Ultrasonic wind sensor and ultrasonic wind measurement system

Abstract

The present invention provides an ultrasonic wind sensor and an ultrasonic wind measurement system, which relate to the technical field of ultrasonic wind sensors. A four-way signal driving unit excites the transducer to work; a preprocessing unit preprocesses two reflection signals under the control of a microcontroller unit to obtain two reflection sequences; the microcontroller unit evaluates the two reflection sequences to determine whether the received two reflection signals meet the calculation conditions, performs cross-correlation operations on the signal sequences that meet the calculation conditions for both reflections, obtains the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air, repeats the above process to obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air after the excitation of four transducers, and then uses the time difference method to calculate and obtain the wind speed and direction data in the two-dimensional plane. By outputting the wind speed, wind direction and other signals through the data output unit, the invalid sequence can be greatly reduced to participate in the calculation, which not only saves the calculation time, but also enhances the rapidity, stability and reliability of the wind speed and direction output data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic anemometers, and more particularly to an ultrasonic anemometer and an ultrasonic anemometry system. Background Art

[0002] Among various meteorological elements, wind is one of the most active elements, and the measurement of wind speed is widely used in military, meteorology, scientific experiments, industry, navigation, aviation and other fields.

[0003] Commonly used wind speed measurement techniques include mechanical measurement, Pitot tube measurement, hot wire and hot film measurement, laser Doppler measurement, ultrasonic measurement, etc.

[0004] The ultrasonic measurement method is favored by people because of its unique advantages such as wide measurement range, high measurement accuracy, fast measurement speed, low starting wind speed, simple structure, vibration resistance, and suitability for working in harsh outdoor environments, which are incomparable to other measurement methods, and has become the mainstream development direction of current anemometers.

[0005] At any time, stability, speed, reliability, wide range, and high precision are the design requirements for any wind speed and direction sensor.

[0006] Current ultrasonic anemometers mostly use the time difference estimation method to obtain wind speed and direction. However, due to the limitations of the sensor structure and cost, its digital signal processing ability is weak, and there are many error factors. Moreover, this time difference estimation method directly samples the transceiver sequence and calculates according to the definition of the cross-correlation function, with a large amount of calculation. In the actual scenario, the wind direction and wind speed may change in real time. Therefore, it is very difficult to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of this method. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic anemometer and an ultrasonic anemometry system. Through the pre-evaluation of two reflection sequences and the pre-setting of the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier, the participation of invalid sequences in the calculation can be greatly reduced, saving calculation time, and enhancing the rapidity, stability and reliability of the wind speed and direction output data. Combined with the frequency domain cross-correlation calculation, the rapidity of the wind speed and direction output data is further improved.

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic anemometer, including a transducer device and a circuit board. The circuit board is provided with a micro control unit, a four-channel signal driving unit, a preprocessing unit, and a data output unit. The transducer device includes four transducers;

[0009] The micro control unit is respectively connected to the four-channel signal driving unit and the preprocessing unit;

[0010] After receiving the excitation control signal from the microcontroller unit, the four-channel signal driving unit drives the transducer to work; the preprocessing unit receives two reflected signals from the transducer under the control of the microcontroller unit, preprocesses the two reflected signals, and obtains two reflected sequences; the microcontroller unit evaluates the two reflected sequences, determines whether the received two reflected sequences meet the calculation conditions, performs cross-correlation operation in the frequency domain on the two reflected sequences that both meet the conditions, obtains the flight time of ultrasonic waves in the air, for the two reflected sequences that do not meet the conditions, in the case of saturation distortion or cut-off distortion, adjusts the preprocessing unit until the two reflected sequences obtained in the next cycle meet the calculation conditions, repeats the above process to obtain the flight time of ultrasonic waves in the air after exciting the four transducers respectively, and then uses the time difference method to calculate and obtain the wind speed measurement result in the two-dimensional plane, and outputs the wind speed measurement result through the data output unit.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein a multi-way switch is further arranged on the circuit board, connected to the microcontroller unit, and receives the switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the transducer device.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the transducer device includes a reflecting surface and four transducers distributed in a cross shape;

[0013] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the first excitation control signal from the microcontroller unit and drives the first target transducer to work;

[0014] The multi-way switch receives the first switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer, and the second target transducer is arranged opposite to the first target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer is opened again to obtain two reflected signals in sequence;

[0015] and / or,

[0016] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the second excitation control signal from the microcontroller unit and drives the second target transducer to work;

[0017] The multi-way switch receives the second switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer is opened again to obtain two reflected signals in sequence;

[0018] and / or,

[0019] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the third excitation control signal of the micro-control unit to excite the third target transducer to work;

[0020] The multiplexer receives the switching control signal of the micro-control unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer, and the fourth target transducer is arranged opposite to the third target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively;

[0021] and / or,

[0022] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the fourth excitation control signal of the micro-control unit to excite the fourth target transducer to work;

[0023] The multiplexer receives the switching control signal of the micro-control unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer. After a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively.

[0024] Combined with the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the preprocessing unit includes a programmable amplifier, a band-pass filtering unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;

[0025] The programmable amplifier is respectively connected to the multiplexer and the micro-control unit, and amplifies the two reflected signals received from the transducer device to obtain an analog signal of a sine wave under two Gaussian envelopes;

[0026] The band-pass filtering unit is connected to the programmable amplifier to perform filtering processing on the amplified analog signal of the sine wave under two Gaussian envelopes;

[0027] The analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected to the band-pass filtering unit to perform digital sampling on the filtered analog signal to obtain two reflected sequences recognizable by the micro-control unit, and the two reflected sequences include digital sequences of two reflections.

[0028] Combined with the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the micro-control unit is further configured to, for the two reflected sequences that do not conform, if there is saturation distortion or cut-off distortion, adjust the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier by the micro-control unit until two reflected sequences that meet the calculation conditions can be obtained in the next cycle.

[0029] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect. Among them, the microcontroller unit is further configured to eliminate the saturation distortion and cut-off distortion signals that appear at the peaks of the sine waves under the envelope in the two reflection sequences, and eliminate the abnormal signals in the first reflection sequence where the intervals between the peaks and valleys of the multiple sine waves under the Gaussian envelope are much longer than the half-period duration of the sine wave.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect. Among them, it further includes a bottom plate, and the transducer is arranged on the bottom plate at a preset angle.

[0031] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect. Among them, the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is set based on the time-of-flight accuracy, and the time-of-flight is used to calculate the wind speed measurement result, and the wind speed measurement result is a two-dimensional planar wind speed value and a wind direction angle.

[0032] In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect. Among them, the four-channel signal driving unit is further configured to generate a pulse width modulation square wave (PWM wave) to drive the transducer device to work.

[0033] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an ultrasonic wind measurement system, including the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor as described above and a host computer connected to the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor.

[0034] The embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic wind measurement sensor and an ultrasonic wind measurement system. Under the control of the microcontroller unit, the four-channel signal driving unit receives corresponding excitation control signals to trigger the transducer device to work. The preprocessing unit performs preprocessing such as amplification and filtering on the signals output by the transducer device. The microcontroller unit then digitally samples the preprocessed signals through the analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a digital sequence that can be recognized by the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit evaluates the digital sequences obtained from the two reflections, eliminates abnormal signals, preset the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier, and then obtains the time-of-flight through the cross-correlation function in the frequency domain, realizing the synthesis of fast, stable, and accurate wind speed and wind direction in a two-dimensional plane, and achieving output through the output unit.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following specification, and, in part, will be obvious from the specification, or will be understood by implementing the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention are achieved and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the specification and the drawings.

[0036] To make the above objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following specific preferred embodiments are given, and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the detailed description is as follows. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of an ultrasonic wind sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a measurement flow chart of a transducer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the positive half-wave of the first received waveform;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the positive half-wave of the second received waveform;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of calculating the cross-correlation function in the time domain;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a frequency-domain schematic diagram of the first received sequence;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a frequency-domain schematic diagram of the second received sequence;

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the complex multiplication conjugate of the first and second received sequences;

[0046] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the inverse transform of the result of the complex multiplication conjugate;

[0047] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of calculating the cross-correlation function in the frequency domain. Detailed Embodiments

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The ultrasonic measurement method is favored by people because of its unique advantages that are unparalleled by other measurement methods, such as a wide measurement range, high measurement accuracy, fast measurement speed, low starting wind speed, simple structure, vibration resistance, and suitability for working in harsh outdoor environments. It has become the mainstream development direction of current anemometers.

[0050] At any time, speed, reliability, wide range, and high precision are the design requirements for any anemometer and wind vane instrument.

[0051] After research by the inventor, it is found that the current ultrasonic wind measurement sensor uses the time difference estimation method to obtain wind speed and wind direction. However, due to the structural and cost limitations of the sensor, its digital signal processing ability is weak, and there are many error factors. Moreover, this time difference estimation method directly samples the transceiver sequence and calculates according to the definition of the cross-correlation function, with a large amount of calculation. In the actual scenario, the wind direction and wind speed may change in real time. Therefore, it is very difficult to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of this method.

[0052] Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention provide an ultrasonic wind measurement sensor and an ultrasonic wind measurement system. By evaluating and screening the two reflection sequences after each excitation and presetting the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier, the participation of invalid sequences in the calculation can be greatly reduced, saving calculation time, and enhancing the stability and reliability of the wind speed and wind direction output data. Combined with the frequency-domain cross-correlation calculation, the rapidity of the wind speed and wind direction output data is further improved.

[0053] The following is a detailed description through embodiments.

[0054] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of an ultrasonic wind measurement sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] As Figure 1 shown, the embodiments of the present invention provide an ultrasonic wind measurement sensor, including a transducer device and a circuit board. The two can be connected wirelessly or wired to achieve data transmission. The circuit board is provided with a microcontroller unit (MCU), a four-channel signal driving unit, and a preprocessing unit. The microcontroller unit is respectively connected to the four-channel signal driving unit and the preprocessing unit.

[0056] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the excitation control signal of the microcontroller unit and excites the transducer device to work.

[0057] Among them, the four-channel signal driving unit is also used to generate a pulse width modulation square wave (PWM wave) to trigger and excite the transducer device to work through the PWM wave.

[0058] The preprocessing unit switches the multi-way switch under the control of the microcontroller unit to successively receive the signals reflected twice from the transducer device, amplifies and filters the two reflected signals through the programmable amplifier and the bandpass filter unit, and then discretizes the two reflected digital sequences through the digital-to-analog conversion unit;

[0059] Here, the present application adds a hardware preprocessing unit structure to filter and denoise the noise in the analog signal and other poor signals that are not conducive to subsequent calculations. It should be noted that the filtering and denoising methods used here are known to technical personnel in this field.

[0060] The microcontroller unit evaluates the two reflection sequences, determines whether the two received reflection signals meet the calculation conditions, performs cross-correlation calculation in the frequency domain on the signal sequence that meets the calculation conditions for both reflections, and obtains the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the air.

[0061] For a sequence that does not meet the calculation conditions, if it is saturation distortion or cutoff distortion, the microcontroller unit adjusts the gain of the programmable amplifier so that an ideal signal can be obtained in the next cycle.

[0062] Repeat the above process to obtain the flight time of the ultrasonic waves in the air after the four transducers are excited, and then use the time difference method to calculate and obtain the wind speed and direction data in the two-dimensional plane. The wind speed, wind direction and other signals are output through the data output unit.

[0063] In some embodiments, only using hardware to denoise the sampled signal cannot remove all noise or abnormal signals. In order to ensure the subsequent accurate measurement and calculation of wind speed and wind direction, this application combines software algorithms with hardware structure to eliminate abnormal signals.

[0064] It should be noted that the wind speed measurement result and the speed of ultrasonic wave in calm wind can be understood as vector data. The wind speed measurement result is the wind speed value and wind direction angle in the two-dimensional dimension of the plane, and the speed of ultrasonic wave in calm wind also includes the wind direction angle and wind speed value.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the actual application process, under the control of the microcontroller unit, the four-way signal driving unit receives the corresponding excitation control signal to trigger the transducer device to work, the preprocessing unit amplifies and filters the signal output by the transducer device to remove noise and bad signals, and the microcontroller unit then eliminates the abnormal signal reflection sequence after preprocessing, so as to obtain more accurate wind speed and wind direction measurement results in time, thereby improving the stability, rapidity and accuracy of wind speed and direction.

[0066] It is understandable that after the reflection sequence is screened in the present application to eliminate abnormal signals therein and then participates in the operation, a large number of invalid or even incorrect signal data are eliminated from the source, greatly reducing the amount of calculation. At the same time, after being evaluated by the microcontroller, the programmable amplifier multiple is adjusted in a timely manner to further improve the signal quality, making the acquisition of the detection result more accurate and rapid. Combining frequency-domain cross-correlation will further improve the system speed.

[0067] In some embodiments, a multiplexer is further provided on the circuit board, which is connected to the microcontroller unit and receives the switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the transducer device.

[0068] In some embodiments, the transducer device includes a reflecting surface and four transducers distributed in a cross shape; in practical applications, a bottom plate is further included, and the transducers are arranged on the bottom plate at a preset angle.

[0069] Exemplarily, in the ultrasonic anemometry system structure of the present invention, the transducers E, W, S, N (east, west, south, north) for both receiving and transmitting are installed on the bottom plate at a preset fixed angle (such as 45 degrees), and a reflecting surface is installed on the top of the four transducers.

[0070] As an alternative embodiment, the multiplexer and the four-channel signal driving unit determine the target transducer to act on according to the control signal of the microcontroller unit, and perform corresponding excitation or connection operations, which may specifically include:

[0071] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the first excitation control signal of the microcontroller unit to excite the first target transducer to work;

[0072] The multiplexer receives the first switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer, and the second target transducer is arranged opposite to the first target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively.

[0073] and / or,

[0074] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the second excitation control signal of the microcontroller unit to excite the second target transducer to work;

[0075] The multiplexer receives the second switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively.

[0076] and / or,

[0077] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the third excitation control signal of the micro-control unit and excites the third target transducer to work;

[0078] The multi-channel switch receives the switching control signal of the micro-control unit, opens the path between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer, and the fourth target transducer is arranged opposite to the third target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively.

[0079] and / or

[0080] The four-channel signal driving unit receives the fourth excitation control signal of the micro-control unit and excites the fourth target transducer to work;

[0081] The multi-channel switch receives the switching control signal of the micro-control unit, opens the path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer. After a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively.

[0082] Here, after the micro-control unit excites all four transducers, the round-trip time of ultrasonic waves between the two opposite transducers can be obtained sequentially. The measurement flowchart of the ultrasonic round-trip time of the four transducers in a complete cycle is as Figure 2 shown. Here, taking the excitation of all four transducers as a group, where the transducer can also be called a probe, the start of a four-probe measurement specifically includes the following steps:

[0083] Step S201, generate PWM to excite one probe;

[0084] Step S202, select the opposite probe as the signal receiving end;

[0085] Step S203, start ADC to receive signals;

[0086] Step S204, preset the signal amplification factor of the opposite probe;

[0087] Step S205, delay and switch this probe to the receiving end;

[0088] Step S206, preset the signal amplification factor of this probe;

[0089] Step S207, wait until the sampling is completed;

[0090] Step S208, judge whether the signal characteristics meet the requirements;

[0091] If yes, execute Step S209, delay calculation;

[0092] If not, return to before Step S201;

[0093] Step S210: Determine whether the data acquisition of the four probes is completed;

[0094] If yes, then execute Step S211 to store the synthesized data in the buffer or output it;

[0095] If no, then execute Step S212 to adjust the excited probe.

[0096] In some embodiments, the preprocessing unit includes a programmable amplifier, a band-pass filtering unit, and an analog-to-digital conversion unit;

[0097] The programmable amplifier is respectively connected to the multiplexer and the microcontroller unit, and performs an amplification operation on the two reflection signals received from the transducer device to obtain an analog signal of a sine wave under two Gaussian envelopes.

[0098] The band-pass filtering unit is connected to the programmable amplifier and performs filtering processing on the amplified signal.

[0099] The analog-to-digital conversion unit, (Analog-to-digital converter, ADC), is connected to the band-pass filtering unit, and performs digital sampling on the filtered analog signal to obtain a digital sequence recognizable by the microcontroller unit.

[0100] Exemplarily, a microcontroller (MCU) is included on the circuit board. Four signal driving circuits are connected to the PWM signal generation part of the MCU to respectively excite four transducers. A received signal will be generated on the transducer opposite to the excited transducer. Which transducer is specifically selected as the receiving signal terminal is switched by the MCU controlling the multiplexer. The selected signal is amplified by the programmable amplifier and then enters the band-pass filtering unit.

[0101] In some embodiments, the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is set based on the transducer accuracy and the time-of-flight accuracy. The time-of-flight is used to calculate the wind speed measurement result and the wind direction measurement result. For example, the transducer accuracy is 200K and the time-of-flight accuracy is 0.1 microsecond.

[0102] Among them, the setting of the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier is completed by the MCU. The MCU determines the sampling frequency by controlling the clock signal of the ADC. After the analog signal is converted into a digital signal, it is sent to the MCU for signal evaluation, delay calculation, signal synthesis, and output.

[0103] This application further includes a system power supply for providing transformation and support for the power supplies of each module.

[0104] In some embodiments, the microcontroller unit is further configured to eliminate the saturation distortion and cut-off distortion signals that appear at the peaks of the sine waves under the envelope in the two reflection sequences. Abnormal signals with intervals between multiple sine wave peaks and valleys under the Gaussian wave in a single reflection that far exceed the half-period duration of the sine wave are eliminated.

[0105] A new amplification factor is preset for the signals eliminated due to saturation distortion or cut-off distortion for use in the next cycle of the programmable amplifier.

[0106] Perform cross-correlation operations in the frequency domain on the sequences that meet the calculation conditions to obtain the flight time of ultrasonic waves in air. After repeatedly obtaining the flight time of ultrasonic waves in air after exciting four transducers, the wind speed and direction in the two-dimensional plane are calculated using the time difference method.

[0107] For sequences that do not meet the calculation conditions, if they are saturation distortion or cut-off distortion, the microcontroller unit adjusts the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier in order to obtain signals that meet the calculation conditions in the next cycle, thereby dynamically improving the signal quality.

[0108] Among them, the judgment on whether the signal characteristics in the reflection sequence meet the requirements or are abnormal needs to be fast and accurate. Mainly by judging whether the amplitude of the signal is saturated distorted or cut-off distorted. In addition, the energy concentration position of the two received signals can also be used as a preliminary judgment condition. For cut-off distortion signals, the preset amplification factor is increased, and for saturation distortion signals, the preset amplification factor is decreased. At the same time, the maximum and minimum values in the received signal should be at the peak and valley positions in a waveform cycle. Thus, it can also be used as a criterion for judging whether the waveform is valid. If the time interval between the peak and valley is far more than 2.5 microseconds of the half-period, the signal is also considered distorted.

[0109] For the two received sequences that can participate in the calculation after screening, the algorithm for calculating the flight time is as Figures 3 to 5 shown, Figure 3 is the positive half-wave of the first received waveform intercepted, Figure 4 is the positive half-wave of the second received waveform intercepted. Figure 5 is the result of the time-domain cross-correlation function of the two reflection sequences. Finding the maximum value position (peak position) of the cross-correlation function and compensating for the truncation time in the middle of the two received signals can obtain the flight time.

[0110] As another alternative embodiment, a frequency-domain calculation method can also be used. Among them, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the FFT calculation result of the first received sequence, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the FFT calculation result of the second received sequence. The result obtained by multiplying the first FFT result by the conjugate of the second FFT result is as Figure 8As shown, the result obtained by performing the inverse FFT on the complex multiplication result is as Figure 9 shown. Remove the 2Nth (in this example, 2N = 2048) point, and connect the latter half of the waveform to before the former half to obtain as Figure 10 shown, which is the frequency-domain calculation result of the correlation function.

[0111] It can be understood that Figure 5 and Figure 10 , the images of the calculation results of the cross-correlation function in the time domain and the cross-correlation function in the frequency domain are consistent, and the computational amount in the frequency domain is much smaller than that in the time domain. Finding the maximum value position (peak position) of the cross-correlation function and compensating for the truncation time between the two received signals can obtain the flight time.

[0112] Through the above method, the stability, accuracy, and rapidity of the output data of the ultrasonic sensor are finally greatly improved.

[0113] In some embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an ultrasonic wind measurement system, including the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor as described above and a host computer connected to the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor.

[0114] In some embodiments, the host computer can communicate with the micro-control unit in the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor to control the on / off state of its operation, and upload the wind speed and wind direction calculated by the sensor to the host computer for recording, monitoring, and analysis.

[0115] The ultrasonic wind measurement system provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the same technical features as the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor provided by the above embodiment, so it can also solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0116] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0117] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0118] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation. For another example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some communication interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units can be in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0119] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0120] In addition, in each embodiment of the present invention, the functional units can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are only specific implementation manners of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting it. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or easily think of changes, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic wind sensor, characterized in that, it includes a transducer device and a circuit board. The circuit board is provided with a micro-control unit, a four-channel signal driving unit, a preprocessing unit, and a data output unit. The transducer device includes a reflecting surface and four transducers; each transducer for receiving receives a reflected signal under the reflection of the reflecting surface; the micro-control unit is respectively connected to the four-channel signal driving unit and the preprocessing unit; after receiving the excitation control signal from the micro-control unit, the four-channel signal driving unit excites the transducer to work; the preprocessing unit, under the control of the micro-control unit, receives two reflected signals from the transducer, preprocesses the two reflected signals to obtain two reflection sequences; the micro-control unit evaluates the two reflection sequences to determine whether the received two reflection sequences meet the calculation conditions, performs a cross-correlation operation in the frequency domain on the two reflection sequences that both meet the conditions to obtain the flight time of ultrasonic waves in the air, for the two reflection sequences that do not meet the conditions, in the case of saturation distortion or cut-off distortion, adjusts the preprocessing unit until the two reflection sequences obtained in the next cycle meet the calculation conditions, repeats the above process to respectively obtain the flight time of ultrasonic waves in the air after the excitation of the four transducers, and then uses the time difference method to calculate and obtain the wind speed measurement result in the two-dimensional plane, and outputs the wind speed measurement result through the data output unit; the micro-control unit is also used to eliminate the saturation distortion and cut-off distortion signals that appear at the peaks of the sine waves under the envelope in the two reflection sequences, and eliminate the abnormal signals in the primary reflection sequence where the interval duration between multiple sine wave peaks and valleys under the Gaussian envelope exceeds the half-period duration of the sine wave; the maximum and minimum values of the signals in the reflection sequence that meet the calculation conditions are at the peak and valley positions in a waveform cycle.

2. The ultrasonic wind sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, a multi-channel switch is further provided on the circuit board, which is connected to the micro-control unit and receives the switching control signal from the micro-control unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the transducer device.

3. The ultrasonic wind sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, the transducer device includes a reflecting surface and four transducers distributed in a cross shape; the four-channel signal driving unit receives the first excitation control signal from the micro-control unit and excites the first target transducer to work; the multi-channel switch receives the first switching control signal from the micro-control unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer, and the second target transducer is arranged opposite to the first target transducer; after a delay, the path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer is opened to obtain two reflected signals successively; and / or, the four-channel signal driving unit receives the second excitation control signal from the micro-control unit and excites the second target transducer to work; The multiplexer receives the second switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the first target transducer; after a delay, it opens the path between the preprocessing unit and the second target transducer to obtain the reflected signals of the two times successively. and / or, The four-channel signal driving unit receives the third excitation control signal of the microcontroller unit to excite the third target transducer to work. The multiplexer receives the switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer, and the fourth target transducer is arranged opposite to the third target transducer; after a delay, it opens the path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer to obtain the reflected signals of the two times successively. and / or, The four-channel signal driving unit receives the fourth excitation control signal of the microcontroller unit to excite the fourth target transducer to work. The multiplexer receives the switching control signal of the microcontroller unit to open the path between the preprocessing unit and the third target transducer; after a delay, it opens the path between the preprocessing unit and the fourth target transducer to obtain the reflected signals of the two times successively.

4. The ultrasonic anemometer sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that the preprocessing unit includes a programmable amplifier, a band-pass filtering unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit; The programmable amplifier is respectively connected to the multiplexer and the microcontroller unit, and performs an amplification operation on the two reflected signals received from the transducer device to obtain an analog signal of a sine wave under two Gaussian envelopes. The band-pass filtering unit is connected to the programmable amplifier and performs a filtering process on the amplified analog signal of the sine wave under the two Gaussian envelopes. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is connected to the band-pass filtering unit and performs digital sampling on the filtered analog signal to obtain two reflected sequences recognizable by the microcontroller unit, and the two reflected sequences include digital sequences of the two reflections.

5. The ultrasonic anemometer sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the microcontroller unit is further configured to, for the two reflected sequences that do not conform, if it is saturation distortion or cut-off distortion, the microcontroller unit adjusts the amplification factor of the programmable amplifier until the two reflected sequences that meet the calculation conditions can be obtained in the next cycle.

6. The ultrasonic anemometer sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that it further includes a bottom plate, and the transducers are arranged on the bottom plate at a preset angle.

7. The ultrasonic anemometer sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion unit is set based on the time-of-flight accuracy, and the time-of-flight is used to calculate the wind speed measurement result, and the wind speed measurement result is a two-dimensional plane wind speed value and a wind direction angle.

8. The ultrasonic anemometer sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the four-channel signal driving unit is further configured to generate a pulse width modulation square wave PWM wave to excite the transducer device to work.

9. An ultrasonic anemometer system, characterized in that It includes an ultrasonic anemometer sensor as described in any one of claims 1-8 and a host computer connected to the ultrasonic anemometer sensor.

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