A production line and method for shelling, drying and sorting camellia seeds

Abstract

The invention discloses a production line and method for shelling, drying and sorting camellia seeds, and belongs to the technical field of camellia oil production equipment. The production line includes a shelling device, a drum screening device, a transfer and sorting device, a shell recycling device, a drying device, a wind selection device and a storage device. The shelling device includes a shelling trough, a shelling lifting structure, multiple shelling structures, a shelling storage bin, a spiral feeding structure and a spiral discharging structure. The drum screening device includes a screening trough, a screening lifting structure, two drum screens, a shell lifting structure and a camellia seed lifting structure. The transfer and sorting device includes a camellia seed conveying belt, a transfer storage bin, a three-way slide pipe, a blowing specific gravity screen, a drying trough and a drying lifting structure. The drying device includes multiple drying bins, multiple hot air furnaces and a drying feeding belt. The shell recycling device includes a shell storage bin, a sorting platform, a fuel supply bin, a fuel trough and a fuel lifting structure. Camellia oil can be produced on a large scale, and the camellia seeds are dried using the shells as fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tea oil production equipment, and in particular relates to a production line and method for shelling, drying and sorting tea seeds. Background Art

[0002] With the increase of population and the reduction of cultivated land, vigorously developing woody oil has become the main channel to solve the serious shortage of edible oil for human beings in the world today. Camellia oleifera seed oil is a pure natural high-grade edible vegetable oil extracted from the mature seeds of common camellia oleifera of the Theaceae family. It is golden or light yellow in color, pure in quality, clear and transparent, with a fragrant smell and pure taste. Regular consumption has the effects of lowering cholesterol, increasing high-density lipoprotein, reducing low-density lipoprotein, lowering blood lipids, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, improving immunity, resisting radiation, scavenging free radicals, and preventing tumors. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has listed it as a healthy edible oil for key promotion.

[0003] After picking, the tea fruit needs to be shelled, the shell and seeds separated, dried and air-selected. The processed tea seeds can be sold directly or used directly to prepare camellia oil.

[0004] For example, the patent with application number CN201820838864.4 discloses a processing device for camellia seeds before refrigeration, including a drying structure, a winnowing structure and a storage structure connected in sequence by a transmission belt or a lifting structure; the drying structure includes at least one hot air furnace, a drying bin arranged in the left and right directions, a discharging belt arranged at the bottom of the front side of the drying bin in the left and right directions, a feeding belt and a guide rail arranged at the top of the drying bin in the left and right directions, a discharging trolley slidably arranged on the guide rail and cooperating with the feeding belt, and a feeding structure on one side of the feeding belt; the drying bin is composed of a plurality of sub-drying bins arranged side by side in the left and right directions; the top of each sub-drying bin is provided with a feeding trolley which cooperates with the discharging trolley and can be opened and closed The upper exhaust port is provided at the bottom thereof, and a mesh plate with a middle part convex upwardly is provided to divide the sub-drying bin into a drying chamber and a lower air supply chamber from top to bottom; a strip gap for unloading is provided between the left and right sides of the mesh plate and the inner wall of the sub-drying bin on the corresponding side, and a flap for closing and opening the strip gap is provided in the strip gap, and a discharge port is respectively provided on the left and right sides of the bottom of the sub-drying bin and above the discharge belt, and a discharge slope inclined downward from back to front is provided below the strip gap and connected to the discharge port; an upper hot air inlet is provided at the upper part of the drying chamber, and a lower hot air inlet and an openable and closable lower exhaust port are provided on the lower air supply chamber, and the upper hot air inlet and the lower hot air inlet are optionally connected to the hot air furnace.

[0005] The applicant discovered the following problems when using the aforementioned processing device to process camellia seeds:

[0006] (1) As tea oil becomes more and more popular, the small workshop production method cannot meet the market demand. The existing technology urgently needs a large-scale production line, such as increasing the shelling speed, increasing the screening speed and increasing the degree of automation;

[0007] (2) In the prior art, most tea fruits are purchased from farmers. Different farmers may process the tea fruits differently (for example, they may peel the shells and separate the shells and seeds for transportation), such as peeling or not peeling the shells. After peeling, the shells may have different contents, moisture content, etc. In the prior art, it is easier to process tea seeds with different moisture contents (using different drying chambers), while other types of tea seeds are difficult to process;

[0008] (3) Large-scale processing of tea seeds will produce a large amount of fruit shells, which are difficult to handle. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides a production line and method for shelling, drying and sorting camellia seeds, which can produce camellia oil on a large scale and has more application scenarios. The fruit shells can be used as fuel to dry the camellia seeds, which has a high degree of automation and high production efficiency. The technical solution is as follows:

[0010] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shelling, drying and sorting production line for tea seeds, comprising a shelling device, a drum screening device, a drying device, a winnowing device and a storage device arranged in sequence from front to back along the conveying direction of the tea seeds; the shelling device comprises a shelling trough 10, a shelling lifting structure 11 and at least one shelling structure 12; the drum screening device comprises a screening trough 20, a screening lifting structure 21 and at least one drum screen, the drum screen comprising a shell 22 and a drum 23 arranged obliquely downward from front to back therein; the drying device comprises a plurality of drying bins 30 arranged side by side front and back, a plurality of hot air furnaces 31 on one side of the drying bins 30 for providing hot air thereto, and a drying feed belt 32 arranged along the front-to-back direction on the top of the drying bins 30.

[0011] The production line also includes a transfer and sorting device and a shell recycling device, wherein the transfer and sorting device is arranged between the drum screening device and the drying device; the shelling device also includes a shelling storage bin 13, a spiral feeding structure 14 and a spiral discharging structure 15, wherein the number of the shelling structures 12 is multiple, and the multiple shelling structures 12 are arranged side by side front and back, and the shelling lifting structure 11 is arranged between the shelling trough 10 and the feed port of the shelling storage bin 13; the spiral feeding structure 14 is arranged horizontally in the front-to-back direction, and the upper feed port at its front end is connected to the discharge port of the shelling storage bin 13, and a plurality of upper discharge ports are arranged side by side front and back at its bottom; the spiral discharging structure 15 is located below the spiral feeding structure 14, and is arranged horizontally in the front-to-back direction, and the lower discharge port at the rear end of the bottom is connected to the screening trough 2 0, a lower feed port is correspondingly provided at the top and below each upper discharge port; a feed bin 16 and a shelling structure 12 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between each upper discharge port and the lower feed port below it; the drum screening device also includes a shell lifting structure 24 and a tea seed lifting structure 25, the drum 23 is divided into N sub-drums from front to back, N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the sieve aperture of each sub-drum increases step by step from front to back; a fine shell hopper 27 is provided at the bottom of the shell 22 and directly below the first sub-drum 26, a tea seed hopper 28 is provided at the bottom of the shell 22 and directly below the sub-drums other than the first sub-drum 26, and a coarse shell hopper is provided at the bottom of the shell 22 and directly below the rear end of the drum 23 29, the screening and lifting structure 21 is arranged between the screening trough 20 and the feed port of the drum screen; the transfer and sorting device includes a camellia seed conveying belt, a transfer storage bin, a three-way chute, a blowing specific gravity screen, a drying trough and a drying and lifting structure, the camellia seed lifting structure 25 is arranged between the discharge port of the camellia seed hopper 28 and the input end of the camellia seed conveying belt, and the output end of the camellia seed conveying belt is connected to the feed port of the transfer storage bin; the three-way chute is arranged at the bottom of the transfer storage bin, and its two discharge ports are provided with discharge valves and are respectively connected to the feed port of the blowing specific gravity screen and to the top of the drying trough; the camellia seed outlet of the blowing specific gravity screen is located just above the drying trough, and the drying trough is connected to the front end of the drying feed belt 32 through the drying lifting structure; The fruit shell recycling device includes a fruit shell storage bin, a sorting platform 40, a fuel supply bin 41 on the left or right side of the drying bin 30 and on the same side as the hot air furnace 31, a fuel conveying belt 42 on the top of the fuel supply bin 41, a fuel trough 43 in front of the fuel supply bin 41, and a fuel lifting structure 44 between the fuel trough 43 and the front end of the fuel conveying belt 42. The fruit shell lifting structure 24 is arranged between the discharge port of the coarse shell hopper 29 and the feed port of the fruit shell storage bin. A conveyor belt 45 is provided in the middle of the sorting platform 40 and extends from the bottom of the discharge port of the fruit shell storage bin to the top of the fuel trough 43. The hot air furnace 31 is a biomass hot air furnace. A fuel outlet 46 is provided at the bottom of one side of the fuel supply bin 41 close to the hot air furnace 31 and corresponding to each hot air furnace 31.

[0012] Furthermore, the shelling device in the embodiment of the present invention further comprises a box body 17, the spiral feeding structure 14 is located at the top of the box body 17 and its front end passes through the box body 17, the spiral discharging structure 15 is located at the bottom of the box body 17 and its rear end passes through the box body 17, the feeding bin 16 and the shelling structure 12 are both arranged in the box body 17, the shelling trough 10, the shelling lifting structure 11 and the shelling storage bin 13 are located in front of the box body 17, and the screening trough 20 is located at the rear of the box body 17; the box body 17 It is a rectangular box arranged along the front-to-back direction, with an openable and closable door on the left or right side, and a frame-type bracket supporting a shelling structure 12 at the bottom; the frame-type bracket is arranged along the front-to-back direction, the spiral discharging structure 15 is located in the frame-type bracket, and the shelling structure 12 is fixed on the top of the frame-type bracket; a fixed bracket is provided between the feed bin 16 and the left or right side of the box 17, and a visual window is provided on the side of the feed bin 16 close to the door, and the visual window is a vertically arranged perforated plate through which tea and fruit cannot pass.

[0013] Among them, the shelling structure in the embodiment of the present invention includes a shelling chamber arranged along the front-to-back direction, a feed inclined tube at the top of the shelling chamber, a shelling discharge port at the bottom of the shelling chamber, a shelling rotor arranged in the front-to-back direction in the shelling chamber, and a motor outside the shelling chamber and used to drive the shelling rotor, the feed inclined tube is inclined upward on the left and right sides and is connected to the upper discharge port, and the shelling discharge port is connected to the lower feed port; the shelling rotor includes a rotating shaft arranged along the front-to-back direction and a plurality of striking rods evenly distributed around the rotating shaft, the plurality of striking rods constitute a cylindrical cage structure, and the rotating shaft is transmission-connected to the motor; a plurality of groups of striking units are arranged side by side front and back on the striking rod, each group of striking units includes a plurality of striking plates arranged side by side front and back, and the striking plates are metal discs coaxially arranged with the striking rod.

[0014] Specifically, N in the embodiment of the present invention is 3, and the sieve holes are round holes; the sieve hole diameter of the first segment roller 26 is 12-14 mm; the sieve hole diameter of the second segment roller 210 is 16-18 mm and its length is 1.5-2.0 times the length of the first segment roller 26; the sieve hole diameter of the third segment roller 211 is 19-22 mm and its length is 1.2-1.5 times the length of the first segment roller 26.

[0015] Among them, the sorting platform 40 in the embodiment of the present invention is a rectangular table arranged in the front-to-back direction, the conveyor belt 45 is located on the center line of the sorting platform 40 and is flush with the sorting platform 40, and the distance between the left and right sides of the sorting platform 40 and the corresponding sides of the conveyor belt 45 is 30-50cm.

[0016] Preferably, the fuel conveying belt 42 in the embodiment of the present invention is arranged in the front-to-back direction and its rear end reaches the rear of the fuel supply bin 41. A guide rail is provided in the top middle position of the fuel supply bin 41 along the front-to-back direction, and a unloading trolley that can move forward and backward and cooperate with the fuel conveying belt 42 is provided on the guide rail. A discharge port is provided on the left and / or right side of the unloading trolley.

[0017] Furthermore, the fuel supply bin 41 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an openable and closable cleaning door 47 on one side close to the hot air stove 31 and corresponding to each hot air stove 31. The front side or rear side of the cleaning door 47 is hinged to the fuel supply bin 41 through a hinge. The fuel outlet 46 is provided at the bottom of the cleaning door 47 and a gate 48 whose position can be adjusted up and down is provided on its upper part.

[0018] Preferably, the number of the drum screens in the embodiment of the present invention is two, and the two drum screens are arranged side by side on the left and right. The tea seed lifting structure 25 is arranged between the middle parts of the two drum screens and is connected to the discharge ports of the two tea seed hoppers 28 at the same time. The discharge ports of the two coarse shell hoppers 29 are connected to the feed port of the shell lifting structure 24 through a chute arranged obliquely downward, and a spiral discharger 212 is provided between the discharge ports of the two fine shell hoppers 27; the spiral discharger 212 is arranged in the left and right directions, and a receiving bag is provided on the discharge port at the left or right end of the bottom; a double output hopper 213 is provided directly below the discharge port of the screening lifting structure 21, and valves are provided on the two outlets at the bottom of the double output hopper 213, and they are respectively connected to the feed ports of the two drum screens through pipelines.

[0019] Preferably, the top of the shelling trough 10 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a grille through which tea fruits can pass, the top of the drying trough is provided with a grille through which tea seeds can pass, and the top of the fuel trough 43 is provided with a grille through which fruit shells can pass.

[0020] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for shelling, drying and sorting camellia seeds, the method comprising:

[0021] (1) Shelling: Tea fruits are manually added to the shelling trough 10, and then sent to the shelling storage bin 13 by the shelling lifting structure 11, and then sent to multiple feeding bins 16 by the spiral feeding structure 14. The multiple feeding bins 16 feed the multiple shelling structures 12 respectively. The materials processed by the multiple shelling structures 12 are sent to the screening trough 20 by the spiral discharging structure 15.

[0022] (2) Drum screening: The material is sent from the screening trough 20 to the feed port of the drum screen through the screening lifting structure 21. The drum 23 of the drum screen is divided into N sub-drums from front to back, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 3. The sieve aperture of each sub-drum increases from front to back. The fine shell hopper 27 at the bottom of the drum screen is used to collect the fine husks output by the first sub-drum 26. The oil tea seed hopper 28 at the bottom is used to collect the oil tea seeds output by the sub-drums other than the first sub-drum 26. The coarse shell hopper 29 at the bottom is used to collect the coarse husks output by the rear end of the drum 23. The oil tea seed hopper 28 The camellia seeds are output to the camellia seed conveyor belt through the camellia seed lifting structure 25, and the coarse shell hopper 29 is output to the shell storage bin through the shell lifting structure 24. The shells in the shell storage bin are sent to the fuel trough 43 by the conveyor belt 45 on the sorting platform 40. The shells output from the sorting platform 40 and the shells from other sources are then sent to the fuel supply bin 41 for storage by the fuel lifting structure 44 and the fuel conveyor belt 42. The camellia seeds in the shells are manually selected on the sorting platform 40. The fuel supply bin 41 is close to the bottom of one side of the hot air furnace 31 and a fuel outlet 46 is provided corresponding to each hot air furnace 31.

[0023] (3) Second screening: The camellia seeds conveyor belt delivers the camellia seeds to the intermediate storage bin, which is then sent to the blowing specific gravity screen or drying trough through a three-way chute as needed. The blowing specific gravity screen screens the camellia seeds again and sends them to the drying trough. The drying trough sends the camellia seeds output from the intermediate storage bin, the second-screened camellia seeds and the camellia seeds from other sources to the drying feed belt 32 through a drying lifting structure.

[0024] (4) Drying: The drying feed belt 32 delivers the tea seeds to a drying bin 30 for drying. The drying bin 30 is provided with a hot air furnace 31, which is a biomass hot air furnace. The fruit shells accumulated at the fuel outlet 46 are manually transported to the hot air furnace 31 as fuel.

[0025] (5) Drying: The dried tea seeds are processed by an air separation device and then sent to a storage device for storage.

[0026] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention are as follows: the embodiment of the present invention provides a production line and method for shelling, drying and sorting of tea seeds, which can produce tea oil on a large scale (improving the speed and effect of shelling and screening), has more application scenarios (such as being able to process shelled or unshelled tea seeds, being able to process tea seeds with different shell contents, being able to process tea seeds with different moisture contents, being able to control the shell content of tea seeds (a small amount of shell is allowed when tea seeds are used) and moisture content, and having wider adaptability), can use shells as fuel to dry tea seeds, has a high degree of automation, and has high production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1This is a raw material block diagram of a production line for shelling, drying and sorting camellia seeds provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a shelling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a drum screening device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a combination of a drying device and a fruit shell recycling device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel supply bin provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 10 shelling trough, 11 shelling lifting structure, 12 shelling structure, 13 shelling storage bin, 14 spiral feeding structure, 15 spiral discharging structure, 16 feeding bin, 17 box body;

[0033] 20 screening trough, 21 screening lifting structure, 22 shell, 23 drum, 24 shell lifting structure, 25 oil tea seed lifting structure, 26 first sub-drum, 27 fine shell hopper, 28 oil tea seed hopper, 29 coarse shell hopper, 210 second sub-drum, 211 third sub-drum, 212 spiral discharging machine, 213 double output hopper;

[0034] 30 drying bin, 31 hot air furnace, 32 drying feeding belt;

[0035] 40 sorting platform, 41 fuel supply bin, 42 fuel conveying belt, 43 fuel trough, 44 fuel lifting structure, 45 conveyor belt, 46 fuel outlet, 47 cleaning door, 48 gate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] See also Figure 1-5The embodiment of the present invention provides a shelling, drying and sorting production line for tea seeds, including a shelling device (for shelling), a drum screening device (for shelling, tea seeds contain a small amount of shells (a small amount of shells is allowed when oil is pressed) arranged in sequence from front to back along the conveying direction of tea seeds (this patent defines the front and back direction as the conveying direction of tea seeds, and it is not limited to the actual direction, the same below), a drying device (for drying tea seeds), a wind selection device (for wind selection to remove tea seeds) and a storage device (for storing tea seeds, specifically, the storage structure with application number CN201820838864.4 can be used). The shelling device includes a shelling trough 10 (for manual addition of tea fruit, buried in the ground), a shelling lifting structure 11 and at least one shelling structure 12, etc.; the drum screening device includes a screening trough 20 (for screening and feeding, buried in the ground, and the top can be closed (the lower feed port passes through and extends into the screening trough 20)), a screening lifting structure 21 and at least one drum screen, etc.; the drum screen includes a shell 22 and a drum 23 arranged obliquely downward from front to back inside it, etc.; the drying device includes a plurality of drying bins 30 arranged side by side in front and back, a plurality of hot air furnaces 31 on one side of the drying bins 30 to provide hot air for them, a drying feeding belt 32 arranged on the top of the drying bins 30 along the front-to-back direction, and a discharging belt (connected to the air selection device) arranged on the lower part of one side of the drying bins 30 and along the front-to-back direction, etc. The front and rear structures are basically the same as those of the existing tea seed production line, except that:

[0039] The production line provided in this embodiment also includes a transfer and sorting device (used to transfer tea seeds and re-sort them as needed) and a shell recycling device (used to use shells as fuel for the hot air furnace). The transfer and sorting device in this embodiment is arranged between the drum screening device and the drying device, and the shell recycling device is arranged on the left or right side of the drying device.

[0040] The shelling device further includes a shelling storage bin 13 (for storing tea fruit), a spiral feeding structure 14 (for feeding multiple shelling structures 12) and a spiral discharging structure 15 (for outputting the output of multiple shelling structures 12). The number of shelling structures 12 is multiple (3-6, which can be partially or fully opened according to production requirements), and multiple shelling structures 12 are arranged side by side front and back. The shelling lifting structure 11 is arranged between the shelling trough 10 and the feeding port (specifically, it can be open) of the shelling storage bin 13. The spiral feeding structure 14 is arranged horizontally in the front-to-back direction, and the upper feeding port at its front end is connected to the discharging port of the shelling storage bin 13 (which is arranged at the bottom of the shelling storage bin 13 (a conical structure) and a valve is arranged thereon), and multiple upper discharging ports are arranged side by side front and back at its bottom (each outlet is required to be able to discharge materials, and the number is the same as that of the shelling structure 12). The spiral discharge structure 15 is located below the spiral feed structure 14, and is arranged horizontally in the front-to-back direction. The lower discharge port at the rear end of the bottom is connected to (specifically extends into) the screening trough 20, and a lower feed port (the same number as the shelling structure 12) is correspondingly provided at the top and below each upper discharge port. A feed bin 16 and a shelling structure 12 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between each upper discharge port and the lower feed port below it. The feed bin 13 is used to feed the shelling structure 1 and serves as a buffer. The bottom of the feed bin 16 is connected to the feed inclined pipe of the shelling structure 12, and a lower feed valve is arranged therebetween to control the feed of the shelling structure 12. The top of the feed bin 16 is connected to the upper discharge port, and an upper feed valve is arranged therebetween to control the feed of the feed bin 16. Both the lower feed valve and the upper feed valve are plate valves, and their control ends are close to one side of the door. They cooperate with each other to ensure that there is always an appropriate amount of tea fruit in the feed bin 16.

[0041] The drum screening device further includes a shell lifting structure 24 (for outputting shells) and a tea seed lifting structure 25 (for outputting tea seeds). The drum 23 is divided into N sub-drums from front to back, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the sieve aperture of each sub-drum increases from front to back. A fine shell hopper 27 is provided at the bottom of the shell 22 and directly below the first sub-drum 26 (the sieve aperture must ensure that tea seeds cannot pass through, but broken shells can pass through) for collecting and outputting fine shells, a tea seed hopper 28 is provided at the bottom of the shell 22 and directly below other sub-drums except the first sub-drum 26 (the sieve aperture must ensure that tea seeds can pass through, and shells of normal size cannot pass through) for collecting and outputting tea seeds, a coarse shell hopper 29 is provided at the bottom of the shell 22 and directly below the rear end of the drum 23 for collecting and outputting coarse shells, and a screening lifting structure 21 is provided between the screening trough 20 and the feed port of the drum screen (provided at the top front side of the drum screen). Among them, the fine shell hopper 5, the oil tea seed hopper 6 and the coarse shell hopper 7 are arranged adjacent to each other from front to back and are all conical hoppers with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part.

[0042] Among them, the transfer and sorting device includes a tea seed conveyor belt (for feeding), a transfer storage bin (for storing tea seeds), a three-way chute, a blowing specific gravity screen (for further separation of shells and seeds), a drying trough (for feeding tea seeds, buried in the ground) and a drying lifting structure (for feeding). The tea seed lifting structure 25 is arranged between the (bottom) discharge port of the tea seed hopper 28 and the input end of the tea seed conveyor belt, and the output end of the tea seed conveyor belt is connected to the feed port of the transfer storage bin (specifically, the top opening forms the feed port). The three-way chute (whose feed port is connected to the transfer storage bin) is arranged at the bottom of the transfer storage bin, and its two discharge ports are provided with discharge valves and are respectively connected to the feed port of the blowing specific gravity screen (it can also be directly fed with shelled tea seeds purchased from outside) and to the top of the drying trough. The tea seed outlet of the blowing specific gravity screen is located just above the drying trough, and the use and setting of the blowing specific gravity screen are consistent with conventional technology. The drying trough is connected to the front end of the drying feeding belt 32 through a drying lifting structure. The feeding trough is buried in the ground and can simultaneously feed the tea seeds processed by the shelling device, the purchased shelled tea seeds, the tea seeds processed by the blowing specific gravity screen, and the tea seeds not processed by the blowing specific gravity screen. There are many choices.

[0043] Among them, the fruit shell recycling device includes a fruit shell storage bin (for storing fruit shells), a sorting platform 40 (for manually picking out a small amount of tea seeds in the fruit shells), a fuel supply bin 41 on the left or right side of the drying bin 30 and on the same side as the hot air furnace 31 (for storing fruit shells and outputting fruit shells to the hot air furnace), a fuel conveying belt 42 on the top of the fuel supply bin 41 (for inputting fruit shells into the fuel supply bin 41), a fuel trough 43 in front of the fuel supply bin 41 (for collecting fruit shells output by the sorting platform 40 and fruit shells from other sources, buried in the ground) and a fuel lifting structure 44 between the fuel trough 43 and the front end of the fuel conveying belt 42 (for conveying fruit shells), etc. Among them, the shell lifting structure 24 is arranged between the discharge port of the coarse shell hopper 29 (bottom (conical structure)) and the feed port of the shell storage bin (the top opening forms the feed port), and the conveyor belt 45 is arranged in the middle of the sorting platform 40 and it extends from the bottom of the discharge port of the shell storage bin (bottom (conical structure)) to the top of the fuel trough 43, and the hot blast furnace 31 is a biomass hot blast furnace (specifically, it can be a biomass internal heat hot blast furnace). A fuel outlet 46 (specifically, a vertically arranged rectangular port, the shell flows out from the fuel outlet 46 by its own weight and accumulates at the fuel outlet 46 (due to the irregular shape of the shell and poor fluidity)) is provided at the bottom of one side (left or right) of the fuel supply bin 41 close to the hot blast furnace 31 and corresponding to each hot blast furnace 31, and the number of fuel outlets 46 is equal to that of the hot blast furnace 31, and the fuel outlet 46 provides fuel for the corresponding hot blast furnace 31 (manual transportation, such as using tools such as carts and shovels).

[0044] Further, see Figure 2The shelling device in the embodiment of the present invention also includes a box 17 to reduce noise on site, make the fixing of each structure more stable and extend the service life of the shelling structure 12 (reduce external influence). The spiral feeding structure 14 is located at the top of the box 17 and its front end passes through the box 17, the spiral discharging structure 15 is located at the bottom of the box 17 and its rear end passes through the box 17, and the feeding bin 16 and the shelling structure 12 are both arranged in the box 17. The shelling trough 10, the shelling lifting structure 11 and the shelling storage bin 13 are located in front of the box 17, and the screening trough 20 is located at the rear of the box 17. The box 17 is a rectangular box arranged in the front-to-back direction, and a door that can be opened and closed (multiple doors are arranged side by side in front and back) is provided on the left or right side for easy repair and cleaning. A frame bracket (specifically a rectangular frame) supporting the shelling structure 12 is provided at the bottom. The frame bracket is arranged in the front-to-back direction, the spiral discharging structure 15 is located in the frame bracket, and the shelling structure 12 is fixed on the top of the frame bracket. A fixed bracket is provided between the feed bin 16 and the left or right side (away from the door) of the box body 17, and a visual window (a vertically arranged strip structure) is provided on the side of the feed bin 16 close to the door. The visual window is a vertically arranged perforated plate (specifically a circular perforated plate with a diameter of less than 1 cm) through which tea and fruit cannot pass.

[0045] Among them, the shelling structure in the embodiment of the present invention includes a shelling chamber arranged along the front-to-back direction (specifically, it can be a cylindrical chamber, arranged on the corresponding frame), a feed inclined tube (for feeding) at the top of the shelling chamber, a shelling outlet (for discharging) at the bottom of the shelling chamber, a shelling rotor (for striking and shelling) arranged in the front-to-back direction in the shelling chamber, and a motor (arranged on the frame) outside the shelling chamber and used to drive the shelling rotor. Among them, the feed inclined tube is arranged to be inclined upward to the left and right (the inclination direction matches the rotation direction, which is well known to technicians in this field) and it is connected to the upper outlet, and the shelling outlet is connected to the lower feed port. The shelling rotor includes a rotating shaft arranged along the front-to-back direction and a plurality of striking rods (located on the same circle concentric with the rotating shaft, the number is 3-6) uniformly distributed around the rotating shaft, and the plurality of striking rods constitute a cylindrical cage structure, and the rotating shaft is connected to the motor transmission. The beating rod is provided with multiple groups (3-8 groups) of beating units arranged side by side in the front and back, and each group of beating units includes multiple beating plates arranged side by side in the front and back, and the beating plates are metal discs arranged coaxially with the beating rod. The gap between the outer side (the trajectory is circular) of the beating plates and the inner wall of the shelling cavity should ensure that the tea fruit can be shelled. Specifically, the distance between adjacent beating units is 5-10mm, the distance between adjacent beating plates in the same group of beating units is 20-30mm, and the diameter of the beating plates is 40-50mm.

[0046] Specifically, see Figure 3, N in the embodiment of the present invention is 3, and the sieve holes are round holes. The sieve hole diameter of the first section roller 26 is 12-14mm; the sieve hole diameter of the second section roller 210 is 16-18mm and its length is 1.5-2.0 times the length of the first section roller 26 (the quantity is small, so the length is shorter); the sieve hole diameter of the third section roller 211 is 19-22mm and its length is 1.2-1.5 times the length of the first section roller 26. The multi-section structure is used to fully utilize the rollers to improve the screening effect.

[0047] Among them, see Figure 4 The sorting platform 40 in the embodiment of the present invention is a rectangular tabletop arranged along the front-to-back direction. The conveyor belt 45 (arranged along the front-to-back direction) is located on the center line of the sorting platform 40 and is flush with the sorting platform 40. The distance between the left and right sides of the sorting platform 40 and the corresponding sides of the conveyor belt 45 is 30-50 cm to facilitate the sorting operation. Operators stand on both sides of the sorting platform 40 to perform sorting operations.

[0048] Among them, the fuel supply bin 41 in the embodiment of the present invention is a rectangular bin arranged in the front-to-back direction, with an open top. A plurality of trolleys that can slide left and right on the ground are provided between it and the drying bin 30 for transporting the fruit shells to the hot air furnace 31.

[0049] Preferably, the fuel conveying belt 42 in the embodiment of the present invention is arranged in the front-to-back direction and its rear end reaches the rear of the fuel supply bin 41. A guide rail is arranged in the top middle position of the fuel supply bin 41 in the front-to-back direction. A discharge trolley that can move forward and backward and cooperate with the fuel conveying belt 42 is arranged on the guide rail so as to evenly deliver the fruit shells to various places of the fuel supply bin 41. A discharge port is arranged on the left and / or right side of the discharge trolley. The structure thereof can refer to the arrangement method of the feed belt of application number CN201820838864.4.

[0050] Furthermore, the fuel supply bin 41 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an openable and closable cleaning door 47 at one side close to the hot blast stove 31 and corresponding to each hot blast stove 31 to facilitate cleaning of the fuel supply bin 41, and the front side or rear side of the cleaning door 47 is hinged to the fuel supply bin 41 by a hinge. The fuel outlet 46 is provided at the bottom of the cleaning door 47 and a gate 48 capable of adjusting its position up and down is provided on its upper part to control the supply amount of the fruit shells; specifically, two slide rails are provided on the cleaning door 47 and located at the front and rear sides of the fuel outlet 46 in the vertical direction, and the front and rear sides of the gate 48 are respectively slidably provided on the two slide rails, and a handwheel driving structure (vertically arranged, and its structure is well known to those skilled in the art) capable of driving the gate to move up and down is provided between the upper side of the gate 48 and the cleaning door 47.

[0051] Preferably, the number of drum screens in the embodiment of the present invention is two (one or two can be opened according to the production requirements), the two drum screens are arranged side by side, and the oil tea seed lifting structure 25 is arranged between the middle of the two drum screens and is connected to the discharge ports of the two oil tea seed hoppers 28 (bottom) at the same time. The discharge ports of the two coarse shell hoppers 29 are connected to the feed port of the shell lifting structure 24 through a chute arranged obliquely downward (the distance between them gradually increases from top to bottom, and the lower end thereof is adjacent to the upper part of the feed port of the shell lifting structure 24)), and a spiral discharger 212 (for outputting fine shells (very small amount)) is arranged between the discharge ports of the two fine shell hoppers 27. The spiral discharger 212 is arranged in the left-right direction, and a receiving bag is provided on the discharge port at the left or right end of the bottom thereof (the top of the bag can be detachably arranged on the discharge port through a hoop or other structures, and the bottom of the bag is placed on the ground, which can be a cloth bag or a woven bag). A double output hopper 213 (located above the drum screen, which is a conical hopper of different sizes) is provided directly below the discharge port of the screening lifting structure 21. Valves are provided on the two outlets at the bottom of the double output hopper 213, which are connected to the feed ports of the two drum screens through pipelines for feeding the two drum screens respectively.

[0052] Preferably, the top of the shelling trough 10 in the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a grille through which tea fruits can pass (specifically a rectangular grille, which is used to prevent larger impurities (such as leaves, packaging bags, etc.) from passing through), the top of the drying trough is provided with a grille through which oil tea seeds can pass, and the top of the fuel trough 43 is provided with a grille through which fruit shells can pass. Among them, each lifting structure in this embodiment is a vertically arranged bucket elevator.

[0053] The “first”, “second” or “third” in this embodiment only serves to distinguish and has no other special meaning.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] See also Figure 1-5 Embodiment 2 provides a method for shelling, drying and sorting camellia seeds, which can be produced using the production line disclosed in Embodiment 1. The method comprises:

[0056] (1) Shelling: Tea fruits are manually added to the shelling trough 10, and then sent to the shelling storage bin 13 by the shelling lifting structure 11, and then sent to multiple feeding bins 16 by the spiral feeding structure 14. The multiple feeding bins 16 feed the multiple shelling structures 12 respectively. The materials processed by the multiple shelling structures 12 are sent to the screening trough 20 by the spiral discharging structure 15.

[0057] (2) Drum screening: The material is sent from the screening trough 20 to the feed port of the drum screen through the screening lifting structure 21. The drum 23 of the drum screen is divided into N sub-drums from front to back, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 3. The sieve aperture of each sub-drum increases from front to back. The fine shell hopper 27 at the bottom of the drum screen is used to collect the fine husks output by the first sub-drum 26. The oil tea seed hopper 28 at the bottom is used to collect the oil tea seeds output by the sub-drums other than the first sub-drum 26. The coarse shell hopper 29 at the bottom is used to collect the coarse husks output by the rear end of the drum 23. The oil tea seed hopper 28 The camellia seeds are output to the camellia seed conveyor belt through the camellia seed lifting structure 25, and the coarse shell hopper 29 is output to the shell storage bin through the shell lifting structure 24. The shells in the shell storage bin are sent to the fuel trough 43 by the conveyor belt 45 on the sorting platform 40. The shells output from the sorting platform 40 and the shells from other sources are then sent to the fuel supply bin 41 for storage by the fuel lifting structure 44 and the fuel conveyor belt 42. The camellia seeds in the shells are manually selected on the sorting platform 40. The fuel supply bin 41 is close to the bottom of one side of the hot air furnace 31 and a fuel outlet 46 is provided corresponding to each hot air furnace 31.

[0058] (3) Second screening: The camellia seeds conveyor belt delivers the camellia seeds to the intermediate storage bin, which is then sent to the blowing specific gravity screen or drying trough through a three-way chute as needed. The blowing specific gravity screen screens the camellia seeds again and sends them to the drying trough. The drying trough sends the camellia seeds output from the intermediate storage bin, the second-screened camellia seeds and the camellia seeds from other sources to the drying feed belt 32 through a drying lifting structure.

[0059] (4) Drying: The drying feed belt 32 delivers the tea seeds to a drying bin 30 for drying. The drying bin 30 is provided with a hot air furnace 31, which is a biomass hot air furnace. The fruit shells accumulated at the fuel outlet 46 are manually transported to the hot air furnace 31 as fuel.

[0060] (5) Drying: The dried tea seeds are processed by an air separation device and then sent to a storage device for storage.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A production line for shelling, drying and sorting oil tea seeds, comprising a shelling device, a drum screening device, a drying device, an air selection device and a storage device arranged in sequence from front to back along the conveying direction of the oil tea seeds; The shelling device comprises a shelling trough (10), a shelling lifting structure (11) and at least one shelling structure (12); The drum screening device comprises a screening floor trough (20), a screening lifting structure (21) and at least one drum screen, wherein the drum screen comprises a housing (22) and a drum (23) disposed obliquely downward from front to back inside the housing; The drying device comprises a plurality of drying chambers (30) arranged side by side in front and back, a plurality of hot air furnaces (31) on one side of the drying chambers (30) for providing hot air thereto, and a drying feeding belt (32) arranged along the front-to-back direction on the top of the drying chambers (30); It is characterized in that The production line also includes a transfer and sorting device and a shell recycling device, wherein the transfer and sorting device is arranged between the drum screening device and the drying device; The shelling device further comprises a shelling storage bin (13), a spiral feeding structure (14) and a spiral discharging structure (15); the number of the shelling structures (12) is multiple, and the multiple shelling structures (12) are arranged side by side in front and back; the shelling lifting structure (11) is arranged between the shelling trough (10) and the feeding port of the shelling storage bin (13); the spiral feeding structure (14) is arranged horizontally in the front-to-back direction, and the upper feeding port at the front end is connected to the discharging port of the shelling storage bin (13), and the bottom of the spiral feeding structure (14) is arranged side by side in front and back; the spiral discharging structure (15) is located below the spiral feeding structure (14), and is arranged horizontally in the front-to-back direction, and the lower discharging port at the rear end of the bottom is connected to the screening trough (20), and a lower feeding port is correspondingly arranged at the top and below each upper discharging port; a feeding bin (16) and a shelling structure (12) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between each upper discharging port and the lower feeding port below it; The drum screening device also includes a shell lifting structure (24) and a tea seed lifting structure (25); the drum (23) is divided into N sub-drums from front to back, N being an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the sieve aperture of each sub-drum increases from front to back; a fine shell hopper (27) is provided at the bottom of the shell (22) and directly below the first sub-drum (26); a tea seed hopper (28) is provided at the bottom of the shell (22) and directly below the other sub-drums except the first sub-drum (26); a coarse shell hopper (29) is provided at the bottom of the shell (22) and directly below the rear end of the drum (23); and the screening lifting structure (21) is provided between the screening trough (20) and the feed port of the drum screen; The transfer and sorting device comprises a tea seed conveying belt, a transfer storage bin, a three-way chute, a blowing specific gravity screen, a drying trough and a drying lifting structure. The tea seed lifting structure (25) is arranged between the discharge port of the tea seed hopper (28) and the input end of the tea seed conveying belt, and the output end of the tea seed conveying belt is connected to the feed port of the transfer storage bin; the three-way chute is arranged at the bottom of the transfer storage bin, and the two discharge ports thereof are provided with discharge valves and are respectively connected to the feed port of the blowing specific gravity screen and to the top of the drying trough; The tea seed outlet of the blowing specific gravity screen is located directly above the drying floor trough, and the drying floor trough is connected to the front end of the drying feed belt (32) through a drying lifting structure; The fruit shell recycling device comprises a fruit shell storage bin, a sorting platform (40), a fuel supply bin (41) on the left or right side of the drying bin (30) and on the same side as the hot blast furnace (31), a fuel conveying belt (42) on the top of the fuel supply bin (41), a fuel trough (43) in front of the fuel supply bin (41), and a fuel lifting structure (44) between the fuel trough (43) and the front end of the fuel conveying belt (42); the fruit shell lifting structure (24) is arranged between the discharge port of the coarse shell hopper (29) and the feed port of the fruit shell storage bin; a conveying belt (45) is arranged in the middle of the sorting platform (40) and extends from the bottom of the discharge port of the fruit shell storage bin to the top of the fuel trough (43); the hot blast furnace (31) is a biomass hot blast furnace; and a fuel outlet (46) is arranged at the bottom of one side of the fuel supply bin (41) close to the hot blast furnace (31) and corresponding to each hot blast furnace (31); The shelling structure comprises a shelling chamber arranged in a front-to-back direction, a feed inclined tube at the top of the shelling chamber, a shelling outlet at the bottom of the shelling chamber, a shelling rotor arranged in the front-to-back direction in the shelling chamber, and a motor outside the shelling chamber and used to drive the shelling rotor, the feed inclined tube is arranged upwardly in a left-right direction and connected to the upper outlet, and the shelling outlet is connected to the lower feed port; the shelling rotor comprises a rotating shaft arranged in a front-to-back direction and a plurality of striking rods uniformly distributed around the rotating shaft, the plurality of striking rods constitute a cylindrical cage structure, and the rotating shaft is transmission-connected to the motor; a plurality of groups of striking units are arranged side by side in front and back on the striking rod, each group of striking units comprises a plurality of striking sheets arranged side by side in front and back, and the striking sheets are metal discs coaxially arranged with the striking rod; The fuel supply bin (41) is provided with an openable and closable cleaning door (47) on one side close to the hot blast furnace (31) and corresponding to each hot blast furnace (31); the front side or the rear side of the cleaning door (47) is hinged to the fuel supply bin (41) via a hinge; the fuel outlet (46) is provided at the bottom of the cleaning door (47) and a gate (48) whose position can be adjusted up and down is provided on the upper part thereof.

2. The oil-tea camellia seed shelling, drying and sorting production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shelling device also includes a box (17), the spiral feeding structure (14) is located at the top of the box (17) and its front end passes through the box (17), the spiral discharging structure (15) is located at the bottom of the box (17) and its rear end passes through the box (17), the feeding bin (16) and the shelling structure (12) are both arranged in the box (17), the shelling trough (10), the shelling lifting structure (11) and the shelling storage bin (13) are located in front of the box (17), and the screening trough (20) is located at the rear of the box (17); The box body (17) is a rectangular box body arranged in the front-to-back direction, and a door that can be opened and closed is arranged on the left or right side thereof, and a frame-type bracket supporting the shelling structure (12) is arranged at the bottom thereof; the frame-type bracket is arranged in the front-to-back direction, the spiral discharging structure (15) is located in the frame-type bracket, and the shelling structure (12) is fixed on the top of the frame-type bracket; a fixed bracket is arranged between the feed bin (16) and the left or right side of the box body (17), and a visual window is arranged on the side of the feed bin (16) close to the door, and the visual window is a vertically arranged perforated plate through which tea fruit cannot pass.

3. The oil-tea camellia seed shelling, drying and sorting production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The N is 3, the sieve holes are round holes; the sieve hole diameter of the first sub-roller (26) is 12-14 mm; the sieve hole diameter of the second sub-roller (210) is 16-18 mm and its length is 1.5-2.0 times the length of the first sub-roller (26); the sieve hole diameter of the third sub-roller (211) is 19-22 mm and its length is 1.2-1.5 times the length of the first sub-roller (26).

4. The oil-tea camellia seed shelling, drying and sorting production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sorting platform (40) is a rectangular tabletop arranged in the front-to-back direction, the conveyor belt (45) is located on the center line of the sorting platform (40) and is flush with the sorting platform (40), and the distance between the left and right sides of the sorting platform (40) and the corresponding sides of the conveyor belt (45) is 30-50 cm.

5. The oil-tea camellia seed shelling, drying and sorting production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel conveying belt (42) is arranged in the front-to-back direction and its rear end reaches the rear of the fuel supply bin (41). A guide rail is arranged in the front-to-back direction at the top middle position of the fuel supply bin (41). A discharge trolley capable of moving forward and backward and cooperating with the fuel conveying belt (42) is arranged on the guide rail. A discharge port is arranged on the left side and / or the right side of the discharge trolley.

6. The oil-tea camellia seed shelling, drying and sorting production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two drum screens, which are arranged side by side on the left and right sides. The oil tea seed lifting structure (25) is arranged between the middle parts of the two drum screens and is connected to the discharge ports of the two oil tea seed hoppers (28) at the same time. The discharge ports of the two coarse shell hoppers (29) are connected to the feed port of the shell lifting structure (24) through a chute arranged obliquely downward. A spiral discharger (212) is arranged between the discharge ports of the two fine shell hoppers (27); the spiral discharger (212) is arranged in the left-right direction, and a receiving bag is provided on the discharge port at the left or right end of the bottom; a double output hopper (213) is provided directly below the discharge port of the screening lifting structure (21), and valves are provided on the two outlets at the bottom of the double output hopper (213) and are respectively connected to the feed ports of the two drum screens through pipelines.

7. The oil-tea camellia seed shelling, drying and sorting production line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the shelling trough (10) is provided with a grille through which tea fruits can pass, the top of the drying trough is provided with a grille through which tea seeds can pass, and the top of the fuel trough (43) is provided with a grille through which fruit shells can pass.

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