Protrusions for rotary kilns

Abstract

The present invention relates to a projecting part formed of two blocks made of refractory material for a rotary kiln and a kiln comprising such a projecting part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a protruding component made of refractory material for a rotary kiln. Background Art

[0002] A rotary kiln usually consists of an outer metal cylinder, called the kiln carcass, and an inner covering. The kiln carcass rotates around its axis and takes the inner covering with it. The inner covering of the kiln acts both as a thermal insulation layer to protect the kiln carcass from the high temperatures of the gases and also as a chemical protection wall for the kiln carcass.

[0003] The inner covering of the kiln is composed of refractory bricks, which include a dome back, a concave belly opposite to the dome back, and four sides connecting the dome back and the concave belly. Each refractory brick is placed on the kiln carcass so that its dome back is in contact with the kiln carcass, its concave belly faces the center of the kiln and its side is in contact with the side of the adjacent brick (except for the bricks at the ends of the kiln, one side of these bricks does not contact another brick). In the inner covering, the refractory bricks are held to each other by their own taper. Alternatively, the inner covering of some rotary kilns can be made of refractory concrete.

[0004] Rotary kilns are used in various industrial sectors, such as cement plants, lime kilns, sintering kilns and in the incineration of waste (e.g. hazardous waste).

[0005] The rotary kiln is usually slightly inclined, for example at an angle of about 3°. The inlet of the rotary kiln is located at the upper end of the kiln and comprises a system for supplying the waste to be incinerated. The slight inclination of the rotary kiln combined with the rotation of the kiln carcass allows the waste to be incinerated to be lowered. The outlet of the kiln is located at the lower end of the kiln and comprises a fume extractor and an extractor for the residue called clinker.

[0006] Rotary kilns are currently the only type of equipment that allows the simultaneous incineration of liquid, solid and / or pasty wastes. However, good incineration of these wastes requires a sufficiently long residence time in the rotary kiln, which results in a slow rotation speed. As a result, the waste mass is not sufficiently stirred inside the kiln and only the upper part is in contact with the air, which limits the flow of treated waste and deteriorates the quality of the clinker. This concerns in particular solid and pasty wastes, which are the most expensive to treat.

[0007] Therefore, the rotary kiln can be further optimized, in particular by increasing the contact area between air and waste to improve the efficiency of the kiln while maintaining or even improving the quality of the clinker.

[0008] Clinker is usually stored in Class 1 technical landfill centers. When the quality of the clinker is insufficient, especially when the total amount of organic compounds present in the clinker according to the standard test of "leachate" is less than 1000 ppm, or if certain inorganic compounds (such as molybdenum-containing compounds) are present in very high amounts, the clinker should be stabilized before storage. This stabilization step is particularly costly.

[0009] In order to increase the contact area between air and waste, the inner cover of the rotary kiln comprises protruding parts, ie protruding refractory bricks among other refractory bricks. The protruding parts create obstacles for the waste, thus achieving better mixing of said waste and increasing the penetration of air into said waste.

[0010] However, the protruding parts wear out ten times faster than the refractory bricks of the inner covering. In order to maintain the performance of the rotary kiln, it is necessary to replace the worn protruding parts regularly. However, the worn protruding parts cannot be replaced without completely dismantling the inner covering, because the protruding parts and the bricks are held to each other by their own taper, which prevents any falling off of the protruding parts or the bricks. In other words, it is impossible to replace a single protruding part.

[0011] Despite the significant impact on the performance of the rotary kiln, in particular on the quality of the clinker produced, the cost of completely removing the internal covering is very high, so operators tend to keep the rotary kiln in operation with worn protruding parts, even those that have been over the top (i.e., the protruding parts have been worn to the level of the adjacent refractory bricks). In fact, such a complete removal requires a long shutdown of the rotary kiln, between 8 and 12 days, and the complete replacement of all the refractory bricks, even if the refractory bricks may be in good condition.

[0012] Solutions have been proposed to facilitate the replacement of the protruding parts, however, these solutions are not satisfactory because they reduce the life of the rotary kiln.

[0013] For example, FR 2 725 505 proposes to meet this need by means of ends welded to the kiln carcass and clamping rods that hold the block on the inner covering. The kiln carcass is an expensive and critical element of the rotary kiln, and the welding of the ends weakens the kiln carcass, which may therefore be more easily broken. In addition, the inner covering can rotate independently of the kiln carcass, which creates stresses at the welds, causing the welds to break, so that the block is no longer held and there is a risk of damaging the inner covering. Therefore, the solution proposed in FR 2 725 505 shortens the service life of the rotary kiln.

[0014] JP H08 152272 proposes a solution of cutting out cavities in the inner covering and drilling holes to place and hold blocks serving as protruding parts therein. However, cutting out cavities in the blocks of the inner covering and drilling these holes creates stress that weakens the inner covering and thus shortens the service life of the rotary kiln.

[0015] FR 2 298 779 for its part proposes integrating threaded rods in the blocks of the inner cover and in the blocks used as protruding parts. These rods do not allow the blocks to be fired, since they would degrade at the firing temperatures. However, firing the blocks can significantly increase the service life of the inner cover and therefore of the rotary kiln.

[0016] Technical issues

[0017] Therefore, an effective solution is needed to facilitate the replacement of protruding parts in order to maintain the efficiency of the rotary kiln and the quality of the clinker over time.

[0018] The present inventors have therefore discovered that this need can be met by means of a novel projection component for a rotary kiln made of refractory material. Summary of the invention

[0019] Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a protruding component made of refractory material for a rotary kiln, comprising:

[0020] a base block including a dome back surface and a contact surface opposite to the dome back surface;

[0021] a head block including a concave ventral surface and a contact surface opposite the concave ventral surface;

[0022] a fixing device for fixing the head block to the base block in a detachable manner so that the contact surfaces are in contact with each other after fixing,

[0023] The fixtures include:

[0024] - base anchors, and

[0025] - a head anchor which cooperates directly or indirectly with the base anchor to achieve fixation; and

[0026] The foundation block includes a foundation socket for receiving a foundation anchor.

[0027] The inner covering thus consists simultaneously of refractory bricks and of the base block according to the invention, which serves as a fixing point for the head block which functions as a projection of a conventional projection part.

[0028] When using a rotary kiln, the head block allows stirring of the waste to be incinerated and therefore wears out faster than the refractory bricks. If the head block is too worn, it can be replaced by removing the head block from the base block. Thus, advantageously, the invention allows replacing only the worn head block without changing the base block and without completely destroying the inner cover of the rotary kiln.

[0029] The projecting parts of the invention thus advantageously allow to significantly reduce the time required to replace worn projecting parts of the inner cover of a rotary kiln.

[0030] In addition, the protruding part of the present invention allows only the worn head block to be replaced without replacing the refractory bricks, which reduces the raw material cost of the cover of the rotary kiln.

[0031] Therefore, the protruding member of the present invention is beneficial to maintaining the performance of the rotary kiln and the quality of the clinker over time.

[0032] Furthermore, the base anchor of the fixing device of the protruding part of the invention is not physically connected to the kiln carcass of the rotary kiln, which advantageously allows not to weaken this expensive and critical element of the rotary kiln and therefore not to reduce the service life of the rotary kiln.

[0033] Advantageously, the block of the base groove seat including the protruding part of the present invention can be produced by casting after possible firing, without the step of digging the base groove seat. Therefore, the block will not be weakened by the step of digging the base groove seat and the block has an extended service life.

[0034] In some embodiments, the base anchor of the protruding member includes a cylindrical seat having a polygonal base, and the base recess seat has a shape complementary to the shape of the base anchor.

[0035] In some embodiments, the base block of the protruding component further has a hole extending from the contact surface to the base seat and opening in the base seat.

[0036] The hole of the base block is through-going, and the base groove seat is formed on the back side of the arch.

[0037] In some embodiments, the head block of the protruding member includes a head socket for receiving the head anchor.

[0038] The head block further comprises a hole, which extends from the concave ventral surface to the head slot seat and opens in the head slot seat.

[0039] Wherein, the hole of the head block is through and the head slot seat is formed on the concave belly surface.

[0040] In some embodiments, the base anchor of the protruding member has a threaded hole in the wall, and the head anchor includes a rod having a threaded free end.

[0041] In some embodiments, the base anchor of the protruding member includes a rod having a threaded free end, and the head anchor includes a rod having a threaded free end including a hole having a threaded threaded wall.

[0042] In some embodiments, the rod of the head anchor of the protruding member has two flat portions opposite to each other on an end opposite to the free end.

[0043] In some embodiments, the head anchor of the protruding component further comprises a bearing portion for relatively driving a rod having a thread on a free end into a hole having a threaded threaded wall.

[0044] Wherein, the supporting part is selected from an indentation, an external driving part or a multi-driving part, in particular an external driving part.

[0045] The shape of the indentation is selected from a hollow five-leaf shape, a hollow six-concave shape, an internal six-leaf shape, a cross shape, a slit shape, a notch shape, a square shape and a triangle shape.

[0046] Wherein, the shape of the external driving part is selected from hexagonal, cylindrical and external hexalobular.

[0047] The shape of the multi-driving part is selected from a grooved hexagon, a grooved hollow hexa-concave shape, a grooved cross shape and a grooved hexa-lobed shape.

[0048] In some embodiments, the protruding member further includes an intermediate attachment member for detachably securing the base anchor and the head anchor.

[0049] The intermediate attachment comprises a head and a rod, the rod extending from the head and having a threaded free end, the base anchor having a hole with a tapped wall fixed to the threaded free end of the rod, and the head anchor having an annular stopper for retaining the head of the intermediate attachment.

[0050] The intermediate attachment comprises a head and a rod extending from the head and having a hole with a tapped wall at its free end, the base anchor comprises a rod with a threaded free end for fixing it with the hole with the tapped wall, and the head anchor has an annular stop for retaining the head of the intermediate attachment.

[0051] The head of the intermediate attachment comprises a bearing portion for driving the intermediate attachment and fixing it to the base anchor.

[0052] Wherein, the supporting part is selected from an indentation, an external driving part or a multi-driving part, in particular an external driving part.

[0053] The shape of the indentation is selected from a hollow five-leaf shape, a hollow six-concave shape, an internal six-leaf shape, a cross shape, a slit shape, a notch shape, a square shape and a triangle shape.

[0054] Wherein, the shape of the external driving part is selected from hexagonal, cylindrical and external hexalobular.

[0055] The shape of the multi-driving part is selected from a grooved hexagon, a grooved hollow hexa-concave shape, a grooved cross shape and a grooved hexa-lobed shape.

[0056] In some embodiments, the head anchor of the protruding member is made from a single and identical piece of material.

[0057] In some embodiments, the base anchor of the protruding member is made from a single and identical piece of material.

[0058] In some embodiments, the base anchor of the protruding member is made from a single piece of material with the base block.

[0059] In some embodiments, the head anchor and the head block of the protruding member are made from a single piece of material.

[0060] According to another object, a rotary kiln is proposed, comprising the protruding component as described above.

[0061] In some embodiments, the rotary kiln is selected from rotary kilns having a refractory inner covering made of refractory bricks or refractory concrete. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1

[0063] Figure 1 An exploded view of a protruding member according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0064] Figure 2

[0065] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Side view of a protruding part of , wherein the fixing device and the groove seat transparently (dashed lines) show the taper of the protruding part.

[0066] Figure 3

[0067] Figure 3 It is along Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the protruding part taken along the AA plane.

[0068] Figure 4

[0069] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 An enlarged view of the head slot seat of the protruding component.

[0070] Figure 5

[0071] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 An enlarged view of the base groove seat of the protruding part.

[0072] Figure 6

[0073] Figure 6 A first example of a head anchor according to a first modification of the first embodiment is shown.

[0074] Figure 7

[0075] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Semi-lateral view of the head anchor.

[0076] Figure 8

[0077] Figure 8 A second example of a head anchor according to the first modification of the first embodiment is shown.

[0078] Fig. 9

[0079] Fig. 9 is a semi-side view of a third example of the head anchor according to the first modification of the first embodiment.

[0080] Fig.10

[0081] Fig.10 An example of a base anchor according to a first variant of embodiment is shown, in which the holes are transparently represented by dots.

[0082] Fig.11

[0083] Fig.11 yes Fig.10 Semi-lateral view of the base anchor.

[0084] Fig.12

[0085] Fig.12 is a semi-side view of an example of a rod of a head anchor according to a second modification of the first embodiment, viewed from the bottom of an end portion of the rod.

[0086] Fig.13

[0087] Fig.13 is a side view of an example of a base anchor according to a second variation of the first embodiment, without showing the threads of the rod.

[0088] Fig.14

[0089] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 A semi-side view of a base anchor showing the threads.

[0090] Fig.15

[0091] Fig.15 is an exploded view of a protruding member according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] Fig.16

[0093] Fig.16 yes Fig.15 Side view of the protruding part, where the fixture and the groove seat are transparent (dashed lines) to show the taper of the protruding part

[0094] Fig.17

[0095] Fig.17 yes Fig.16 AA plane cross-sectional view of the protruding part.

[0096] Fig.18

[0097] Fig.18 An example of a head anchor according to a second embodiment is shown.

[0098] Fig.19

[0099] Fig.19 is from Fig.18 Semi-lateral view of the top view of the head anchor.

[0100] Fig. 20

[0101] Fig. 20 is from Fig.18 Semi-lateral view of the bottom view of the head anchor.

[0102] Fig.21

[0103] Fig.21 An intermediate attachment according to a second embodiment is shown.

[0104] Fig. 22

[0105] Fig. 22 A cross-sectional view of the assembled base block and head block without a fixture is shown.

[0106] Fig.23

[0107] Fig.23 A cross-sectional view showing an example of a rotary kiln having protruding components.

[0108] Fig.24

[0109] Fig.24 Shows Fig.23 Partial half-side view of a rotary kiln. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0110] Now combine Figures 1 to 24 The present invention is described.

[0111] According to a first object, the present invention relates to a protruding part made of refractory material for a rotary kiln, comprising:

[0112] A base block 1, which includes an arched back surface 11 and a contact surface 12 opposite to the arched back surface 11; a head block 2, which includes a concave ventral surface 21 and a contact surface 22 opposite to the concave ventral surface 21; and a fixing device, which is used to fix the head block 2 to the base block 1 in a detachable manner so that the contact surfaces 12, 22 contact each other after fixing.

[0113] Typically, the base block 1 includes an arch back surface 11, a contact surface 12 opposite to the arch back surface 11, and four side surfaces connecting the arch back surface 11 and the contact surface 12. The arch back surface 11 and the contact surface 12 may be parallel to each other. The side surfaces of the base block 1 are opposite to each other in pairs and at least two opposite side surfaces are not parallel to each other, so that the base block 1 has a taper. Typically, the angle at the top of the triangle formed by the junction of the two opposite side surfaces may be 1° to 10°, particularly 3° to 8°, and particularly 6° to 7°.

[0114] Typically, the head block 2 includes a concave ventral surface 21, a contact surface 22 opposite to the concave ventral surface 21, and four side surfaces connecting the concave ventral surface 21 and the contact surface 22. The concave ventral surface 21 and the contact surface 22 may be parallel to each other. The side surfaces of the head block 2 are opposite to each other in pairs and typically at least two opposite side surfaces are not parallel to each other, so that the angle at the top of the triangle formed by the joining of the two opposite side surfaces may be 1° to 10°, particularly 3° to 8°, and particularly 6° to 7°.

[0115] According to one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the head block 2 may include a chamfer 25 between the concave ventral surface 21 and at least one of the four side surfaces, in particular between the concave ventral surface 21 and two opposite side surfaces, in particular two opposite side surfaces that are generally not parallel to each other.

[0116] The contact surface 12 of the base block 1 is intended to be in contact with the contact surface 22 of the head block 2, so that these two contact surfaces have complementary three-dimensional shapes.

[0117] Typically, the contact surfaces 12, 22 of the two blocks 1, 2 may have the same shape and the same size. In particular, the contact surfaces 12, 22 are polygonal in shape, such as a triangle, a square or a rectangle. Preferably, the contact surfaces 12, 22 are flat.

[0118] However, the contact surfaces 12 , 22 of the two blocks 1 , 2 may have different shapes and / or different dimensions.

[0119] Generally, the refractory material of the base block 1 and the head block 2 can be selected from metal alloys, ceramics or concrete.

[0120] Among concretes, concrete made of a refractory material with a high alumina content and a mullite binder or concrete made of a refractory material with a mullite-zirconia matrix is ​​particularly suitable for manufacturing the base block 1 and the head block 2. Preferably, the concrete is fiberized with steel fibers, in particular stainless steel fibers, which may be 20 to 40 mm in length. Advantageously, these steel fibers, preferably refractory stainless steel fibers, reinforce the microstructure of the concrete and thus enhance the mechanical strength of the concrete. Preferably, the concrete is previously fired at a temperature between 1050 and 1350°C.

[0121] The metal alloys that can be used are conventional refractory stainless steels, in particular 310S alloys. The ceramics that can be used are typically concrete made of a refractory material with a high alumina content and a mullite binder or a refractory material with a mullite-zirconia matrix. Preferably, the concrete is fiberized with stainless steel fibers of 20 to 40 mm in length to enhance the microstructure of the concrete and thus the mechanical strength of the concrete. Preferably, the concrete is previously fired at a temperature between 1050 and 1350°C.

[0122] The refractory material of the base block 1 may be the same as or different from the refractory material of the head block 2 .

[0123] Preferably, the base block 1 and the head block 2 are made of concrete, such as those described above.

[0124] Fixtures may include:

[0125] - base anchor 31, and

[0126] - A head anchor 32 which cooperates directly or indirectly with the base anchor 31 to achieve fixation.

[0127] Generally, the material of the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 may be selected from metal alloys (eg, steel), ceramics, titanium or mixtures thereof, in particular steel.

[0128] Among these steels, stainless steel, especially refractory stainless steel, such as AISI310S steel, is particularly suitable for manufacturing the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32. In fact, refractory stainless steel has the advantages of high mechanical strength and good corrosion resistance at high temperatures.

[0129] The materials of the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 may be the same or different.

[0130] The base anchor 31 may be made of multiple pieces of material or a single and identical piece of material, preferably a single and identical piece of material.

[0131] The head anchor 32 may be made from multiple pieces of material or from a single and identical piece of material, and is preferably made from a single and identical piece of material.

[0132] Advantageously, making the head anchor 32 and / or the base anchor 31 from a single and identical piece of material allows improving their resistance to mechanical and thermal stresses that may be exerted on one or more anchors in a rotary kiln.

[0133] According to the first embodiment, Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 cooperate directly to achieve fixation.

[0134] Typically, when the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 cooperate directly, one of the two anchors corresponds to the male part of a fixing system (eg a nut-and-screw system) and the other anchor corresponds to the female part of the fixing system.

[0135] Therefore, according to the first variation of the first embodiment, Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the base anchor 31 may have a hole 311 with a threaded wall and the head anchor 32 may include a rod 321 with a threaded free end.

[0136] The base anchor 31 can be made in a single piece of material with the base block 1. In this case, the hole 311 is realized in the base block 1.

[0137] The foundation block 1 comprises a foundation seat 13 for receiving a foundation anchor 31. Figure 5 As shown, the base groove seat 13 has a shape complementary to that of the base anchor 31 .

[0138] Generally, the base recess 13 may be formed on the contact surface 12 of the base block 1 , in the base block 1 or on the dome back side 11 of the base block 1 .

[0139] When the base recess 13 is formed in the base block 1 or on the dome face 11 , the base block 1 also has a hole 14 which extends from the contact surface 12 to the base recess 13 and opens in the base recess 13 , preferably perpendicularly to the contact surface 12 .

[0140] like Fig.10 and Fig.11As shown, the base anchor 31 may include a straight cylindrical pedestal 312. For example, the pedestal 312 is a column with a polygonal base, such as a triangular base, a square base, a rectangular base, a hexagonal base, and an octagonal base. Generally, the column may have a regular polygonal base. Advantageously, the shape of the column with a polygonal base allows the rotation of the base anchor 31 in the base groove seat 13 to be avoided and thus facilitates its direct cooperation with the head anchor 32 to achieve fixation.

[0141] The base anchor 31 may also include a straight cylindrical rod 313 extending from the seat 312, preferably from the center of the seat 312, always preferably perpendicular to the seat 312, the cross section of the rod 313 being smaller than the cross section of the seat 312 to form a shoulder. The annular surface of the seat 312 around the rod 313 forms a stop 317 and the base seat 13 includes a complementary stop 131, thereby allowing the base anchor 31 to be retained in the base seat 13.

[0142] The hole 311 can be made in the seat 312 only when no post is provided, or in the post 313 or possibly in the seat 312 when a post 313 is provided. The hole 311 can be through-hole or single-eye. The tapped wall of the hole 311 does not have to extend over its entire length.

[0143] The shape of the post 313 is not critical as long as the hole 311 can be formed in the post 313. However, preferably, the post 313 has a cylindrical shape.

[0144] The head anchor 32 may be made of a single piece of material with the head block 2. In this case, the rod 321 extends from the contact surface 22 of the head block 2, preferably perpendicularly to the surface.

[0145] The head anchor 32 can be manufactured separately from the head block 2. In this case, the head block 2 includes a head slot seat 23 for receiving the head anchor 32. Figure 4 As shown, the head recess 23 has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the head anchor 32 .

[0146] Generally, the head groove seat 23 may be formed on the concave ventral surface 21 of the head block 2 , in the head block 2 , or on the contact surface 22 of the head block 2 .

[0147] When the head groove seat 23 is formed in the head block 2 or on the contact surface 22 , the head block 2 also has a hole 24 extending from the concave ventral surface 21 to the head groove seat 23 and opening in the head groove seat 23 , preferably perpendicular to the concave ventral surface 21 .

[0148] Typically, the threaded free end of the rod 321 has a standard pitch selected from 6 mm to 36 mm, in particular selected from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36 mm diameters. Alternatively, the pitch may be specific and may be selected from a circular thread having the above diameters and having a pitch of 1 to 6, in particular 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6.

[0149] like Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the head anchor 32 may include a straight cylindrical base 322, which includes a convex surface 3221 and a concave surface 3222, the two surfaces facing each other. For example, the base 322 is a column with a polygonal base, such as a triangular base, a square base, a rectangular base, a hexagonal base and an octagonal base. Generally, the column can have a regular polygonal base. Advantageously, the base 322 as a column with a polygonal base can be used as a bearing portion for relatively driving the threaded free end of the rod 321 into the hole 311 of the base anchor 31.

[0150] The rod 321 may extend from the convex surface 3221 of the base 322, preferably from the center of the convex surface 3221 of the base 322, always preferably perpendicular to this surface, the cross section of the rod 321 being smaller than the cross section of the base 322. Typically, the transition 327 between the base 322 and the rod 321 may be a shoulder, a truncated cone or a rounded corner.

[0151] Typically, the convex surface 3221 of the base 322 or the transition 327 between the base 322 and the stem 321 may form a stop against the head slot seat 23 .

[0152] Typically, the cross-section of the threaded free end 3211 of the rod 321 may be smaller than the rest of the body of the rod 321. The transition 3212 between the threaded free end 3211 of the rod 321 and the rest of the body of the rod 321 may be a shoulder, a frustoconical shape, or a rounded corner. The transition 3212 may form a second stop against the base anchor 31 or the base block 1 to indicate to the operator when to stop the rotation of the head anchor 32 and thus avoid damaging the threaded free end of the rod 321 in the hole 311.

[0153] Likewise, preferably, the rod 321 is in the shape of a generally straight cylinder with a circular base. When the rod 321 has a free end with a smaller cross-section, the free end of the rod 321 and the rest of the body are preferably in the shape of a generally cylindrical cylinder with a circular base at the same time.

[0154] The head anchor 32 may further include a bearing portion 323 located on the concave ventral surface 3222 of the base 322 for driving the threaded free end of the rod 321 into the hole 311 of the base anchor 31 .

[0155] According to a second variation of the first embodiment, Figure 12 to Figure 14 As shown, the base anchor 31 may include a rod 314 having a threaded free end, and the head anchor 32 may include a hole 324 having a threaded threaded wall 3241 .

[0156] The base anchor 31 may be made of a single piece of material with the base block 1. In this case, the rod 314 extends from the contact surface 12 of the base block 1, preferably perpendicularly thereto.

[0157] The foundation anchor 31 may be manufactured separately from the foundation block 1. In this case, the foundation block 1 comprises a foundation groove seat 13 for receiving the foundation anchor 31. The foundation groove seat 13 is a foundation groove seat as described above in connection with the first variant of the first embodiment.

[0158] The base anchor 31 may include a pedestal 312 as described above in connection with the first variation of the first embodiment.

[0159] The rod 314 extends from the seat 312, preferably from the center of the seat 312, preferably perpendicular to the seat, and the cross section of the rod 314 is smaller than the cross section of the seat 312. By virtue of the cross-sectional difference between the seat 312 and the rod 314, the base anchor 31 has a first stopper around the rod 314 to abut against the wall of the base groove seat 13 and allow the base anchor 31 to be retained in the base groove seat 13. Generally, the stopper can be in the shape of a truncated cone, a flat ring, or a rounded shape.

[0160] Typically, the threaded free end of the rod 314 has a standard pitch selected from a diameter of 6 mm to 36 mm, particularly selected from 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36 mm. Alternatively, the pitch may be specific and may be selected from a circular thread having the above diameters and a pitch of 1 to 6, particularly 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6.

[0161] The head anchor 32 can be made of a single piece of material with the head block 2. In this case, the hole 324 is implemented in the head block 2.

[0162] The head anchor 32 may be manufactured separately from the head block 2. In this case, the head block 2 comprises a head slot seat 23 for receiving the head anchor 32. The head slot seat 23 is a head slot seat as described above in connection with the first variant of the first embodiment.

[0163] The head anchor 32 may include a base 322 in which a hole 324 is formed. Alternatively, the rod 321 may extend from the base 322, in which case the hole 324 is formed in the rod 321 from the free end of the rod 321 and may extend into the base 322. The features of the base 322, the rod 321, and the transition between the rod 321 and the base 322 may be the same as those described with reference to the first variant of the first embodiment.

[0164] Furthermore, as in the first variant of the first embodiment, the cross section of the free end of the rod 321 in which the hole 324 is formed can be smaller than the rest of the body of the rod 321. The transition between the free end and the rest of the body of the rod 321 can be the same as that described with reference to the first embodiment.

[0165] The hole 324 can be through-hole or single-eye. The tapping buckle wall 3241 of the hole 324 does not have to extend on the entire length of the hole 324.

[0166] In both variants of the first embodiment, the head anchor 32 may have two flat portions 325 opposite to each other, which are positioned on the end opposite to the free end of the rod 321 and in particular on the rest of the body of the rod 321, in particular on the end opposite to the free end of the rod 321.

[0167] Advantageously, these two flats 325 constitute a safety device allowing the male part formed by the base and head anchors to be separated from the female part despite the absence of a base 322 in the head anchor 32 due to the breaking of the base 322 .

[0168] According to the second embodiment, Figures 15 to 21 As shown, the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 cooperate indirectly.

[0169] When the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 are indirectly matched, the protruding member of the present invention further includes an intermediate attachment 33 for fixing the base anchor 31 and the head anchor 32 in a detachable manner.

[0170] The base anchor 31 may have the same features as in the first embodiment and will not be described again here.

[0171] In this embodiment, the head anchor 32 comprises a base 322 having an opening 3223 for passing the intermediate attachment 33. The head anchor 32 also comprises a tubular rod 326 extending from the base 322, preferably extending perpendicularly to the base 322 and adapted for passing the intermediate attachment 33 inside thereof. The transition between the base 322 and the tubular rod 326 may be the same as the transition between the base 322 and the rod 321 of the first embodiment described above. The free end of the tubular rod 326 has a flat washer 3261, which is preferably made of a single and identical piece of material with the rest of the tubular rod 326 and even the rest of the head anchor 32.

[0172] The intermediate attachment 33 may include a head 331 .

[0173] The intermediate attachment 33 may also include a rod 332 extending from the head 331, preferably perpendicular to the average plane of the head 331. The features of the head 331 may be the same as the features of the base of the head anchor 32 of the first embodiment. Alternatively, the intermediate attachment 33 includes only the head 331, which may be a bolt to achieve fixation with the threaded end of the rod 314 of the base anchor 31.

[0174] Likewise, the features of the free end of the rod 332 of the intermediate attachment 33 may be identical to the features of the free end of the rod 321 of the head anchor 32 of the first embodiment. The choice between the first or second variant depends on the shape of the base anchor 31 selected.

[0175] The transition between the head 331 and the stem 332 may be the same as the transition between the base 322 and the stem 321 of the head anchor 32 of the first embodiment, but preferably a shoulder or fillet forming a stopper is provided to abut against the flat washer 3261 at the end of the stem 321 of the head anchor 32. Therefore, the size of the hole of the flat washer 3261 is smaller than the size of the hole of the head 331 of the intermediate attachment 33.

[0176] The intermediate attachment 33 may further include a bearing portion 333 positioned on the head portion 331 for driving the intermediate attachment 33 and fixing it to the base anchor 31 .

[0177] In all embodiments, the holding portion 323, 333 is selected from an indentation, an external driving portion or a multiple driving portion, in particular an external driving portion.

[0178] Advantageously, the external drive allows easy fixing and separation of the male and female parts formed by the base and head anchors.

[0179] Typically, the shape of the outer drive portion is selected from a hexagonal shape, a cylindrical shape, and an outer six-lobed shape.

[0180] Typically, the shape of the indentation is selected from the group consisting of a hollow pentaplast, a hollow hexalobate, an inner hexalobate, a cross, a slit, a notch, a square, and a triangle.

[0181] Typically, the shape of the multi-driving portion is selected from a slotted hexagon, a slotted hollow hexa-concave shape, a slotted cross shape, and a slotted hexa-lobed shape.

[0182] Generally, the fixing device may further include an elastic washer 34. The elastic washer 34 is disposed between the intermediate attachment 33 and the head anchor 32, and may prevent the intermediate attachment 33 and the head anchor 32 from rotating relative to each other.

[0183] The invention also relates to a rotary kiln 9 comprising a protruding part as described above, see Fig.23 and 24 .

[0184] Typically, the rotary kiln 9 comprises a kiln carcass 92 and a refractory inner covering. Typically, the refractory inner covering comprises refractory bricks 91 or refractory concrete and a base block 1 as described above of the projecting parts, which serves as a fixing point for a head block 2 as described above of the projecting parts.

[0185] Example

[0186] In France, a rotary kiln for hazardous waste incineration Figure 1 The protrusions shown were tested for 6 months. Worn protrusions can be replaced every 3 months in 2 days without having to damage the inner covering of the rotary kiln.

[0187] Typically, when repairing the bricks of a kiln, the replacement of the protruding parts is accomplished in 8 to 12 days, depending on the size of the kiln, and requires the destruction of the inner covering of the rotary kiln.

[0188] Compared to a rotary kiln in which worn protruding parts were not replaced, the results showed that over the course of the 6-month test:

[0189] - The flow of solid and pasty waste incinerated increased significantly by 15% in 3 months,

[0190] - The quality of the clinker has been significantly improved, with an average TOC of about 350 ppm, thus avoiding the stabilization of the clinker and thus sending it directly to direct storage.

[0191] Other indirect consequences may be observed but have not been precisely quantified so far:

[0192] - Reduction of clinker volume relative to incineration tonnage;

[0193] - Reduce the pressure on the clinker extractor, thus facilitating its maintenance;

[0194] - Reduce the injection rate of liquid waste with high calorific value or fuel (such as oil) for supplementary combustion; - Increase the injection rate of liquid waste with low calorific value.

Claims

1. Projecting parts made of refractory materials for rotary kilns, including: A base block (1) comprising an arch back surface (11) and a contact surface (12) opposite to the arch back surface (11); A head block (2), comprising a concave ventral surface (21) and a contact surface (22) opposite to the concave ventral surface (21); a fixing device for fixing the head block (2) to the base block (1) in a detachable manner, so that after fixing, the contact surface of the base block (1) and the contact surface (22) of the head block (2) are in contact with each other, Wherein, the fixing device comprises: - a base anchor (31), and - a head anchor (32) which cooperates directly or indirectly with said base anchor (31) to achieve said fixation, The foundation block (1) comprises a foundation seat (13) for receiving the foundation anchor (31); wherein the foundation anchor (31) comprises a cylindrical seat (312) having a polygonal base and the foundation seat (13) has a shape complementary to that of the foundation anchor (31).

2. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein: The base block (1) also has a hole (14), which extends from the contact surface (12) of the base block (1) to the base groove seat (13) and opens in the base groove seat (13).

3. The protruding member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The head block (2) comprises a head socket (23) for receiving the head anchor (32).

4. The protruding member according to claim 3, wherein: The head block (2) also has a hole (24), which extends from the contact surface (22) of the head block (2) to the head slot seat (23) and opens in the head slot seat (23).

5. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein The base anchor (31) has a hole (311) with a threaded wall, and the head anchor (32) includes a rod (321) with a threaded free end; or The base anchor (31) comprises a rod (314) with a threaded free end, and the head anchor (32) comprises a hole (324) with a tapped threaded wall (3241).

6. The protruding member according to claim 5, wherein: The rod (321) of the head anchor (32) has two flat portions facing each other at the end opposite to the free end.

7. The protruding member according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein: The head anchor (32) also includes a bearing portion (323) for driving the rod (321, 314) with a threaded free end into the hole (311, 324) with a tapped threaded wall.

8. The protruding member according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate attachment member (33) for detachably fixing the base anchor member (31) and the head anchor member (32).

9. The protruding member according to claim 8, wherein: The intermediate attachment (33) comprises a head (331) and a rod (332), the rod (332) extending from the head (331) and the free end of the rod (332) being threaded, the base anchor (31) having a hole (311) with a tapped wall, which is fixed to the threaded free end of the rod, and the head anchor (32) having an annular stop to retain the head (331) of the intermediate attachment (33); or The intermediate attachment (33) comprises a head (331) and a rod (332), the rod (332) extending from the head (331) and having a hole with a tapped wall at its free end, the base anchor (31) comprising a rod (314) having a threaded free end, which is fixed to the hole with the tapped wall, and the head anchor (32) having an annular stopper (34) to retain the head (331) of the intermediate attachment (33).

10. A rotary kiln comprising the protruding member according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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