the body position 10 cm above the window of the compartment corresponding to the first bogie at the front end of the EMU, which controls the laser emission inside the train and establishes data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the laser signal receiving wall and the remote monitoring platform;

[0043] S4, settlement observation. Before the train runs to the position of laser transmitter module B, turn on laser transmitter modules A and B respectively, and record the vertical displacement of the train body during the movement through the laser receiver module circuit receiving module board. The feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board Q is the change of vertical displacement of the body during the movement before entering the goaf site, and judge whether the EMU has corrugation; the feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board P is the change of vertical displacement of the body during the movement after entering the goaf site, and judge whether the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and the corrugation position and settlement position can be judged by the corresponding sensor number.

[0044] S5, settlement judgment, if the P and Q feedback signals of the circuit receiving module board are both drawn into the visualization graph as straight lines, it means that there is no residual settlement deformation of the roadbed in the site, the rails have not produced corrugation, and the train operation is safe; if the P and Q feedback signals of the circuit receiving module board are both drawn into the visualization graph as curves and the changes are consistent, it means that there is no residual settlement deformation of the roadbed in the site, but the rails have produced corrugation, and proper operation and maintenance are required; if the Q feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board is a straight line, the P feedback signal is a curve and the floating range is within 2mm / 10m, it means that the rails have not produced corrugation, but the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and proper operation and maintenance are required; if the Q feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board is a straight line, the P feedback signal is a curve and the floating range exceeds 2mm / 10m, it means that there is no corrugation of the rails, but the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and immediate warning is required and operation and maintenance of the goaf site section is required.

[0045] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] (1) The device and construction method for monitoring the subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf areas provided by the present invention utilize the advantages of small laser emission angle, high measurement accuracy, long distance measurement, and stable and reliable results to achieve subsidence monitoring of subgrade in goaf areas at a relatively low cost.

[0047] (2) The present invention can obtain the actual accurate running track of the train by setting up a "road-to-vehicle" bidirectional laser transmitting and receiving module in the venue, and can visualize the settlement monitoring through the microcomputer control terminal, and compare in real time whether there is uneven settlement in the venue according to the coding position.

[0048] (3) The feedback signal from the bidirectional laser sensor can be used to comprehensively judge whether the train is operating normally and to issue a real-time warning when uneven settlement occurs on the site, further ensuring the safety of high-speed railway operations in similar sites such as goafs, karst and collapsible loess. This not only makes the planning and development of the national high-speed rail network more convenient, but also highlights the significance of the construction of "green mines".

[0049] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device in a goaf area, characterized by: The high-speed railway subsidence monitoring device for the goaf site includes a laser signal receiving wall, an automatic leveling adjustment platform, a laser emitting port A, a laser emitting port B, a circuit receiving module board, a laser receiver M, a laser receiver N and a microcomputer receiving control system. The laser signal receiving wall is a wall structure with a rectangular cross section and parallel to the railway axis. Its lower end face is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through a number of automatic leveling adjustment platforms. There are two circuit receiving module boards, which are both electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system. One of the circuit receiving module boards and the laser receiver M are embedded in the front end face of the laser signal receiving wall and are parallel to the horizontal plane. The laser receiver M is electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, and the optical axis of the laser receiver M is perpendicular to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall. There is at least one laser emitting port B, which is connected to the ground plane on one side of the railway through the automatic leveling adjustment platform, and the optical axis of the laser emitting port B is parallel to the optical axis of the laser receiver M. The laser emission port A, laser receiver N and another circuit receiving module board are all embedded in the side surface of the train that is opposite to the laser signal receiving wall, wherein the laser emission port A and laser receiver N are electrically connected to the circuit receiving module board, and the optical axes of the laser emission port A and laser receiver N are parallel to the optical axes of the laser receiver M and the laser emission port B, wherein the optical axis of the laser emission port A and the optical axis of the laser receiver M are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, and the optical axes of the laser receiver N and the laser emission port B are distributed in the same plane parallel to the horizontal plane, and there are two microcomputer receiving control systems, which are connected through a communication network, one of which is embedded in the rear end face of the laser signal receiving wall, and the other is embedded in the train, wherein the microcomputer receiving control system located at the laser signal receiving wall is electrically connected to each automatic leveling adjustment platform and the laser emission port B respectively; The described automatic level adjustment platform includes a bearing base, a lifting drive mechanism, a three-dimensional turntable, a three-dimensional displacement table, a bearing plate, a positioning fixture, a photovoltaic power generation panel, a battery pack, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, an inclination sensor, and a drive circuit. The bearing base is a columnar cavity structure with a rectangular axial cross-section. The battery pack and the drive circuit are both embedded in the bearing base. The three-dimensional turntable is located directly above the bearing base and is coaxially distributed with the bearing base. The lower end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base through at least one lifting drive mechanism. The upper end surface of the three-dimensional turntable is connected to the bearing plate through a three-dimensional displacement table. The bearing plate is a trough-shaped structure with a "凵" - shaped cross-section. The positioning fixture is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing plate and is coaxially distributed. There are several photovoltaic power generation panels, which are respectively wrapped on the upper end surface of the bearing plate and the outer surface of the bearing base. There are several displacement sensors, which are respectively located on the lifting drive mechanism and the three-dimensional displacement table. There is at least one angle sensor and one inclination sensor, which are respectively connected to the three-dimensional turntable. The lifting drive mechanism, the three-dimensional turntable, the three-dimensional displacement table, the photovoltaic power generation panel, the battery pack, the displacement sensor, the angle sensor, and the inclination sensor are all electrically connected to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit is additionally electrically connected to a microcomputer receiving control system; The distance between the described laser signal receiving wall and the laser emission port B and the outer side of the railway is 5 - 10 meters. The laser emission port A is located above the first bogie of the train, 10 cm below the side of the carriage window.

2. The device for monitoring subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 1 is characterized by: When there is one lifting drive mechanism, the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the upper end surface of the bearing base and is coaxially distributed; when there are two or more lifting drive mechanisms, each lifting drive mechanism is evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing base and is connected to the outer surface of the bearing base. The lifting drive mechanism can be any one of an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a lead screw mechanism, a gear rack mechanism, and a worm and worm gear mechanism.

3. The device for monitoring subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 1 is characterized by: The described drive circuit is a circuit system based on an industrial single-chip microcomputer, and a charge and discharge control circuit is additionally provided.

4. The device for monitoring subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described circuit receiving module board has a width of 5 - 10 cm. There are several laser receivers M and several laser receivers N, which are evenly distributed on the front end surface of each circuit receiving module board. The rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board is slidably connected to the laser signal receiving wall through an adjustment mechanism and can be displaced 0 - 50 cm in the vertical direction through the adjustment mechanism.

5. The device for monitoring subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 4 is characterized by: The described adjustment mechanism includes linear drive rails, sliders, brakes, and displacement sensors. Among them, there are at least two linear drive rails that are parallel to each other. The linear drive rails are perpendicularly distributed to the axis of the laser signal receiving wall. Each linear drive rail is connected to the rear end surface of the circuit receiving module board through at least two sliders. There is another brake and a displacement sensor on each slider. The brake and the displacement sensor are both connected to the linear drive rail. The linear drive rail, the brake, and the displacement sensor are additionally all electrically connected to the microcomputer receiving control system.

6. The device for monitoring subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 4 is characterized by: Tempered glass protection panels are provided on the outer surfaces of the described laser receivers M and laser receivers N.

7. The device for monitoring subsidence of high-speed railway subgrade in goaf area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcomputer receiving control system is a circuit data processing system based on any one of an industrial computer, a PC computer and a mobile intelligent communication terminal.

8. A settlement observation method based on the high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device in a goaf area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The settlement observation method of the high-speed railway roadbed settlement monitoring device in the goaf area comprises the following steps: S1, positioning of roadbed observation equipment, according to the suitability of the construction site in the goaf area and the evaluation of foundation stability, to meet the requirements of roadbed stability under load conditions, select the starting position of the laser receiving wall outside the influence range of the goaf area settlement of the planned line, arrange the level surface, and fix the set point laser transmitter module B. After the transmitter module is installed, it is at the same height as the center line position of the EMU body circuit receiving module board; S2, construction of laser signal receiving wall. An independent foundation is excavated and set up within the range of 5-10m outside the roadbed that is not affected by the dynamic load of the train. After the foundation is completed, the laser receiving wall is erected. The length of the receiving wall extends along the roadbed to cover the entire length of the affected range of the goaf. If the conditions for setting up an independent foundation on the site are limited, an isolation trench is set up between the laser receiving wall and the roadbed. When affected by uneven settlement of the site, it is necessary to ensure that the wall can be placed vertically, and establish data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system and remote monitoring platform on the train. S3, body observation structure assembly, a laser receiver module circuit receiving module board Q with a body length and width of 5 cm is built in the body position 10 cm below the window of the EMU compartment, and a laser emission port A is built in the body position 10 cm above the window of the compartment corresponding to the first bogie at the front end of the EMU, which controls the laser emission inside the train and establishes data connection between the microcomputer receiving control system and the microcomputer receiving control system on the laser signal receiving wall and the remote monitoring platform; S4, settlement observation. Before the train runs to the position of laser transmitter module B, turn on laser transmitter modules A and B respectively, and record the vertical displacement of the train body during the movement through the laser receiver module circuit receiving module board. The Q feedback signal is the vertical displacement change of the body during the movement before entering the goaf site, and judge whether the EMU has corrugation; the circuit receiving module board P feedback signal is the vertical displacement change of the body during the movement after entering the goaf site, and judge whether the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and the corrugation position and settlement position can be judged by the corresponding sensor number. S5, settlement judgment, if the P and Q feedback signals of the circuit receiving module board are both drawn into the visualization graph as straight lines, the train operation is safe; if the P and Q feedback signals are both drawn into the visualization graph as curves and the changes are consistent, it means that there is no residual settlement deformation of the roadbed in the site, but the rails have corrugated and require appropriate operation and maintenance; if the Q feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board is a straight line, the P feedback signal is a curve and the floating range is within 2mm / 10m, it means that there is no corrugation of the rails, but the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and appropriate operation and maintenance is required; if the Q feedback signal of the circuit receiving module board is a straight line, the P feedback signal is a curve and the floating range exceeds 2mm / 10m, it means that there is no corrugation of the rails, but the roadbed in the site has uneven settlement caused by residual deformation, and immediate warning is required and operation and maintenance of the goaf site section is required.

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