Airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system and method using multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and ejector

Abstract

The present invention discloses an airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system and method using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector, and belongs to the field of airborne high heat flux density equipment cooling. The present invention mainly solves the problem of continuous heat dissipation of high heat flux density surfaces such as radar chips and laser weapons when the airborne cold source cannot be used directly. The present invention uses spray cooling to cool high heat density surfaces, uses ram air as the main cold source, uses a vortex refrigeration box as an auxiliary cold source, and uses airborne fuel as an emergency cold source. When the surface to be cooled needs to be cooled, the combination of the two groups of cold sources is determined according to its temperature change. Three groups of phase change materials are used as intermediate energy storage media to correspond to three cold sources. Engine exhaust and hot air are used as ejection air sources to create a low-pressure environment in the spray chamber, so that the cooling water undergoes boiling heat exchange and strengthens the heat exchange in the spray chamber. The system operates safely, stably and has high redundancy, meeting the cooling needs in complex airborne environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system and method using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector, belonging to the field of airborne high heat flux density electronic equipment cooling. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of airborne radar technology, power amplifier chips have evolved from silicon chips and GaAs chips to the third generation of semiconductor GaN chips. Several projects of the US Navy and Air Force show that the heat flux density of GaN chips under development has reached 500W / cm 2 , the heat flux density of future chips will exceed 1000W / cm 2 At the same time, with the increasing requirements for the maneuverability, stealth and defense performance of military aircraft, high-power laser technology, high integration and miniaturization of electronic components and other technologies have developed rapidly. Laser weapons will generate megawatts of heat within a few seconds of firing, causing hundreds or even thousands of W / cm 2 heat flux density. If effective measures are not taken to reduce the surface temperature of radar chips and laser weapons, their working efficiency will be greatly reduced at best, and electronic devices will be burned out at worst, affecting flight safety. Therefore, how to efficiently and safely solve the problem of rapid heat dissipation of radar chips and airborne equipment is of great research significance. The heat exchange capacity of conventional air cooling and water cooling has reached its limit and cannot meet the increasing heat dissipation needs of electronic equipment. Spray cooling is a new cooling method that decomposes the cooling medium into countless discrete small droplets through atomization, sprays them onto the heating surface, and removes heat through single-phase heat exchange and two-phase heat exchange. Spray cooling technology has a strong application prospect in the field of airborne equipment cooling.

[0003] Some patents have proposed the application of spray cooling in the airborne field. Patent ZL201721063995.1 proposed an airborne turbine intermittent cold storage laser weapon spray cooling system. The main feature is the use of turbines as cooling devices and power sources. In this solution, the cooling source is completely provided by the turbine, which increases the load of the aircraft's original turbine refrigeration system, which is not conducive to the long-term stable operation of the aircraft. Patent ZL201821217918.1 proposed an airborne spray cooling system that uses ram air and evaporative refrigeration cycles to cool circulating water. The main feature is that ram air is used as the main cooling source and evaporative refrigeration cycles are used as auxiliary cooling sources. The main feature of this solution is that evaporative refrigeration cycles are used to provide cooling for the spray medium. However, the airborne space is limited, and the cooling capacity of the evaporative refrigeration cycle is limited. At the same time, ram air is used as the main cooling source. When ram air cannot be used, there is no emergency cooling source.

[0004] When the aircraft is flying normally at high altitude, ram air can be introduced to provide a natural cold source for the spray cooling system; if ram air cannot be used in an emergency, an emergency cold source onboard fuel can be added. This patent has three rows of nozzles. During normal operation, one or two rows of nozzles are opened according to the heat dissipation requirements. When two rows of nozzles fail, another row of emergency nozzles can be opened. This patent uses a composite phase change material as an intermediate medium. When the spray cooling device is not working, the phase change material can store the cold provided by the ram air and the vortex refrigeration box. When the surface to be cooled needs to be cooled, the combination of the two groups of cold sources is determined according to its temperature change. The application of this patent allows the spray cooling medium to be recycled, and the addition of an emergency cold source improves the system redundancy. Sufficient cold capacity ensures the heat exchange efficiency of the spray cooling. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector, determining the external ram air and the cold air flowing out of the vortex refrigeration box as the main cold source, using the onboard fuel as the emergency cold source, using the composite phase change material heat exchanger as the intermediate cold storage and cold release device, using the ejector to reduce the pressure of the spray chamber, and the cooling water undergoes boiling heat exchange to enhance heat exchange. The present invention is helpful to promote the application of phase change energy storage and high-efficiency heat exchange technology in the field of airborne equipment cooling.

[0006] The embodiment of the present application provides an airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector, including a trouble-free spray cooling system; the trouble-free spray cooling system includes a first spray medium storage tank 1-1, a spray medium circulation pump 2-1, a flow regulating valve 3, a first stop valve 4-1, a second stop valve 4-2, a third stop valve 4-3, a fourth stop valve 4-4, a fifth stop valve 4-5, a sixth stop valve 4-6, a seventh stop valve 4-7, an eighth stop valve 4-8, a ninth stop valve 4-9, a tenth stop valve 4-10, an eleventh stop valve 4-11, a twelfth stop valve Check valve 4-12, thirteenth stop valve 4-13, flow meter 5, first row of nozzles 1-2, second row of nozzles 1-3, third row of nozzles 1-4, surface to be cooled 1-5, spray chamber 1-6, condenser 1-7, ram air inlet 1-8, first phase change material heat exchanger 1-9, engine exhaust air inlet 1-10, ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11, ejector nozzle section 1-12, ejector mixing section 1-13, exhaust port 1-14, vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15, second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, first temperature sensing device 7-1, second temperature sensing device 7-2;

[0007] The spray chamber includes a first row of nozzles 1-2, a second row of nozzles 1-3, and a third row of nozzles 1-4, each row having four nozzles; the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9 has a ram air inlet, a ram air outlet, a spray medium inlet, and a spray medium outlet; the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16 has a cold air inlet, a cold air outlet, a spray medium inlet, and a spray medium outlet; the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 has an air inlet, a cold air outlet, and a hot air outlet; the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11 has an engine exhaust air inlet 1-10, a hot air outlet of the vortex refrigeration box 1-15, and a cold air outlet of the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16; the condenser 1-7 has a high-temperature water vapor inlet, a liquid water outlet, a ram air inlet 1-8, and a ram air outlet;

[0008] The outlet of the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 is connected to the inlet of the spray medium circulation pump 2-1, the outlet of the spray medium circulation pump 2-1 is connected to the inlet of the flow regulating valve 3, the outlet of the flow regulating valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the first stop valve 4-1, the outlet of the first stop valve 4-1 is connected to the inlet of the flow meter 5, the outlet of the flow meter 5 is connected to the inlets of the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3 and the fourth stop valve 4-4, the outlet of the second stop valve 4-2 is connected to the inlet of the first row of nozzles 1-2, the outlet of the third stop valve 4-3 is connected to the inlet of the second row of nozzles 1-3, the outlet of the fourth stop valve 4-4 is connected to the inlet of the third row of nozzles 1-4, the outlets of the first row of nozzles 1-2, the second row of nozzles 1-3 and the third row of nozzles 1-4 are above the surface to be cooled 1-5, the interface of the first temperature sensing device 7-1 At the upper right side of the surface to be cooled 1-5, the lower side outlet of the spray chamber 1-6 is connected to the first port of the condenser 1-7, the second port of the condenser 1-7 is connected to the inlet of the seventh stop valve 4-7 and the inlet of the eighth stop valve 4-8, the outlet of the seventh stop valve 4-7 is connected to the first port of the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the second port of the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9 is connected to the outlet of the eighth stop valve 4-8, the inlet of the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, and the inlet of the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the interface of the second temperature sensing device 7-2 is at the lower right side of the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the outlet of the twelfth stop valve 4-12 is connected to the first port of the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, the second port of the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16 is connected to the outlet of the thirteenth stop valve 4-13 and the inlet of the first spray medium storage tank 1-1;

[0009] The third port of the condenser 1-7 is connected to the inlet of the fifth stop valve 4-5, the outlet of the fifth stop valve 4-5 is connected to the ram air inlet 1-8, the ram air inlet 1-8 is connected to the inlet of the sixth stop valve 4-6, the outlet of the sixth stop valve 4-6 is connected to the third port of the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the fourth port of the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9 is connected to the inlet of the ninth stop valve 4-9, the outlet of the ninth stop valve 4-9 is connected to the inlet of the vortex refrigeration box 1-15, the cold air outlet of the vortex refrigeration box 1-15 is connected to the third port of the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, and the hot air outlet of the vortex refrigeration box 1-15 is connected to the hot air outlet of the tenth stop valve 4-6. The inlet of the stop valve 4-10 is connected, the outlet of the tenth stop valve 4-10 is connected to the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11, the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11 is connected to the outlet of the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the inlet of the eleventh stop valve 4-11 is connected to the engine exhaust air inlet 1-10, the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11 is connected to the inlet of the ejector nozzle section 1-12, the outlet of the ejector nozzle section 1-12 is connected to the right inlet of the spray chamber 1-6, the left outlet of the spray chamber 1-6 is connected to the inlet of the ejector mixing section 1-13, and the outlet of the ejector mixing section 1-13 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust port 1-14;

[0010] It includes an emergency spray cooling system; the emergency spray cooling system includes a second spray medium storage tank 6-1, a spray medium circulation pump 2-1, a flow regulating valve 3, a first stop valve 4-1, a second stop valve 4-2, a third stop valve 4-3, a fourth stop valve 4-4, a fourteenth stop valve 4-14, a fifteenth stop valve 4-15, a flow meter 5, a first row of nozzles 1-2, a second row of nozzles 1-3, a third row of nozzles 1-4, a surface to be cooled 1-5, a spray chamber 1-6, a third phase change heat exchanger 6-2, a heat exchanger 6-3, an oil pump 2-2, an oil tank 6-4, a compressor 6-5, and a throttle valve 6-6;

[0011] Among them, the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 has a spray medium inlet, a spray medium outlet, a refrigerant inlet, and a refrigerant outlet; the heat exchanger 6-3 has an onboard fuel inlet, an onboard fuel outlet, a refrigerant inlet, and a refrigerant outlet; the oil tank 6-4 has an oil inlet and an oil outlet;

[0012] The outlet of the second spray medium storage tank 6-1 is connected to the inlet of the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the outlet of the fourteenth stop valve 4-14 is connected to the inlet of the spray medium circulation pump 2-1, the outlet of the spray medium circulation pump 2-1 is connected to the inlet of the flow regulating valve 3, the outlet of the flow regulating valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the first stop valve 4-1, the outlet of the first stop valve 4-1 is connected to the inlet of the flow meter 5, the outlet of the flow meter 5 is connected to the inlets of the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, and the fourth stop valve 4-4; the outlet of the second stop valve 4-2 is connected to the first row of nozzles 1 -2, the outlet of the third stop valve 4-3 is connected to the inlet of the second row of nozzles 1-3, the outlet of the fourth stop valve 4-4 is connected to the inlet of the third row of nozzles 1-4, the outlets of the first row of nozzles 1-2, the second row of nozzles 1-3, and the third row of nozzles 1-4 are above the surface to be cooled 1-5, the interface of the first temperature sensing device 7-1 is at the upper right of the surface to be cooled 1-5, the lower side outlet of the spray chamber 1-6 is connected to the first port of the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2, and the second port of the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 is connected to the inlet of the second spray medium storage tank 6-1;

[0013] The inlet of the fifteenth stop valve 4-15 is connected to the inlet of the oil tank 6-4, the outlet of the oil tank 6-4 is connected to the inlet of the oil pump 2-2, the outlet of the oil pump 2-2 is connected to the first port of the heat exchanger 6-3, the second port of the heat exchanger 6-3 is connected to the outlet of the fifteenth stop valve 4-15, the third port of the heat exchanger 6-3 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 6-5, the inlet of the compressor 6-5 is connected to the third port of the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2, the fourth port of the heat exchanger 6-3 is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 6-6, and the outlet of the throttle valve 6-6 is connected to the fourth port of the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2;

[0014] The first row of nozzles 1-2, the second row of nozzles 1-3, the third row of nozzles 1-4 and the surface to be cooled 1-5 are all closed and installed in the spray chamber 1-6.

[0015] The first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16 and the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 all use a phase change material that is a composite of low melting point metal and paraffin.

[0016] The refrigerant is R22, R134a or R407C.

[0017] The phase change materials in the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, and the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 are in a liquid state after releasing cold, and in a solid state after storing cold.

[0018] The heat exchanger 6-3 and the condenser 1-7 are plate heat exchangers. The vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 includes a plurality of vortex tubes, and the number of vortex tubes is designed according to the actual cooling capacity required by the aircraft.

[0019] The present invention discloses an airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector, which includes the following processes during operation:

[0020] Ram air heat exchange process: open the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, close the eighth stop valve 4-8, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, the throttle valve 6-6, and the external low-temperature ram air enters the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9 through the ram air inlet 1-8, and the cold energy is transferred to the composite phase change material in the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9. After the ram air passes through the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the temperature rises and becomes hot air. The hot air flows into the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15, and the cold air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 enters the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16. In the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, the cold air is transferred to the composite phase change material. After passing through the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, the temperature of the cold air increases and becomes hot air. The hot air flows into the external environment. The hot air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 and the high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas introduced from the engine exhaust air inlet 1-10 are ejected into the right side inlet of the spray chamber 1-6 through the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11. The high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas carries the hot air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 and takes away the gas in the spray chamber 1-6, causing the pressure in the spray chamber 1-6 to drop, thereby reducing the boiling point of the water in the spray chamber 1-6; the mixed gas composed of the exhaust gas, hot air and the gas in the spray chamber 1-6 enters the ejector mixing section 1-13 from the left side outlet of the spray chamber 1-6, is fully mixed and depressurized in the ejector mixing section 1-13, and is discharged out of the aircraft through the exhaust port 1-14. Another part of the ram air enters the third port of the condenser 1-7, where the cold energy is transferred to the high-temperature water vapor formed by the boiling heat exchange of the cooling water in the spray chamber 1-6. After passing through the condenser 1-7, the ram air is heated up and becomes hot air, which flows into the external environment.

[0021] Onboard fuel heat exchange process: When using ram air and cold air flowing out of vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 as cold sources, using ejectors 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, 1-14 to reduce pressure and enhance heat exchange, and using composite phase change material heat exchangers 1-9, 1-16, 6-2 to store and release cold, when a leak occurs in the multi-nozzle onboard spray cooling system pipeline, open the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the fifteenth stop valve 4-14, and the throttle valve 6-6, and close the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, and the eleventh stop valve 4-11 , the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, use the onboard fuel as a cold source to absorb the heat released by the refrigerant flowing out of the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 after cold storage, and the composite phase change material transfers the cold to the cooling water; the low-temperature fuel in the fuel tank 6-4 enters the heat exchanger 6-3 through the fifteenth stop valve 4-15, exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 6-3, and the temperature of the low-temperature fuel increases after passing through the heat exchanger 6-3 to become high-temperature fuel. The high-temperature fuel flows into the fuel tank 6-4 to complete the cycle, and the refrigerant condenses and releases heat in the heat exchanger 6-3, and is reduced in pressure by the throttle valve 6-6 to enter the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 to evaporate and absorb heat, and after transferring the cold to the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 to store cold, the refrigerant is driven by the compressor 6-5 to increase the temperature and pressure and flow into the heat exchanger 6-3 to complete the cycle;

[0022] Spray cooling process: a fixed amount of water is stored in the first spray medium storage tank 1-1. When the system is operating normally, when the first temperature sensor 7-1 measures that the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5 is greater than 80°C and a large amount of heat dissipation is required, the water pump 2-1, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the twelfth stop valve 4-12 are turned on, and the eighth stop valve 4-8, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, and the fifteenth stop valve 4-15 are closed. The cold water in the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 passes through the water pump 2-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, and the twelfth stop valve 4-12. 3 and flowmeter 5, then flows into the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3, is atomized in the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3, and is sprayed to the surface to be cooled 1-5 to reduce the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5, and the high-temperature water vapor after the ejector pressure reduction and enhanced boiling heat exchange is completed flows into the condenser 1-7 through the lower outlet of the spray chamber 1-6, and is condensed and heat-exchanged with the ram air in the condenser 1-7 to become low-temperature water, and the low-temperature water flows into the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9 through the seventh stop valve 4-7, and is cooled by heat exchange with the composite phase change material in the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9, and the cooling water flows into the second phase-change heat exchanger 1-16 through the twelfth stop valve 4-12, and is cooled again by heat exchange with the composite phase change material in the second phase-change heat exchanger 1-16, and the cooled cooling water flows into the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 to complete the cycle;

[0023] When the first temperature sensor 7-1 measures that the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5 is less than 80°C and normal heat dissipation is required, the water pump 2-1, the first stop valve 4-1, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13 are turned on, and the second stop valve 4-2, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the fifteenth stop valve 4-15 are closed, and the cold water in the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 is discharged through the water pump 2-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, and the second stop valve 4-2, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, and the fifteenth stop valve 4-15. The high-temperature water vapor after the ejector pressure reduction and enhanced boiling heat exchange flows into the condenser 1-7 through the lower outlet of the spray chamber 1-6, and is condensed and heat-exchanged with the ram air in the condenser 1-7 to form low-temperature water. The low-temperature water flows into the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9 through the seventh stop valve 4-7, and is heat-exchanged and cooled with the composite phase-change material in the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9. The cooling water flows into the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 through the thirteenth stop valve 4-13 to complete the cycle.

[0024] When the system pipeline leaks and the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3 fail, open the first stop valve 4-1, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the fifteenth stop valve 4-15, and the throttle valve 6-6, and close the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, and the thirteenth stop valve 4- 13. The cold water in the second spray medium storage tank 6-1 flows into the third row of nozzles 1-4 after passing through the water pump 2-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2 and the flow meter 5. After being atomized in the third row of nozzles 1-4, it is sprayed to the surface to be cooled 1-5 to reduce the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5. After the heat exchange is completed, the hot water flows into the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 through the lower outlet of the spray chamber 1-6. In the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2, it exchanges heat with the composite phase change material and cools down to become cooling water. The cooling water flows into the second spray medium storage tank 6-1 to complete the cycle.

[0025] Phase change material cold storage process: when spray cooling is not in progress, close the seventh stop valve 4-7, the first phase change material 1-9 changes to a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the ram air introduced from the ram air inlet 1-8, and the composite phase change material stores cold; close the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the second phase change material 1-16 changes to a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and the composite phase change material stores cold; close the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the third phase change material 6-2 changes to a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and the composite phase change material stores cold.

[0026] The first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3 spray atomized cooling water to the surface to be cooled 1-5 individually or simultaneously according to the feedback of the first temperature sensing device 7-1. The third row of nozzles 1-4 serves as a backup nozzle. When the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3 fail, the third row of nozzles 1-4 sprays atomized cooling water to the surface to be cooled 1-5. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0028] Attached Figure 1The label names in the figure are as follows: 1-1. The first spray medium storage tank, 2-1. The spray medium circulation pump, 3. The flow regulating valve, 4-1. The first stop valve, 4-2. The second stop valve, 4-3. The third stop valve, 4-4. The fourth stop valve, 4-5. The fifth stop valve, 4-6. The sixth stop valve, 4-7. The seventh stop valve, 4-8. The eighth stop valve, 4-9. The ninth stop valve, 4-10. The tenth stop valve, 4-11. The eleventh stop valve, 4-12. The twelfth stop valve, 4-13. The thirteenth stop valve, 4-14. The fourteenth stop valve, 4-15. The fifteenth stop valve, 5. The flow meter, 1-2. The first row of nozzles, 1-3. The second row of nozzles, 1-4. Three rows of nozzles, 1-5. Surface to be cooled, 1-6. Spray chamber, 1-7. Condenser, 1-8. Ram air inlet, 1-9. First phase change material heat exchanger, 1-10. Engine exhaust air inlet, 1-11. Ejector mixed gas inlet, 1-12. Ejector nozzle section, 1-13. Ejector mixing section, 1-14. Exhaust port, 1-15. Vortex tube refrigeration box, 1-16. Second phase change heat exchanger, 7-1. First temperature sensing device, 7-2. Second temperature sensing device, 6-1. Second spray medium storage tank, 6-2. Third phase change heat exchanger, 6-3. Heat exchanger, 2-2. Oil pump, 6-4. Oil tank, 6-5. Compressor, 6-6. Throttle valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector mainly includes a first spray medium storage tank 1-1, a spray medium circulation pump 2-1, a flow regulating valve 3, a first stop valve 4-1, a second stop valve 4-2, a third stop valve 4-3, a fourth stop valve 4-4, a fifth stop valve 4-5, a sixth stop valve 4-6, a seventh stop valve 4-7, an eighth stop valve 4-8, a ninth stop valve 4-9, a tenth stop valve 4-10, an eleventh stop valve 4-11, a twelfth stop valve 4-12, a thirteenth stop valve 4-13, a fourteenth stop valve 4-14, a fifteenth stop valve 4-15, a flow meter 5, a first row of nozzles 1- 2. The second row of nozzles 1-3, the third row of nozzles 1-4, the surface to be cooled 1-5, the spray chamber 1-6, the condenser 1-7, the ram air inlet 1-8, the first phase change material heat exchanger 1-9, the engine exhaust air inlet 1-10, the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11, the ejector nozzle section 1-12, the ejector mixing section 1-13, the exhaust port 1-14, the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15, the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16, the first temperature sensing device 7-1, the second temperature sensing device 7-2, the second spray medium storage tank 6-1, the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2, the heat exchanger 6-3, the oil pump 2-2, the oil tank 6-4, the compressor 6-5, and the throttle valve 6-6.

[0030] Before the aircraft takes off, the operation time of the two spray cooling systems, fault-free and emergency, is calculated based on the aircraft's flight time and the equipment's required cooling time. A predetermined amount of water is filled in the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 and the second spray medium storage tank 6-1 based on the operation time. At this time, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, and the fifteenth stop valve 4-15 are all in a closed state.

[0031] After the aircraft takes off, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, and the twelfth stop valve 4-12 are opened, and the eighth stop valve 4-8, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, and the throttle valve 6-6 are closed. A part of the low-temperature ram air from the outside enters the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9 through the ram air inlet 1-8, and the cold energy is transferred to the composite phase change material in the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9. After the ram air passes through the first phase change heat exchanger 1-9, the temperature rises and becomes hot air. The hot air flows into the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15, and the cold air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 enters the second phase change heat exchanger 1-16. The cold air is transferred to the composite phase change material in the two-phase heat exchanger 1-16. The temperature of the cold air rises after passing through the second phase heat exchanger 1-16 and becomes hot air. The hot air flows into the external environment. The hot air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 and the high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas introduced from the engine exhaust air inlet 1-10 are sprayed into the right side inlet of the spray chamber 1-6 through the ejector mixed gas inlet 1-11. The high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas carries the hot air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 and takes away the gas in the spray chamber 1-6, causing the pressure in the spray chamber 1-6 to drop, thereby reducing the boiling point of the water in the spray chamber 1-6; the mixed gas composed of the exhaust gas, hot air and the gas in the spray chamber 1-6 enters the ejector mixing section 1-13 from the left side outlet of the spray chamber 1-6, is fully mixed and depressurized in the ejector mixing section 1-13, and is discharged out of the aircraft through the exhaust port 1-14. Another part of the ram air enters the third port of the condenser 1-7, and in the condenser 1-7, the cold energy is transferred to the high-temperature water vapor formed after the cooling water in the spray chamber 1-6 undergoes boiling heat exchange. After passing through the condenser 1-7, the ram air increases in temperature and becomes hot air, and the hot air flows into the external environment.When the ram air and the cold air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box 1-15 are used as the cold source, the ejectors 1-11, 1-12, 1-13, and 1-14 are used to reduce the pressure and enhance the heat exchange, and the multi-nozzle airborne spray cooling system pipeline using the composite phase change material heat exchanger 1-9, 1-16, and 6-2 to store and release cold is leaked, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the fifteenth stop valve 4-14, and the throttle valve 6-6 are opened, and the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, and the twelfth stop valve 6-6 are closed. The check valve 4-12 and the thirteenth stop valve 4-13 use the onboard fuel as a cold source to absorb the heat released by the refrigerant flowing out of the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 after cold storage, and the composite phase change material transfers the cold to the cooling water; the low-temperature fuel in the fuel tank 6-4 enters the heat exchanger 6-3 through the fifteenth stop valve 4-15, exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 6-3, and the temperature of the low-temperature fuel increases after passing through the heat exchanger 6-3 to become high-temperature fuel, and the high-temperature fuel flows into the fuel tank 6-4 to complete the cycle, and the refrigerant condenses and releases heat in the heat exchanger 6-3, and is reduced in pressure by the throttle valve 6-6 and enters the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 to evaporate and absorb heat, and after transferring the cold to the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 to store cold, the refrigerant is driven by the compressor 6-5 to increase the temperature and pressure and flow into the heat exchanger 6-3 to complete the cycle.

[0032] After the aircraft takes off, when it is necessary to cool the electronic equipment or other surfaces, when the first temperature sensor 7-1 measures that the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5 is greater than 80°C and a large amount of heat dissipation is required, the water pump 2-1, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the twelfth stop valve 4-12 are turned on, and the eighth stop valve 4-8, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, and the fifteenth stop valve 4-15 are closed. The cold water in the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 passes through the water pump 2-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3 and the flow meter 5, then flows into the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3, is atomized in the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3, and is sprayed to the surface to be cooled 1-5, thereby reducing the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5. After the high-temperature water vapor is depressurized and enhanced by boiling heat exchange by the ejector, it flows into the condenser 1-7 through the lower outlet of the spray chamber 1-6, and is condensed and heat-exchanged with the ram air in the condenser 1-7 to become low-temperature water. The low-temperature water flows into the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9 through the seventh stop valve 4-7, and is cooled by heat exchange with the composite phase-change material in the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9. The cooling water flows into the second phase-change heat exchanger 1-16 through the twelfth stop valve 4-12, and is cooled again by heat exchange with the composite phase-change material in the second phase-change heat exchanger 1-16. The cooled cooling water flows into the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 to complete the cycle.

[0033] When the first temperature sensor 7-1 measures that the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5 is less than 80°C and normal heat dissipation is required, the water pump 2-1, the first stop valve 4-1, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13 are turned on, and the second stop valve 4-2, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the fifteenth stop valve 4-15 are closed, and the cold water in the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 is discharged through the water pump 2-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the thirteenth stop valve 4-13, and the second stop valve 4-2, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, and the fifteenth stop valve 4-15. The high-temperature water vapor after the ejector pressure reduction and enhanced boiling heat exchange flows into the condenser 1-7 through the lower outlet of the spray chamber 1-6, and is condensed and heat-exchanged with the ram air in the condenser 1-7 to form low-temperature water. The low-temperature water flows into the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9 through the seventh stop valve 4-7, and is heat-exchanged and cooled with the composite phase-change material in the first phase-change heat exchanger 1-9. The cooling water flows into the first spray medium storage tank 1-1 through the thirteenth stop valve 4-13 to complete the cycle.

[0034] When the system pipeline leaks, the first row of nozzles 1-2 and the second row of nozzles 1-3 fail, open the first stop valve 4-1, the fourth stop valve 4-4, the fourteenth stop valve 4-14, the fifteenth stop valve 4-15, and the throttle valve 6-6, and close the second stop valve 4-2, the third stop valve 4-3, the fifth stop valve 4-5, the sixth stop valve 4-6, the seventh stop valve 4-7, the eighth stop valve 4-8, the ninth stop valve 4-9, the tenth stop valve 4-10, the eleventh stop valve 4-11, the twelfth stop valve 4-12, and the thirteenth stop valve 4- 13. The cold water in the second spray medium storage tank 6-1 flows into the third row of nozzles 1-4 after passing through the water pump 2-1, the flow regulating valve 3, the first stop valve 4-1, the second stop valve 4-2 and the flow meter 5. After being atomized in the third row of nozzles 1-4, it is sprayed to the surface to be cooled 1-5 to reduce the temperature of the surface to be cooled 1-5. After the heat exchange is completed, the hot water flows into the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2 through the lower outlet of the spray chamber 1-6. In the third phase change heat exchanger 6-2, it exchanges heat with the composite phase change material and cools down to become cooling water. The cooling water flows into the second spray medium storage tank 6-1 to complete the cycle.

[0035] When the composite phase change material needs to store cold, the seventh stop valve 4-7 is closed, and the first phase change material 1-9 changes to a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the ram air introduced from the ram air inlet 1-8, and the composite phase change material stores cold; the twelfth stop valve 4-12 is closed, and the second phase change material 1-16 changes to a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and the composite phase change material stores cold; the fourteenth stop valve 4-14 is closed, and the third phase change material 6-2 changes to a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and the composite phase change material stores cold;

[0036] The onboard multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector uses water as the cooling medium, which does not corrode or pollute the surface of chips and electronic equipment; uses external ram air as the main cold source, and uses onboard fuel as an emergency cold source. When the use of onboard fuel causes pipeline leakage and the ram air cannot be used normally, the redundancy and reliability of the spray cooling system are guaranteed. When the nozzle fails, the use of spare nozzles also increases the reliability of the system. The cold air flowing out of the external ram air and the vortex tube refrigeration box corresponds to two phase change material heat exchangers respectively, and is used in combination for different surface temperatures, effectively controlling the water temperature and ensuring the heat exchange performance of the spray cooling. When using ram air as the cold source, an ejector is used to reduce the pressure of the spray chamber, and the cooling water boils and exchanges heat to enhance the spray heat exchange effect. The introduction of composite phase change materials allows the system to still accumulate cold energy in the phase change material when the spray cooling is not working, so that the spray cooling device can be turned on at any time.

Claims

1. An airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector, characterized in that: The invention comprises a trouble-free spray cooling system; the trouble-free spray cooling system comprises a first spray medium storage tank (1-1), a spray medium circulation pump (2-1), a flow regulating valve (3), a first stop valve (4-1), a second stop valve (4-2), a third stop valve (4-3), a fourth stop valve (4-4), a fifth stop valve (4-5), a sixth stop valve (4-6), a seventh stop valve (4-7), an eighth stop valve (4-8), a ninth stop valve (4-9), a tenth stop valve (4-10), an eleventh stop valve (4-11), a twelfth stop valve (4-12), a thirteenth stop valve (4-13), a flow meter ( 5), a first row of nozzles (1-2), a second row of nozzles (1-3), a third row of nozzles (1-4), a surface to be cooled (1-5), a spray chamber (1-6), a condenser (1-7), a ram air inlet (1-8), a first phase change material heat exchanger (1-9), an engine exhaust air inlet (1-10), an ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11), an ejector nozzle section (1-12), an ejector mixing section (1-13), an exhaust port (1-14), a vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15), a second phase change heat exchanger (1-16), a first temperature sensing device (7-1), and a second temperature sensing device (7-2); The spray chamber comprises a first row of nozzles (1-2), a second row of nozzles (1-3), and a third row of nozzles (1-4), each row having four nozzles; the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9) has a ram air inlet, a ram air outlet, a spray medium inlet, and a spray medium outlet; the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16) has a cold air inlet, a cold air outlet, a spray medium inlet, and a spray medium outlet; the vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15) has an air inlet, a cold air outlet, and a hot air outlet; the ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11) has an engine exhaust air inlet (1-10), a hot air outlet of the vortex refrigeration box (1-15), and a cold air outlet of the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16); the condenser (1-7) has a high-temperature water vapor inlet, a liquid water outlet, a ram air inlet, and a ram air outlet; The outlet of the first spray medium storage tank (1-1) is connected to the inlet of the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the outlet of the spray medium circulation pump (2-1) is connected to the inlet of the flow regulating valve (3), the outlet of the flow regulating valve (3) is connected to the inlet of the first stop valve (4-1), the outlet of the first stop valve (4-1) is connected to the inlet of the flow meter (5), the outlet of the flow meter (5) is connected to the inlet of the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3), and the fourth stop valve (4-4), the outlet of the second stop valve (4-2) is connected to the inlet of the first row of nozzles (1-2), the outlet of the third stop valve (4-3) is connected to the inlet of the second row of nozzles (1-3), the outlet of the fourth stop valve (4-4) is connected to the inlet of the third row of nozzles (1-4), the outlets of the first row of nozzles (1-2), the second row of nozzles (1-3), and the third row of nozzles (1-4) are above the surface to be cooled (1-5), and the first temperature sensing device (7-1 ) is at the upper right of the surface to be cooled (1-5), the lower outlet of the spray chamber (1-6) is connected to the first port of the condenser (1-7), the second port of the condenser (1-7) is connected to the inlet of the seventh stop valve (4-7) and the inlet of the eighth stop valve (4-8), the outlet of the seventh stop valve (4-7) is connected to the first port of the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the second port of the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9) is connected to the outlet of the eighth stop valve (4-8), the inlet of the thirteenth stop valve (4-13), and the inlet of the twelfth stop valve (4-12), the interface of the second temperature sensing device (7-2) is at the lower right of the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the outlet of the twelfth stop valve (4-12) is connected to the first port of the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16), the second port of the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16) is connected to the outlet of the thirteenth stop valve (4-13) and the inlet of the first spray medium storage tank (1-1); The third port of the condenser (1-7) is connected to the inlet of the fifth stop valve (4-5), the outlet of the fifth stop valve (4-5) is connected to the ram air inlet (1-8), the ram air inlet (1-8) is connected to the inlet of the sixth stop valve (4-6), the outlet of the sixth stop valve (4-6) is connected to the third port of the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the fourth port of the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9) is connected to the inlet of the ninth stop valve (4-9), the outlet of the ninth stop valve (4-9) is connected to the inlet of the vortex refrigeration box (1-15), the cold air outlet of the vortex refrigeration box (1-15) is connected to the third port of the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16), and the hot air outlet of the vortex refrigeration box (1-15) is connected to the hot air outlet of the tenth stop valve (4-9). The inlet of the stop valve (4-10) is connected to the inlet of the ejector mixing section (1-13), the outlet of the tenth stop valve (4-10) is connected to the ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11), the ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11) is connected to the outlet of the eleventh stop valve (4-11), the inlet of the eleventh stop valve (4-11) is connected to the engine exhaust air inlet (1-10), the ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11) is connected to the inlet of the ejector nozzle section (1-12), the outlet of the ejector nozzle section (1-12) is connected to the right inlet of the spray chamber (1-6), the left outlet of the spray chamber (1-6) is connected to the inlet of the ejector mixing section (1-13), and the outlet of the ejector mixing section (1-13) is connected to the inlet of the exhaust port (1-14); The emergency spray cooling system comprises a second spray medium storage tank (6-1), a spray medium circulation pump (2-1), a flow regulating valve (3), a first stop valve (4-1), a second stop valve (4-2), a third stop valve (4-3), a fourth stop valve (4-4), a fourteenth stop valve (4-14), a fifteenth stop valve (4-15), a flow meter (5), a first row of nozzles (1-2), a second row of nozzles (1-3), a third row of nozzles (1-4), a surface to be cooled (1-5), a spray chamber (1-6), a third phase change heat exchanger (6-2), a heat exchanger (6-3), an oil pump (2-2), an oil tank (6-4), a compressor (6-5), and a throttle valve (6-6); The third phase-changing heat exchanger (6-2) has a spray medium inlet, a spray medium outlet, a refrigerant inlet, and a refrigerant outlet; the heat exchanger (6-3) has an onboard fuel inlet, an onboard fuel outlet, a refrigerant inlet, and a refrigerant outlet; the oil tank (6-4) has an oil inlet and an oil outlet; The outlet of the second spray medium storage tank (6-1) is connected to the inlet of the fourteenth stop valve (4-14), the outlet of the fourteenth stop valve (4-14) is connected to the inlet of the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the outlet of the spray medium circulation pump (2-1) is connected to the inlet of the flow regulating valve (3), the outlet of the flow regulating valve (3) is connected to the inlet of the first stop valve (4-1), the outlet of the first stop valve (4-1) is connected to the inlet of the flow meter (5), the outlet of the flow meter (5) is connected to the inlets of the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3) and the fourth stop valve (4-4), the outlet of the second stop valve (4-2) is connected to the inlet of the first row of nozzles (1 -2), the outlet of the third stop valve (4-3) is connected to the inlet of the second row of nozzles (1-3), the outlet of the fourth stop valve (4-4) is connected to the inlet of the third row of nozzles (1-4), the outlets of the first row of nozzles (1-2), the second row of nozzles (1-3) and the third row of nozzles (1-4) are above the surface to be cooled (1-5), the interface of the first temperature sensing device (7-1) is above the surface to be cooled (1-5), the lower side outlet of the spray chamber (1-6) is connected to the first port of the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2), and the second port of the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) is connected to the inlet of the second spray medium storage tank (6-1); The inlet of the fifteenth stop valve (4-15) is connected to the inlet of the oil tank (6-4), the outlet of the oil tank (6-4) is connected to the inlet of the oil pump (2-2), the outlet of the oil pump (2-2) is connected to the first port of the heat exchanger (6-3), the second port of the heat exchanger (6-3) is connected to the outlet of the fifteenth stop valve (4-15), the third port of the heat exchanger (6-3) is connected to the outlet of the compressor (6-5), the inlet of the compressor (6-5) is connected to the third port of the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2), the fourth port of the heat exchanger (6-3) is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve (6-6), and the outlet of the throttle valve (6-6) is connected to the fourth port of the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2).

2. The airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first row of nozzles (1-2), the second row of nozzles (1-3), the third row of nozzles (1-4) and the surface to be cooled (1-5) are all installed in a closed manner in a spray chamber (1-6).

3. The airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16) and the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) all use a phase change material that is a composite of low melting point metal and paraffin.

4. The airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigerant is R22, R134a or R407C.

5. The airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change materials in the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16) and the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) are in a liquid state after releasing cold and in a solid state after storing cold.

6. The airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (6-3) and the condenser (1-7) are plate-type heat exchangers. The vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15) contains a plurality of vortex tubes, and the number of vortex tubes is designed according to the actual cooling capacity required by the aircraft.

7. The method of the airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 1, characterized in that The process includes: Ram air heat exchange process: open the first stop valve (4-1), the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3), the fourth stop valve (4-4), the fifth stop valve (4-5), the sixth stop valve (4-6), the seventh stop valve (4-7), the ninth stop valve (4-9), the tenth stop valve (4-10), the eleventh stop valve (4-11), and the twelfth stop valve (4-12), and close the eighth stop valve (4-8), the thirteenth stop valve (4-13), and the throttle valve (6-6). The low-temperature ram air from the outside passes through the ram air. A portion of the compressed air inlet (1-8) enters the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), where the cold energy is transferred to the composite phase change material. After the compressed air passes through the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the temperature of the compressed air increases and becomes hot air. The hot air flows into the vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15). The cold air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15) enters the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16), where the cold energy is transferred to the composite phase change material. After the cold air passes through the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16), the The temperature rises and turns into hot air, which flows into the external environment. The hot air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15) and the high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas introduced from the engine exhaust air inlet (1-10) are sprayed into the right inlet of the spray chamber (1-6) through the ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11). The high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas carries the hot air flowing out of the vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15) and takes away the gas in the spray chamber (1-6), causing the pressure in the spray chamber (1-6) to drop, thereby reducing the boiling point of the water in the spray chamber (1-6); the exhaust gas, hot air and the spray chamber ( The mixed gas composed of the gases in the spray chamber (1-6) enters the ejector mixing section (1-13) from the left outlet of the spray chamber (1-6), is fully mixed and depressurized in the ejector mixing section (1-13), and is discharged out of the aircraft through the exhaust port (1-14); the other part of the ram air enters the third port of the condenser (1-7), and in the condenser (1-7), the cold energy is transferred to the high-temperature water vapor formed after the cooling water in the spray chamber (1-6) undergoes boiling heat exchange. After passing through the condenser (1-7), the temperature of the ram air increases and becomes hot air, and the hot air flows into the external environment; Onboard fuel heat exchange process: when using ram air and cold air flowing out of a vortex tube refrigeration box (1-15) as a cold source, using the ejector mixed gas inlet (1-11), ejector nozzle section (1-12), ejector mixing section (1-13), and exhaust port (1-14) to reduce pressure and enhance heat exchange, and using the first phase change heat exchanger (1-9), the second phase change heat exchanger (1-16), and the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) to store and release cold, when a leak occurs in the multi-nozzle onboard spray cooling system pipeline, the first stop valve (4-1), the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3), the fourth stop valve (4-4), the fourteenth stop valve (4-14), the fifteenth stop valve (4-15), and the throttle valve (6-6) are opened, and the fifth stop valve (4-5), the sixth stop valve (4-6), the seventh stop valve (4-7), the eighth stop valve (4-8), the ninth stop valve (4-9), and the third stop valve (4-10) are closed. The tenth stop valve (4-10), the eleventh stop valve (4-11), the twelfth stop valve (4-12), and the thirteenth stop valve (4-13) use the onboard fuel as a cold source to absorb the heat released by the refrigerant flowing out of the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) after cold storage, and the composite phase change material transfers the cold to the cooling water; the low-temperature fuel in the fuel tank (6-4) enters the heat exchanger (6-3) through the fifteenth stop valve (4-15), and reacts with the low-temperature fuel in the heat exchanger (6-3). The refrigerant exchanges heat, the temperature of the low-temperature fuel increases after passing through the heat exchanger (6-3) to become high-temperature fuel, and the high-temperature fuel flows into the fuel tank (6-4) to complete the cycle, the refrigerant condenses and releases heat in the heat exchanger (6-3), and is reduced in pressure by the throttle valve (6-6) to enter the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) to evaporate and absorb heat, and the cold energy is transferred to the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) to store cold, and the refrigerant is driven by the compressor (6-5) to increase the temperature and pressure and flow into the heat exchanger (6-3) to complete the cycle; Spray cooling process: a fixed amount of water is stored in the first spray medium storage tank (1-1). When the system is operating normally, when the first temperature sensing device (7-1) detects that the temperature of the surface to be cooled (1-5) is greater than 80°C and a large amount of heat dissipation is required, the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the first stop valve (4-1), the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3), the fifth stop valve (4-5), the sixth stop valve (4-6), the seventh stop valve (4-7), the ninth stop valve (4-9), the tenth stop valve (4-10), the eleventh stop valve (4-11), and the twelfth stop valve (4-12) are opened, and the eighth stop valve (4-8), the thirteenth stop valve (4-13), the fourteenth stop valve (4-14), and the fifteenth stop valve (4-15) are closed. The cold water in the first spray medium storage tank (1-1) is discharged through the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first stop valve (4-1), the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3), the fifth stop valve (4-5), the sixth stop valve (4-6), the seventh stop valve (4-7), the ninth stop valve (4-9), the tenth stop valve (4-10), the eleventh stop valve (4-11), and the twelfth stop valve (4-12) are closed. 2), the third stop valve (4-3) and the flow meter (5) flow into the first row of nozzles (1-2) and the second row of nozzles (1-3), and are atomized in the first row of nozzles (1-2) and the second row of nozzles (1-3) and then sprayed onto the surface to be cooled (1-5), thereby reducing the temperature of the surface to be cooled (1-5). After the pressure reduction and enhanced boiling heat exchange of the ejector are completed, the high-temperature water vapor flows into the condenser (1-7) through the lower outlet of the spray chamber (1-6), and in the condenser (1-7) The low-temperature water is condensed and heat-exchanged with the ram air to form low-temperature water, which flows into the first phase-change heat exchanger (1-9) through the seventh stop valve (4-7), and exchanges heat with the composite phase-change material in the first phase-change heat exchanger (1-9) to reduce the temperature, and the cooling water flows into the second phase-change heat exchanger (1-16) through the twelfth stop valve (4-12), and exchanges heat with the composite phase-change material in the second phase-change heat exchanger (1-16) to reduce the temperature again, and the cooled cooling water flows into the first spray medium storage tank (1-1) to complete the cycle; When the first temperature sensing device (7-1) detects that the temperature of the surface to be cooled (1-5) is less than 80°C and normal heat dissipation is required, the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the first stop valve (4-1), the third stop valve (4-3), the fifth stop valve (4-5), the sixth stop valve (4-6), the seventh stop valve (4-7), the ninth stop valve (4-9), the tenth stop valve (4-10), the eleventh stop valve (4-11), and the thirteenth stop valve (4-13) are opened, and the second stop valve (4-2), the eighth stop valve (4-8), the twelfth stop valve (4-12), the fourteenth stop valve (4-14), and the fifteenth stop valve (4-15) are closed, and the cold water in the first spray medium storage tank (1-1) is discharged through the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the flow After passing through the regulating valve (3), the first stop valve (4-1), the second stop valve (4-2) and the flow meter (5), the water flows into the first row of nozzles (1-2), is atomized in the first row of nozzles (1-2) and then sprayed onto the surface to be cooled (1-5), thereby reducing the temperature of the surface to be cooled (1-5). After the high-temperature water vapor is depressurized and enhanced by boiling heat exchange in the ejector, it flows into the condenser (1-7) through the lower outlet of the spray chamber (1-6), and is condensed and heat-exchanged with the ram air in the condenser (1-7) to form low-temperature water. The low-temperature water flows into the first phase-change heat exchanger (1-9) through the seventh stop valve (4-7), and is heat-exchanged and cooled with the composite phase-change material in the first phase-change heat exchanger (1-9). The cooling water flows into the first spray medium storage tank (1-1) through the thirteenth stop valve (4-13), thereby completing the cycle. When the system pipeline leaks or the first row of nozzles (1-2) and the second row of nozzles (1-3) fail, the first stop valve (4-1), the fourth stop valve (4-4), the fourteenth stop valve (4-14), the fifteenth stop valve (4-15), and the throttle valve (6-6) are opened, and the second stop valve (4-2), the third stop valve (4-3), the fifth stop valve (4-5), the sixth stop valve (4-6), the seventh stop valve (4-7), the eighth stop valve (4-8), the ninth stop valve (4-9), the tenth stop valve (4-10), the eleventh stop valve (4-11), the twelfth stop valve (4-12), and the thirteenth stop valve (4-13) are closed. 13), the cold water in the second spray medium storage tank (6-1) flows into the third row of nozzles (1-4) after passing through the spray medium circulation pump (2-1), the flow regulating valve (3), the first stop valve (4-1), the second stop valve (4-2) and the flow meter (5), is atomized in the third row of nozzles (1-4) and sprayed onto the surface to be cooled (1-5), thereby reducing the temperature of the surface to be cooled (1-5), and the hot water after the heat exchange is completed flows into the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) through the lower outlet of the spray chamber (1-6), exchanges heat with the composite phase change material in the third phase change heat exchanger (6-2) and is cooled to become cooling water, and the cooling water flows into the second spray medium storage tank (6-1) to complete the cycle; Phase change material cold storage process: when spray cooling is not performed, the seventh stop valve (4-7) is closed, the first phase change material (1-9) changes into a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the ram air introduced from the ram air inlet (1-8), and the composite phase change material stores cold; the twelfth stop valve (4-12) is closed, the second phase change material (1-16) changes into a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and the composite phase change material stores cold; the fourteenth stop valve (4-14) is closed, the third phase change material (6-2) changes into a low-temperature solid state after heat exchange with the refrigerant, and the composite phase change material stores cold.

8. The method of the airborne multi-nozzle spray cooling system using a multi-cold source composite phase change material heat exchanger and an ejector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first row of nozzles (1-2) and the second row of nozzles (1-3) spray atomized cooling water to the surface to be cooled (1-5) individually or simultaneously according to feedback from the first temperature sensing device (7-1); the third row of nozzles (1-4) serves as a backup nozzle; when the first row of nozzles (1-2) and the second row of nozzles (1-3) fail, the third row of nozzles (1-4) sprays atomized cooling water to the surface to be cooled (1-5).

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