An intelligent perception small rock drill system and evaluation method for rock mass quality

Abstract

The present invention relates to a small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system and an evaluation method. The small drilling rig system includes a drilling rig body, on which a power system for providing drilling and rotation for the drilling rig is provided; at the bottom of the drilling rig body, there is a walking and shifting device for controlling the movement and fixation of the drilling rig; before leaving the factory, a parameter acquisition and monitoring system capable of reflecting the parameters during drilling is arranged inside and on the surface of the drilling rig body; the control system is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system, is arranged on the drilling rig body, is equipped with intelligent analysis software, and is provided with a man-machine operation interface. The present invention is designed and processed based on the response law of the rock mass quality during the drilling process, and provides an evaluation method for obtaining the physical and mechanical properties of rocks and geological structure characteristics based on the drilling engineering parameters, avoiding the disadvantages of long period and high cost in the previous processes such as rock sampling, packaging, and sending to the laboratory for testing, and the test results are more timely and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of drilling rig systems and underground space precision detection technology, and more specifically to a small drilling rig system and an evaluation method for effectively acquiring drilling machinery parameters and evaluating rock mass quality, which can be widely used in engineering survey fields such as tunnels, water conservancy and hydropower, road transportation, and mines. Background Art

[0002] The physical and mechanical parameters and structural characteristics of rock and soil are the basic basis for surrounding rock classification, stability analysis and support design of underground engineering. However, it is very difficult to accurately obtain these parameters because the underground rock and soil is a very complex and invisible three-dimensional space. The current testing method is to drill samples on site and test the physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil in the laboratory. This process is time-consuming, costly, and the authenticity of the measured parameters is low. The results obtained are difficult to reflect the physical and mechanical parameters and structural characteristics of rock and soil in the real environment. Digital drilling is considered to be a direct and effective means to solve the problem of obtaining the physical and mechanical parameters of rock and soil and accurately detecting the quality of rock mass. The drilling rig equipped with high-precision sensors can record and transmit the information of the drilling condition of the drilling rig in real time, and invert the mechanical parameters and structural characteristics of the rock mass through the changes in the working state of the drilling rig. In order to better explain the response relationship between the mechanical parameters of the drilling rig and the quality characteristics of the rock mass, it is necessary to study it through field tests, indoor tests, numerical simulations and other means. Some related studies have been carried out on digital drilling devices, but very few studies are aimed at small drilling rigs, and they have not given a more systematic and accurate conclusion on the response behavior of the mechanical parameters of the drilling rig under different rock mass conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a small drilling system to detect the quality of rock and soil while drilling. Summary of the invention

[0003] To this end, one purpose of the present invention is to propose a small drilling rig system for intelligently sensing rock quality. There are few studies on the current integrated small drilling rigs for sensing rock and soil quality, and it is difficult to obtain the characteristic parameters and geological structure characteristics of the rock and soil. A small drilling rig system for intelligently sensing and real-time evaluation of rock and soil quality is provided.

[0004] The present invention provides a small drilling rig system for intelligently sensing rock mass quality, comprising:

[0005] The drilling rig body is provided with a power system for drilling and rotating the drilling rig;

[0006] A travel and displacement device, the bottom of the drilling rig body is provided with a travel and displacement device for controlling the movement and fixation of the drilling rig;

[0007] Parameter collection and monitoring system: Before the drilling rig leaves the factory, a parameter collection and monitoring system that can reflect the drilling parameters is installed inside and on the surface of the drilling rig.

[0008] A control system, which is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system, is installed on the drilling rig body, equipped with intelligent analysis software, and has a man-machine operation interface.

[0009] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system, which can realize the organic combination of the drilling rig and the drilling process monitoring system, and can continuously and completely record the power and motion state of the drilling rig. In the past, the drilling process monitoring system and the drilling rig were separated, and it was difficult to accurately reflect the mechanical parameters of the key parts of the drilling rig during the actual drilling process.

[0010] Further, the power system adopts a hydraulic system to provide power for the drilling process and also for the walking and shifting device, realizing the movement in the drilling direction and the overall movement of the drilling rig body.

[0011] Further, the control system includes a joystick device and a display control system. The joystick device is used to control the drilling, rotation, and reverse operations of the drilling rig body and has an emergency stop function; the display control system is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system and displays the data information collected by the parameter acquisition and monitoring system in real time.

[0012] Further, the parameter acquisition and monitoring system includes displacement sensors, rotational speed sensors, torque sensors, pressure sensors, and oil pressure sensors installed inside and on the surface of the drilling rig body.

[0013] Further, the walking and shifting device adopts a crawler-type walking device.

[0014] Further, the macroscopic dimensions of the drilling rig body are 0.8 m X 0.5 m X 1 m, and the drilling capacity is 2 m.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method based on the above small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system, including the following steps:

[0016] S1. Combine the existing geological data of the formation, analyze and sort out the monitoring data of the parameters while drilling collected during the drilling process of the drilling rig body to obtain the parameters while drilling at the drilling depth;

[0017] S2. Obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass and their corresponding geological structure characteristics based on the drill core of the borehole;

[0018] S3. Based on the parameters while drilling obtained in S1 and the physical and mechanical parameters and structural characteristics of the rock and soil mass obtained in S2, establish a model between the drilling response parameters and the rock property parameters by using the software calculation method and the statistical regression method, and further verify and modify the model by using the numerical simulation method to determine the identification model of the rock and soil mass characteristic parameters based on the parameters while drilling;

[0019] S4. Based on the rock and soil characteristic parameter identification model obtained in S3, determine the different rock strata types and structural characteristics of the drilled strata, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation and classification of the engineering geological conditions of the site area.

[0020] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an evaluation method based on the above-mentioned rock quality intelligent perception small drilling rig system. The method of the present invention is aimed at the drilling test technology, filling the gap in the existing rock and soil quality intelligent perception devices, and solving the problems of previous indoor tests and in-situ tests with long cycles, poor results, and difficulty in reflecting the actual rock and soil quality.

[0021] Furthermore, the drilling parameters in S1 include torque, oil pressure, drilling pressure, rotation speed, footage speed, vibration signal of the drill pipe and stress wave characteristics.

[0022] Furthermore, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass in S2 include: uniaxial compressive strength, hardness, abrasiveness, tensile strength, shear strength, cohesion, brittleness index, friction angle and water content.

[0023] Furthermore, the geological structural characteristics in S2 are obtained by describing the on-site drilling conditions and the obtained rock cores, or by using borehole television to restore the geological structural characteristics in the borehole to obtain the length, width and occurrence information of the fractures on the structural surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the structure of a small drilling rig system for intelligently sensing rock mass quality provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing shows a schematic diagram of the oil pressure sensor arrangement position;

[0027] Figure 3 The accompanying drawings show a displacement sensor;

[0028] Figure 4 The accompanying drawing shows a connection diagram of an integrated sensor (three-dimensional sensor);

[0029] In the figure:

[0030] Displacement sensor, 2 - 3D sensor, 3 - Mud pit, 4 - Mud pump, 5 - Mud tank, 6 - Hydraulic cylinder, 7 - Drill pipe, 8 - Crawler, 9 - Oil pressure sensor. Detailed implementation

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention disclose a small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system, including: a drilling rig body, on which a power system for providing drilling and rotation for the drilling rig is provided; a walking and shifting device, at the bottom of the drilling rig body, there is a walking and shifting device for controlling the movement and fixation of the drilling rig; a parameter acquisition and monitoring system, before leaving the factory, a parameter acquisition and monitoring system capable of reflecting the parameters during drilling is provided inside and on the surface of the drilling rig body; a control system, the control system is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system, is provided on the drilling rig body, is equipped with intelligent analysis software, and has a human - machine operation interface.

[0033] See the appendix Figure 1 , the macroscopic size of the drilling rig body of the present invention is 0.8 m × 0.5 m × 1 m, and the drilling ability is 2 m. The drilling rig body mainly includes a drill pipe 7, a mud pit 3, a mud pump 4, a mud tank 5, and the walking and shifting device adopts a crawler 8; most of the operations of the drilling rig body are provided with axial force by a hydraulic device, and the power for providing the torque of the drill pipe comes from an electric motor; a displacement sensor 1, a 3D sensor 2, and an oil pressure sensor 9 are installed inside the drilling rig body; the installation position of the sensor should be selected at the key parts that can characterize the movement and power state of the drilling rig, and at the same time does not affect the layout of the entire structure of the drilling rig.

[0034] The structural schematic diagram of the oil pressure sensor 9 is shown in Figure 2 , oil pressure sensors are arranged at both the oil inlet and the oil outlet; the oil pressure sensor is connected to the inlet and outlet pipelines by a tee, and the oil pressure directly acts on the diaphragm of the oil pressure sensor, causing the diaphragm to generate a micro - displacement proportional to the pressure medium, causing the resistance of the oil pressure sensor to change, and measuring the magnitude of the pressure by monitoring this change.

[0035] The structural schematic diagram of the displacement sensor 1 is shown in Figure 3 , the mechanical displacement is corresponded to the resistance signal, and the displacement information is characterized by the resistance signal; the displacement sensor is composed of a main structure and a spring, and the function of the spring is to restore the main structure of the sensor to the initial position; the displacement sensor is installed beside the hydraulic cylinder.

[0036] In the present invention, the three parameters of the drill pipe, namely torque, rotational speed, and axial pressure, are concentrated in the same sensor to form a three-dimensional sensor 2. The schematic diagram of the relationship is shown in Figure 4 ; The three-dimensional sensor is installed at the chuck part of the drill rig. This part is the concentrated part of torque and power transmission. The three-dimensional sensor measures various parameters during the drilling process, reducing the number of sensor arrangements and optimizing the test steps and processes.

[0037] The data collected by the above sensors is centralized into the data recorder of the control system through a circuit. The resistance / voltage data collected by the sensors is converted into binary data and stored in the memory of the control system; a real-time monitoring software for data display and analysis is installed in the control system, which can display and replay multi-channel data in real time in various forms such as numbers and curves. The data controller will control the execution component to prompt or alarm when the data exceeds the set threshold; at the same time, with the help of artificial intelligence algorithms, the working state of the drill rig is adjusted in real time according to the changes in the collected engineering parameter data, and the construction parameters of the drill rig are optimized.

[0038] The parameter acquisition and monitoring system for the working state of the drill rig includes displacement sensors, rotational speed sensors, torque sensors, pressure sensors, and oil pressure sensors installed inside and on the surface of the drill rig body. When designing the structure of the drill rig, it is fully considered to achieve an organic combination with the drill rig structure, avoiding later transformation on the finished drill rig, and the data monitored by the sensors can better represent the real working state of the drill rig.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the power system adopts a hydraulic system to provide power for the drilling process and also for the walking and shifting device, realizing the movement in the drilling direction and the overall movement of the drill rig body.

[0040] The control system includes a joystick device and a display control system. The joystick device is used to control the drilling, rotation, and reverse operations of the drill rig body and has an emergency stop function; the display control system is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system and displays the data information collected by the parameter acquisition and monitoring system in real time.

[0041] An evaluation method for a small drill rig system based on intelligent perception of rock mass quality provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Combining the existing geological data of the formation, analyzing and sorting out the monitoring data of the parameters while drilling collected during the drilling process of the drill rig body to obtain the parameters while drilling at the drilling depth;

[0043] S2. Obtaining the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass and their corresponding geological structure characteristics from the borehole core; such as the fragmentation situation of the rock mass and the development characteristics of the fissures;

[0044] S3. Based on the downhole parameters at the drilling depths obtained in S1, and the physical and mechanical parameters and structural characteristics of the rock and soil mass obtained in S2, establish a model between the drilling response parameters and the rock property parameters using the software calculation method and the statistical regression method, and further verify and modify the model using the numerical simulation method to determine the identification model of the rock and soil mass property parameters based on the downhole parameters.

[0045] S4. According to the identification model of the rock and soil mass property parameters obtained in S3, determine the different rock strata categories and structural characteristics of the drilling formation, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation and grading of the engineering geological conditions in the site area.

[0046] Since the original downhole parameters do not correspond well with the drilling depth, and due to the complex drilling operation methods and formation structures, there are generally errors in the corresponding relationship, and certain corrections need to be made according to the real-time conditions during the drilling process to reduce the deviation of formation restoration; corrections can be made by optimizing the construction operation and combining auxiliary means such as borehole television.

[0047] The physical and mechanical conditions of the rock and soil mass are mainly based on uniaxial compressive strength, hardness, and abrasion tests. These parameters can provide a basic judgment on the geological conditions in the site area and certain technical references for the selection of construction equipment in the site area; among them, the rock abrasion index is of great significance for guiding the selection of TBM construction parameters and the cutterhead layout method, and can be used to evaluate the wear of the rolling cutter by the formation.

[0048] Or it should also include parameters such as the tensile strength, shear strength, cohesion, brittleness index, friction angle, water content, and mineral composition of the rock and soil mass.

[0049] The acquisition of the geological body structure characteristics can be described based on the on-site borehole conditions and the cores obtained therefrom, or methods such as borehole television can be used to restore the geological structure characteristics in the borehole to obtain information such as the fracture length, width, and occurrence of the structural plane.

[0050] Or it should also include the weathering degree of the geological structure body, identify the weathering situation of the geological structure body, and divide it into various weathering degree levels such as unweathered, slightly weathered, moderately weathered, strongly weathered, and completely weathered. It also includes the integrity degree of the geological body, and conducts a semi-quantitative evaluation of the integrity degree of the structure body.

[0051] The obtained downhole parameters include torque, oil pressure, drilling pressure, rotational speed, penetration rate, etc.; or it should also include the vibration signal and stress wave characteristics of the drill pipe.

[0052] Based on the obtained parameters while drilling, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass, and the geological structure characteristics, a model between the drilling response parameters and the rock property parameters is established by using the software calculation method and the statistical regression method, and the numerical simulation method is used to further verify and modify the model. The method for obtaining the physical and mechanical parameters and the structural characteristics of the rock and soil mass according to the drilling response parameters is as follows:

[0053] A: Based on the parameters while drilling, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass are obtained through the physical and mechanical inversion model of the rock and soil mass; the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass mainly include the uniaxial compressive strength, hardness, abrasiveness, etc. of the rock; the physical and mechanical inversion model of the rock and soil mass is a database of different formation parameters obtained through a large number of monitoring tests while drilling and tests on the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass in the early stage. Combining the existing parameter database of the formation, the monitoring data while drilling collected during the drilling process are analyzed and sorted to obtain the parameters while drilling at the drilling depth;

[0054] B: By analyzing the rock-breaking mechanism of the rock, based on different drill bits, the corresponding rock-breaking theories and models are established, the mathematical relationship between the drilling rock-breaking theory and the parameters while drilling is determined, and then the physical and mechanical parameter inversion model of the rock and soil mass is established.

[0055] C: The relationship between the parameters while drilling and the geological structure characteristics is established through the energy analysis method (software calculation method) and the statistical regression method, the development of rock mass fissures, the weathering degree and the integrity degree are evaluated, and different formation areas are determined; and the geological structure feature recognition model is further verified by combining the in-hole data obtained by the borehole television.

[0056] D: According to the obtained distribution characteristics of the compressive strength, hardness, abrasiveness and geological structure distribution characteristics, etc. along the drilling depth direction, the distribution of the quality attributes of different formations in the borehole and the typical parameter prominent change sections are determined, and the geological conditions exposed by the borehole are verified and clarified.

[0057] E: The geological conditions of different strata in the site area can be connected, and a map of the quality distribution of the rock and soil mass in the entire site area can be obtained based on the drilling response parameters.

[0058] The model established by the present invention focuses on the physical and mechanical parameters such as the compressive strength, hardness, abrasiveness, etc. of the rock and the geological structure characteristics, and further includes environmental characteristic parameters such as stress, temperature, electric property, radioactivity, etc., forming a complete and detailed engineering geological investigation and evaluation system and grading standard, serving the construction of various engineering fields, and having good social, economic and ecological benefits.

[0059] For the content not specifically mentioned in the above solutions, the prior art is selected for implementation.

[0060] The present invention is directed to the technology of measurement while drilling, solving the blank of the existing intelligent perception device for the quality of rock and soil masses, and addressing the disadvantages of long cycle, poor effect, and difficulty in reflecting the actual quality of rock and soil masses in previous laboratory tests and in-situ tests. The present invention has the following advantageous features: 1. It can achieve the organic combination of the drilling rig and the drilling process monitoring system, and can continuously and completely record the power and motion state of the drilling rig. In the past, the drilling process monitoring system and the drilling rig were separated, making it difficult to accurately reflect the mechanical parameters of the key parts of the drilling rig during the actual drilling process. 2. This intelligent perception small drilling rig is small in size, convenient to carry, and can achieve automatic control of the drilling rig and dynamic feedback of geological information. 3. It is difficult to obtain core samples from broken geological bodies at the drilling site, but the present invention can directly obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of in-situ rock and soil masses. 4. The present invention has established the relationship between the drilling response parameters and the abrasiveness of rock masses, which can provide important references for the material selection of mechanical equipment and the determination of construction parameters.

[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system, characterized in that, it includes: A drilling rig body, on which a power system is provided to provide drilling and rotation power for the drilling rig; A walking and shifting device, at the bottom of the drilling rig body, there is a walking and shifting device for controlling the movement and fixing of the drilling rig; A parameter acquisition and monitoring system, before leaving the factory, a parameter acquisition and monitoring system capable of reflecting the parameters during drilling is set inside and on the surface of the drilling rig body; A control system, the control system is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system, it is set on the drilling rig body, equipped with intelligent analysis software, and has a man-machine operation interface; Among them, the power system adopts a hydraulic system to provide power for the drilling process, and at the same time provides power for the walking and shifting device to realize the movement in the drilling direction and the overall movement of the drilling rig body; The parameter acquisition and monitoring system includes an oil pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and a three-dimensional sensor installed inside the drilling rig body; Oil pressure sensors are arranged at both the oil inlet and the oil outlet; the oil pressure sensor is connected to the inlet and outlet pipelines by a tee, and the oil pressure directly acts on the diaphragm of the oil pressure sensor, causing the diaphragm to generate a micro-displacement proportional to the pressure medium, causing the resistance of the oil pressure sensor to change, and measuring the magnitude of the pressure by monitoring this change; The displacement sensor is installed beside the hydraulic cylinder, corresponding the mechanical displacement to the resistance signal, and characterizing the displacement information through the resistance signal; The three parameters of the torque, rotation speed, and axial pressure of the drill pipe are concentrated in the same sensor to form a three-dimensional sensor, and the three-dimensional sensor is installed at the chuck part of the drilling rig, which is the concentrated part of torque and power transmission.

2. A small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system includes a joystick device and a display screen control system. The joystick device is used to control the drilling, rotation, and reverse operations of the drilling rig body and has an emergency stop function; the display screen control system is connected to the parameter acquisition and monitoring system and displays the data information collected by the parameter acquisition and monitoring system in real time.

3. A small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The walking and shifting device adopts a crawler-type walking device.

4. A small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The macroscopic size of the drilling rig body is 0.8 m X 0.5 m X 1 m, and the drilling ability is 2 m.

5. An evaluation method for a small rock mass quality intelligent perception drilling rig system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, it includes the following steps: S1. Combining the existing geological data of the formation, analyzing and sorting out the monitoring data of the parameters during drilling collected by the drilling rig body to obtain the parameters during drilling at the drilling depth; S2. Obtaining the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass and their corresponding geological structure characteristics according to the drill core of the borehole; S3. Based on the downhole parameters obtained in S1 at the drilling depth and the physical and mechanical parameters and structural characteristics of the rock and soil mass obtained in S2, establish a model between the drilling response parameters and the rock property parameters by using the software calculation method and the statistical regression method, and further verify and modify the model by using the numerical simulation method to determine the identification model of the rock and soil mass property parameters based on the downhole parameters; S4. According to the identification model of the rock and soil mass property parameters obtained in S3, determine the different rock stratum categories and structural characteristics of the drilling formation, and comprehensively evaluate and classify the engineering geological conditions of the site area.

6. An evaluation method for a small drilling rig system based on intelligent perception of rock mass quality according to claim 5, characterized in that, the downhole parameters in S1 include torque, oil pressure, drill pressure, rotational speed, penetration rate, vibration signal of the drill pipe and stress wave characteristics.

7. An evaluation method for a small drilling rig system based on intelligent perception of rock mass quality according to claim 5, characterized in that, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and soil mass in S2 include: uniaxial compressive strength, hardness, abrasiveness, tensile strength, shear strength, cohesion, brittleness index, friction angle and water content.

8. An evaluation method for a small drilling rig system based on intelligent perception of rock mass quality according to claim 5, characterized in that, the acquisition of the geological structure characteristics in S2 is described based on the on-site drilling conditions and the cores obtained therefrom, or the geological structure characteristics in the borehole are restored by using a borehole camera to obtain the fracture length, width and occurrence information of the structural plane.

Images