Broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on frequency upconversion device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wide-band electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency-upgrading device. The electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is arranged symmetrically about the center as a whole, an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are arranged between the upper end cover and the lower end cover, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are coaxially mounted inside and outside, an annular gap is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder as an annular columnar channel, an upper fixed cylindrical magnet is fixed on the upper end cover, a lower fixed cylindrical magnet is fixed on the lower end cover, a movable cylindrical magnet is coaxially movably installed inside the inner cylinder, an upper fixed annular magnet and a lower fixed annular magnet are coaxially fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the upper end cover and the upper end surface of the lower end cover in the annular columnar channel, respectively, a movable annular magnet is coaxially movably mounted between the upper fixed annular magnet and the lower fixed annular magnet; an inner cylinder coil is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential side of the inner cylinder, and an outer cylinder coil is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the outer cylinder. The present invention uses a dual magnetic spring system with different resonance frequencies to form a frequency-upgrading device, which greatly improves the capture efficiency of low-frequency vibration energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, in particular to a broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency-upgrading device. Background Art

[0002] The existing tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is powered by button batteries. Due to the limited life of the battery, the battery must be replaced every few years, which increases the time cost and maintenance difficulty. In addition, the large-scale use of batteries will cause harm to the environment and does not meet the requirements of green industry and sustainable development. Therefore, more and more researchers are trying to find a permanent solution (i.e., a method to make TPMS self-powered) to solve this problem. Among the existing self-powered technologies, the vibration energy harvester (VEH) that captures energy from environmental vibration is undoubtedly the most promising choice. The rotation of the wheel can provide a large vibration amplitude and vibration acceleration, so it can be used as a potential power source for TPMS. Most of the existing vibration energy harvesters adopt a resonant mechanical structure. Taking the electromagnetic power generation device as an example, the magnet reciprocates under the drive of the environmental vibration source, cutting the magnetic flux lines to generate an induced electromotive force in the coil. This resonant power generation device reaches the maximum output power when the external excitation frequency is equal to its own natural frequency. In addition, the traditional resonant VEH can only work in a very narrow frequency bandwidth range near the resonant frequency, which is obviously not suitable for automotive vibration occasions with a wide frequency range.

[0003] Most existing resonant power generation devices are linear systems. Although they can generate a large output power when the external excitation frequency is equal to their own natural frequency, that is, when they reach the resonant state, their operating frequency range is very narrow. Only in a very narrow frequency range near the natural frequency (usually a few hertz) can this resonant power generation device work normally. However, the excitation bandwidth in TPMS is 1-40Hz, and it is obvious that traditional VEH cannot be applied. In addition, when the frequency is low (<10Hz), according to the theory that the output power of VEH is in a cubic relationship with the excitation frequency, the output power of the traditional resonant VEH is also low, which cannot meet the power supply requirements of TPMS well. Summary of the invention

[0004] The electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on the frequency-upgrading device adopted in the present invention can solve the above-mentioned problems. The present invention can be understood as a series vibration system based on dual magnetic springs, one is a low-frequency vibration system, and the other is a high-frequency vibration system. The natural frequencies of the low-frequency vibration system and the high-frequency vibration system are in a range, and the value of the range is related to the size of the magnet and the strength of the magnetic force. Because the low-frequency vibration system needs to respond to external vibrations, its frequency range must be consistent with the excitation frequency range. For example, the excitation frequency range of a car is 1-50Hz, and the range of the low-frequency vibration system is also 1-50Hz. The frequency range of the high-frequency vibration system is generally larger than that of the low-frequency system, which is approximately 60-90Hz. These ranges can be achieved by adjusting the size of the magnet and the strength of the magnetic force.

[0005] The low-frequency vibration system vibrates with the vibration of the outside world, and at the same time transfers the kinetic energy to the high-frequency vibration system through magnetic coupling. The latter uses the electromagnetic induction electromechanical conversion mechanism to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy. The introduction of this frequency-upgrading device brings two basic advantages: first, the vibration frequency used for power generation has been greatly improved, which will directly lead to an increase in the output power density; second, the natural frequency can be close to the excitation frequency while maintaining a small overall size. Secondly, the present invention uses a magnetic spring-mass system as a low-frequency and high-frequency vibration system. The variable stiffness characteristic of the magnetic spring enables the resonant frequency to change with the change of the excitation frequency, that is, it has a larger frequency response range, which meets the TPMS wide-band requirement. In the present invention, the energy transfer from the low-frequency vibration system to the high-frequency vibration system is achieved through non-contact magnetic force, which effectively avoids damage and energy loss caused by contact, and helps to extend the service life of the present invention.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the problem of difficulty in generating power from low-frequency and wide-band wheel vibration, and proposes an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency-upgrading device. The frequency-upgrading device effectively broadens the working response frequency band of the power generation device, and the series vibration system of the dual magnetic springs greatly improves the output power of the VEH by increasing the frequency. The present invention has great application potential in realizing self-power supply for tire pressure monitoring systems and other environmental monitoring wireless sensors.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The electromagnetic vibration energy harvester of the present invention is arranged symmetrically about the center as a whole, and includes an upper end cover, an upper fixed annular magnet, an upper fixed cylindrical magnet, a movable cylindrical magnet, an inner cylinder, an inner cylinder coil, a lower fixed cylindrical magnet, a movable annular magnet, a lower fixed annular magnet, a lower end cover, an outer cylinder and an outer cylinder coil;

[0009] An inner cylinder and an outer cylinder are arranged between the upper end cover and the lower end cover, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are coaxially sleeved inside and outside, and an annular gap is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder as an annular columnar channel, an upper fixed cylindrical magnet is fixed on the end surface of the upper end cover extending into the inner cylinder, and a lower fixed cylindrical magnet is fixed on the end surface of the lower end cover extending into the inner cylinder, and a movable cylindrical magnet is coaxially movably installed inside the inner cylinder between the upper fixed cylindrical magnet and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet, and the movable cylindrical magnet slides axially inside the inner cylinder, and an upper fixed annular magnet and a lower fixed annular magnet are coaxially fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the upper end cover and the upper end surface of the lower end cover in the annular columnar channel, respectively, and a movable annular magnet is coaxially movably sleeved in the annular columnar channel between the upper fixed annular magnet and the lower fixed annular magnet, and the movable annular magnet slides axially in the annular columnar channel; an inner cylinder coil is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumferential side of the inner cylinder, and an outer cylinder coil is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumferential surface of the outer cylinder.

[0010] An upper fixed cylindrical magnet is fixed on the end surface of the upper end cover extending into the inner cylinder, and a lower fixed cylindrical magnet is fixed on the end surface of the lower end cover extending into the inner cylinder. Specifically:

[0011] A blind hole is opened on the lower end surface of the upper end cover, and the blind hole serves as the inner hole of the end cover of the upper end cover. A support column is arranged in the inner hole of the end cover of the upper end cover, one end of a support column is coaxially fixed to the middle part of the upper end cover, and the other end of a support column is coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed cylindrical magnet and extends into one end of the inner cylinder and is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder. One end of the outer cylinder is sealed and embedded in the inner hole of the end cover of the upper end cover and is fixedly connected to the upper end cover.

[0012] A blind hole is also opened on the upper end surface of the lower end cover, and the blind hole serves as the inner hole of the end cover of the lower end cover. Another support column is arranged in the inner hole of the end cover of the lower end cover, and one end of the other support column is coaxially fixed to the middle part of the lower end cover, and the other end of the other support column is coaxially fixedly connected to the lower fixed cylindrical magnet and extends into the other end of the inner cylinder and is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder. The other end of the outer cylinder is sealed and embedded in the inner hole of the end cover of the lower end cover and is fixedly connected to the lower end cover.

[0013] An inner cylinder coil is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder, specifically:

[0014] An inner cylinder raised edge is arranged in the middle of the outer circumference side of the inner cylinder, an annular groove is opened in the middle of the inner cylinder raised edge and serves as an inner cylinder coil mounting groove, an inner cylinder coil is fixedly installed in the inner cylinder coil mounting groove, and an axial strip groove is also opened in the inner cylinder raised edge and serves as a wire groove.

[0015] The outer cylinder coil is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the outer cylinder, specifically:

[0016] An outer cylinder protruding edge is arranged in the middle of the outer circumference side of the outer cylinder, an annular groove is opened in the middle of the outer cylinder protruding edge and serves as an outer cylinder coil mounting groove, and an outer cylinder coil is fixedly mounted in the outer cylinder coil mounting groove.

[0017] The magnetic poles of the upper fixed annular magnet, the upper fixed cylindrical magnet, the movable cylindrical magnet, the lower fixed cylindrical magnet, the movable annular magnet and the lower fixed annular magnet are all arranged axially, the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the upper fixed annular magnet and the movable annular magnet are the same, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the lower fixed annular magnet and the movable annular magnet are the same;

[0018] The magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the upper fixed cylindrical magnet and the movable cylindrical magnet are the same, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the lower fixed cylindrical magnet and the movable cylindrical magnet are the same.

[0019] When the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is not excited by environmental vibration, the central cross sections of the moving cylindrical magnet, the moving annular magnet, the inner cylinder coil and the outer cylinder coil are all in the same plane;

[0020] When the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is excited by environmental vibration, the movable cylindrical magnet slides axially in the inner cylinder between the upper fixed cylindrical magnet and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet, and the movable annular magnet slides axially in the annular columnar channel.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention utilizes a magnetic spring with variable stiffness to broaden the working response bandwidth of the device.

[0023] The present invention utilizes a series vibration system of double magnetic springs with different resonance frequencies to form a frequency-increasing device, thereby greatly improving the capture efficiency of low-frequency vibration energy.

[0024] The present invention is installed in a wheel and can efficiently realize the conversion of wheel kinetic energy into electrical energy. It can be used to replace the button battery of the tire pressure monitoring system, thus avoiding the trouble of battery replacement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the installation of the present invention in a wheel.

[0027] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 It is an exploded view of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the end cover and the fixed magnet of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 It is the appearance and cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the motion process of the present invention excited by environmental vibration.

[0032] In the figure: 1-upper end cover, 101-inner hole of end cover, 102-support column, 2-upper fixed annular magnet, 3-upper fixed cylindrical magnet, 4-movable cylindrical magnet, 5-inner cylinder, 501-inner cylinder coil mounting groove, 502-wire groove, 6-inner cylinder coil, 7-lower fixed cylindrical magnet, 8-movable annular magnet, 9-lower fixed annular magnet, 10-lower end cover, 11-outer cylinder, 111-outer cylinder coil mounting groove, 12-outer cylinder coil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0034] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in , 4 and 6, the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is arranged symmetrically about the center as a whole, including an upper end cover 1, an upper fixed annular magnet 2, an upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3, a movable cylindrical magnet 4, an inner cylinder 5, an inner cylinder coil 6, a lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7, a movable annular magnet 8, a lower fixed annular magnet 9, a lower end cover 10, an outer cylinder 11 and an outer cylinder coil 12;

[0035] An inner cylinder 5 and an outer cylinder 11 are arranged between the upper end cover 1 and the lower end cover 10. The inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 11 are coaxially mounted inside and outside. There is an annular gap between the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 11 as an annular columnar channel. The axial lengths of the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 11 are the same. An upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3 is fixed on the end surface of the upper end cover 1 extending into the inner cylinder 5. A lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7 is fixed on the end surface of the lower end cover 10 extending into the inner cylinder 5. A movable cylindrical magnet 4 is coaxially movably installed inside the inner cylinder 5 between the upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3 and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7. The movable cylindrical magnet 4 slides axially inside the inner cylinder 5. An upper fixed annular magnet 2 and an upper fixed annular magnet 3 are coaxially fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the upper end cover 1 and the upper end surface of the lower end cover 10 in the annular columnar channel, respectively. The lower fixed annular magnet 9, the upper fixed annular magnet 2 and the lower fixed annular magnet 9 have the same cross-sectional shape as the channels on both sides of the annular columnar channel, and a movable annular magnet 8 is coaxially movablely sleeved in the annular columnar channel between the upper fixed annular magnet 2 and the lower fixed annular magnet 9, and the movable annular magnet 8 slides axially in the annular columnar channel between the upper fixed annular magnet 2 and the lower fixed annular magnet 9; an inner cylinder coil 6 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder 5, and the inner diameter of the movable annular magnet 8 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner cylinder coil 6; an outer cylinder coil 12 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the outer cylinder 11, and the inner cylinder coil 6 and the outer cylinder coil 12 are both located in the middle of the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester, and the thickness of the inner cylinder coil 6 and the outer cylinder coil 12 are the same.

[0036] like Figure 2The electromagnetic vibration energy harvester shown is installed on a wheel. When the wheel rotates, the moving cylindrical magnet 4 and the moving annular magnet 8 in the micro vibration energy harvester vibrate up and down relative to the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester itself under the action of gravity and the tangential inertia force given by the wheel.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, an upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3 is fixed on the end surface of the upper end cover 1 extending into the inner tube 5, and a lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7 is fixed on the end surface of the lower end cover 10 extending into the inner tube 5, specifically:

[0038] A blind hole is opened on the lower end surface of the upper end cover 1, and the blind hole serves as the end cover inner hole 101 of the upper end cover 1. A support column 102 is arranged in the end cover inner hole 101 of the upper end cover 1. One end of a support column 102 is coaxially fixed to the middle part of the upper end cover 1, and the other end of a support column 102 is coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed cylindrical magnet 3 and extends into one end of the inner cylinder 5 and is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 5. One end of the outer cylinder 11 is sealed and embedded in the end cover inner hole 101 of the upper end cover 1 and is tightly fixedly connected to the upper end cover 1.

[0039] A blind hole is also opened on the upper end surface of the lower end cover 10, and the blind hole serves as the end cover inner hole 101 of the lower end cover 10. Another support column 102 is arranged in the end cover inner hole 101 of the lower end cover 10, and one end of the other support column 102 is coaxially fixed to the middle part of the lower end cover 10, and the other end of the other support column 102 is coaxially fixedly connected to the lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7 and extends into the other end of the inner cylinder 5 and is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder 5. The other end of the outer cylinder 11 is sealed and embedded in the end cover inner hole 101 of the lower end cover 10 and is tightly fixedly connected to the lower end cover 10.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, the magnetic poles of the upper fixed annular magnet 2, the upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3, the movable cylindrical magnet 4, the lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7, the movable annular magnet 8 and the lower fixed annular magnet 9 are all arranged along the axial direction, the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the upper fixed annular magnet 2 and the movable annular magnet 8 are the same, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the lower fixed annular magnet 9 and the movable annular magnet 8 are the same;

[0041] The magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3 and the movable cylindrical magnet 4 are the same, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7 and the movable cylindrical magnet 4 are the same.

[0042] An inner cylinder coil 6 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder 5, specifically:

[0043] An inner cylinder convex edge is provided in the middle of the outer circumferential side of the inner cylinder 5, and an annular groove is opened in the middle of the inner cylinder convex edge and serves as an inner cylinder coil mounting groove 501. The inner cylinder coil 6 is fixedly installed in the inner cylinder coil mounting groove 501, that is, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder convex edge is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder coil 6. An axial strip groove is also opened in the inner cylinder convex edge and serves as a wire groove 502. The wire groove 502 is used to install the wire of the inner cylinder coil 6.

[0044] The outer cylinder coil 12 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the outer cylinder 11, specifically:

[0045] An outer cylinder convex edge is provided in the middle of the outer circumference side of the outer cylinder 11 , and an annular groove is opened in the middle of the outer cylinder convex edge and serves as an outer cylinder coil mounting groove 111 , in which the outer cylinder coil 12 is fixedly mounted.

[0046] When the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is not excited by environmental vibration, that is, when the moving cylindrical magnet 4 and the moving annular magnet 8 are not driven by external force, the central cross sections of the moving cylindrical magnet 4, the moving annular magnet 8, the inner cylinder coil 6 and the outer cylinder coil 12 are all in the same plane;

[0047] When the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is excited by environmental vibration, the movable cylindrical magnet 4 slides axially in the inner tube between the upper fixed cylindrical magnet 3 and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7, and the movable annular magnet 8 slides axially in the annular columnar channel.

[0048] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown in (a), due to the magnetic repulsion, when the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is not excited by environmental vibration, the moving annular magnet 8 and the moving cylindrical magnet 4 are suspended in the middle of the inner and outer cylinders. When excited by environmental vibration, the moving annular magnet 8 and the moving cylindrical magnet 4 vibrate up and down in the annular columnar channel and the inner cylinder 5 respectively. At this time, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the inner cylinder coil 6 and the outer cylinder coil 12 wound on the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 11 will produce induced electromotive force. When the excitation acceleration is small, the moving annular magnet 8 and the moving cylindrical magnet 4 are attracted together by magnetic force, and vibrate up and down in coordination with the external vibration. Its working cycle is: Figure 7 (a) → (c) → (a). Since the two moving magnets move in coordination, the inner cylinder coil 6 and the outer cylinder coil 12 will also generate synchronous electromotive force.

[0050] When the exciting acceleration is large (exceeding the critical separation acceleration), the moving annular magnet 8 and the moving cylindrical magnet 4 first move downward together. Figure 7 As shown in (a).

[0051] Among them, the excitation acceleration is an inherent property of the vibration source in the environment. In the tire pressure monitoring system, the greater the wheel speed, the greater the excitation acceleration given to the vibration energy harvester. Since the range of wheel speed is very wide (0-2500rpm), the range of excitation acceleration given to the vibration energy harvester is also very wide. Therefore, only a vibration energy harvester with a wide-band characteristic can adapt to this environment. The wide-band characteristic is specifically a large frequency response range. The present invention divides the excitation acceleration into two in order to illustrate that this vibration energy harvester can work well in an environment with a wide range of excitation acceleration, and there is also a frequency up-conversion effect when the excitation acceleration is large.

[0052] The critical separation acceleration refers to a critical excitation acceleration when the moving ring magnet and the moving cylindrical magnet separate. The moving ring magnet is mainly affected by two forces during the movement process, one is the inertial force given by the external excitation source, and the other is the magnetic attraction force interacting with the moving cylindrical magnet. Once the shape and size of the moving ring magnet and the moving cylindrical magnet are determined, the interaction force (magnetic attraction) between them can be determined (a constant value). As the excitation acceleration increases, the inertial force on the moving ring magnet gradually increases. When this inertial force is greater than the magnetic attraction force, the moving ring magnet will separate from the moving cylindrical magnet (cannot be attracted), and the magnitude of the excitation acceleration at this time is the critical separation acceleration.

[0053] The specific formula is as follows:

[0054] F 惯性 =m·a

[0055] Among them, F 惯性 is the inertial force brought to the moving ring magnet by the external excitation source, m is the mass of the moving ring magnet, and a is the excitation acceleration.

[0056] When separation happens:

[0057] F 惯性 =F max磁吸

[0058] Therefore, the critical separation acceleration can be determined as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, F max磁吸 It is the magnetic attraction between the moving ring magnet and the moving cylindrical magnet.

[0061] Then, the moving cylindrical magnet 4 is subjected to the repulsive force from the lower fixed cylindrical magnet 7, which gradually increases, and its speed drops to 0. However, the moving annular magnet 8 continues to move downward due to the inertial force, so the two separate. After separation, the moving cylindrical magnet 4 will instantly generate a large acceleration and make high-frequency vibrations in the inner cylinder, such as Figure 7 As shown in (b); while the moving annular magnet 8 gradually approaches the lower end cover 10, the repulsive force from the lower fixed annular magnet 9 gradually slows down to 0, and then moves in the opposite direction. When it meets the moving cylindrical magnet 4 again, the two combine again and move upward in coordination, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in (c); when the two gradually approach the upper end cover 1, separation will occur again, as shown in Figure 7 Finally, the moving annular magnet 8 is combined with the moving cylindrical magnet 4 during the downward movement, and the two move downward in coordination, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 Its working cycle is as follows: Figure 7 (a)→(b)→(c)→(d)→(e)→(a).

Claims

1. A broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency upscaling device, characterized in that: The electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is arranged symmetrically about the center as a whole, and comprises an upper end cover (1), an upper fixed annular magnet (2), an upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3), a movable cylindrical magnet (4), an inner cylinder (5), an inner cylinder coil (6), a lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7), a movable annular magnet (8), a lower fixed annular magnet (9), a lower end cover (10), an outer cylinder (11) and an outer cylinder coil (12); An inner cylinder (5) and an outer cylinder (11) are arranged between the upper end cover (1) and the lower end cover (10). The inner cylinder (5) and the outer cylinder (11) are coaxially mounted inside and outside. An annular gap is provided between the inner cylinder (5) and the outer cylinder (11) as an annular columnar channel. An upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3) is fixed on the end surface of the upper end cover (1) extending into the inner cylinder (5). A lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7) is fixed on the end surface of the lower end cover (10) extending into the inner cylinder (5). A movable cylindrical magnet (4) is coaxially movably installed inside the inner cylinder (5) between the upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3) and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7). The movable cylindrical magnet ( 4) axially sliding inside the inner cylinder (5); an upper fixed annular magnet (2) and a lower fixed annular magnet (9) are coaxially fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the upper end cover (1) and the upper end surface of the lower end cover (10) in the annular columnar channel respectively; a movable annular magnet (8) is coaxially movably mounted in the annular columnar channel between the upper fixed annular magnet (2) and the lower fixed annular magnet (9); and the movable annular magnet (8) axially slides in the annular columnar channel; an inner cylinder coil (6) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder (5); and an outer cylinder coil (12) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the outer circumference of the outer cylinder (11).

2. A broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency upscaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3) is fixed on the end surface of the upper end cover (1) extending into the inner cylinder (5), and a lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7) is fixed on the end surface of the lower end cover (10) extending into the inner cylinder (5), specifically: A blind hole is opened on the lower end surface of the upper end cover (1), and the blind hole serves as the end cover inner hole (101) of the upper end cover (1). A support column (102) is arranged in the end cover inner hole (101) of the upper end cover (1). One end of the support column (102) is coaxially fixed to the middle part of the upper end cover (1). The other end of the support column (102) is coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed cylindrical magnet (3) and extends into one end of the inner cylinder (5) and is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (5). One end of the outer cylinder (11) is sealed and embedded in the end cover inner hole (101) of the upper end cover (1) and is fixedly connected to the upper end cover (1). A blind hole is also formed on the upper end surface of the lower end cover (10), and the blind hole serves as the end cover inner hole (101) of the lower end cover (10). Another support column (102) is arranged in the end cover inner hole (101) of the lower end cover (10), one end of the other support column (102) is coaxially fixed to the middle part of the lower end cover (10), the other end of the other support column (102) is coaxially fixedly connected to the lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7) and extends into the other end of the inner cylinder (5) and is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder (5), and the other end of the outer cylinder (11) is sealed and embedded in the end cover inner hole (101) of the lower end cover (10) and is fixedly connected to the lower end cover (10).

3. A broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency upscaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner cylinder coil (6) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the outer circumference of the inner cylinder (5), and is specifically: An inner cylinder protruding edge is arranged in the middle of the outer circumferential side of the inner cylinder (5), an annular groove is opened in the middle of the inner cylinder protruding edge and serves as an inner cylinder coil mounting groove (501), an inner cylinder coil (6) is fixedly mounted in the inner cylinder coil mounting groove (501), and an axial strip groove is also opened in the inner cylinder protruding edge and serves as a wire groove (502).

4. A broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency upscaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An outer cylinder coil (12) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the outer circumference of the outer cylinder (11), specifically: An outer cylinder protruding edge is arranged in the middle of the outer circumference side of the outer cylinder (11), an annular groove is opened in the middle of the outer cylinder protruding edge and serves as an outer cylinder coil mounting groove (111), and an outer cylinder coil (12) is fixedly mounted in the outer cylinder coil mounting groove (111).

5. A broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency upscaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic poles of the upper fixed annular magnet (2), the upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3), the movable cylindrical magnet (4), the lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7), the movable annular magnet (8) and the lower fixed annular magnet (9) are all arranged along the axial direction, the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the upper fixed annular magnet (2) and the movable annular magnet (8) are the same, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent ends of the lower fixed annular magnet (9) and the movable annular magnet (8) are the same; The upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3) and the movable cylindrical magnet (4) have the same magnetic poles at one adjacent end, and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7) and the movable cylindrical magnet (4) have the same magnetic poles at one adjacent end.

6. A broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester based on a frequency upscaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is not excited by environmental vibration, the central cross sections of the moving cylindrical magnet (4), the moving annular magnet (8), the inner cylinder coil (6) and the outer cylinder coil (12) are all in the same plane; When the electromagnetic vibration energy harvester as a whole is excited by environmental vibration, the movable cylindrical magnet (4) slides axially in the inner tube between the upper fixed cylindrical magnet (3) and the lower fixed cylindrical magnet (7), and the movable annular magnet (8) slides axially in the annular columnar channel.

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