A waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for electric vehicles

Abstract

The present invention provides a waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for electric vehicles, comprising a switch SW, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, a MOS tube Q3 and a voltage regulator ZD1; one end of the switch SW is connected to the base end of the triode Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative end of the battery; the collector end of the triode Q1 is respectively connected to the negative end of the voltage regulator ZD1 and the base end of the triode Q2, and the emitter end of the triode Q1 is connected to the negative end of the battery; the collector of the triode Q2 is connected to the positive end of the battery, and the emitter end of the triode Q2 is connected to the negative end of the battery; the gate end of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the collector end of the triode Q2, the source end of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the positive end of the battery, and the drain end of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the negative end of the battery through a controlled component. The present invention meets the functional requirements of waterproof and spark-proof for electric vehicles, and has a simple structure, low cost, and is conducive to a large number of applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular relates to a waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As people's living standards improve, electric vehicles have gradually replaced bicycles and integrated into the lives of grassroots people. While they are convenient, some problems also arise. For example, arcing and sparking occur when the switches that control the headlights and horns are actuated. Over time, the switches fail to function and even cause fires. The main reason is that the switches are directly connected to the main battery circuit, and the voltage and current are relatively large. Another example is that in rainy seasons, water ingress into the switches will cause malfunctions of the controlled components, such as flashing lights and turn signals, honking horns, etc., which bring many inconveniences to users and even safety hazards. The main reason is that water ingress into the switches causes a short circuit between the contacts, resulting in malfunctions of the related control circuits.

[0003] At present, the waterproof treatment of electric vehicle switch circuits is mostly focused on the sealing and waterproof performance of the switch itself. The switch is directly connected in series in the main battery circuit and is subjected to large voltage and current. Therefore, it is urgent to use a waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system to prevent ignition and malfunction. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for an electric vehicle to solve the problem that the electric vehicle has poor waterproof effect and has arcing and ignition problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] A waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for an electric vehicle, comprising a switch SW, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a MOS transistor Q3 and a voltage regulator tube ZD1;

[0007] One end of the switch SW is connected to the base end of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative end of the battery GND;

[0008] The collector terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the base terminal of the transistor Q2 respectively, and the emitter terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery;

[0009] The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal VCC of the battery, and the emitter terminal of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery;

[0010] The gate terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the collector terminal of the triode Q2, the source terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery through a controlled component.

[0011] Furthermore, a resistor R1 is connected between the base terminal of the transistor Q1 and the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1;

[0012] The collector terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 through the resistor R2.

[0013] Furthermore, a resistor R5 and a resistor R4 are connected in series between the collector terminal of the transistor Q2 and the positive terminal of the battery.

[0014] Furthermore, the gate terminal of the MOS tube is connected between the resistor R4 and the resistor R5.

[0015] Furthermore, a resistor R3 is connected between the positive terminal of the battery and the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1.

[0016] Furthermore, the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is grounded.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the waterproof and spark-proof circuit system for electric vehicles described in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The switch SW of the waterproof and spark-proof circuit system of an electric vehicle described in the present invention is processed by a waterproof and spark-proof circuit to filter out the water ingress state of the switch, and its on and off state is controlled by transistors Q1 and Q2 to turn on and off the MOS tube Q3, thereby controlling the speakers, lights and other components at the rear end, effectively solving the problem of circuit waterproofness. The switch can work normally even if it is flooded or even immersed in water; the spark-proof problem of the switch SW is solved by setting a voltage regulator tube ZD1;

[0019] (2) The electric vehicle waterproof and spark-proof circuit system described in the present invention meets the functional requirements of electric vehicles for waterproof and spark-proof, and has a simple structure and low cost, which is conducive to large-scale applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a waterproof and spark-proof circuit system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 The present invention is a circuit diagram of a waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for an electric vehicle headlamp according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0026] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0027] See also Figure 1 As shown, a waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for an electric vehicle includes a switch SW, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a MOS transistor Q3 and a voltage regulator tube ZD1;

[0028] One end of the switch SW is connected to the base end of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative end of the battery GND;

[0029] The collector terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the base terminal of the transistor Q2 respectively, and the emitter terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery;

[0030] The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, the emitter terminal of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery, and the negative terminal GND of the battery is grounded;

[0031] The gate terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the collector terminal of the triode Q2, the source terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery through a controlled component; the switch SW is processed by a waterproof and spark-proof circuit to filter out the water ingress state of the switch SW, and its on and off state is controlled by the triode Q1 and the triode Q2 to control the conduction and disconnection of the MOS tube Q3, thereby controlling the rear-end speakers, lights and other components, effectively solving the waterproof problem of the circuit, and the circuit system can work normally even if the switch SW is flooded or even immersed in water; due to the existence of the voltage regulator tube ZD1, the voltage across the switch SW is less than 5V, and the resistor R1 is selected with an appropriate resistance value, so that the current flowing through the switch SW is less than 1mA, so there is no sparking phenomenon.

[0032] A resistor R1 is connected between the base terminal of the transistor Q1 and the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1;

[0033] The collector terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 through the resistor R2.

[0034] Resistors R5 and R4 are connected in series between the collector terminal of the transistor Q2 and the positive terminal of the battery.

[0035] The gate terminal of the MOS tube is connected between the resistor R4 and the resistor R5.

[0036] The positive terminal of the battery and the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 are connected with a resistor R3.

[0037] The positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is grounded.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, taking the electric vehicle headlight as an example, the switch waterproof and spark-proof circuit system is used as an example. When this solution is implemented:

[0039] Embodiment 1, spark prevention: Since the voltage stabilization value Vzd of the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 is relatively low, the voltage value across the voltage stabilizing diode ZD1 used in this patent application is 5V, so the voltage across the switch SW is less than 5V, and the resistor R1 is selected with an appropriate resistance value, so that the current flowing through the switch SW is less than 1mA, so there is no spark phenomenon.

[0040] Embodiment 2, waterproof: The waterproof and spark-proof circuit system controls the on and off state of the switch SW through the transistors Q1 and Q2 to control the MOS tube Q3 to turn on and off the headlight LAMP; the details are as follows:

[0041] State 1: When the switch SW is closed, the base voltage of the triode Q1 is zero and it is in the cut-off state. The loop composed of the power supply Vzd, the resistor R2, the base-emitter of the diode Q2, and the battery negative terminal GND is conducting, and the diode Q2 is saturated and conducting. At this time, the loop composed of the battery positive terminal VCC, the resistor R4, the resistor R5, the collector-emitter of the diode Q2, and the battery negative terminal GND is conducting. The resistors R4 and R5 are selected with appropriate resistance values so that the voltage VR4 across the resistor R4 is greater than the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) of the MOS transistor Q3, that is, VR4 > Vgs(th), causing the MOS transistor Q3 to conduct and turn on the headlight.

[0042] State 2: When the switch SW is closed and water enters, the operation of the circuit system is the same as that in State 1. The MOS transistor Q3 conducts and turns on the headlight.

[0043] State 3: When the switch SW is opened, the loop composed of the power supply Vzd, the resistor R1, the base-emitter of the diode Q1, and the battery negative terminal GND is conducting, and the triode Q1 is saturated and conducting. The voltage between the collector and emitter of the triode Q1 is approximately zero, that is, the collector voltage of the triode Q1 is approximately zero, and the triode Q2 is in the cut-off state. At this time, the loop composed of the battery positive terminal VCC, the resistor R4, the resistor R5, the collector-emitter of the triode Q2, and the battery negative terminal GND is disconnected. The voltage VR4 across the resistor R4 = 0, which is less than the gate threshold voltage Vgs(th) of the MOS transistor Q3, that is, VR4 < Vgs(th), and the MOS transistor Q3 is turned off, and the headlight goes out.

[0044] State 4: When the switch SW is opened and water enters, due to the relatively large water body resistance Rw, the voltage value at the base of the triode Q1 after the power supply Vzd is divided by the resistor R1 and the water body resistance Rw is greater than its base-emitter voltage (about 0.6V). Therefore, the loop composed of the power supply Vzd, the resistor R1, the base-emitter of the triode Q1, and the battery negative terminal GND is conducting, the triode Q1 is saturated and conducting, the triode Q2 is in the cut-off state, the MOS transistor Q3 is turned off, and the headlight goes out, which is the same as State 3, that is, the expected waterproof effect is achieved.

[0045] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for an electric vehicle, characterized in that: It includes a switch SW, a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2, a MOS tube Q3 and a voltage regulator tube ZD1; One end of the switch SW is connected to the base end of the transistor Q1, and the other end is connected to the negative end of the battery GND; The collector terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the base terminal of the transistor Q2 respectively, and the emitter terminal of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery; The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal VCC of the battery, and the emitter terminal of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery; The gate terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the collector terminal of the triode Q2, the source terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain terminal of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the negative terminal GND of the battery through a controlled component; A resistor R1 is connected between the base terminal of the transistor Q1 and the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1; The collector terminal of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative terminal of voltage regulator tube ZD1 through resistor R2; Resistors R5 and R4 are connected in series between the collector terminal of the transistor Q2 and the positive terminal of the battery.

2. The waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gate terminal of the MOS tube is connected between the resistor R4 and the resistor R5.

3. The waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive terminal of the battery and the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 are connected with a resistor R3.

4. The waterproof and spark-proof switch circuit system for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is grounded.

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