Airflow separator and multi-product material separation method

Abstract

The present invention provides an airflow separator and a multi-product material separation method, wherein the airflow separator comprises a separation bed (2), an air supply mechanism (3) and a vibration mechanism (4), wherein one end of the separation bed (2) is provided with a material inlet (24), the other end of the separation bed (2) is provided with a material discharge port (25), the bottom of the separation bed (2) is provided with a gangue discharge port (26), the vibration direction of the separation bed (2) is biased toward the material inlet (24), the vibration mechanism (4) can make the separation bed (2) vibrate along the vibration direction, and the air supply mechanism (3) can provide a preset waveform of wind to the separation bed (2). In the multi-product material separation method and the airflow separator, the vibration direction of the separation bed is biased toward the material inlet, which can not only make the clean coal and gangue in the raw coal material with low gangue content quickly separated up and down, but also make the gangue gather on the separation bed, so that the gangue content in the material discharged from the gangue discharge port is greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal preparation equipment, in particular to an airflow separator, and also to a multi-product material separation method. Background Art

[0002] The vibration direction A of the separation bed 2 of the existing air jigging separation machine is biased towards the feed inlet 24, that is, Figure 1 As shown, the angle α1 between the vibration direction A of the sorting bed 2 and the direction B of the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 toward the light material discharge port 25 is smaller than the angle α2 between the vibration direction A of the sorting bed and the direction C of the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 toward the feed port 24. During the vibration of the sorting bed 2 along the vibration direction, the clean coal and gangue in the raw coal material to be sorted will be layered up and down according to different densities, and both the clean coal and gangue will move toward the discharge port. For example, Chinese patent document CN 103406267 A, published on November 27, 2013, discloses a "Fine Coal Jigging Dry Separator and Its Complete Device".

[0003] However, the air jig separator is not suitable for processing raw coal materials with low gangue content, because even if the raw coal materials are completely stratified on the bed, the air jig separator cannot separate pure gangue. For example, when using the air jig separator to process raw coal materials with an upper limit of 30mm particle size, the gangue content of the raw coal is 5%, and the thickness of the bed is 200mm. Even if the gangue is completely separated from the material, the thickness of the gangue at the bottom layer is 10mm. In fact, the single layer thickness of the bottom material is at least 30mm. Even if the bottom material is completely separated, it will contain 2 / 3 of non-gangue materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to efficiently sort raw coal materials with low gangue content, the present invention provides an airflow separator and a multi-product material sorting method. The vibration direction of the sorting bed in the multi-product material sorting method and the airflow separator is biased towards the feed port, which can not only quickly separate the clean coal and gangue in the raw coal materials with low gangue content from top to bottom, but also make the gangue gather on the sorting bed, so that the gangue content in the material discharged from the gangue discharge port is greatly increased. Thereby, the raw coal products can be divided into two or three products that meet the indicators, which has huge economic benefits.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: an air flow sorting machine, including a sorting bed, an air supply mechanism, and a vibration mechanism. A feed port is provided above one end of the sorting bed, and a light material discharge port is provided at the other end of the sorting bed. A gangue discharge port is provided at the bottom of the sorting bed at one end close to the feed port. The sorting bed is arranged to be inclined downward along the feed direction. The upper layer of light-density material in the sorting bed can slide downward along the sorting bed under the action of gravity and be discharged from the light material discharge port. The vibration direction of the sorting bed is biased toward the feed port. The vibration mechanism can make the sorting bed vibrate along the vibration direction. The lower layer of heavy-density material in the sorting bed can move in the direction of the feed port in the reverse flow and gather toward the gangue discharge port under the coupling action of the vibration action of the vibration mechanism and the friction force of the bed layer, and be discharged by the discharge wheel in the gangue discharge port. The air supply mechanism can provide wind with a preset waveform to the sorting bed, and the preset waveform is a continuous wave line corresponding to the time and wind speed relationship curve of the wind.

[0006] The material distribution width of the feeding port is the same as the width of the sorting bed.

[0007] The vibration angle of the sorting bed is the angle between the vibration direction and the sorting bed, and the vibration angle is 5°-33°.

[0008] The angle between the bed surface of the sorting bed and the horizontal plane is 2.5°-18°, the amplitude of the sorting bed is 1mm-5mm, and the vibration frequency of the sorting bed is 550rpm-960rpm.

[0009] Along the direction from the feed inlet to the light material discharge outlet, the sorting bed contains multiple sorting sections and multiple waste discharge outlets, and each sorting section contains an air distribution plate.

[0010] The air distribution plate is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes, the aperture of the ventilation holes is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted, and the opening rate of the air distribution plate is 11%-36%; along the direction from the bed box inlet to the light material discharge port, the aperture of the ventilation holes in the air distribution plates of adjacent sorting sections is the same or gradually decreases, and the opening rate of the air distribution plates of adjacent sorting sections is the same or gradually increases.

[0011] In each sorting section, the gangue discharge port is arranged at one end of the feeding direction, and an overflow baffle is arranged at the other end of the sorting section, so that the upper light-density material can pass over the overflow baffle and enter the next adjacent sorting section.

[0012] A multi-product material sorting method, the multi-product material sorting method adopts the above-mentioned airflow sorting machine, and the multi-product material sorting method comprises the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: The raw coal material to be sorted enters the sorting bed at a uniform speed from the feed inlet; and the material width of the feed inlet is the same as the width of the sorting bed;

[0014] Step 2: The separation bed vibrates along the vibration direction under the action of the vibration mechanism, and the air supply mechanism supplies air to the separation bed. Under the action of vibration and wind, the raw coal material to be separated into upper light-density material and lower heavy-density material according to density;

[0015] Step 3: The heavy-density material in the lower layer moves upward against the flow under the action of vibration and is discharged through the gangue discharge port, and the light-density material in the upper layer slides downward under the action of its own gravity and is discharged from the light-material discharge port.

[0016] The angle between the bed surface of the sorting bed and the horizontal plane is 2.5°-18°, the vibration angle of the sorting bed is 5°-33°, the light material discharge port and the waste discharge port are arranged in opposite directions, the upper layer of light-density material moves upward and forward and is discharged from the light-density material discharge port, and the lower layer of heavy-density material moves downward and backward and is discharged from the waste discharge port.

[0017] Along the direction from the feed inlet to the light material discharge port, the sorting bed contains multiple sorting sections and multiple waste discharge ports; the upper layer of light density material in the previous sorting section passes over the overflow baffle and enters the next sorting section, and the lower layer of heavy density material in the previous sorting section moves toward the feed inlet, and is discharged from the waste discharge port after gathering to a certain thickness.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the vibration direction of the separation bed in the multi-product material separation method and the airflow separation machine is biased toward the feed port, which can not only quickly separate the clean coal and gangue in the raw coal material with low gangue content, but also make the gangue gather on the separation bed before discharging, so that the gangue content in the material discharged from the gangue discharge port is greatly increased. Thus, the raw coal product can be divided into two or three products that meet the indicators, which has huge economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an existing air jigging separator.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the airflow separator of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the airflow separator described in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the separation bed described in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the sorting bed described in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is the relationship curve between time and wind speed corresponding to the wind output by the rotary air valve.

[0026] 1. Dust hood; 2. Sorting bed; 3. Air supply mechanism; 4. Vibration mechanism; 5. Dust removal system; 6. Material distribution device;

[0027] 21. Overflow baffle; 22. Sorting section; 23. Air distribution plate; 24. Inlet; 25. Light material discharge port; 26. Gangue discharge port;

[0028] 31. Wind chamber; 32. Wind source; 33. Air supply duct; 34. Rotary air valve;

[0029] 71. Lower layer of gangue; 72. Upper layer of clean coal;

[0030] 212, second overflow baffle; 213, third overflow baffle;

[0031] 221, first sub-section; 222, second sub-section; 223, third sub-section;

[0032] 231, first air distribution plate; 232, second air distribution plate; 233, third air distribution plate;

[0033] 261, the first row of waste rock; 262, the second row of waste rock; 263, the third row of waste rock;

[0034] 311. First wind chamber; 312. Second wind chamber; 313. Third wind chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] An airflow separator, the airflow separator comprising a separator bed 2, an air supply mechanism 3, and a vibration mechanism 4. A feed port 24 is provided above one end of the separator bed 2, a light material discharge port 25 is provided at the other end of the separator bed 2, a gangue discharge port 26 is provided at the bottom of one end of the separator bed 2 close to the feed port 24, the separator bed 2 is tilted downward in the feeding direction, and the upper layer of light-density material in the separator bed 2 can slide downward along the separator bed 2 under the action of gravity and be discharged from the light material discharge port 25, the separator bed 2 is biased toward the feed inlet 24, and the vibration mechanism 4 can make the separation bed 2 vibrate along the vibration direction. Under the coupling effect of the vibration of the vibration mechanism 4 and the friction of the bed layer, the heavy-density material in the lower layer of the separation bed 2 can move in the direction of the feed inlet 24 in the countercurrent direction and gather toward the gangue discharge port 26, and be discharged by the discharge wheel in the gangue discharge port 26. The air supply mechanism 3 can provide the separation bed 2 with wind of a preset waveform, and the preset waveform is a continuous wave line corresponding to the wind and the wind speed relationship curve, such as Figures 2 to 5 shown.

[0037] The main difference between the present invention and the prior art is that the vibration direction of the sorting bed 2 is biased toward the feed port 24, that is, the angle α2 between the vibration direction A of the sorting bed 2 and the direction C of the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 toward the feed port 24 is smaller than the angle α1 between the vibration direction A of the sorting bed 2 and the direction B of the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 toward the light material discharge port 25. The vibration direction is set in this way, so that the material to be sorted is subjected to upward and backward forces (toward the feeding direction) during the process of sliding downward under the action of gravity. During the vibration process of the sorting bed 2 along the vibration direction A, the clean coal and gangue in the raw coal material to be sorted are subjected to upward and backward forces under the action of vibration and wind. The clean coal in the lower material has a small density and moves upward and backward, while the gangue in the lower material has a large density. The gravity is greater than the buoyancy and vibration force of the wind, and the friction of the bed is relatively large, so the gangue moves backward. In the upper material, the clean coal moves upward and backward, and the gangue moves downward and backward, so that the materials in the sorting bed are divided into upper and lower rows according to their density. The light density layer (clean coal) and heavy density layer (gangue) of the sorting bed are separated. During this process, the light density layer will move downward in a tilted direction B along the bed surface toward the light material discharge port 25, while the heavy density layer will move upward in a tilted direction C along the bed surface toward the feed port 24. During the process of the heavy density layer moving upward in a tilted direction, the heavy density layer is simultaneously affected by vibration and gravity, and the friction of the sorting bed surface is relatively large. The gangue cannot overcome the friction and gravity to move downward, but moves toward the feed end, and can gradually tilt upward and gather. Finally, the heavy density layer is enriched and discharged at the gangue discharge port 26, thereby greatly increasing the gangue content in the material discharged from the gangue discharge port. Therefore, the airflow separator of the present invention is particularly suitable for sorting raw coal materials with low gangue content (and small gangue particle size).

[0038] In this embodiment, the material distribution width of the feed port 24 is the same as the width of the sorting bed 2. The wind dry sorting equipment in the prior art all adopts non-equal width feeding, that is, the feeding width is smaller than the width of the sorting bed. Such a setting is beneficial to the equipment layout, and whether it is a composite dry sorting machine or a differential wind dry sorting machine, equal width feeding is not beneficial to the sorting effect. In this application, the material to be sorted enters the sorting bed from the distribution port. If the width of the distribution port is smaller than the width of the sorting bed, the material will be triangular after entering the sorting bed, that is, it is narrow when feeding, and gradually distributes to the width of the sorting bed during the forward movement. In the process of the material moving forward, the lateral movement speed of the lower layer of gangue is slower, and the upper layer of clean coal will directly enter under the action of wind. The waste rock enters the lower layer with gaps on both sides, resulting in the middle gangue being relatively pure during the cross-section discharge process, while the gangue on both sides has a high coal content, which makes it impossible to discharge pure gangue; if the sorting accuracy is to be guaranteed, it is necessary to increase the pre-selection area and lengthen the length of the sorting bed so that the materials gradually tend to be of equal width and stable during the movement before sorting; the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 is in an inclined state, the feed inlet 24 of the sorting bed 2 is higher than the light material discharge port 25 of the sorting bed 2, the light material discharge port 25 is arranged to correspond to the feed inlet 24 on the left and right, the angle α2 between the vibration direction A of the sorting bed 2 and the direction C of the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 toward the feed inlet 24 is less than 90° and greater than 0°, and the vibration angle of the sorting bed 2 is 5°-33°.

[0039] In this embodiment, the angle between the bed surface of the sorting bed 2 and the horizontal plane is 2.5°-18°, the amplitude of the sorting bed 2 is 1mm-5mm, and the vibration frequency of the sorting bed 2 is 550rpm-960rpm. The movement speed of the heavy density layer and the height of the upstream material layer are controlled by the bed surface friction, the excitation direction angle, the bed surface angle, the amplitude and the frequency. The bed surface friction is increased by covering the bed surface with rubber, wherein the larger the amplitude, the higher the frequency, the smaller the angle between the bed surface and the horizontal plane, and the stronger the reverse conveying capacity of the gangue at the bottom of the bed surface. Conversely, the conveying capacity of the upper material (light density layer) is stronger.

[0040] In this embodiment, along the direction from the feed port 24 to the light material discharge port 25, the sorting bed 2 includes a plurality of sorting sections 22 and a plurality of waste discharge ports 26, the sorting sections 22 correspond to the waste discharge ports 26 one by one, and each sorting section 22 includes an air distribution plate 23. In each sorting section 22, the air distribution plate 23 is adjacent to the waste discharge port 26 on the left and right, and the distance from the air distribution plate 23 to the light material discharge port 25 is smaller than the distance from the waste discharge port 26 to the light material discharge port 25.

[0041] In this embodiment, a plurality of ventilation holes are provided in the air distribution plate 23, the aperture of the ventilation holes is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted, and the opening rate of the air distribution plate 23 is 11%-36%; along the bed box inlet 24 toward the bed box light material discharge port 25, the aperture of the ventilation holes in the air distribution plates 23 of adjacent sorting sections is the same or gradually decreases, and the opening rate of adjacent air distribution plates 23 is the same or gradually increases. Different sorting beds use different apertures and opening rates, and use them at the inlet end. Large aperture and small porosity can make large pieces of gangue settle quickly, and larger aperture can adapt to the sorting of large pieces of material. In the next-level sorting area, the material particle size gradually decreases and the corresponding opening rate gradually increases, making the bed of low-density clean coal in the clean coal section more stable and the corresponding clean coal product purer. The aperture and opening rate design of this equipment enables a wider range of feed particle sizes, and gradient sorting can be achieved in the equipment of this application, which is unattainable by the same aperture and opening rate of the air distribution plate.

[0042] Specifically, along the direction from the feed port 24 to the light material discharge port 25, the sorting bed 2 may contain three sorting sections 22, three air distribution plates 23 and three waste rock discharge ports 26. The three sorting sections 22 are respectively the first sorting section 221, the second sorting section 222 and the third sorting section 223. The three air distribution plates 23 are respectively the first air distribution plate 231, the second air distribution plate 232 and the third air distribution plate 233. The three waste rock discharge ports 26 are respectively the first waste rock discharge port 261, the second waste rock discharge port 262 and the third waste rock discharge port 263.

[0043] In this embodiment, the width of the gangue discharge port 26 (i.e. Figure 2 The dimensions in the left and right directions of the middle row of the waste openings 261 and 262 can be the same or gradually decrease. For example, the widths of the first row of waste openings 261, the second row of waste openings 262, and the third row of waste openings 263 are the same, or the width of the first row of waste openings 261 is greater than the width of the second row of waste openings 262, and the width of the second row of waste openings 262 is greater than the width of the third row of waste openings 263.

[0044] In this embodiment, an overflow baffle 21 is provided in the sorting section 22, and the height of the overflow baffle 21 is the same or gradually decreases along the direction from the feed port 24 to the light material discharge port 25. For example, the second sorting section 222 contains a second overflow baffle 212, and the second gangue discharge port 262 is located between the second air distribution plate 232 and the second overflow baffle 212. The third sorting section 223 contains a third overflow baffle 213, and the third overflow baffle 213 is located between the third air distribution plate 233 and the third overflow baffle 213. The height of the second overflow baffle 212 and the third overflow baffle 213 is the same, or the height of the second overflow baffle 212 is greater than the height of the third overflow baffle 213. The function of the overflow baffle 21 is to gather the heavy density layer at the gangue discharge port 26.

[0045] In this embodiment, the air supply mechanism 3 includes an air source 32, an air supply duct 33, a rotary air valve 34 and an air chamber 31 connected in sequence, and the air chamber 31 corresponds to the sorting section 22 one by one. For example, along the direction from the feed port 24 to the light material discharge port 25, the air chamber 31 means the first air chamber 311, the second air chamber 312 and the third air chamber 313 arranged in sequence, and the rotary air valve 34 is connected to the air chamber 31 in a one-to-one correspondence. Each rotary air valve 34 is independently controlled, and the rotary air valve 34 can output wind of a preset waveform (i.e., the pulsating wind described below). The preset waveform is a continuous wave line corresponding to the time and wind speed relationship curve of the wind, and the wave line is preferably a sine curve or a cosine curve.

[0046] In this embodiment, the air flow sorting machine also has a dust hood 1, a dust removal system 5 and a distribution device 6. The dust hood 1 and the dust removal system 5 are both located above the sorting bed 2, and the air supply mechanism 3 is located below the sorting bed 2. The distribution device 6 is used to transport the raw coal material to be sorted into the sorting bed 2 at a preset speed, and the outlet of the distribution device 6 is correspondingly connected to the feed port 24.

[0047] The following is a method for sorting multiple product materials, wherein the method adopts the above-mentioned airflow separator, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: The raw coal material to be sorted enters the sorting bed 2 from the feed inlet 24, and the material distribution width of the feed inlet 24 is the same as the width of the sorting bed 2;

[0049] Step 2, the sorting bed 2 vibrates along the vibration direction under the action of the vibration mechanism 4, and the air supply mechanism 3 supplies air to the sorting bed 2. The raw coal material to be sorted is divided into upper light-density material (upper clean coal 72) and lower heavy-density material (lower gangue 71) arranged up and down according to density, that is, high-density gangue can quickly sink to the bottom layer (lower gangue 71), and low-density clean coal floats to the top layer (upper clean coal 72). At the same time, the heavy-density layer goes upstream along the bed surface under the driving force of the vibration force, and the light-density layer goes downstream along the bed surface under the action of fluidization and the bed surface inclination angle;

[0050] Step 3: The heavy-density material in the lower layer moves upward against the flow under the action of vibration and is discharged through the gangue discharge port 26 , and the light-density material in the upper layer slides downward under the action of its own gravity and is discharged from the light-material discharge port 25 .

[0051] Since the sorting bed 2 may contain multiple sorting sections 22, each rotary air valve 34 is independently controlled. In step 2, the air supply mechanism 3 can independently supply different pulsating air to each sorting section 22. The pulsating air is a continuous wave line corresponding to the relationship curve between time and wind speed, such as Figure 6As shown. The bed thickness near the feed inlet is large, and the corresponding wind speed is large and the frequency is low, so that the fluidized separation density of the bed is high, the high-density gangue can quickly sink to the bottom layer, and the low-density clean coal floats to the top layer. The material in the lower layer flows upstream under the driving force of the vibration force, that is, along the feed inlet 24 toward the light material discharge port 25. The wind speed of the pulsating wind gradually decreases, and the frequency of the pulsating wind gradually increases. The thickness of the raw coal material in multiple sorting sections 22 gradually decreases.

[0052] For example, in the first separation section 221, the thickness of the raw coal material is about 200mm-350mm, the wind speed of the pulsating wind is 2.6m / s-3.5m / s, the frequency of the pulsating wind is 30rpm-55rpm, and the high density (greater than 2.5g / cm 3 ) is discharged from the first row of gangue outlet 261.

[0053] In the second separation section 222, the thickness of the raw coal material is about H1╳(100%-G1), the wind speed of the pulsating wind is 2.6-3.5m / s╳(100%-G1), the frequency of the pulsating wind is 55rpm-78rpm, the medium density (2.0g / cm 3 -2.5g / cm 3 ) is discharged from the second gangue discharge port 262. Wherein, H1 is the thickness of the raw coal material in the first selection section 221, in mm; G1 is the gangue discharge rate in the first selection section 221, without unit.

[0054] In the third separation section 223, the thickness of the raw coal material is about H2╳(100%-G2), the wind speed of the pulsating wind is 2.6m / s-3.5m / s╳(100%-G1)╳(100%-G2), the frequency of the pulsating wind is 79rpm-135rpm, and the low density (1.6g / cm 3 -2.0g / cm 3 ) is discharged at the third gangue discharge port 263. Wherein, H2 is the thickness of the raw coal material in the second selection section 222, in mm; G2 is the gangue discharge rate in the second selection section 222, without unit.

[0055] Along the direction from the feed port 24 to the light material discharge port 25, the thickness of the raw coal material in the first selection section 221, the second selection section 222 and the third selection section 223 gradually decreases, which can be called gradient fluidization.

[0056] The working process of the airflow separator is introduced below.

[0057] The coal material to be sorted enters the sorting bed 2 from the feed port 24, and the wind source 32 provides air with a certain pressure. The wind speed curve and the fluctuation range of the wind speed are controlled by the rotary air valve 34. After being evenly distributed by the air distribution plate 23, the air evenly passes through the material layer and then enters the dust removal system 5.

[0058] The vibration mechanism 4 makes the sorting bed 2 vibrate along the vibration direction. During this process, the clean coal with relatively small density moves upward to form a light density layer, and the gangue with relatively large density moves downward to form a heavy density layer. At the same time, the light density layer will move downward in a slanting direction B along the bed surface toward the light material discharge port 25, while the heavy density layer will move upward in a slanting direction C along the bed surface toward the feed port 24. The heavy density layer is discharged through the gangue discharge port 26 after aggregation, and the light density layer is discharged from the light material discharge port 25.

[0059] Specifically, after the material is initially sorted in the first sorting section 221, the gangue enriched by the bottom sorting is discharged from the first gangue row port 261, and the remaining material overflows into the second sorting section 222 for further sorting. After sorting, the gangue enriched by the bottom is discharged from the second gangue row port 262, and the remaining material overflows into the third sorting section 223 for further sorting. After sorting, the gangue enriched by the bottom is discharged from the third gangue row port 263, and finally the product that meets the index is discharged from the light material discharge port 25.

[0060] In order to facilitate understanding and description, the present invention adopts absolute position relationship for expression, wherein the directional word "up" means Figure 2 The upward direction in the Figure 2 The lower direction in the “left” indicates Figure 2 The left direction in the Figure 2 The present invention is described from the perspective of a user or reader, but the above directional words cannot be understood or interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, the replacement of equivalent components, or equivalent changes and modifications made according to the protection scope of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of this patent. In addition, the technical features of the present invention can be freely combined with each other, with technical features and technical solutions, and with technical solutions.

Claims

1. An airflow separator, comprising a separator bed (2), an air supply mechanism (3), and a vibration mechanism (4), wherein a material inlet (24) is provided above one end of the separator bed (2), and a light material discharge port (25) is provided at the other end of the separator bed (2), characterized in that: A waste discharge port (26) is provided at the bottom of one end of the separation bed (2) close to the feed port (24). The separation bed (2) is tilted downward in the feed direction. The upper layer of light-density material in the separation bed (2) can slide downward along the separation bed (2) under the action of gravity and be discharged from the light-density material discharge port (25). The vibration direction of the separation bed (2) is biased toward the feed port (24). The vibration mechanism (4) can make the separation bed (2) vibrate along the vibration direction. The lower layer of heavy-density material in the separation bed (2) can move in the reverse direction of the feed port (24) and gather at the waste discharge port (26) under the coupling action of the vibration action of the vibration mechanism (4) and the friction force of the bed layer, and be discharged under the control of the discharge wheel in the waste discharge port (26). The air supply mechanism (3) can provide wind of a preset waveform to the separation bed (2), and the preset waveform is a continuous wave line corresponding to the time and wind speed relationship curve of the wind. Along the direction from the material inlet (24) to the light material discharge port (25), the separation bed (2) comprises a plurality of separation sections (22) and a plurality of waste discharge ports (26), and each separation section (22) comprises an air distribution plate (23); In each separation section (22), a gangue discharge port (26) is arranged at one end of the feeding direction, and an overflow baffle (21) is arranged at the other end of the separation section (22), so that the upper layer of light-density material can pass over the overflow baffle (21) and enter the next adjacent separation section (22); The distance from the air distribution plate (23) to the light material discharge port (25) is smaller than the distance from the gangue discharge port (26) to the light material discharge port (25); Along the direction from the bed box inlet (24) to the light material discharge port (25), the opening rate of the air distribution plates (23) of adjacent sorting sections (22) gradually increases.

2. The airflow separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material distribution width of the feed inlet (24) is the same as the width of the sorting bed (2).

3. The airflow separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration angle of the sorting bed (2) is the angle between the vibration direction and the sorting bed, and the vibration angle is 5°-33°.

4. The airflow separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the bed surface of the sorting bed (2) and the horizontal plane is 2.5°-18°, the amplitude of the sorting bed (2) is 1mm-5mm, and the vibration frequency of the sorting bed (2) is 550rpm-960rpm.

5. The airflow separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air distribution plate (23) is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes, the aperture of the ventilation holes is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than the lower limit of the particle size of the material to be sorted, and the opening rate of the air distribution plate (23) is 11%-36%; along the direction from the bed box inlet (24) to the light material discharge port (25), the apertures of the ventilation holes in the air distribution plates (23) of adjacent sorting sections (22) are the same or gradually decrease.

6. A method for sorting multiple product materials, characterized in that: The multi-product material sorting method adopts the airflow sorting machine according to claim 1, and the multi-product material sorting method comprises the following steps: Step 1: The raw coal material to be sorted enters the sorting bed (2) at a uniform speed from the feed inlet (24); and the material distribution width of the feed inlet (24) is the same as the width of the sorting bed (2); Step 2: the separation bed (2) vibrates along the vibration direction under the action of the vibration mechanism (4), and the air supply mechanism (3) supplies air to the separation bed (2). Under the action of the vibration and the air, the raw coal material to be separated into an upper layer of light-density material and a lower layer of heavy-density material according to density; Step 3: The heavy-density material in the lower layer moves upward against the flow under the action of vibration and is discharged through the gangue discharge port (26), and the light-density material in the upper layer slides downward under the action of its own gravity and is discharged from the light-material discharge port (25).

7. The multi-product material sorting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The included angle between the bed surface of the sorting bed (2) and the horizontal plane is 2.5°-18°, the vibration angle of the sorting bed (2) is 5°-33°, the light material discharge port (25) is arranged in the opposite direction to the feed port (24), the upper layer of light material moves upward and forward and is discharged from the light material discharge port (25), and the lower layer of heavy material moves downward and backward and is discharged from the gangue discharge port (26).

8. The multi-product material sorting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Along the direction from the material inlet (24) to the light material discharge port (25), the separation bed (2) comprises a plurality of separation sections (22) and a plurality of waste discharge ports (26); The upper layer of light-density material in the previous sorting section (22) passes over the overflow baffle (21) and enters the next sorting section (22), and the lower layer of heavy-density material in the previous sorting section (22) moves toward the feed inlet (24), and is discharged from the gangue discharge port (26) after gathering to a certain thickness.

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