A floating brake for monitoring positive brake pressure and a monitoring method thereof

Abstract

A floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure and a monitoring method thereof, wherein the left and right brake shoes are installed in the brake seats on both sides of the brake disc, the outer cylinder of the brake seat floats in the bracket hole, the disc spring group and the oil cylinder on the left can realize the braking of the left and right brake shoes, the structure is simple and the cost is low, the oil pressure and the brake disc deflection force are used to open the gate, and the disc spring force is used to brake, and the fault of the left or right brake group can be accurately diagnosed, and the monitored terminal brake positive pressure is used as the basis for diagnosing the fault and giving the control command: before driving, if it is equal to zero, driving is allowed, if it is not equal to zero, the brake opening fault is diagnosed, and the current driving is locked; during operation, if it is not equal to zero, the brake application fault is diagnosed, and the safety brake is enabled; during braking, if it is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, the next driving is allowed, and if it is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, the brake positive pressure is insufficient The fault is diagnosed and the next driving is locked. The braking performance and safety reliability of the caliper disc brake are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure and a monitoring method thereof, and is particularly suitable for monitoring the positive braking pressure of a caliper disc brake of a mine hoist and a belt conveyor for a coal mine. Background Art

[0002] The floating disc brake of the kilometer-deep well hoist authorized by patent number ZL201620193301.5, although the patent states that it can dynamically monitor the positive pressure between the brake shoe and the brake disc in real time, what is actually monitored is the disc spring force, not the positive pressure between the brake shoe and the brake disc: the disc spring seat sensor is set at the right end of the disc spring assembly, and the disc spring force generated by the deformation of the disc spring assembly is monitored from the right end. The pressure sensor is pressed on the left end of the disc spring assembly through the T-shaped piston. The T-shaped piston moves to the left under the action of the disc spring force and presses on the pressure sensor, and the disc spring force generated by the deformation of the disc spring assembly is monitored from the left end. The disc spring force must overcome the friction forces of the disc spring hole and the T-shaped piston shaft, the brake cylinder body and the brake piston, the sliding pin shaft and the bracket before it can be applied to the brake disc. The positive pressure between the brake shoe and the brake disc is applied to the brake disc. Obviously, the disc spring force is not equal to the positive pressure, and it is greater than the positive pressure. Mistakenly using the monitored disc spring force as the brake positive pressure does not achieve the purpose of improving brake reliability by monitoring the brake positive pressure, and there are hidden dangers. During braking, although the monitored disc spring force is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, due to the fatigue fracture of the disc spring, the rust of the moving pair, etc., the friction force in many places increases to non-zero, but the actual brake positive pressure is less than the allowable value, and there is a hidden danger of insufficient brake positive pressure; if the friction force in many places increases to be greater than the disc spring force, the brake shoe is stuck and does not press on the gate disc, there is a major hidden danger that the actual brake positive pressure is zero, which may cause a major accident. This shows that monitoring the disc spring force instead of the brake positive pressure pressed by the brake shoe on the gate disc cannot monitor all brake failures, and major accidents caused by brake failure still occur. The monitored disc spring force is invalid, and the monitored brake positive pressure pressed by the brake shoe on the gate disc is effective. For this reason, a floating brake that monitors the brake positive pressure pressed by the brake shoe on the gate disc is invented. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a floating brake that can monitor the positive braking pressure of the brake shoe pressed onto the brake disc.

[0004] Technical solution: A floating brake for monitoring the positive pressure of brakes of the present invention comprises: a brake disc, a left brake shoe, a left lining plate, a cylinder, a bracket, a brake seat, a disc spring group, an oil cylinder, a piston, an adjusting screw, a rear cover, a screw 1, a right brake shoe and a right lining plate. The outer contour of the brake seat is a cylindrical integral structure. The outer contour cylinder is sleeved on the bracket and movably matched with the hole of the bracket. A key 3 is provided at the matching position. A groove suitable for accommodating the brake disc, the brake shoe and the lining plate is opened in the middle of the outer contour cylinder of the brake seat. The left brake shoe and the left lining plate are connected to the right brake shoe and the right lining plate through It is connected by a dovetail groove, with a stepped hole on the left side of the groove and a through hole on the right side with the same axis as the left step. The stepped hole on the left side of the groove is movably matched with the outer edge surface of the cylinder, and a key two is provided at the matching position. The large-diameter stepped hole on the left side of the groove is matched with the hydraulic cylinder assembly; a blind hole with an inner shaft or a blind hole without an inner shaft for installing a disc spring group is provided on the left side of the cylinder; the through hole on the right side of the groove is movably matched with the column tube of the right lining plate, and a key four is provided at the matching position; the column tube connected to the right side of the right lining plate is provided with a first brake positive pressure sensor located between the through hole end on the right side of the groove and the right lining plate.

[0005] The first brake positive pressure sensor is a stepped disc, and the center hole of the stepped disc is dynamically matched with the cylinder of the right lining plate. The end surface of the disc is symmetrically provided with a left annular groove and a right annular groove. The first strain gauge connected to the first signal line is placed in the left annular groove or the right annular groove. The outer end surface of the disc on the left annular groove side is slightly higher than the inner end surface and rests on the right lining plate. The inner end surface of the disc on the right annular groove is slightly higher than the outer end surface and rests on the right through hole end of the annular groove of the brake seat.

[0006] The number of the first strain gauges is 4 to 8, which are evenly distributed on the circular ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove.

[0007] The outer edge of the bottom of the cylinder is connected to a second brake positive pressure sensor with an outer cylindrical surface slightly higher than the bottom end surface of the cylinder. The second brake positive pressure sensor ring is symmetrically provided with grooves for placing the second strain gauge. The second strain gauge is connected to the second signal line, and the cylindrical surface is statically matched with the left end hole of the left lining plate.

[0008] The second strain gauges are 4 to 8 pieces, which are evenly distributed on the ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove.

[0009] A key 1 is provided at the static fit between the cylindrical surface of the second brake positive pressure sensor and the left end hole of the left lining plate, and a plurality of screws 2 are provided at the connection between the outer ring of the second brake positive pressure sensor and the left lining plate.

[0010] The bottom of the cylinder is connected with the left lining plate as a whole.

[0011] A monitoring method of a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure of the present invention:

[0012] During braking, the outer end face of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor bears the right brake positive pressure F3 exerted by the brake disc through the right brake shoe and the right lining plate, and the inner end face of the right annular groove bears the resultant force F4 of the disc spring force and the friction forces of multiple locations of the right brake group, F3=-F4, the bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are determined according to the size of F3, and the bottom rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F3 and F4, which is the strain area, and F3 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line to monitor the size of the brake positive pressure F3 in real time; the second The outer end face of the right annular groove of the brake positive pressure sensor bears the left brake positive pressure F1 of the brake disc through the left brake shoe and the left lining plate, and the inner end face of the left annular groove bears the resultant force F2 of the disc spring force, the multiple friction forces of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure, F1 = -F2, the bottom thickness and width of the left and right annular grooves are determined according to the size of F1, and the bottom rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformation under the action of F1 and F2, which is the strain area, and F1 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the second signal line to monitor the size of the brake positive pressure F1 in real time;

[0013] The friction forces at multiple locations of the right brake group include the friction between the hole of the disc spring group and the inner shaft of the cylinder or the shaft of the disc spring group and the inner hole of the cylinder, the left hole of the brake seat and the outer edge surface of the cylinder and key 2, the oil cylinder and seal ring 1 in the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the small shaft of the piston, the rear cover and seal ring 2 and the large shaft of the piston, the outer cylinder of the brake seat and key 3 and the hole of the bracket, the right hole of the brake seat and the shaft of the right lining plate and key 4, and the hole of the first brake positive pressure sensor and the shaft of the right lining plate;

[0014] Braking process: After the oil pressure drops from the open state to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force after the disc spring group is extended to the right is used as a driving force to overcome the combined force of multiple frictions of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston, pushing the left brake shoe to move right and press the brake disc. The left brake shoe pressing the brake disc with the left brake positive pressure F1 is equal to the combined force of the disc spring force, the multiple frictions of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. Then the disc spring force of the disc spring group extended to the left is used as a driving force to overcome the multiple frictions of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe to move left and press the brake disc to achieve closing braking. The right brake positive pressure F3 of the right brake shoe pressing the brake disc is equal to the combined force of the disc spring force and the multiple frictions of the right brake group.

[0015] The friction forces at multiple locations of the left brake group include the friction between the hole of the disc spring group and the inner shaft of the cylinder or the shaft of the disc spring group and the hole of the cylinder, the left hole of the brake seat and the outer edge shaft of the cylinder and key 2, the oil cylinder and seal ring 1 in the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the small shaft of the piston, the rear cover and seal ring 2 and the large shaft of the piston, the residual oil pressure is equal to the oil pressure unloaded to the residual oil pressure during braking, and the residual oil pressure value is less than 0.5MPa;

[0016] The left brake assembly comprises a left brake shoe, a left lining plate, a cylinder, a second brake positive pressure sensor, a disc spring assembly, an oil cylinder, a piston, a rear cover and a screw;

[0017] The right brake assembly includes a brake shoe, a right lining plate, a first brake positive pressure sensor and a brake seat;

[0018] The monitoring process before the brake is closed and then opened: if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it indicates that there is no fault, and the next start is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, an alarm is triggered and the next start is blocked, and the fault is continuously diagnosed based on the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1 is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc by the right brake group; if the monitored left brake positive pressure F1 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc by the left brake group, and the car can be started only after the fault of insufficient brake positive pressure is eliminated;

[0019] Opening process: After the oil pressure in the closed brake state rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston is used as the driving force to overcome the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring group and the combined force of multiple frictions of the left brake group to continue to compress the disc spring group, so that the left brake shoe moves leftward away from the gate disc to reach a total gate gap Δ of less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw, and the gate disc rotates and produces left and right deflection. The gate disc swings to the right and pushes the gate group to move rightward on the bracket. The gate group is a component in which the right brake group and the left brake group are connected together by adjusting screws. The leftward deflection of the gate disc pushes the gate group to move leftward on the bracket. The left and right movement of the gate group on the bracket is floating. The floating increases the gate gap between the right brake shoe and the gate disc to Δ2, and reduces the gate gap between the left brake shoe and the gate disc to Δ1. No matter how Δ1 and Δ2 change, Δ1+Δ2=Δ is maintained, where: Δ1 is the gate gap between the left brake shoe and the gate disc, and Δ2 is the gate gap between the right brake shoe and the gate disc;

[0020] Monitoring process before driving: If the monitored right brake positive pressure F3=0, it indicates that there is no fault, and the vehicle is allowed to drive; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, the vehicle is not allowed to drive, and the fault diagnosis continues according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as the right brake group not opening fault; if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as the left brake group not opening fault, and the vehicle can only drive after eliminating the fault;

[0021] During the gate opening status monitoring process, the gate disc rotates and the hoist starts. If the right brake positive pressure F3≠0 is monitored, an alarm is triggered and the safety brake is activated. The fault is diagnosed based on the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as a right gate group brake failure. If the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as a left gate group brake failure. The drive can be started only after the fault is eliminated.

[0022] The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

[0023] Another method for monitoring a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure of the present invention:

[0024] During braking, the outer end face of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor bears the right brake positive pressure F3 exerted by the brake disc through the right brake shoe and the right lining plate, and the inner end face of the right annular groove bears the resultant force F4 of the disc spring force and the friction forces of multiple locations of the right brake group, F3=-F4, the bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are determined according to the size of F3, and the bottom rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F3 and F4, which is the strain area, and F3 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line, and the brake positive pressure F3 is monitored in real time;

[0025] Braking process: After the oil pressure drops from the open state to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group extending to the right acts as a driving force to overcome the combined force of multiple frictions of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston, pushing the left brake shoe to the right and pressing the brake disc. Then the disc spring force of the disc spring group extending to the left acts as a driving force to overcome the multiple frictions of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe to the left and press the brake disc to achieve closing braking. The right brake positive pressure F3 of the right brake shoe pressing the brake disc is equal to the combined force of the disc spring force and the multiple frictions of the right brake group;

[0026] The left brake assembly comprises a left brake shoe, a left lining plate, a cylinder, a disc spring assembly, an oil cylinder, a piston, a rear cover and screw 1;

[0027] The right brake assembly includes a brake shoe, a right lining plate, a first brake positive pressure sensor and a brake seat;

[0028] The monitoring process before the brake is opened after the brake is finished: if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it indicates that there is no fault, and the next start is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed that the brake group applies insufficient brake positive pressure to the brake disc, and an alarm is issued and the next start is locked. The car can only be started after the insufficient brake positive pressure fault is eliminated. The brake group is a component connected together by the right brake group and the left brake group through an adjusting screw;

[0029] Gate opening process: After the oil pressure rises from the closed brake state to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston acts as a driving force to overcome the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring group and the combined force of multiple frictions of the left brake group to continue to compress the disc spring group, so that the left brake shoe moves leftward away from the gate disc to reach a total gate gap Δ of less than 2mm set by the adjusting screw. The gate disc rotates and produces left and right deflection. The gate disc swings to the right to push the gate group to move right on the bracket, and the gate disc swings to the left to push the gate group to move left on the bracket. The left and right movement of the gate group on the bracket is floating. As a result of floating, the gate gap between the right brake shoe and the gate disc increases to Δ2, and the gate gap between the left brake shoe and the gate disc decreases to Δ1. No matter how Δ1 and Δ2 change, Δ1+Δ2=Δ is maintained;

[0030] Monitoring process before driving: If the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 = 0, indicating no fault, driving is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 ≠ 0, the diagnosis brake group does not open the gate fault, then driving is not allowed, and driving can only be carried out after the fault is eliminated;

[0031] The process of monitoring the gate opening status: the gate disc rotates and the hoist starts. If the right brake positive pressure F3≠0 is monitored, the gate group is diagnosed to have a gate failure, then an alarm is triggered and the safety brake is activated;

[0032] The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

[0033] Beneficial effect: The existing brake monitors the disc spring force, not the positive braking pressure of the brake shoe pressing on the gate disc. During braking, the disc spring force must overcome multiple friction forces before it can be applied to the gate disc. The force applied to the gate disc is the positive braking pressure. Obviously, the disc spring force is not equal to the positive braking pressure, and is greater than the positive braking pressure. Mistakenly taking the monitored disc spring force as the positive braking pressure will still cause the brake monitoring the disc spring force to fail. The present invention solves the problem that the brake monitoring the disc spring force in the prior art cannot monitor the positive braking pressure of the brake shoe pressing on the gate disc. According to Article 426 of the Coal Safety Regulations, the ratio K value of the braking torque generated by the brake device to the actual maximum load rotation torque shall not be less than 3, and the braking torque is equal to 3 times the actual maximum load rotation torque. The braking torque divided by the friction coefficient and the braking radius is the allowable value of the positive braking pressure. The floating brake used to monitor the braking positive pressure can meet the allowable value of the positive pressure in the regulations. The left and right brake shoes are installed in the brake seats on both sides of the gate disc. Because the outer cylindrical contour of the brake seat floats in the bracket hole, only the disc spring group and the oil cylinder are provided on the left side to realize the braking of the left and right brake shoes. The structure is simple and the cost is low. The oil pressure and the gate disc swing force are used to open the gate, and the disc spring force is used to brake. For brakes with different structures, one is to monitor the left and right braking positive pressures applied to the gate disc by the left and right brake shoes, among which the right braking positive pressure is the terminal braking positive pressure, which can accurately diagnose whether the fault occurs in the left or right gate group. The other is to only monitor the right braking positive pressure applied to the gate disc by the right brake shoe, that is, the terminal braking positive pressure. The monitored terminal brake positive pressure is used as the basis for diagnosing faults and giving control instructions: before driving, if it is equal to zero, driving is allowed; if it is not equal to zero, a brake failure is diagnosed and the current driving is locked; during operation, if it is not equal to zero, a brake application failure is diagnosed and safety braking is enabled; during braking, if it is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, the next driving is allowed; if it is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, an insufficient brake positive pressure failure is diagnosed and the next driving is locked, thereby greatly improving the braking performance and safety reliability of the caliper brake and having wide practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the closing braking state of a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the floating brake in the open and start-up state for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the closing braking state of a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the floating brake in the open and start-up state for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the closing braking state of a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the floating brake in the open and start-up state for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the closing braking state of a floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the floating brake in the open and start-up state for monitoring the positive braking pressure according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure: 1—brake disc; 2—left brake shoe; 3—left lining plate; 4—key one; 5—cylinder; 6—key two; 7—key three; 8—bracket; 9—brake seat; 10—disc spring assembly; 11—oil cylinder; 12—sealing ring one; 13—piston; 14—sealing ring two; 15—adjusting screw; 16—rear cover; 17—screw one; 18—second brake positive pressure sensor; 18-1—second strain gauge; 18-2—second signal line; 19—screw two; 20—right brake shoe; 21—right lining plate; 22—first brake positive pressure sensor; 22-1—first strain gauge; 22-2—first signal line; 23—key four. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure of the present invention is mainly composed of a brake disc 1, a left brake shoe 2, a left lining plate 3, a cylinder 5, a bracket 8, a brake seat 9, a disc spring group 10, an oil cylinder 11, a piston 13, an adjusting screw 15, a rear cover 16, a screw 17, a second brake positive pressure sensor 18, a right brake shoe 20, a right lining plate 21 and a first brake positive pressure sensor 22. The outer contour of the brake seat 9 is a cylindrical integral structure. The outer contour cylinder is sleeved on the bracket 8 and movably matched with the hole of the bracket 8. A key 3 7 is provided at the matching position. A groove suitable for accommodating the brake disc, brake shoe and lining plate is opened in the middle of the outer contour cylinder of the brake seat 9. The left brake shoe 2 and the left lining plate 3 are connected with the right brake shoe 20 and the right lining plate 21 through a dovetail groove. A stepped hole is opened on the left side of the groove, and a through hole with the same axis as the left step is opened on the right side. The step on the left side of the groove The hole is dynamically matched with the outer edge of the cylinder 5, and a key 2 6 is provided at the matching position. The large-diameter stepped hole on the left side of the groove is matched with the hydraulic cylinder assembly; a blind hole with an inner shaft is opened on the left side of the cylinder 5, and a disc spring group 10 is provided in the cylinder 5; the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes an oil cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17 arranged in sequence, an adjusting screw 15 is sleeved on the outside of the oil cylinder 11, a sealing ring 12 is provided between the oil cylinder 11 and the piston 13, and the screw 17 passes through the piston 13 and is threadedly connected to the inner shaft of the cylinder 5. A second brake positive pressure sensor 18 with an outer cylindrical surface slightly higher than the bottom end surface of the cylinder 5 is connected to the outer edge of the bottom of the cylinder 5. The second brake positive pressure sensor 18 has a groove symmetrically arranged on the ring for placing the second strain gauge 18-1. The second strain gauge 18-1 is connected to the second signal line 18-2, and the cylindrical surface is statically matched with the left end hole of the left lining plate 3. The second strain gauge 18-1 is 4-8 pieces, which are evenly distributed on the ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove. A key 14 is provided at the static fit between the cylindrical surface of the second brake positive pressure sensor 18 and the left end hole of the left lining plate 3, and a plurality of screws 219 are provided at the connection between the outer ring of the second brake positive pressure sensor 18 and the left lining plate 3. The through hole on the right side of the groove is dynamically matched with the cylinder of the right lining plate 21, and a key 4 23 is provided at the matching position. The cylinder connected to the right side of the right lining plate 21 is provided with a first brake positive pressure sensor 22 located between the through hole end on the right side of the groove and the right lining plate. The first brake positive pressure sensor 22 is a stepped disc, and the center hole of the stepped disc is dynamically matched with the cylinder of the right lining plate 21. The end surface of the disc is symmetrically provided with a left annular groove and a right annular groove. A first strain gauge 22-1 connected to the first signal line 22-2 is placed in the left annular groove or the right annular groove. The outer end surface of the disc on the left annular groove side is slightly higher than the inner end surface and rests on the right lining plate 21. The inner end surface of the disc on the right annular groove is slightly higher than the outer end surface and rests on the right through hole end of the annular groove of the brake seat 9. The first strain gauges 22 - 1 are 4 to 8 pieces, which are evenly distributed on the ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove.

[0046] The monitoring method of the floating brake for monitoring the braking positive pressure of the first embodiment is:

[0047] During braking, the outer end face of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 is subjected to the right brake positive pressure F3 exerted by the brake disc 1 through the right brake shoe 20 and the right lining plate 21, and the inner end face of the right annular groove is subjected to the resultant force F4 of the disc spring force and the friction forces of seven locations of the right brake group, F3=-F4, the bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are determined according to the size of F3, the bottom circular rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F3 and F4, which are strain areas, F3 is proportional to the strain amount, and the strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line 22-2 to monitor the size of the brake positive pressure F3 in real time; The outer end face of the right annular groove of the second brake positive pressure sensor 18 bears the left brake positive pressure F1 exerted by the brake disc 1 through the left brake shoe 2 and the left lining plate 3, and the inner end face of the left annular groove bears the resultant force F2 of the disc spring force, the friction force of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure, F1 = -F2, the bottom thickness and width of the left and right annular grooves are determined according to the size of F1, and the bottom rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformation under the action of F1 and F2, which is the strain area, and F1 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the second signal line 18-2 to monitor the size of the brake positive pressure F1 in real time;

[0048] The left brake assembly includes: a left brake shoe 2, a left lining plate 3, a cylinder 5, a second brake positive pressure sensor 18, a disc spring assembly 10, a cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17;

[0049] The right brake assembly includes: a right brake shoe 20, a right lining plate 21, a first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and a brake seat 9;

[0050] The friction forces at four places of the left brake group are the friction forces between the hole of the disc spring group 10 and the inner axis of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer edge surface of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the small hole of the oil cylinder 11 of the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the small axis of the piston 13, the rear cover 16 and the second seal ring 14 and the large axis of the piston 13, and the residual oil pressure is equal to the oil pressure unloaded to the residual oil pressure during braking, and the residual oil pressure value is less than 0.5MPa;

[0051] The seven friction forces of the right brake group are the friction between the hole of the disc spring group 10 and the inner axis of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer edge axis of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the small hole of the oil cylinder 11 of the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the sealing ring 1 12 and the small axis of the piston 13, the rear cover 16 and the sealing ring 2 14 and the large axis of the piston 13, the outer cylinder of the brake seat 9 and the key 3 7 and the hole of the bracket 8, the right hole of the brake seat 9 and the axis of the right lining plate 21 and the key 4 23, and the hole of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and the axis of the right lining plate 21.

[0052] Braking process: from the open state Figure 2As shown, after the oil pressure drops to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 after stretching to the right serves as a driving force to overcome the friction of the four places of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston 13, and pushes the left brake shoe 2 to move right and press the brake disc 1. The left brake positive pressure F1 of the left brake shoe 2 pressing the brake disc 1 is equal to the disc spring force, the friction of the four places of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. Then the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 stretching to the left again serves as a driving force to overcome the friction of the seven places of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe 20 to move left and press the brake disc 1 to achieve the closing brake. Figure 1 As shown, the right brake positive pressure F3 of the right brake shoe 20 pressing the brake disc 1 is equal to the resultant force of the disc spring force and the friction forces of seven locations of the right brake group;

[0053] The monitoring process before the brake is opened again after the brake is finished: if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it indicates that there is no fault, and the next start is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, an alarm is issued and the next start is locked, and the fault is continuously diagnosed based on the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1 is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the right brake group; if the monitored left brake positive pressure F1 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the left brake group, and the car can be started only after the fault of insufficient brake positive pressure is eliminated;

[0054] Opening process: from the closing brake state to Figure 1 As shown, after the oil pressure rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston 13 acts as a driving force to overcome the combined force of the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring group 10 and the friction forces of the four sides of the left gate group to continue to compress the disc spring group 10, so that the left brake shoe 2 moves left away from the gate disc 1 to reach a total gate gap Δ less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw 15, and the gate disc 1 rotates and produces left and right swings. The gate disc 1 deviates and swings to the right to push the gate group to move right on the bracket 8. The gate group is a component in which the right gate group and the left gate group are connected together by the adjusting screw 15. The leftward swing of the gate disc 1 pushes the gate group to move left on the bracket 8. The left and right movement of the gate group on the bracket 8 is floating. The floating increases the gate gap between the right brake shoe 20 and the gate disc 1 to Δ2, and at the same time reduces the gate gap between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1 to Δ1. No matter how Δ1 and Δ2 change, Δ1+Δ2=Δ is maintained. Figure 2 As shown, where: Δ1 is the gate clearance between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1, and Δ2 is the gate clearance between the right brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1;

[0055] Monitoring process before driving: If the monitored right brake positive pressure F3=0, it indicates that there is no fault, and the vehicle is allowed to drive; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, the vehicle is not allowed to drive, and the fault diagnosis continues according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as the right brake group not opening fault; if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as the left brake group not opening fault, and the vehicle can only drive after eliminating the fault;

[0056] During the gate opening status monitoring process, the gate disc 1 rotates as follows Figure 2 As shown, the hoist starts, if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, an alarm is issued and the safety brake is activated, and the fault is diagnosed according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as a right brake group brake failure, and if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as a left brake group brake failure. The hoist can be started only after the fault is eliminated;

[0057] The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

[0058] Embodiment 2

[0059] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure shown is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the similarities are omitted. The difference is that the bottom of the cylinder 5 is connected to the left lining plate 3 in a dovetail groove manner.

[0060] The monitoring method of the floating brake for monitoring the positive braking pressure of the second embodiment is:

[0061] During braking, the outer end face of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 bears the right brake positive pressure F3 exerted by the brake disc 1 through the right brake shoe 20 and the right lining plate 21, and the inner end face of the right annular groove bears the resultant force F4 of the disc spring force and the friction force of seven places of the right brake group, F3=-F4, the bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are determined according to the size of F3, and the bottom rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F3 and F4, which is the strain area, and F3 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line 22-2, and the size of the brake positive pressure F3 is monitored in real time;

[0062] The left brake assembly includes: a left brake shoe 2, a left lining plate 3, a cylinder 5, a disc spring assembly 10, an oil cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17;

[0063] The right brake assembly includes: a right brake shoe 20, a right lining plate 21, a first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and a brake seat 9;

[0064] The friction forces at four places of the left brake group are the friction forces between the hole of the disc spring group 10 and the inner axis of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer axis of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the small hole of the oil cylinder 11 in the hydraulic assembly and the small axis of the piston 13, the rear cover 16 and the second seal ring 14 and the large axis of the piston 13, and the residual oil pressure is equal to the oil pressure unloaded to the residual oil pressure during braking, and the residual oil pressure value is less than 0.5MPa;

[0065] The seven friction forces of the right brake group are the friction between the hole of the disc spring group 10 and the inner axis of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer edge axis of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the small hole of the oil cylinder 11 in the hydraulic assembly and the small axis of the piston 13, the rear cover 16 and the seal 2 14 and the large axis of the piston 13, the outer cylinder of the brake seat 9 and the key 3 7 and the hole of the bracket 8, the right hole of the brake seat 9 and the axis of the right lining plate 21 and the key 4 23, and the hole of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and the axis of the right lining plate 21.

[0066] Braking process: from the open state Figure 4 As shown, after the oil pressure drops to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 after stretching to the right serves as a driving force to overcome the friction of the four places of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston 13, and pushes the left brake shoe 2 to move right and press the brake disc 1. The left brake positive pressure F1 of the left brake shoe 2 pressing the brake disc 1 is equal to the disc spring force, the friction of the four places of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. Then the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 stretching to the left again serves as a driving force to overcome the friction of the seven places of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe 20 to move left and press the brake disc 1 to achieve the closing brake. Figure 3 As shown, the right brake positive pressure F3 of the right brake shoe 20 pressing the brake disc 1 is equal to the resultant force of the disc spring force and the friction forces of seven locations of the right brake group;

[0067] The monitoring process before the brake is opened again after the brake is finished: if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it indicates that there is no fault, and the next start is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, an alarm is issued and the next start is locked, and the fault is continuously diagnosed based on the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1 is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the right brake group; if the monitored left brake positive pressure F1 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the left brake group, and the car can be started only after the fault of insufficient brake positive pressure is eliminated;

[0068] Opening process: from the closing brake state to Figure 3As shown, after the oil pressure rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston 13 acts as a driving force to overcome the combined force of the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring group 10 and the friction forces of the four sides of the left gate group to continue to compress the disc spring group 10, so that the left brake shoe 2 moves left away from the gate disc 1 to reach a total gate gap Δ less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw 15, and the gate disc 1 rotates and produces left and right swings. The gate disc 1 deviates and swings to the right to push the gate group to move right on the bracket 8. The gate group is a component in which the right gate group and the left gate group are connected together by the adjusting screw 15. The leftward swing of the gate disc 1 pushes the gate group to move left on the bracket 8. The left and right movement of the gate group on the bracket 8 is floating. The floating increases the gate gap between the right brake shoe 20 and the gate disc 1 to Δ2, and at the same time reduces the gate gap between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1 to Δ1. No matter how Δ1 and Δ2 change, Δ1+Δ2=Δ is maintained. Figure 4 As shown, where: Δ1 is the gate clearance between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1, and Δ2 is the gate clearance between the right brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1;

[0069] Monitoring process before driving: If the monitored right brake positive pressure F3=0, it indicates that there is no fault, and the vehicle is allowed to drive; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, the vehicle is not allowed to drive, and the fault diagnosis continues according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as the right brake group not opening fault; if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as the left brake group not opening fault, and the vehicle can only drive after eliminating the fault;

[0070] During the gate opening status monitoring process, the gate disc 1 rotates as follows Figure 4 As shown, the hoist starts, if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, an alarm is issued and the safety brake is activated, and the fault is diagnosed according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as a right brake group brake failure, and if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as a left brake group brake failure. The hoist can be started only after the fault is eliminated;

[0071] The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

[0072] Embodiment 3

[0073] like Figure 5 and Figure 6The floating brake for monitoring the positive brake pressure is shown in the embodiment, which is basically the same as the first embodiment, and the similarities are omitted. A blind hole with an inner shaft is opened on the left side of the cylinder 5, and a disc spring group 10 is arranged in the cylinder 5; the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes an oil cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17 arranged in sequence, and an adjusting screw 15 is set on the outside of the oil cylinder 11. A sealing ring 14 is provided between the oil cylinder 11 and the piston 13. The screw 17 passes through the oil cylinder 11 and is threadedly connected to the circumference of the cylinder 5. A second positive brake pressure sensor 18 is connected to the outer edge of the bottom of the cylinder 5, and the outer cylindrical surface is slightly higher than the bottom end surface of the cylinder 5. The second positive brake pressure sensor 18 has a groove symmetrically arranged on the ring for placing the second strain gauge 18-1. The second strain gauge 18-1 is connected to the second signal line 18-2, and the cylindrical surface is statically matched with the left end hole of the left lining plate 3. The second strain gauge 18-1 is 4-8 pieces, which are evenly distributed on the ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove. A key 4 is provided at the static fit between the cylindrical surface of the second brake positive pressure sensor 18 and the left end hole of the left lining plate 3 , and a plurality of screws 19 are provided at the connection between the outer ring of the second brake positive pressure sensor 18 and the left lining plate 3 .

[0074] The monitoring method of the floating brake for monitoring the braking positive pressure of the third embodiment is:

[0075] During braking, the outer end face of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 is subjected to the right brake positive pressure F3 exerted by the brake disc 1 through the right brake shoe 20 and the right lining plate 21, and the inner end face of the right annular groove is subjected to the resultant force F4 of the disc spring force and the six friction forces of the right brake group, F3=-F4, and the bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are determined according to the size of F3. The bottom circular rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F3 and F4, which are strain areas. F3 is proportional to the strain amount, and the strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line 22-2 to monitor the size of the brake positive pressure F3 in real time. The outer end face of the right annular groove of the second brake positive pressure sensor 18 bears the left brake positive pressure F1 exerted by the brake disc 1 through the left brake shoe 2 and the left lining plate 3, and the inner end face of the left annular groove bears the resultant force F2 of the disc spring force, the three friction forces of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure, F1 = -F2, the bottom thickness and width of the left and right annular grooves are determined according to the size of F1, and the bottom rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F1 and F2, which is the strain area, and F1 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the second signal line 18-2 to monitor the size of the brake positive pressure F1 in real time;

[0076] The left brake assembly includes: a left brake shoe 2, a left lining plate 3, a cylinder 5, a second brake positive pressure sensor 18, a disc spring assembly 10, a cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17;

[0077] The right brake assembly includes: a right brake shoe 20, a right lining plate 21, a first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and a brake seat 9;

[0078] The three friction forces of the left brake group are the friction between the hole of the disc spring group 10 and the inner shaft of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer shaft of the cylinder 5 and the key 6, the hole of the hydraulic cylinder 11 and the seal ring 14 and the large shaft of the piston 13. The residual oil pressure is equal to the oil pressure unloaded to the residual oil pressure during braking, and the residual oil pressure value is less than 0.5MPa;

[0079] The six friction forces of the right brake group are the friction between the hole of the disc spring group 10 and the inner axis of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer axis of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the hole of the oil cylinder 11 of the hydraulic assembly and the seal ring 2 14 and the large axis of the piston 13, the outer cylinder of the brake seat 9 and the key 3 7 and the hole of the bracket 8, the right hole of the brake seat 9 and the axis of the right lining plate 21 and the key 4 23, and the hole of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and the axis of the right lining plate 21.

[0080] Braking process: from the open state Figure 6 As shown, after the oil pressure drops to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 after stretching to the right serves as a driving force to overcome the three friction forces of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston 13, and pushes the left brake shoe 2 to move right and press the gate disc 1. The left brake positive pressure F1 of the left brake shoe 2 pressing the gate disc 1 is equal to the disc spring force, the three friction forces of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. Then the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 stretching to the left again serves as a driving force to overcome the six friction forces of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe 20 to move left and press the gate disc 1 to achieve closing braking. Figure 5 As shown, the right brake positive pressure F3 of the right brake shoe 20 pressing the brake disc 1 is equal to the resultant force of the disc spring force and the friction forces at six locations of the right brake group;

[0081] The monitoring process before the brake is opened again after the brake is finished: if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it indicates that there is no fault, and the next start is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, an alarm is issued and the next start is locked, and the fault is continuously diagnosed based on the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1 is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the right brake group; if the monitored left brake positive pressure F1 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the left brake group, and the car can be started only after the fault of insufficient brake positive pressure is eliminated;

[0082] Opening process: from the closing brake state to Figure 5As shown, after the oil pressure rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston 13 acts as a driving force to overcome the combined force of the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring group 10 and the friction forces of the three places of the left gate group to continue to compress the disc spring group 10, so that the left brake shoe 2 moves leftward away from the gate disc 1 to reach a total gate gap Δ of less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw 15, and the gate disc 1 rotates and produces left and right swings. The gate disc 1 deviates and swings to the right to push the gate group to move right on the bracket 8. The gate group is a component in which the right gate group and the left gate group are connected together by the adjusting screw 15. The leftward swing of the gate disc 1 pushes the gate group to move leftward on the bracket 8. The left and right movement of the gate group on the bracket 8 is floating. The floating increases the gate gap between the right brake shoe 20 and the gate disc 1 to Δ2, and at the same time reduces the gate gap between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1 to Δ1. No matter how Δ1 and Δ2 change, Δ1+Δ2=Δ is maintained. Figure 6 As shown, where: Δ1 is the gate clearance between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1, and Δ2 is the gate clearance between the right brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1;

[0083] Monitoring process before driving: If the monitored right brake positive pressure F3=0, it indicates that there is no fault, and the vehicle is allowed to drive; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, the vehicle is not allowed to drive, and the fault diagnosis continues according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as the right brake group not opening fault; if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as the left brake group not opening fault, and the vehicle can only drive after eliminating the fault;

[0084] During the gate opening status monitoring process, the gate disc 1 rotates as follows Figure 6 As shown, the hoist starts, if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, an alarm is issued and the safety brake is activated, and the fault is diagnosed according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as a right brake group brake failure, and if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as a left brake group brake failure. The hoist can be started only after the fault is eliminated;

[0085] The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

[0086] Embodiment 4:

[0087] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 The floating brake for monitoring the positive pressure of the brake is shown, which is basically the same as the third embodiment, and the similarities are omitted. A blind hole without an inner shaft is opened on the left side of the cylinder 5, and a disc spring group 10 is arranged in the blind hole; the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes an oil cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17 arranged in sequence, and an adjusting screw 15 is sleeved on the outside of the oil cylinder 11. A sealing ring 14 is arranged between the oil cylinder 11 and the piston 13. The screw 17 enters from the rear cover 16 and passes through the piston 13 to be threadedly connected to the circumference of the cylinder 5. The bottom of the cylinder 5 is connected to the left lining plate 3 in a dovetail groove manner.

[0088] The monitoring method of the floating brake for monitoring the braking positive pressure of the fourth embodiment is:

[0089] During braking, the outer end face of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 bears the right brake positive pressure F3 exerted by the brake disc 1 through the right brake shoe 20 and the right lining plate 21, and the inner end face of the right annular groove bears the resultant force F4 of the disc spring force and the friction force of six points of the right brake group, F3 = -F4, the bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are determined according to the size of F3, and the bottom circular rings of the left and right annular grooves produce shear and bending deformations under the action of F3 and F4, which is the strain area, and F3 is proportional to the strain amount. The strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line 22-2, and the size of the brake positive pressure F3 is monitored in real time;

[0090] The left brake assembly includes: a left brake shoe 2, a left lining plate 3, a cylinder 5, a disc spring assembly 10, an oil cylinder 11, a piston 13, a rear cover 16 and a screw 17;

[0091] The right brake assembly includes: a right brake shoe 20, a right lining plate 21, a first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and a brake seat 9;

[0092] The three frictions of the left brake group are the friction between the axis of the disc spring group 10 and the hole of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer axis of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the hole of the oil cylinder 11 of the hydraulic assembly and the friction between the seal ring 2 14 and the large axis of the piston 13. The residual oil pressure is equal to the oil pressure unloaded to the residual oil pressure during braking, and the residual oil pressure value is less than 0.5MPa;

[0093] The six friction forces of the right brake group are the friction between the axis of the disc spring group 10 and the hole of the cylinder 5, the left hole of the brake seat 9 and the outer edge axis of the cylinder 5 and the key 2 6, the hole of the oil cylinder 11 of the hydraulic assembly and the seal ring 2 14 and the large axis of the piston 13, the outer cylinder of the brake seat 9 and the key 3 7 and the hole of the bracket 8, the right hole of the brake seat 9 and the axis of the right lining plate 21 and the key 4 23, and the hole of the first brake positive pressure sensor 22 and the axis of the right lining plate 21.

[0094] Braking process: from the open state Figure 8 As shown, after the oil pressure drops to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 after stretching to the right serves as a driving force to overcome the three friction forces of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston 13, and pushes the left brake shoe 2 to move right and press the gate disc 1. The left brake positive pressure F1 of the left brake shoe 2 pressing the gate disc 1 is equal to the disc spring force, the three friction forces of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. Then the disc spring force of the disc spring group 10 stretching to the left again serves as a driving force to overcome the six friction forces of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe 20 to move left and press the gate disc 1 to achieve closing braking. Figure 7As shown, the right brake positive pressure F3 of the right brake shoe 20 pressing the brake disc 1 is equal to the resultant force of the disc spring force and the friction forces at six locations of the right brake group;

[0095] The monitoring process before the brake is opened again after the brake is finished: if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it indicates that there is no fault, and the next start is allowed; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, an alarm is issued and the next start is locked, and the fault is continuously diagnosed based on the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1 is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the right brake group; if the monitored left brake positive pressure F1 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed as insufficient brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc 1 by the left brake group, and the car can be started only after the fault of insufficient brake positive pressure is eliminated;

[0096] Opening process: from the closing brake state to Figure 7 As shown, after the oil pressure rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston 13 acts as a driving force to overcome the combined force of the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring group 10 and the friction forces of the three places of the left gate group to continue to compress the disc spring group 10, so that the left brake shoe 2 moves leftward away from the gate disc 1 to reach a total gate gap Δ of less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw 15, and the gate disc 1 rotates and produces left and right swings. The gate disc 1 deviates and swings to the right to push the gate group to move right on the bracket 8. The gate group is a component in which the right gate group and the left gate group are connected together by the adjusting screw 15. The leftward swing of the gate disc 1 pushes the gate group to move leftward on the bracket 8. The left and right movement of the gate group on the bracket 8 is floating. The floating increases the gate gap between the right brake shoe 20 and the gate disc 1 to Δ2, and at the same time reduces the gate gap between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1 to Δ1. No matter how Δ1 and Δ2 change, Δ1+Δ2=Δ is maintained. Figure 8 As shown, where: Δ1 is the gate clearance between the left brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1, and Δ2 is the gate clearance between the right brake shoe 2 and the gate disc 1;

[0097] Monitoring process before driving: If the monitored right brake positive pressure F3=0, it indicates that there is no fault, and the vehicle is allowed to drive; if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, the vehicle is not allowed to drive, and the fault diagnosis continues according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as the right brake group not opening fault; if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as the left brake group not opening fault, and the vehicle can only drive after eliminating the fault;

[0098] During the gate opening status monitoring process, the gate disc 1 rotates as follows Figure 8 As shown, the hoist starts, if the monitored right brake positive pressure F3≠0, an alarm is issued and the safety brake is activated, and the fault is diagnosed according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F1=0, it is diagnosed as a right brake group brake failure, and if the left brake positive pressure F1≠0, it is diagnosed as a left brake group brake failure. The hoist can be started only after the fault is eliminated;

[0099] The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

Claims

1. A floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure, comprising: A brake disc (1), a left brake shoe (2), a left lining plate (3), a cylinder (5), a bracket (8), a brake seat (9), a disc spring group (10), an oil cylinder (11), a piston (13), an adjusting screw (15), a rear cover (16), a screw one (17), a right brake shoe (20) and a right lining plate (21), characterized in that: the outer contour of the brake seat (9) is a cylindrical integral structure, the outer contour cylinder is sleeved on the bracket (8), and is movably matched with the hole of the bracket (8), and a key three (7) is provided at the matching position, and a groove suitable for accommodating the brake disc, the brake shoe and the lining plate is opened in the middle of the outer contour cylinder of the brake seat (9), and the left brake shoe (2) and the left lining plate (3) are connected with the right brake shoe (20) and the right lining plate The plates (21) are connected by a dovetail groove, the left side of the groove is provided with stepped holes of large and small diameters, and the right side is provided with a through hole on the same axis as the left step, the small-diameter stepped hole on the left side of the groove is dynamically matched with the outer edge surface of the cylinder (5), and a key 2 (6) is provided at the matching position, and the large-diameter stepped hole on the left side of the groove is matched with the hydraulic cylinder assembly; the left side of the cylinder (5) is provided with a blind hole with an inner shaft or a blind hole without an inner shaft for installing a disc spring group (10); the through hole on the right side of the groove is dynamically matched with the column of the right lining plate (21), and a key 4 (23) is provided at the matching position, and the column connected to the right side of the right lining plate (21) is provided with a first brake positive pressure sensor (22) located between the through hole end on the right side of the groove and the right lining plate; The first brake positive pressure sensor (22) is a stepped disc, the center hole of the stepped disc is dynamically matched with the cylinder of the right lining plate (21), the end surface of the disc is symmetrically provided with a left annular groove and a right annular groove, a first strain gauge (22-1) connected to the first signal line (22-2) is placed in the left annular groove or the right annular groove, the outer end surface of the disc on the left annular groove side is slightly higher than the inner end surface, and it rests on the right lining plate (21), and the inner end surface of the disc on the right annular groove side is slightly higher than the outer end surface, and it rests on the right through hole end of the annular groove of the brake seat (9); The outer edge of the bottom of the cylinder (5) is connected to a second brake positive pressure sensor (18) whose outer cylindrical surface is slightly higher than the bottom end surface of the cylinder (5). The second brake positive pressure sensor (18) has a groove symmetrically arranged on the circular ring for placing a second strain gauge (18-1). The second strain gauge (18-1) is connected to the second signal line (18-2), and the cylindrical surface is statically matched with the left end hole of the left lining plate (3).

2. A floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first strain gauges (22-1) are 4 to 8 pieces, which are evenly distributed on the ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove.

3. A floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second strain gauges (18-1) are 4 to 8 pieces, which are evenly distributed on the ring at the bottom of the left annular groove or the right annular groove.

4. A floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A key (4) is provided at the static fit between the cylindrical surface of the second brake positive pressure sensor (18) and the left end hole of the left lining plate (3), and a plurality of screws (19) are provided at the connection between the outer ring of the second brake positive pressure sensor (18) and the left lining plate (3).

5. A floating brake for monitoring brake positive pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the cylinder (5) is integrally connected to the left lining plate (3).

6. A method for monitoring a floating brake for monitoring a positive braking pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: During braking, the outer end surface of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor (22) receives the right brake positive pressure exerted by the brake disc (1) through the right brake shoe (20) and the right lining plate (21). F 3. The inner end surface of the right annular groove bears the combined force of the disc spring force and the friction forces of multiple locations of the right brake group. F 4. F 3=- F 4. The bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are based on F 3 is determined by the size of the left and right annular grooves. F 3 and F 4 produces shear and bending deformation, which is the strain area. F 3 is proportional to the strain, and the strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line (22-2) to monitor the brake positive pressure in real time. F The outer end surface of the right annular groove of the second brake positive pressure sensor (18) bears the left brake positive pressure of the brake disc (1) through the left brake shoe (2) and the left lining plate (3). F 1. The inner end surface of the left annular groove bears the combined force of the disc spring force, the friction force of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. F 2, F 1=- F 2. The bottom thickness and width of the left and right annular grooves are based on F 1 is determined by the size of the left and right annular grooves. F 1 and F 2 produces shear and bending deformation, which is the strain area. F 1 is proportional to the strain, and the strain signal is output to the host computer through the second signal line (18-2) to monitor the brake positive pressure in real time. F The size of 1; The multiple friction forces of the right brake group include the friction between the hole of the disc spring group (10) and the inner shaft of the cylinder (5) or the shaft of the disc spring group (10) and the hole of the cylinder (5), the left hole of the brake seat (9) and the outer edge surface of the cylinder (5) and the key 2 (6), the oil cylinder (11) and the sealing ring 1 (12) and the small shaft of the piston (13) in the hydraulic cylinder assembly, the rear cover (16) and the sealing ring 2 (14) and the large shaft of the piston (13), the outer cylinder of the brake seat (9) and the key 3 (7) and the hole of the bracket (8), the right hole of the brake seat (9) and the shaft of the right lining plate (21) and the key 4 (23), and the hole of the first brake positive pressure sensor (22) and the shaft of the right lining plate (21); Braking process: After the oil pressure drops from the open state to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group (10) after extending to the right serves as a driving force to overcome the combined force of the multiple friction forces of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston (13), pushing the left brake shoe (2) to the right and pressing the brake disc (1). The left brake shoe (2) presses the brake disc (1) to the left brake positive pressure. F 1 is equal to the combined force of the disc spring force, the frictional forces at multiple locations of the left brake group, and the residual oil pressure. Then, the disc spring force of the disc spring group (10) extending to the left is used as a driving force to overcome the frictional forces at multiple locations of the right brake group and push the right brake shoe (20) to move leftward and press the brake disc (1) to achieve closing braking. The right brake shoe (20) presses the brake disc (1) to achieve the right brake positive pressure. F 3 is equal to the resultant force of the disc spring force and the friction forces at multiple locations of the right brake group; The friction forces at multiple locations of the left brake group include friction forces between the hole of the disc spring group (10) and the inner shaft of the cylinder (5) or the shaft of the disc spring group (10) and the inner hole of the cylinder (5), the left hole of the brake seat (9) and the outer edge shaft of the cylinder (5) and the key 2 (6), the oil cylinder (11) and the sealing ring 1 (12) in the hydraulic cylinder assembly and the small shaft of the piston (13), the rear cover (16) and the sealing ring 2 (14) and the large shaft of the piston (13), the residual oil pressure is equal to the oil pressure unloaded to the residual oil pressure during braking, and the residual oil pressure value is less than 0.5MPa; The left brake assembly comprises: a left brake shoe (2), a left lining plate (3), a cylinder (5), a second brake positive pressure sensor (18), a disc spring assembly (10), an oil cylinder (11), a piston (13), a rear cover (16) and a screw (17); The right brake assembly comprises: a right brake shoe (20), a right lining plate (21), a first brake positive pressure sensor (22) and a brake seat (9); The monitoring process before the brake is opened after the brake is finished: if the positive pressure of the right brake is monitored F 3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, indicating that there is no fault, and the next drive is allowed; if the right brake positive pressure is monitored F 3 is less than the allowable value of the positive brake pressure, an alarm will be given and the car will be locked. The next time you drive, continue to diagnose the fault based on the monitoring. If the left positive brake pressure F 1 is greater than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed that the brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc (1) by the right brake group is insufficient; if the left brake positive pressure is monitored F If 1 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, it is diagnosed that the brake positive pressure applied to the brake disc (1) by the left brake group is insufficient. The vehicle can be started only after the insufficient brake positive pressure fault is eliminated; Opening process: After the oil pressure in the brake-on state rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston (13) acts as a driving force to overcome the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring assembly (10) and the combined force of the friction forces at multiple locations of the left brake assembly to continue compressing the disc spring assembly (10), causing the left brake shoe (2) to move leftward away from the brake disc (1) to reach a total brake clearance of less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw (15). Δ The gate disc (1) rotates and produces a left-right deflection. The gate disc (1) swings to the right and pushes the gate group to move to the right on the bracket (8). The gate group is a component in which the right gate group and the left gate group are connected together by an adjusting screw (15). The gate disc (1) swings to the left and pushes the gate group to move to the left on the bracket (8). The left-right movement of the gate group on the bracket (8) is floating. The floating increases the gate clearance between the right brake shoe (20) and the gate disc (1) to Δ 2. At the same time, the clearance between the left brake shoe (2) and the brake disc (1) is reduced to Δ 1. Regardless Δ 1. Δ 2No matter how it changes, it remains Δ 1 +Δ 2 =Δ ,in: Δ 1 is the gate clearance between the left brake shoe (2) and the gate disc (1), Δ 2 is the gate clearance of the right brake shoe (20) away from the gate disc (1); Monitoring process before driving: If monitoring the right brake positive pressure F 3=0, indicating no fault, then driving is allowed; if the right brake positive pressure is monitored F 3≠0, driving is not allowed, and the fault diagnosis continues according to the monitoring. If the left brake positive pressure F 1=0, the diagnosis is that the right brake group does not open the gate fault. If the left brake positive pressure F If 1≠0, the diagnosis is that the left brake group is not open, and the car can be started only after the fault is eliminated; During the gate opening status monitoring process, the gate disc (1) rotates and the hoist starts. If the right brake positive pressure is monitored F 3≠0, alarm and activate safety brake, continue to diagnose faults according to monitoring, if the left brake positive pressure F 1=0, the diagnosis is the right brake group brake failure, if the left brake positive pressure F If 1≠0, it is diagnosed as a brake failure of the left brake group, and the car can be started only after the fault is eliminated; The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

7. A method for monitoring a floating brake for monitoring the positive brake pressure according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: During braking, the outer end surface of the left annular groove of the first brake positive pressure sensor (22) receives the right brake positive pressure exerted by the brake disc (1) through the right brake shoe (20) and the right lining plate (21). F 3. The inner end surface of the right annular groove bears the combined force of the disc spring force and the friction forces of multiple locations of the right brake group. F 4. F 3=- F 4. The bottom thickness and width of the annular groove are based on F 3 is determined by the size of the left and right annular grooves. F 3 and F 4 produces shear and bending deformation, which is the strain area. F 3 is proportional to the strain, and the strain signal is output to the host computer through the first signal line (22-2) to monitor the brake positive pressure in real time. F 3 size; Braking process: After the oil pressure drops from the open state to the residual oil pressure, the disc spring force of the disc spring group (10) extending to the right acts as a driving force to overcome the combined force of the multiple frictions of the left brake group and the residual oil pressure acting on the piston (13) to push the left brake shoe (2) to the right and press the brake disc (1). Then, the disc spring force of the disc spring group (10) extending to the left again acts as a driving force to overcome the multiple frictions of the right brake group to push the right brake shoe (20) to the left and press the brake disc (1) to achieve the closing brake. The right brake shoe (20) presses the brake disc (1) to the right brake positive pressure F 3 is equal to the resultant force of the disc spring force and the friction forces at multiple locations of the right brake group; The left brake assembly comprises: a left brake shoe (2), a left lining plate (3), a cylinder (5), a disc spring assembly (10), an oil cylinder (11), a piston (13), a rear cover (16) and a screw 1 (17); The right brake assembly comprises: a right brake shoe (20), a right lining plate (21), a first brake positive pressure sensor (22) and a brake seat (9); The monitoring process before the brake is opened after the brake is finished: if the positive pressure of the right brake is monitored F 3 is greater than or equal to the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, indicating that there is no fault, and the next drive is allowed; if the right brake positive pressure is monitored F 3 is less than the allowable value of the brake positive pressure, and a fault of insufficient brake positive pressure applied by the brake group to the brake disc (1) is diagnosed, then an alarm is issued and the next start is locked, and the vehicle can be started only after the insufficient brake positive pressure fault is eliminated. The brake group is a component in which a right brake group and a left brake group are connected together by an adjusting screw (15), the right brake group includes a right brake shoe (20), a right lining plate (21), a first brake positive pressure sensor (22) and a brake seat (9), and the left brake group includes a left brake shoe (2), a left lining plate (3), a cylinder (5), a disc spring group (10), an oil cylinder (11), a piston (13), a rear cover (16) and a screw 1 (17); Opening process: After the oil pressure in the brake-on state rises to the working oil pressure, the working oil pressure acting on the piston (13) acts as a driving force to overcome the disc spring force generated by the compression deformation of the disc spring assembly (10) and the combined force of the friction forces at multiple locations of the left brake assembly to continue compressing the disc spring assembly (10), causing the left brake shoe (2) to move leftward away from the brake disc (1) to reach a total brake clearance of less than 2 mm set by the adjusting screw (15). Δ The gate disc (1) rotates and produces a left-right deflection. The gate disc (1) deflects and swings to the right, pushing the gate group to move to the right on the bracket (8). The gate disc (1) deflects and moves to the left, pushing the gate group to move to the left on the bracket (8). The left-right movement of the gate group on the bracket (8) is floating. As a result of the floating, the gate gap between the right brake shoe (20) and the gate disc (1) increases to Δ 2. At the same time, the clearance between the left brake shoe (2) and the brake disc (1) is reduced to Δ 1. Regardless Δ 1. Δ 2No matter how it changes, it remains Δ 1 +Δ 2 =Δ ; Monitoring process before driving: If monitoring the right brake positive pressure F 3=0, indicating no fault, then driving is allowed; if the right brake positive pressure is monitored F 3≠0, if the gate group is diagnosed as not opening, the car is not allowed to start, and the car can only be started after the fault is eliminated; The process of monitoring the gate opening status: the gate disc (1) rotates and the hoist starts. If the positive pressure of the right brake is monitored F 3≠0, if the brake group fails to apply the brake, an alarm will be given and safety braking will be activated; The above process is repeated to complete the real-time monitoring of the brake positive pressure and achieve reliable operation of the floating brake.

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