A processing device and method for a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear

Abstract

A processing device for a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear of the present invention is used for processing a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear, and includes a cutting mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The cutting mechanism includes a tool, a sliding component and a slide rail. A tool fixing plate is arranged on the sliding component, and a plurality of tools are installed on the tool fixing plate. The sliding component is slidably connected to the slide rail. The whole slide rail is in an arc shape. The sliding component is connected to a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the sliding component to perform a uniform reciprocating motion along the slide rail. The tool can be adjusted along the radial direction of the slide rail on the tool fixing plate. The clamping mechanism clamps a gear blank, and the clamping mechanism drives the gear blank to rotate and simultaneously drives the gear blank to perform a tangential feeding motion. The processing device of the present invention can realize the industrial application of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear, improve the processing accuracy and processing efficiency, and reduce the input cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machining, and in particular to a machining device and method for a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear. Background Art

[0002] Since the appearance of the circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a large number of studies on it. However, due to different machining methods and tool types, the geometric characteristics and meshing characteristics of the corresponding circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears are also different. When machining a circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear with equal circumferential thickness in the prior art, the cutting blade is fixed on the tool holder, and the normal direction of the working base surface of the cutting blade is always kept unchanged during the rotation process. The circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear machined by this translation method has equal tooth thickness everywhere, and the tooth profiles of all cross-sections are involutes. The gear pair composed of such gears is always in convex-to-convex contact and line contact during transmission, and is very sensitive to installation errors. Problems such as eccentric loading or jamming may occur during actual application, and it cannot meet high-precision application scenarios.

[0003] The variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear is a new type of gear that can meet the requirements of heavy load and high precision. As Figure 1-2 shown, its tooth line is a spatial circular arc line in the tooth width direction, the tooth profile of the middle cross-section is an involute, and the tooth profiles of the remaining cross-sections are the envelopes of a uniformly varying hyperbola family. The circumferential tooth thickness of the gear is not equal, and it changes uniformly symmetrically along the middle cross-section. Compared with helical gears and the circular arc gears mentioned in the above patents, the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear has no axial thrust, has a lower sensitivity to installation errors, and has a stronger load-bearing capacity.

[0004] For the machining of variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears, there is currently no record of such a new gear machining method. In the early days, using high-end CNC machine tools for machining was a typical approximate machining, mainly using interpolation for corresponding manufacturing, so there is a principle error. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above technical problems, the machining device and method for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears proposed by the present invention can conveniently and accurately machine variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears, and solve the problem of difficult large-scale industrial application of such gears.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a device for processing cylindrical gears with variable hyperbolic arc tooth lines, which is used to process cylindrical gears with variable hyperbolic arc tooth lines, including a cutting mechanism and a clamping mechanism, the cutting mechanism including a tool, a sliding assembly and a slide rail, the sliding assembly is provided with a tool fixing plate, there are multiple tools, and the multiple tools are installed on the tool fixing plate, the sliding assembly is slidably connected to the slide rail, the slide rail is generally arc-shaped, the sliding assembly is connected to the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism drives the sliding assembly to realize uniform reciprocating motion along the slide rail, the tool can be adjusted along the radial direction of the slide rail on the tool fixing plate, the clamping mechanism is clamped with a gear blank, the clamping mechanism drives the gear blank to rotate, and at the same time drives the gear blank to realize tangential feed motion.

[0007] Furthermore, multiple sets of sliding components are installed on the track, and the multiple sets of sliding components can achieve synchronous movement, and multiple sets of cutting tools can be installed at the same time to improve processing efficiency;

[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of rolling elements are provided on the side or bottom surface of the sliding assembly, and the plurality of rolling elements are in contact with the slide rail to achieve rolling friction, thereby ensuring unobstructed movement of the sliding assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the slide rail has a slide groove, and the slide component is slidably arranged in the slide groove. The slide component is arranged in the slide groove to better ensure that the tool runs according to a predetermined motion trajectory.

[0010] Furthermore, a groove 1 is provided on the side wall of the slide groove, and the sliding assembly further has a retaining frame. The rolling element is provided on the retaining frame, and the rolling element is in rolling contact with the groove 1.

[0011] Furthermore, the rolling element is a ball or a cylindrical roller.

[0012] Furthermore, the tool is a toothed metal tool or a grinding wheel.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side of the sliding mechanism.

[0014] A method for machining a cylindrical gear with a variable hyperbolic arc tooth line is also provided, using the aforementioned machining device, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0015] Step 1: Adjust the clamping mechanism according to the size of the gear blank and other relevant parameters so that the clamping mechanism completes the clamping of the gear blank;

[0016] Step 2: Fix the tool on the sliding assembly according to the tooth line radius of the gear, and adjust the distance between the gear blank and the tool according to the size of the tooth line radius;

[0017] Step 3: Start the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism drives the sliding component to make reciprocating motion on the slide rail. The cutting mechanism with the tool does not need to rotate a full circle, has a small moment of inertia, reduces the driving force, and the requirements for the driving mechanism can be appropriately reduced;

[0018] Step 4: The clamping mechanism drives the gear blank to rotate along its axis and feed at a certain feed speed. At the same time, turn on the cooling device to start machining one tooth of the gear;

[0019] Step 5: After the tool completes the machining of one tooth according to the above relative motion relationship, the gear blank returns to the reference point on the gear blank clamping mechanism, and then is directly indexed to the angle of the next tooth to start the machining of the next tooth until all teeth are machined;

[0020] In addition, in Step 5, let the feed speed be V1, the pitch circle radius of the gear to be machined be r, and the rotational angular velocity of the gear blank be ω1. Then there is a relative motion relationship: V1 = ω1·r.

[0021] Furthermore, after all teeth are machined, use a grinding wheel to finish machine the gear to obtain a higher tooth surface accuracy.

[0022] The technical effect of the present invention compared with the prior art is as follows: By arranging the sliding component in the chute, the present invention drives the tool to achieve reciprocating circular arc motion to meet the gear machining of a series of products with different specifications. Ball bearings are installed on the sliding component to ensure unobstructed movement of the sliding component; at the same time, multiple sliding components can be installed in the chute, and multiple tools are installed on each sliding component to improve the machining efficiency; the tool fixing plate makes reciprocating circular arc motion within a certain range driven by the driving mechanism without rotating a full circle. The entire tool installation structure has a small moment of inertia, reducing the requirements for the driving motor; at the same time, the position of the tool on the tool installation plate can be adjusted according to actual needs. In addition to increasing the cutting efficiency, it can also meet the requirements of gears with different tooth line radii; during machining, it is designed strictly according to the meshing principle to avoid principle errors; the present invention can promote the industrial application of variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears, greatly reducing the machining cost and improving the machining accuracy and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art. Obviously, the following described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is an axonometric view of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Front view of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Axonometric view of the processing device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Front view of the processing device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Right view of the processing device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Axonometric view of the cutting mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 Top view of the cutting mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A - A sectional view;

[0032] Figure 9 Right view of the processing device of another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 Sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Tooth blank, 2. Sliding assembly, 3. Slide rail, 4. Driving mechanism, 5. Tool, 6. Rolling element, 7. Cage, 8. Tool fixing plate, 9. Chute, 10. First groove, 11. Second groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0037] The present invention is implemented as follows: As Figure 3-8As shown in the figure, a processing device for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears is used to process variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears, including a cutting mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The cutting mechanism includes a tool 5, a sliding component 2 and a slide rail 3. There are multiple tools 5, and the tools 5 are special tools customized according to the meshing principle. A tool fixing plate 8 is arranged on the sliding component 2, and the multiple tools 5 are installed on the tool fixing plate 8. The sliding component 2 is slidably connected to the slide rail 3. The slide rail 3 is integrally arc-shaped. The sliding component 2 is connected to a driving mechanism 4, and the driving mechanism 4 drives the sliding component 2 to perform uniform reciprocating motion along the slide rail 3;

[0038] The tool 5 can be adjusted along the radial direction of the slide rail 3 on the tool fixing plate 8. Specifically, it can be adjusted according to the tooth line radius of the processed gear. Among them, the tool 5 can be installed on the tool fixing plate 8 by means of a slider and a pressing plate. When adjustment is needed, loosen the fastening device between the tool 5 and the tool fixing plate 8, push the tool 5 to move on the tool fixing plate 8, and then fix the tool 5 on the tool fixing plate 8 through a fastener when it moves to the preset position. Preferably, a scale can also be set on the tool fixing plate 8 to facilitate determining the adjustment amount of the tool 5.

[0039] Among them, the rotational radius of the tool 5 is equal to the tooth line radius, and the position of the tool 5 on the tool fixing plate 8 is determined according to the tooth line radius of the processed gear;

[0040] The clamping mechanism is used to clamp the blank 1. The clamping mechanism has a blank indexing module. The clamping mechanism drives the blank 1 to rotate and simultaneously drives the blank 1 to perform tangential feed motion.

[0041] Furthermore, multiple groups of sliding components 2 are installed on the track 3, and synchronous motion can be achieved between the multiple groups of sliding components 2. By installing multiple groups of tools at the same time, the number of tools participating in cutting within a single motion cycle can be increased, that is, the processing efficiency can be improved without changing the reciprocating motion frequency of the driving mechanism 4.

[0042] Furthermore, multiple rolling elements 6 are arranged on the side surface of the sliding component 2. Preferably, two rolling elements 6 are arranged on each side. The multiple rolling elements 6 are in contact with the slide rail 3 to achieve rolling friction, ensuring unobstructed movement of the sliding component 2.

[0043] Furthermore, the slide rail 3 has a chute 9, and the sliding component 2 is slidably arranged in the chute 9. Arranging the sliding component 2 in the chute 9 can better ensure that the tool runs along the predetermined motion trajectory.

[0044] Further, the arc length of the slide rail 3 is between a quarter circle arc and a half circle arc, as long as the effective movement stroke of the sliding assembly 2 can be ensured. A first groove 10 is provided on the side wall of the chute 9. The sliding assembly 2 further has a cage 7, and a second groove 11 is provided on the cage 7. The rolling elements 6 are arranged in the second groove 11 of the cage 7, and the rolling elements 6 are in rolling contact with the first groove 10.

[0045] Further, the rolling elements 6 are balls or cylindrical rollers, which can significantly reduce the friction between the sliding assembly 2 and the chute 9 and ensure the motion response of the sliding assembly 2.

[0046] Further, the cutting tool 5 is a toothed metal cutting tool. Preferably, the toothed metal cutting tool can be replaced with a grinding wheel to perform finish machining on the gear, improve the tooth surface accuracy, and meet higher application requirements.

[0047] Further, the drive mechanism 4 can specifically be a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side of the sliding mechanism 2. When there is only one set of sliding assemblies 2, hydraulic cylinders are provided on both sides of the sliding assembly 2 in the movement direction. When there are multiple sets of sliding assemblies 2, hydraulic cylinders are only provided on both sides of the movement direction of the sliding assemblies 2 at both ends.

[0048] The present invention also provides another installation method of the slider assembly 2 in the chute 9. As Figure 9-10 shown, a plurality of rolling elements 6 are provided on the bottom surface of the sliding assembly 2, preferably four rolling elements 6 are evenly distributed at the bottom. The plurality of rolling elements 6 are in contact with the slide rail 3 to achieve rolling friction and ensure unimpeded movement of the sliding assembly 2.

[0049] The present invention also provides a processing method for a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear, which uses the aforementioned processing device. The specific steps are as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Adjust the clamping mechanism according to relevant parameters such as the size of the blank 1 so that the clamping mechanism completes the clamping of the blank 1.

[0051] Step 2: Fix the cutting tool 5 on the sliding assembly 2 according to the tooth line radius of the gear, and adjust the distance between the blank 1 and the cutting tool 5 according to the size of the tooth line radius.

[0052] Step 3: Start the drive mechanism 4. The drive mechanism 4 drives the sliding assembly 2 to reciprocate on the slide rail 3. The cutting device with the cutting tool 5 does not need to rotate a full circle, has a small moment of inertia, reduces the driving force, and the requirements for the drive mechanism can be appropriately reduced.

[0053] Step 4: The clamping mechanism drives the blank 1 to rotate along its axis and feed at a certain feed rate. At the same time, turn on the cooling device to start machining one tooth of the gear.

[0054] Step 5: After the cutter 5 completes the machining of one tooth according to the above relative motion relationship, the blank 1 returns to the reference point on the blank clamping mechanism, and then is directly indexed to the angle of the next tooth until all the teeth are machined, avoiding the cumulative error of continuous indexing.

[0055] In further Step 5, assuming the feed speed is V1, the pitch circle radius of the gear to be machined is r, and the rotational angular velocity of the blank is ω1, then there is a relative motion relationship: V1 = ω1·r.

[0056] According to the above steps, the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear 1 can be machined by the meshing between the cutter 5 and the blank according to the above motion relationship. The tooth profile is a space circular arc line in the tooth width direction, the tooth profile of the middle section is an involute, and the tooth profiles of the other sections are the envelopes of a uniformly changing hyperbola family. The circumferential tooth thickness S t of the gear is unequal and changes uniformly symmetrically along the middle section; the normal tooth thickness S n of the gear is equal everywhere, and the normal tooth space width of the gear is also equal.

[0057] Preferably, after all the teeth are machined, a grinding wheel is used to finish machine the gear to obtain a higher tooth surface accuracy.

[0058] In the present invention, the sliding component is arranged in the chute to drive the cutter to realize reciprocating circular motion, which can meet the gear machining of a series of products with different specifications. The cutter fixing plate makes reciprocating circular motion within a certain range driven by the driving mechanism without rotating a full circle. The entire cutter mounting structure has a small moment of inertia, reducing the requirements for the driving motor; at the same time, the position of the cutter on the cutter mounting plate can be adjusted according to actual needs. In addition to increasing the cutting efficiency, it can also meet the requirements of gears with different tooth profile radii; the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears all adopt the meshing principle for corresponding mathematical modeling and derivation. Therefore, corresponding spatial relationships are used for machining, which can effectively avoid such principle errors, greatly reduce the machining cost, and improve the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.

[0059] The present invention accurately establishes the mathematical model and spatial motion relationship between the workpiece and the cutter according to the gear meshing principle to complete the optimal machining of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear, truly transforming the innovation of the variable hyperbolic circular arc cylindrical gear into corresponding productivity. The present invention can promote the industrial application of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear, greatly reduce the machining cost, and improve the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.

[0060] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining device for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears, which is used to machine variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears, including a cutting mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The cutting mechanism includes a cutting tool (5), a sliding component (2) and a slide rail (3). A cutting tool fixing plate (8) is arranged on the sliding component (2). There are multiple cutting tools (5), and the multiple cutting tools (5) are installed on the cutting tool fixing plate (8). The sliding component (2) is slidably connected to the slide rail (3). The slide rail (3) is integrally arc-shaped. The sliding component (2) is connected to a driving mechanism (4), and the driving mechanism (4) drives the sliding component (2) to reciprocate uniformly along the slide rail (3). The cutting tool (5) can be adjusted in the radial direction of the slide rail (3) on the cutting tool fixing plate (8). The clamping mechanism clamps a gear blank (1), and the clamping mechanism drives the gear blank (1) to rotate and simultaneously drives the gear blank (1) to achieve a tangential feed motion.

2. The cylindrical gear processing device with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple groups of sliding components (2) are installed on the slide rail (3), and synchronous motion can be achieved between the multiple groups of sliding components (2).

3. The machining device for the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gear according to claim 2, wherein: A plurality of rolling elements (6) are arranged on the side or bottom surface of the sliding component (2), and the plurality of rolling elements (6) are in contact with the slide rail (3).

4. The machining device for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gears according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slide rail (3) has a chute (9), and the sliding component (2) is slidably arranged in the chute (9).

5. The cylindrical gear machining device with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first groove (10) is arranged on the side wall of the chute (9). The sliding component (2) also has a cage (7). The rolling element (6) is arranged on the cage (7), and the rolling element (6) is in rolling contact with the first groove (10).

6. The machining device for a variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear according to claim 5, wherein: The rolling element (6) is a ball or a cylindrical roller.

7. The cylindrical gear machining device with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutting tool (5) is a tooth-shaped metal cutting tool or a grinding wheel.

8. The machining device for variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile cylindrical gears according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (4) is a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the side of the sliding mechanism (2).

9. A processing method for a cylindrical gear with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth profile, characterized in that: The machining device as described in any one of claims 1-8 is used, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Adjust the clamping mechanism according to relevant parameters such as the size of the gear blank (1) so that the clamping mechanism completes the clamping of the gear blank (1); Step 2: Fix the cutting tool (5) on the sliding component (2) according to the tooth profile radius of the gear, and adjust the distance from the gear blank (1) to the cutting tool (5) according to the size of the tooth profile radius; Step 3: Start the driving mechanism (4), and the driving mechanism (4) drives the sliding component (2) to reciprocate on the slide rail (3); Step 4: The clamping mechanism drives the gear blank (1) to rotate along its axis and feed at a certain feed speed. At the same time, start the cooling device and start machining one tooth of the gear; Step 5: When the cutting tool (5) completes the machining of one tooth according to the above relative motion relationship, the gear blank (1) returns to the reference point on the gear blank clamping mechanism, and then directly indexes to the angle of the next tooth to machine the next tooth until all teeth are machined.

10. The machining method of the variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth line cylindrical gear according to claim 9, characterized in that: After machining all the teeth, use a grinding wheel to finish machine the gear.

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