Energy-absorbing braking device and energy-absorbing braking method

Abstract

The present invention provides an energy-absorbing braking device and an energy-absorbing braking method. The energy-absorbing braking device includes: a bumper beam, which is restricted by a limiting component and remains parallel to the vehicle body cross beam; two sets of two-link components, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the limiting component, and both ends of the two-link components are pivotally connected to the bumper beam and the vehicle body cross beam; and at least one tension spring, which is arranged in parallel between the bumper beam and the vehicle body cross beam, and both ends of the tension spring are respectively connected to the hinge nodes of the two-link components, and the tension spring provides a reset pulling force for restricting the hinge nodes from expanding outwards on both sides. The present invention can make full use of the vehicle body width to provide a long-distance energy-absorbing stroke, greatly reduce the thickness of the energy-absorbing device, reduce the occupation of the vehicle interior space, and enhance the flexibility of vehicle driving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle braking, and more specifically, to an energy-absorbing braking device and an energy-absorbing braking method. Background Art

[0002] A new energy flatbed truck refers to a new type of flatbed transport vehicle that uses unconventional vehicle fuels, such as pure electric, fuel cell, etc. as the power source. Under the operating conditions of the flatbed transport vehicle, an effective anti-collision mechanism design is required to protect the safety of the vehicle, etc.;

[0003] Figure 1 For vehicles with an anti-collision system in the prior art. As Figure 1 the existing vehicle shown, an anti-collision system 10' with shock absorption is installed on the body cross beam 12 at the head of the vehicle body 13. The anti-collision system 10' usually uses energy-absorbing components arranged parallel to the impact direction, for example: springs. For special vehicles with a large mass, in order to improve the effect of the energy-absorbing components, the stroke length of the energy-absorbing components must be greatly increased, resulting in a huge overall thickness of the anti-collision system 10', seriously occupying the internal space of the vehicle and also being unfavorable to the flexibility of vehicle driving.

[0004] And the existing anti-collision beams either directly undergo collision deformation and absorb energy by material strength without a good buffering effect, resulting in the failure of the anti-collision effect, or there is buffering, but the anti-collision beam drives the mechanism to collapse backward when absorbing energy, requiring a long buffering space. The vehicle has no feedback signal and will not stop suddenly, and the long buffering space occupies the internal space of the vehicle.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an energy-absorbing braking device and an energy-absorbing braking method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-absorbing braking device and an energy-absorbing braking method, which overcome the difficulties of the prior art, can make full use of the vehicle body width to provide a long energy-absorbing stroke, greatly reduce the thickness of the energy-absorbing device, reduce the occupation of the vehicle internal space, and enhance the flexibility of vehicle driving.

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides an energy-absorbing braking device, including

[0008] a collision beam, which is restricted by a limiting component and remains parallel to the vehicle body cross beam;

[0009] two sets of bendable two-link components, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the limiting component, and both ends of the two-link component are respectively pivotally connected to the collision beam and the vehicle body cross beam; and

[0010] At least one tension spring, which is arranged parallel between the anti-collision beam and the vehicle body cross beam, and both ends of the tension spring are respectively connected to the hinge joints of the two-link assembly, and the tension spring provides a restoring tension force to restrain the hinge joints from expanding outwards on both sides.

[0011] Preferably, when the anti-collision beam moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam under pressure, the hinge joints of the two-link assembly respectively move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body to convert the displacement of the anti-collision beam towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring reduces the outward movement of the hinge joints through the restoring tension force.

[0012] Preferably, as the distance between the anti-collision beam and the vehicle body cross beam decreases, the distance between the hinge joints of the two-link assembly increases, and the restoring tension force of the tension spring also increases.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting assembly includes:

[0014] A linear limiting support, which is arranged on one side of the anti-collision beam,

[0015] A follower, which is arranged on the vehicle body cross beam, the follower is matched with the linear limiting support, the guiding direction of the linear limiting support is perpendicular to the vehicle body cross beam, and the direction of the restoring tension force of the tension spring is perpendicular to the direction of guiding the follower by the linear limiting support.

[0016] Preferably, each group of the two-link assembly includes a first link, a second link and a hinge joint. The first end of the first link and the first end of the second link are respectively pivotally connected to the anti-collision beam and the vehicle body cross beam, and the second end of the first link and the first end of the second link are respectively connected to the hinge joint.

[0017] Preferably, the second link includes a pivot hole arranged in the middle and a first strut and a second strut distributed on both sides of the pivot hole and forming an angle. The first side of the free end of the first strut is connected to the hinge joint, the pivot hole is pivotally connected to the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam, and detection modules are respectively arranged along the inner side of the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam. When the second strut leaves the detection area of the detection module, a braking signal is generated.

[0018] Preferably, an anti-collision energy absorption part is respectively arranged on the outer side of the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam. When braking and absorbing energy, the second side of the free end of the first strut is elastically supported to reduce the displacement of the anti-collision beam towards the vehicle body cross beam.

[0019] Preferably, the second link rotates based on the pivot seat. As the second strut leaves the detection area of the detection module, the first link presses towards the anti-collision energy absorption part.

[0020] Preferably, both ends of the tension spring are respectively connected to the hinge node through connecting support rods.

[0021] Preferably, it includes two tension springs, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the linear limit support, and the tension springs are connected through connecting support rods.

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy-absorbing braking method, which adopts the above energy-absorbing braking device, and includes: when the bumper beam 1 moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam under pressure, the hinge nodes 3 of the two-link assembly respectively move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body 13 to convert the displacement of the bumper beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring 11 reduces the outward movement of the hinge node 3 through the reset tension to absorb the impact energy.

[0023] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy-absorbing braking method, which adopts the above energy-absorbing braking device, and includes:

[0024] In the first stage, when the bumper beam moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam under pressure, the hinge nodes of the two-link assembly respectively move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body to convert the displacement of the bumper beam towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring reduces the outward movement of the hinge node through the reset tension to absorb the impact energy;

[0025] In the second stage, when the bumper beam continues to move and displace towards the vehicle body cross beam, the second support rod leaves the detection area of the detection module, and then a braking signal is generated.

[0026] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an energy-absorbing braking method, which adopts the above energy-absorbing braking device, and includes:

[0027] In the first stage, when the bumper beam moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam under pressure, the hinge nodes of the two-link assembly respectively move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body to convert the displacement of the bumper beam towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring reduces the outward movement of the hinge node through the reset tension to absorb the impact energy;

[0028] In the second stage, when the bumper beam continues to move and displace towards the vehicle body cross beam, the second support rod leaves the detection area of the detection module, and then a braking signal is generated;

[0029] In the third stage, the first link presses against the anti-collision energy-absorbing part, and the anti-collision energy-absorbing part elastically supports the second side of the free end of the first support rod to reduce the displacement of the bumper beam towards the vehicle body cross beam.

[0030] Preferably, the third stage occurs before the second stage.

[0031] Preferably, the third stage and the second stage occur simultaneously.

[0032] The energy-absorbing braking device and method of the present invention can make full use of the vehicle body width to provide a long energy-absorbing stroke, greatly reduce the thickness of the energy-absorbing device, reduce the occupation of the vehicle interior space, enhance the flexibility of vehicle driving, and can also automatically generate a braking signal in a non-contact detection manner to perform braking in advance, improving the safety of vehicle driving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 A vehicle with a collision avoidance system in the prior art.

[0035] Figure 2 A vehicle with the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention installed on the vehicle body crossmember.

[0037] Figure 4 Three-dimensional view of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 Normal state schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the state of the second link in the normal state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the primary energy-absorbing state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the state of the second link in the primary energy-absorbing state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the secondary energy-absorbing state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the state of the second link in the secondary energy-absorbing state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention.

[0044] REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0045] 1 Anti-collision beam

[0046] 2 First link

[0047] 3 Hinge joint

[0048] 4 Second link

[0049] 5 Detection Module

[0050] 5A Detection Area

[0051] 6 Anti-Collision Energy Absorbing Part

[0052] 7 Linear Limit Support

[0053] 8 Follower

[0054] 9 Connecting Rod

[0055] 10 Energy Absorbing Braking Device

[0056] 11 Tension Spring

[0057] 12 Body Cross Beam

[0058] 13 Body

[0059] D1 First Spacing

[0060] D2 Second Spacing

[0061] D3 Third Spacing

[0062] L1 First Length

[0063] L2 Second Length

[0064] L3 Third Length Detailed Implementation Manner

[0065] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals in the figures denote like or similar structures, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted.

[0066] Figure 2 A vehicle with the energy absorbing braking device of the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the energy absorbing braking device of the present invention installed on the body cross beam. Figure 4 A perspective view of the energy absorbing braking device of the present invention. As Figures 2 to 4As shown in the figure, the energy-absorbing braking device 10 of the present invention is provided on the body cross beam 12 at the head of the body 13 of the flatbed transporter. The energy-absorbing braking device 10 includes: a bumper beam 1, a linear limit support 7, a follower 8, two sets of foldable two-link assemblies, and a tension spring 11. The bumper beam 1 is parallel to the vehicle body cross beam 12. The linear limit support 7 is provided on one side of the bumper beam 1. The follower 8 is provided on the vehicle body cross beam 12. The follower 8 cooperates with the linear limit support 7, and the guiding direction of the linear limit support 7 is perpendicular to the vehicle body cross beam 12. The two sets of foldable two-link assemblies are respectively provided on both sides of the linear limit support 7. The two ends of the two-link assembly are respectively pivotally connected to the bumper beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12. And the tension spring 11 is arranged in parallel between the bumper beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12. The two ends of the tension spring 11 are respectively connected to the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly. In the present invention, through the cooperation of the two-link assembly and the tension spring 11 arranged along the vehicle body width direction, the impact force along the vehicle body length direction is converted into an expansion force that drives the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly to displace respectively to both sides, and the tension spring 11 is used to restrain and offset this expansion force, restraining the hinge joints 3 to displace respectively to both sides, so that the tension spring 11 arranged along the vehicle body width direction can offset the impact force along the vehicle body length direction. Obviously, arranging the tension spring 1 along the vehicle body width direction will greatly reduce the thickness of the energy-absorbing braking device 10 along the vehicle body length direction, which is beneficial to providing a long energy-absorbing stroke, reducing the occupation of the vehicle internal space, and enhancing the driving flexibility of the vehicle.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the follower 8 in this embodiment protrudes from the middle of the vehicle body cross beam 12. The follower 8 moves linearly along the guidance of the linear limit support 7 to keep the bumper beam 1 parallel to the vehicle body cross beam, but not limited thereto.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, when the bumper beam 1 is impacted frontally, the two ends of the energy-absorbing tension spring 11 are connected by a connecting rod between the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly, so that the acting force generated by the obstacle colliding with the bumper beam 1 is reduced by an angular multiple through the rotation of the two-link assembly, and is absorbed in cooperation with the energy-absorbing effect of the tension spring 11, but not limited thereto.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, when the inclined side of the bumper beam 1 collides, one side of the bumper beam 1 can also drive the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly to stretch the tension spring to absorb energy, but not limited thereto.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, when the bumper beam 1 moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam 12 under pressure, the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly move outwards respectively to both sides of the vehicle body 13 to convert the displacement of the bumper beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam 12, and the tension spring 11 reduces the lateral outward movement of the hinge joints 3 through the reset tension, but not limited thereto.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, as the distance between the anti-collision beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12 decreases, the distance between the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly increases, and the reset tension of the tension spring 11 also increases, but not limited thereto.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the direction of the reset tension of the tension spring 11 is perpendicular to the direction of the guide follower 8 of the linear limit support 7, but not limited thereto.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, each set of two-link assemblies includes a first link 2, a second link 4, and a hinge joint 3. The first end of the first link 2 and the first end of the second link 4 are respectively pivotally connected to the anti-collision beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12, and the second end of the first link 2 and the first end of the second link 4 are respectively connected to the hinge joint 3, but not limited thereto.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment, the second link 4 rotates based on the pivot seat. As the second support rod 42 leaves the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, the first link 2 presses against the anti-collision energy absorption part 6, but not limited thereto.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, both ends of the tension spring 11 are respectively connected to the hinge joint 3 through the connecting support rod 9, but not limited thereto.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, two tension springs 11 are included, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the linear limit support 7. The tension springs 11 are connected through the connecting support rod 9. By serially arranging a plurality of tension springs 11, tension springs with a smaller radius can be used, reducing the cost and volume, but not limited thereto.

[0077] The present invention also provides an energy absorption braking method, which adopts the above energy absorption braking device having a two-link assembly and a tension spring 11, and includes: when the anti-collision beam 1 moves towards the vehicle body cross beam 12 under pressure, the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly move outward to both sides of the vehicle body 13 respectively, converting the displacement of the anti-collision beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam 12, and the tension spring 11 absorbs the impact energy by reducing the outward movement of the hinge joints 3 through the reset tension.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, on the basis of the above-mentioned energy-absorbing braking device 10 having a two-link assembly and a tension spring 11, the second link 4 includes a pivot hole provided in the middle and a first strut 41 and a second strut 42 distributed on both sides of the pivot hole and forming an angle. The first side of the free end of the first strut 41 is connected to the hinge joint 3. The pivot hole is pivotally connected to the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam 12. Detection modules 5 are respectively arranged along the inner side of the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam 12. When the second strut 42 leaves the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, a braking signal is generated. The detection module 5 in this embodiment is composed of three major parts: an oscillator, a switching circuit, and an amplification output circuit. The oscillator generates an alternating magnetic field. When a metal target approaches this magnetic field and reaches the induction distance, eddy currents are generated in the metal target, resulting in oscillation attenuation and oscillation stop. The changes in the oscillation and stop of the oscillator are processed by the subsequent amplifier circuit and converted into a switching signal to trigger the driving control device, thus achieving the purpose of non-contact detection. Under normal conditions, the second strut 42 made of metal is within the detection range of the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, and no braking signal will be generated. However, after an impact, the displacement of the anti-collision beam 1 drives the second strut 42 in the two-link assembly to rotate and leave the detection area 5A of the detection module 5. Then, the detection module 5 can no longer detect the second strut 42 in the detection area 5A, and a braking signal is generated and sent to the vehicle driving system to perform braking in a timely manner.

[0079] The present invention also provides an energy-absorbing braking method, which uses the above-mentioned energy-absorbing braking device having a two-link assembly, a tension spring 11, and a detection module 5, and includes:

[0080] In the first stage, when the anti-collision beam 1 moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam 12 under pressure, the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly move outward towards both sides of the vehicle body 13 respectively to convert the displacement of the anti-collision beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam. The tension spring 11 reduces the outward movement of the hinge joint 3 through the reset tension and absorbs the impact energy.

[0081] In the second stage, when the anti-collision beam 1 continues to displace towards the vehicle body cross beam 12, the second strut 42 leaves the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, and a braking signal is generated.

[0082] The present invention also provides another energy-absorbing braking method. On the basis of the above-mentioned energy-absorbing braking device 10 having a two-link assembly, a tension spring 11, and a detection module 5, an anti-collision energy-absorbing part 6 is respectively arranged along the outer side of the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam 12. When braking and absorbing energy, the second side of the free end of the first strut 41 that elastically supports reduces the displacement of the anti-collision beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam 12. In this embodiment, the tension spring 11 can be used as the energy-absorbing component in the first stage to achieve the main energy-absorbing effect, while the anti-collision energy-absorbing part 6 can be used as the energy-absorbing component in the second stage to achieve the secondary energy-absorbing effect. After the two are used together, the energy-absorbing effect is better.

[0083] The present invention also provides another energy-absorbing braking method, which uses the energy-absorbing braking device having the two-link assembly, the tension spring 11, the detection module 5, and the anti-collision energy-absorbing part 6 as described above, and includes:

[0084] In the first stage, when the bumper beam 1 moves and displaces towards the vehicle body cross beam 12 under pressure, the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly move outward to both sides of the vehicle body 13 respectively, converting the displacement of the bumper beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam. The tension spring 11 absorbs the impact energy by reducing the outward movement of the hinge joints 3 through the reset tension.

[0085] In the second stage, when the bumper beam 1 continues to displace towards the vehicle body cross beam 12, the second strut 42 leaves the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, and then a braking signal is generated.

[0086] In the third stage, the first link 2 presses against the anti-collision energy-absorbing part 6, and the anti-collision energy-absorbing part 6 elastically supports the second side of the free end of the first strut 41 to reduce the displacement of the bumper beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam.

[0087] In a variant, by adjusting the lengths of some links of the two-link assembly, the third stage can occur before the second stage, generating a braking signal as early as possible and sending it to the vehicle driving system for timely braking, but not limited thereto.

[0088] In a variant, by adjusting the lengths of some links of the two-link assembly, the third stage and the second stage can occur simultaneously, but not limited thereto.

[0089] The specific implementation manner of the present invention is as follows:

[0090] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the normal state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention. Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the second link in the normal state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, in the normal state without impact, the bumper beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12 are parallel to each other. The first distance between the bumper beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12 is D1, and the first length between the two hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly is L1. The second strut 42 made of metal is within the detection range of the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, and no braking signal will be generated.

[0091] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the first-stage energy-absorbing state of the energy-absorbing braking device of the present invention. Figure 8Schematic diagram of the state of the second link in the primary energy absorption state of the energy absorption braking device of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, when the bumper beam 1 moves under pressure towards the vehicle body cross beam 12, the hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body 13 respectively to convert the displacement of the bumper beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring 11 reduces the outward movement of the hinge joints 3 through the reset tension to absorb the impact energy. At this time, the second distance between the bumper beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12 is D2, and the second length between the two hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly is L2, D1 > D2, and L2 > L 1， At this time, the two hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly are subjected to stronger pulling forces to reduce the second length L 2。 When the displacement of the bumper beam 1 drives the second strut 42 in the two-link assembly to rotate and leave the detection area 5A of the detection module 5, the detection module 5 can no longer detect the second strut 42 in the detection area 5A, and a braking signal is generated and sent to the vehicle driving system to perform braking in a timely manner.

[0092] Different from the common solution of starting braking after the energy absorption is completely finished, the present invention can also start the braking mode in advance during the energy absorption process through a non-contact detection method. Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the secondary energy absorption state of the energy absorption braking device of the present invention. Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the state of the second link in the secondary energy absorption state of the energy absorption braking device of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, due to the large impact force, when the bumper beam 1 continues to move under pressure towards the vehicle body cross beam 12, the first link 2 continues to press against the anti-collision energy absorption part 6, and the anti-collision energy absorption part 6 elastically supports the second side of the free end of the first strut 41 to reduce the displacement of the bumper beam 1 towards the vehicle body cross beam and further absorb the impact energy. At this time, the third distance between the bumper beam 1 and the vehicle body cross beam 12 is D3, and the third length between the two hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly is L3, D2 > D3, and L3 > L 2， At this time, the two hinge joints 3 of the two-link assembly are subjected to the strongest binding force provided by the tension spring 11 to reduce the third length L 3， In this state, there are the tension spring 11 and the anti-collision energy absorption part 6 to absorb energy, and the timely start of braking to provide braking force. Under the combined action of these three methods, the present invention can fully reduce the damage caused by impact and more effectively protect the vehicle.

[0093] When the impact force is withdrawn, the anti-collision energy absorption part 6 automatically returns to its initial state, and moreover, the reset tension of the tension spring 11 drives the two-link assembly back to its initial state (see Figure 5 、 6 ), realizing the automatic recovery of the energy absorption braking device.

[0094] In summary, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy-absorbing braking device and an energy-absorbing braking method, which can make full use of the vehicle body width to provide a long energy-absorbing stroke, greatly reduce the thickness of the energy-absorbing device, reduce the occupation of the vehicle interior space, enhance the flexibility of vehicle driving, and can also automatically generate a braking signal in a non-contact detection manner to perform braking in advance, improving the safety of vehicle driving.

[0095] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, and all should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-absorbing braking device, characterized in that, Comprising: An anti-collision beam (1), which is restricted by a limiting component and remains parallel to the vehicle body cross beam; Two sets of two-link components, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the limiting component, and both ends of the two-link component are respectively pivotally connected to the anti-collision beam (1) and the vehicle body cross beam; and At least one tension spring (11), the tension spring (11) is arranged in parallel between the anti-collision beam (1) and the vehicle body cross beam, both ends of the tension spring (11) are respectively connected to the hinge joint (3) of the two-link component, the tension spring (11) provides a restoring tensile force to restrict the hinge joint (3) from expanding outwards on both sides, and both ends of the tension spring (11) are respectively connected to the hinge joint (3) through connecting support rods (9); each set of the two-link component includes a first link (2), a second link (4) and a hinge joint (3), the first end of the first link (2) is pivotally connected to the anti-collision beam (1), the first end of the second link (4) is pivotally connected to the vehicle body cross beam, the second ends of the first link (2) and the second link (4) are respectively connected to the hinge joint (3), the second link (4) includes a pivot hole arranged in the middle and a first support rod (41) and a second support rod (42) which are distributed on both sides of the pivot hole and form an angle, the first side of the free end of the first support rod (41) is connected to the hinge joint (3), the pivot hole is pivotally connected to the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam, a detection module (5) is arranged along the inner side of the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam, when the second support rod (42) leaves the detection area (5A) of the detection module (5), a braking signal is generated, and an anti-collision energy absorption part (6) is arranged along the outer side of the pivot seat of the vehicle body cross beam. When braking and absorbing energy, the anti-collision energy absorption part (6) elastically supports the second side of the free end of the first support rod (41) to reduce the displacement of the anti-collision beam (1) towards the vehicle body cross beam. The second link (4) rotates based on the pivot seat. As the second support rod (42) leaves the detection area (5A) of the detection module (5), the first support rod (41) presses against the anti-collision energy absorption part (6). When the anti-collision beam (1) moves towards the vehicle body cross beam under pressure, the hinge joints (3) of the two-link component move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body (13) respectively to convert the displacement of the anti-collision beam (1) towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring (11) reduces the outward movement of the hinge joint (3) through the restoring tensile force.

2. The energy-absorbing braking device according to claim 1, wherein The limiting component includes: A linear limiting support (7), which is arranged on one side of the anti-collision beam (1); A follower (8), which is arranged on the vehicle body cross beam, the follower (8) cooperates with the linear limiting support (7), the guiding direction of the linear limiting support (7) is perpendicular to the vehicle body cross beam, and the direction of the restoring tensile force of the tension spring (11) is perpendicular to the direction in which the linear limiting support (7) guides the follower (8).

3. The energy-absorbing braking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Comprising two tension springs (11), which are respectively arranged on both sides of the linear limiting support (7), and the tension springs (11) are connected through a connecting support rod (9).

4. An energy-absorbing braking method, characterized in that, An energy-absorbing braking device as claimed in claim 1, comprising: when the bumper beam (1) moves under pressure towards the vehicle body cross beam, the articulated joints (3) of the two-link assembly move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body (13) respectively to convert the displacement of the bumper beam (1) towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring (11) reduces the outward movement of the articulated joints (3) through the restoring tension to absorb the impact energy.

5. An energy-absorbing braking method, characterized in that, An energy-absorbing braking device as claimed in claim 1, comprising: In the first stage, when the bumper beam (1) moves under pressure towards the vehicle body cross beam, the articulated joints (3) of the two-link assembly move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body (13) respectively to convert the displacement of the bumper beam (1) towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring (11) reduces the outward movement of the articulated joints (3) through the restoring tension to absorb the impact energy; In the second stage, when the bumper beam (1) continues to move towards the vehicle body cross beam, the second strut (42) leaves the detection area (5A) of the detection module (5), and a braking signal is generated.

6. An energy-absorbing braking method, characterized in that, An energy-absorbing braking device as claimed in claim 1, comprising: In the first stage, when the bumper beam (1) moves under pressure towards the vehicle body cross beam, the articulated joints (3) of the two-link assembly move outwards towards both sides of the vehicle body (13) respectively to convert the displacement of the bumper beam (1) towards the vehicle body cross beam, and the tension spring (11) reduces the outward movement of the articulated joints (3) through the restoring tension to absorb the impact energy; In the second stage, when the bumper beam (1) continues to move towards the vehicle body cross beam, the second strut (42) leaves the detection area (5A) of the detection module (5), and a braking signal is generated; In the third stage, the first link (2) presses against the anti-collision energy-absorbing part (6), and the anti-collision energy-absorbing part (6) elastically supports the second side of the free end of the first strut (41) to reduce the displacement of the bumper beam (1) towards the vehicle body cross beam.

7. The energy-absorbing braking method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third stage occurs before the second stage.

8. The energy-absorbing braking method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The third stage and the second stage occur simultaneously.

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