An active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle

Abstract

The present invention discloses an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle, comprising a body assembly, an active communication control system is provided on the outside of the body assembly, a cooling assembly is provided at the rear end of the body assembly, an axis assembly and a detector assembly for detecting the axis assembly are installed in the body assembly, a tool changing system for clamping a tool is provided in the axis assembly, a pneumatic assembly for driving the tool changing system is provided between the cooling assembly and the axis assembly, and the active communication control system is connected to a machine tool for communication. The above-mentioned active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle actively detects the operating status of the electric spindle itself and communicates and controls with the machine tool equipment, which solves the problem of a certain lag in the passive control logic, has stronger immediacy, and has good adaptability to different process applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cutting processing, and in particular to an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle. Background Art

[0002] With the development and transformation of my country's manufacturing industry, high process integration, high flexible production and high production efficiency have become necessary conditions for high-end manufacturing. Traditional electric spindles generally use technologies such as liquid cooling, direct-contact shaft structure and passive communication to achieve the use and control of electric spindles. At present, electric spindles are mainly attached to internal switch sensors and thermistors to be read by machine tool equipment to read the position signal of the broaching system. After judgment, the system of the machine tool equipment outputs voltage or current instructions to the spindle for control, and uses straight sleeves to pre-tighten the support bearings to provide support for the operation of the spindle. At the same time, traditional spindles mainly use liquid cooling, but the liquid cooling method requires the addition of auxiliary equipment such as liquid coolers and liquid pumps, which has a complex structure and high cost. For high-speed light cutting processing conditions, electric spindles generally use air cooling for cooling, using an external power supply to drive the axial fan to rotate to generate axial airflow, and the airflow cools the spindle from top to bottom through the air duct between the cylinder, the upper bearing seat and the outer shell.

[0003] At present, the passive communication, shaft structure and cooling system of traditional electric spindle products have the following defects: the system of the machine tool equipment determines the spindle broaching state and the spindle motor temperature before controlling the spindle motion. In this way, the passive control logic has a certain lag and does not have adjustable flexibility. It cannot be changed after being adjusted for a specific mechanical position, and has poor adaptability to different process applications. The matching direct-touch shaft structure transfers all the load to the bearing when the spindle axis structure is stressed after the spindle tool changing system moves, which can easily cause abnormalities such as reduced bearing life and damage. Conventional air cooling requires the upper bearing seat to be connected to the machine body to design an air duct, which increases the overall volume of the electric spindle and affects the compactness of the structure. In addition, the fan is in a state of long-term operation with power on, and there is no control over energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle that can solve the above technical problems is a technical problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle, which actively detects the operating status of the electric spindle itself and communicates and controls with the machine tool equipment, thereby solving the problem of a certain lag in the passive control logic, being more immediate and having good adaptability to different process applications.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle, including a body assembly, an active communication control system is provided on the outside of the body assembly, a cooling assembly is provided at the rear end of the body assembly, an axis assembly and a detector assembly for detecting the axis assembly are installed in the body assembly, a tool changing system for clamping a tool is provided in the axis assembly, a pneumatic assembly for driving the tool changing system is provided between the cooling assembly and the axis assembly, the active communication control system is communicatively connected to a machine tool device and is used to control the cooling assembly, the axis assembly and the pneumatic assembly according to the detection result of the detector assembly.

[0007] Preferably, an upper bearing seat for mounting the axis assembly is provided in the body assembly, and the detector assembly is arranged on the upper bearing seat.

[0008] Preferably, the detector assembly includes a detector mounting seat, a detector I and a detector II arranged on the detector mounting seat, a detector III arranged on the upper bearing seat, and a detector IV arranged on the body assembly, the detector I is used to detect the broach position of the tool changing system, the detector II is used to detect the rotation parameters of the axis assembly, the detector IV is used to detect the actual temperature of the axis assembly, and the detector III is used to detect the rotation parameters or vibration parameters of the axis assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the body assembly includes a body shell and a stator fixed inside the body shell, the detector IV is arranged inside the stator, the axis assembly includes a rotor matching the stator and a rotating shaft mounted on the rotor, the first end of the rotating shaft is installed on the upper bearing seat, and the second end is installed on the lower bearing seat, the lower bearing seat is fixed to the head end of the body assembly, the first end is provided with an upper bearing locking nut passing through the upper bearing seat; the detector II is a distance switch, and a flat groove for detection by the distance switch is provided on the circumference of the upper bearing locking nut; the detector III is an encoder reader, and the upper bearing locking nut is installed with a coding disk for detection by the encoder reader, or, the detector III is an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is used to detect the vibration parameters of the upper bearing locking nut.

[0010] Preferably, the active communication control system includes a communication box shell fixed to the outside of the body assembly and a control panel arranged in the communication box shell, the control panel is connected to an input cable, the input cable is connected to the stator, the cooling assembly and the detector assembly, the control panel leads out an output cable through the communication box shell, and the control panel is also connected to a number of adjustment buttons and a tool switch.

[0011] Preferably, the lower bearing seat is provided with a lower bearing I and a lower bearing II which are mounted on the rotating shaft, and a spacer assembly is provided between the lower bearing I and the lower bearing II. The spacer assembly includes a lower bearing inner ring spacer provided on the outside of the rotating shaft and a lower bearing outer ring spacer provided on the outside of the lower bearing inner ring spacer, and a concave-convex shoulder is provided between the lower bearing outer ring spacer and the lower bearing inner ring spacer.

[0012] Preferably, the tool changing system includes a spring seat arranged inside the rotating shaft, a pull rod movably passed through the rotating shaft and the spring seat, and a spring installed on the spring seat and covering the pull rod, the first end of the pull rod is connected to a pull rod nut, the second end of the pull rod is connected to a claw seat and a claw for clamping the tool, and the pull rod nut has a gradient surface for detection by the detector I.

[0013] Preferably, the pneumatic assembly includes a cylinder body, a cylinder upper cover plate, a cylinder lower cover plate, a piston I, a piston II, a piston nut, an airway rod, a piston rod and a return spring. The cylinder upper cover plate, the cylinder lower cover plate and the upper part of the cylinder body form an air chamber, the piston I and the piston rod are arranged at the upper end, the piston II is arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, the piston nut is connected to the bottom of the piston rod by a thread, the upper end surface of the piston nut step is arranged on the bottom surface of the piston II, and the return spring is arranged between the piston I and the piston II.

[0014] Preferably, the piston rod is provided with a shoulder connected to the piston II to push the piston II to move. The piston rod is provided with an internal thread toward the piston nut to cooperate with the external thread of the piston nut. When the piston nut gets out of control and hits the rotating pull rod nut, it will be rotated to separate the piston nut from the piston rod to prevent damage to the axis assembly.

[0015] Preferably, the cooling component includes a fan mounting seat, a fan cover and a high-speed fan, the fan mounting seat is arranged at the rear end of the pneumatic component, the high-speed fan is arranged on the fan mounting seat, the fan cover is arranged at the rear end of the fan mounting seat to form an air inlet, the pneumatic component and the cooling component are superimposed to form an air outlet, the pneumatic component is provided with an air duct with heat dissipation spokes, the pneumatic component is connected to the body component to form an air induced air channel, and the air induced air channel is connected to the air outlet.

[0016] Compared with the above background technology, the active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by the present invention includes a body assembly, an active communication control system is provided on the outside of the body assembly, a cooling assembly is provided at the rear end of the body assembly, an axis assembly and a detector assembly for detecting the axis assembly are installed in the body assembly, a tool changing system for clamping a tool is provided in the axis assembly, a pneumatic assembly for driving the tool changing system is provided between the cooling assembly and the axis assembly, and the active communication control system is connected to the machine tool equipment for communication. The active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle actively detects the running state of the electric spindle itself through the detector assembly and communicates and controls with the machine tool equipment. The structure is integrated on the electric spindle, and the control process is also implemented on the electric spindle. For example: for the temperature detected by the detector assembly, the active communication control system can directly control the spindle and feed back the control result to the machine tool. For tool changing, the spindle can also be directly adjusted to adapt to tool handles of different specifications, which solves the problem of a certain lag in the passive control logic, has stronger immediacy, and good adaptability to different process applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 An exploded schematic diagram of an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 Another structural schematic diagram of an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle stator;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the septum sleeve;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the position of the air induction channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle pulling claw;

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a detector assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] in:

[0027] 00-machine body assembly, 01-receiving chamber, 02-machine body shell, 03-induction air channel, 10-cooling assembly, 20-axis assembly, 21-rotating shaft, 22-lower bearing I, 23-lower bearing II, 24-lower bearing seat, 25-lower bearing inner ring locking nut, 26-lower bearing outer ring locking nut, 27-lower bearing outer ring spacer, 28-lower bearing inner ring spacer, 29-upper bearing I, 30-upper bearing II, 31-upper bearing locking nut, 32-upper bearing seat, 40-tool changing system, 41-pull rod, 42-claw seat, 43-claw, 44-pull rod nut, 45-spring seat, 46-spring, 48-pull rod top screw, 50-pneumatic assembly, 51-cylinder body, 52-cylinder upper cover plate, 53-cylinder lower cover plate, 54-piston I, 55-piston II, 56-piston nut, 57-airway rod, 59-piston rod, 60-detector assembly, 61-signal line, 62-detector mounting seat, 63-detector I, 64-detector II, 65-detector III, 70-active communication control system, 71-output cable, 72-communication box housing, 73-control panel, 74-input cable, 80-tool, 001-step I, 002-step II, 101-fan mounting seat, 102-fan cover, 103-high-speed fan, 105-air outlet, 211-rotor, 212-stator, 213-pin I, 214-shaft balance ring, 215-shaft receiving chamber, 271-shoulder I, 281-shoulder II, 421-claw bevel groove, 501-reset spring, 541-pin II. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0030] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 ,in, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2The exploded schematic diagram of the active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 3 Another structural schematic diagram of an active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the stator. Figure 5 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the septum sleeve. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the position of the air induction channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle claw. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a detector assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] In the first specific embodiment, the active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by the present invention includes a body component 00, an active communication control system 70 is provided on the outside of the body component 00, a cooling component 10 is provided at the rear end of the body component 00, an axis component 20 and a detector component 60 for detecting the axis component 20 are installed in the body component 00, a tool changing system 40 for clamping a tool 80 and performing processing operations is provided in the axis component 20, a pneumatic component 50 for driving the tool changing system 40 is provided between the cooling component 10 and the axis component 20, and the active communication control system 70 is communicatively connected with the machine tool equipment. The active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle actively detects the operating status of the electric spindle itself and communicates with the machine tool equipment for control through the detector component 60. The structure is integrated on the electric spindle, and the control process is also implemented on the electric spindle. For example: for the temperature detected by the detector component 60, the active communication control system 70 can use a panel, which can directly control the spindle and feedback the control result to the machine tool. For tool changing, the spindle's adaptability to tool holders of different specifications can also be directly adjusted. The existing products cannot adjust the adaptability of tool holders through the panel, and can only be adjusted through assembly and disassembly. This solves the problem of certain lag in passive control logic, has stronger immediacy, and has good adaptability to different process applications.

[0032] In this embodiment, the body assembly 00 includes a hollow body shell 02 , in which an upper bearing seat 32 for mounting the shaft assembly 20 is disposed, and the detector assembly 60 is disposed on the top of the upper bearing seat 32 .

[0033] Specifically, a receiving cavity 01 for accommodating the upper bearing seat 32 and the axis assembly 20 is formed in the body shell 02, and the body shell 02 is provided with a step II002, and the upper bearing seat 32 is arranged on the step 002. The pneumatic assembly 50 is arranged on the top of the body shell 02, the cooling assembly 10 is arranged on the top of the pneumatic assembly 50, the tool changing system 40 movably passes through the axis assembly 20, and the tail end of the tool changing system 40 is arranged in the receiving cavity 01.

[0034] In this embodiment, the detector assembly 60 includes a detector mounting seat 62, a detector I63 and a detector II64 disposed on the detector mounting seat 62, a detector III65 disposed on the upper bearing seat 32, and a detector IV disposed in the body assembly 00, the detector I63 is used to detect the broaching position of the tool changing system 40, the detector IV is used to detect the actual temperature of the axis assembly 20, the detector II64 is used to detect the rotation parameters of the axis assembly 20, and the detector III65 is used to detect the rotation parameters or vibration parameters of the axis assembly 20.

[0035] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the rotation parameters of the axis component 20 are detected by detector II64, and detector III65, as an optional complementary option, can be set as a detector for detecting the rotation parameters of the axis component 20, or can be set as a detector for detecting the vibration parameters of the axis component 20, which should all fall within the scope of the description of this embodiment.

[0036] In this embodiment, the active communication control system 70 includes a communication box shell 72 fixed to the outside of the body shell 02 and a control panel 73 arranged in the communication box shell 72. The control panel 73 is connected to the cooling component 10, the axis component 20 and the detector component 60 through the input cable 74. The control panel 73 leads out the output cable 71 through the communication box shell 72. The control panel 73 is connected to the CNC system of the machine tool equipment via the output cable 71. The control panel 73 is also connected to a number of adjustment buttons and tool switches.

[0037] Specifically, the signal line 61 of the detector assembly 60 is connected to the active communication control system 70 through the upper bearing seat 32 and the body shell 02. The detector I63 is positioned facing the tool changing system 40, and the detector II64 is positioned facing the axis assembly 20. The signal line 61 is led out from the detector I63 and the detector II64, and is connected to the control panel 73 through the side channel of the upper bearing seat 32 through the body shell 02.

[0038] In this embodiment, the body assembly 00 also includes a stator 212 fixed inside the body shell 02, and the detector IV is set inside the stator 212. The axis assembly 20 includes a rotor 211 matched with the stator 212 and a rotating shaft 21 mounted on the rotor 211. The stator 212 and the rotor 211 are two separate parts. Among them, the first end of the rotating shaft 21 is installed on the upper bearing seat 32, and the second end is installed on the lower bearing seat 24. The lower bearing seat 24 is fixed to the head end of the body shell 02, and the first end is provided with an upper bearing locking nut 31 that passes through the upper bearing seat 32. In order to detect the rotation parameters of the axis component 20 by the detector II64, the detector II64 is a distance switch, and a flat groove for detection by the distance switch is provided on the circumference of the upper bearing locking nut 31; in order to detect the rotation parameters of the axis component 20 by the detector III65, the detector III65 is an encoder reader, and the upper bearing locking nut 31 is equipped with an encoder disc for detection by the encoder reader; in addition, in order to detect the vibration parameters of the axis component 20 by the detector III65, the detector III65 is an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is used to detect the vibration parameters of the upper bearing locking nut 31. Among them, the rotation parameters include the vector angle and speed of rotation, and the vibration parameters are specifically the vibration amplitude and vibration frequency.

[0039] Specifically, two flat grooves are arranged on the circumference of the upper bearing locking nut 31. The flat grooves rotate coaxially with the rotating shaft 21. The detector II64 is positioned facing the upper bearing locking nut 31. Each time the flat groove 311 passes through the detector II64, the detector II64 outputs an electrical signal to the control panel 73. The control panel 73 can directly read the current rotation speed of the rotating shaft 21 and feed it back to the machine tool system, thereby optimizing the traditional machine tools that only rely on the power supply frequency to capture the rotation speed of the electric spindle, but often suffer from the disadvantages of speed lag and distortion.

[0040] In addition, the upper bearing locking nut 31 can be installed with an encoding disk, and the detector III65 can read each pulse signal of the encoding disk and feed it back to the control panel 73. The control panel 73 can directly read the current rotation speed and vector direction angle real-time range of the rotating shaft 21 to the machine tool system.

[0041] Among them, the shaft balance ring 214 is interference fit with the rotor 211, the balance ring 214 is set on the top surface of the rotor 211, the rotor 211 is connected to the shaft 21 by screws, the stator 212 matched with the rotor 211 is interference fit with the receiving cavity 01, the receiving cavity 01 is provided with a step I001, the maximum outer diameter of the stator 212 is positioned and installed at the step I001, and the body shell 02 and the stator 212 are installed together by heat sleeve. The signal line 61 of the detector assembly 60, the power line led out of the stator 212 and the power supply of the cooling assembly 10 are concentrated together to form an input cable 74, the input cable 74 is connected to the control panel 73, the control panel 73 passes through the communication box shell 72 to lead out the output cable 71, and the adjustment button and the tool switch button are connected to the control panel 73 through the signal line 61.

[0042] In this embodiment, a lower bearing I22 and a lower bearing II23 which are mounted on the rotating shaft 21 are provided in the lower bearing seat 24, and a spacer assembly is provided between the lower bearing I22 and the lower bearing II23. The spacer assembly is used to isolate the lower bearing I22 and the lower bearing II23. Specifically, the spacer assembly includes a lower bearing inner ring spacer 28 provided on the outside of the rotating shaft 21 and a lower bearing outer ring spacer 27 provided on the outside of the lower bearing inner ring spacer 28. A concave and convex shoulder is provided between the lower bearing outer ring spacer 27 and the lower bearing inner ring spacer 28.

[0043] Specifically, the rotating shaft 21 passes through the rotor 211, and the lower end of the rotating shaft 21 passes through the lower bearing I22, the lower bearing inner ring spacer 28 and the lower bearing II23. A chamber for accommodating the lower bearing I22, the lower bearing outer ring spacer 27, the lower bearing inner ring spacer 28 and the lower bearing II23 is formed in the lower bearing seat 24. The lower bearing outer ring locking nut 26 is threadedly connected to the lower bearing seat 24, the lower bearing inner ring locking nut 25 is arranged at the top of the lower bearing 23, and the lower bearing seat 24 is arranged at the bottom of the body shell 02; the end of the rotating shaft 21 close to the pneumatic component 50 passes through the upper bearing I29 and the upper bearing II30, the upper bearing locking nut 31 is threadedly connected to the rotating shaft 21, the upper bearing locking nut 31 is arranged at the top of the upper bearing II30, and the upper bearing I29 and the upper bearing II30 are clearance-matched with the upper bearing seat 32.

[0044] In this embodiment, the tool changing system 40 includes a spring seat 45 arranged inside the rotating shaft 21, a pull rod 41 movably passed through the rotating shaft 21 and the spring seat 45, and a spring 46 installed on the spring seat 45 and covering the pull rod 41. The first end of the pull rod 41 is connected to the pull rod nut 44, and the second end of the pull rod 41 is connected to the claw seat 42 and the claw 43 for clamping the tool 80. The pull rod nut 44 has a gradient surface for detection by the detector I63, and the detector I63 is arranged facing the pull rod nut 44.

[0045] Specifically, the rod nut 44 is designed to be conical, and the distance to the detector I63 is different under different height states. The detector I63 transmits an electrical signal of the corresponding distance to the control panel 73, and the adjustment button is pressed to record the position of the tool 80 of this option. Subsequently, the automatic tool change function of the machine tool is started, and the detector I63 monitors whether the tool 80 meets the current option. If not, the control panel 73 actively outputs a stop motion command to the machine tool equipment and causes it to alarm.

[0046] The rod nut 44 is provided with an internal thread directly threadedly connected to the external thread of the first end of the rod 41, and the second end of the rod 41 is provided with an external thread connected to the internal thread of the claw seat 42, and then fastened through the rod top screw 48. The rod 41 is movably arranged in the rotating shaft 21 and is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 21. The rod 41 passes through the spring 46. The claw seat 42 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the rod 41 through the rod top screw 48. The claw 43 is spherical and is arranged in the claw seat inclined groove 421 of the claw seat 42. The rod 41 moves downward and pushes the claw seat 42 to move downward. The claw inclined groove 421 is separated from the rotating shaft receiving chamber 215. The claw 43 falls back into the inclined groove 421 due to natural gravity, and the tool 80 is released. The spring 46 is used to push the rod 41 to reset upward, and drive the claw seat 42 upward to make the inclined groove 421 enter the rotating shaft receiving chamber 215, and the claw 43 is squeezed and pushed out along the axis radial direction to clamp the tool 80.

[0047] In addition, the spring 46 is arranged at the bottom of the step at the tail end of the pull rod 41, the pull rod 41 passes through the spring seat 45, the spring seat 45 is arranged at the bottom of the spring 46, two cylindrical pin grooves are arranged at the bottom of the step at the tail end of the pull rod 41, which cooperate with the end face positioning key of the spring 46, two cylindrical pin grooves are arranged at the bottom of the spring seat 45 in the circumferential direction, and the circumferential pin grooves arranged at the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 21 are connected by pins, and two flat grooves are arranged at the top of the spring seat 45, which cooperate with the end face positioning key of the spring 46 to prevent the spring from twisting. Among them, the spring 46 is a rectangular coil spring, and the number of rectangular coil springs is one.

[0048] In this embodiment, the pneumatic assembly 50 includes a cylinder body 51, a cylinder upper cover plate 52, a cylinder lower cover plate 53, a piston I54, a piston II55, a piston nut 56, an airway rod 57, a piston rod 59 and a return spring 501. The cylinder upper cover plate 52, the cylinder lower cover plate 53 and the upper part of the cylinder body 51 form an air chamber, the piston I54 and the piston rod 59 are arranged at the upper end, the piston II55 is arranged at the bottom of the piston rod 59, the piston nut 56 is connected to the bottom of the piston rod 59 by a thread, and the upper end surface of the piston nut 56 is arranged on the bottom surface of the piston II55 The return spring 501 is arranged between the piston I54 and the piston II55. The piston I54 and the piston II55 are respectively provided with circumferential mounting holes for the return spring 501 to be inserted into. A pin II541 is provided between the piston I54 and the cylinder upper cover plate 52 to stabilize the reciprocating motion of the piston I54. One end of the pin II541 is connected to the piston I54, and the other end is connected to the pin hole of the cylinder upper cover plate 52. The length of the pin II541 is greater than the reciprocating motion stroke of the piston I54, thereby ensuring the stability of the reciprocating sliding of the piston I54 in the cylinder body 51.

[0049] Specifically, when the tool is changed, as the tool changing system 40 moves, the piston nut 56 transmits the gas pressure exerted on the piston I54 to the tool changing system 40, and as the pull rod 41 moves downward, the spring 46 is compressed, and the compressed reaction is transmitted to the rotating shaft 21 through the connecting pin I213. If there is no protective device at this time, the load will be directly transmitted to the lower bearing I22 and the lower bearing II23, causing fatigue wear of the bearings; and the present invention adds a lower bearing outer ring spacer 27 and a lower bearing inner ring spacer 28 as protective devices, both of which have shoulders I271 and shoulders II281, respectively, and a small gap is formed between the shoulders after installation. When the tool change load is applied, the shoulders I271 and shoulders II281 contact, and the load is transferred to the lower bearing seat 24, and then transferred to the body shell 02 for consumption.

[0050] In this embodiment, the piston rod 59 is provided with a step surface near the piston I54. After air is taken in, the air pressure pushes the piston I54, and the piston rod 59 is pushed toward the direction of the tie rod nut 44 through the step surface. The piston rod 59 then drives the piston nut 56 to move toward the direction of the tie rod nut 44. Similarly, the piston rod 59 is provided with a shoulder connected to the piston II55 to push the piston II55 to move. The piston rod 59 is provided with an internal thread toward the piston nut 56, which cooperates with the external thread of the piston nut 56. When the piston nut 56 loses control and hits the rotating tie rod nut 44, it will be rotated to separate the piston nut 56 from the piston rod 59 to prevent the shaft assembly 20 from being damaged.

[0051] Specifically, in the pneumatic component 50, the bottom of the piston rod 59 is connected to the piston nut 56 through a low-strength thread to perform a downward movement of the cylinder to drive the tool changing system 40 to operate. However, if an error occurs in the machine tool system and the axis system 20 does not stop rotating, the piston nut 56 will be screwed out of the piston rod 59 by the axis component 20, actively increasing the piston movement stroke, performing braking protection on the axis component 20, and preventing the axis component 20 from being damaged.

[0052] In addition, when the detector III65 is an acceleration sensor, the vibration value of the upper bearing locking nut 31 can be directly read, the vibration of the spindle can be read to the control panel 73, and the vibration limit value can be set on the control panel 73. If the vibration exceeds the limit value, the control panel 73 can actively output a stop motion instruction to the machine tool equipment and alarm. Detector IV is a temperature sensor embedded in the stator 212, which is connected to the control panel 73 together with the cable 74. The motor intervention cooling temperature can be preset in the control panel 73. When the motor (stator 212) reaches the preset temperature, the control panel 73 gives instructions to the cooling component 10 through the cable 74 to control it to start cooling, optimize the traditional air-cooled electric spindle. After the fan is powered on, it is always in operation, improve the life of the cooling component, and achieve lower energy consumption, energy saving and emission reduction.

[0053] In this embodiment, the cooling component 10 includes a fan mounting seat 101, a fan cover 102 and a high-speed fan 103. The fan mounting seat 101 is arranged at the rear end of the pneumatic component 50, the high-speed fan 103 is arranged on the fan mounting seat 101, and the fan cover 102 is arranged at the rear end of the fan mounting seat 101 to form an air inlet. The pneumatic component 50 and the cooling component 10 are superimposed to form an air outlet 105. The pneumatic component 50 is provided with an air duct with heat dissipation spokes. The pneumatic component 50 is connected to the body shell 02 to form an air duct 03. The air duct 03 is provided with heat dissipation spokes. The air duct 03 is connected to the air outlet 105. The power cord of the cooling component 10 is connected to the active communication control system 70 through the air duct 03.

[0054] It should be emphasized that the electric spindle can actively detect its own operating status and communicate and control with machine tool equipment, adopts a protective shaft system mechanism, dynamic balancing design and intelligent active communication design, uses sensors at key positions inside the spindle to detect and feedback the mechanical status of the spindle, and actively adjusts the signal output in a dynamic environment, and cooperates with the spindle protective shaft system mechanism and dynamic balancing design to provide better protection for the electric spindle and supporting processing equipment. In addition, for the target industry of the present invention, it is supplemented with air cooling and automatic tool changing systems, which simplifies the complexity of industry equipment and improves the concentration of production processes.

[0055] In a specific working process, when the detector I63 determines that the draw rod nut 44 has reached the correct broaching position, it outputs the corresponding position voltage value to the active communication control system 70. After the active communication control system 70 determines that the numerical voltage is the correct broaching voltage, it supplies the driving power to the stator 212 via the input cable 74, and the axis assembly 20 rotates. At this time, the machine tool can perform processing operations. If other optional tools 80 need to be applied, the tool switch button is pressed, and the signal line 61 is fed back to the control panel 73. The control panel 73 controls the machine tool air circuit solenoid valve to actuate and supply the pneumatic The high-pressure gas of the component 50 is driven downward by the piston nut 56 to make the tool changing system 40 move downward, so that the claw seat 42 moves downward, the claw inclined slot 421 is separated from the shaft receiving chamber 215, the claw 43 falls back, and the tool 80 is inserted into the tapered hole at the front end of the shaft, and then the tool switch button is pressed. At this time, the tool changing system 40 is at the height position of the current tool 80. At this time, the pull rod nut 44 is designed to be conical. The distance to the detector I63 is different under different height states. The detector I63 transmits an electrical signal of the corresponding distance to the control panel 73, and the adjustment button is pressed to record the position of the tool 80 of this option. Subsequently, the automatic tool changing function of the machine tool is started, and the detector I63 monitors whether the tool 80 meets the current option. If it does not meet the requirements, the control panel 73 will actively output a stop motion command to the machine tool equipment and alarm. The above parameters, such as the number of tool changes, spindle rotation time and life cycle, will be stored in the control panel 73 and fed back to the machine tool system or an external connection device with the same communication protocol.

[0056] The electric spindle is an electric spindle that can actively detect its own operating status and communicate and control with machine tool equipment, and at the same time enhance the protection of the spindle shaft system. Electric spindles on the current market generally use liquid cooling or external air cooling, direct contact shaft system structure and passive communication technologies to achieve the use and control of the electric spindle. At present, the electric spindle mainly relies on internal switching sensors and thermistors to be read by machine tool equipment to read the position signal of the broaching system and the temperature of the electric spindle. After judgment, the system of the machine tool equipment outputs voltage or current instructions to the spindle for control. Such passive control logic has a certain lag and does not have adjustable flexibility. It cannot be changed after adjustment to a specific mechanical position, and has poor adaptability to different process applications.

[0057] A straight spacer is used to pre-tighten the support bearing to provide support for the spindle operation. When the spindle axis structure is subjected to force after the spindle tool changing system moves, all the load is transferred to the bearing, which can easily cause abnormalities such as reduced bearing life and damage.

[0058] At the same time, traditional spindles mainly use liquid cooling, but the liquid cooling method requires the addition of auxiliary equipment such as liquid coolers and liquid pumps, which has a complex structure and high cost. For high-speed light cutting processing conditions, electric spindles generally use air cooling for cooling, using an external power supply to drive the axial flow fan to rotate to generate axial airflow, and the airflow cools the spindle from top to bottom through the air duct between the cylinder, the upper bearing seat and the shell. This conventional air cooling requires the upper bearing seat to be connected to the body to design an air duct, which increases the overall volume of the electric spindle, affects the compactness of the structure, and the fan is in a long-term running state with power on, and there is no control over energy consumption.

[0059] An active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle takes into account the above-mentioned disadvantages and adds a detector connected to the control panel at the key mechanical movement position of the electric spindle. The electric spindle actively detects its own operating status and communicates and controls with the machine tool equipment. According to the tools of different specifications, the signal output by the sensor can be adjusted to make the spindle adapt to tools of different models and specifications. The spindle cooling system can be started and stopped according to the temperature of the spindle motor. The spindle speed and vibration can be detected by itself, the processing can be diagnosed, the start and stop of the machine tool can be controlled, and the protection of the spindle shaft system can be enhanced at the same time, so that the adaptability, reliability and economy of the spindle for processing are improved.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity from other entities, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0061] The above is a detailed introduction to the active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle provided by the present invention. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active communication type automatic tool changing electric spindle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a machine body component (00), an active communication control system (70) is arranged on the outside of the machine body component (00), a cooling component (10) is arranged at the rear end of the machine body component (00), an axis component (20) and a detector component (60) for detecting the axis component (20) are installed in the machine body component (00), a tool changing system (40) for clamping a tool (80) is arranged in the axis component (20), a pneumatic component (50) for driving the tool changing system (40) is arranged between the cooling component (10) and the axis component (20), and the active communication control system (70) is communicatively connected with a machine tool device; The detector assembly (60) comprises a detector I (63), a detector II (64), a detector III (65) and a detector IV, wherein the detector I (63) is used to detect the broach position of the tool changing system (40), the detector II (64) is used to detect the rotation parameter of the axis assembly (20), the detector IV is used to detect the actual temperature of the axis assembly (20), and the detector III (65) is used to detect the rotation parameter or vibration parameter of the axis assembly (20); The tool changing system (40) includes a spring seat (45) arranged inside the rotating shaft (21) of the axial assembly (20), a pull rod (41) movably passed through the rotating shaft (21) and the spring seat (45), and a spring (46) installed on the spring seat (45) and covering the pull rod (41), the first end of the pull rod (41) is connected to the pull rod nut (44), the second end of the pull rod (41) is connected to the claw seat (42) and the claw (43) for clamping the tool (80), and the pull rod nut (44) has a gradient surface for detection by the detector I (63).

2. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An upper bearing seat (32) for mounting the shaft assembly (20) is provided in the body assembly (00), and the detector assembly (60) is arranged on the upper bearing seat (32).

3. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The detector assembly (60) includes a detector mounting seat (62), the detector I (63) and the detector II (64) arranged on the detector mounting seat (62), the detector III (65) arranged on the upper bearing seat (32) and the detector IV arranged on the body assembly (00).

4. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The machine body component (00) comprises a machine body shell (02) and a stator (212) fixed inside the machine body shell (02); the detector IV is arranged inside the stator (212); the axis component (20) comprises a rotor (211) matched with the stator (212) and a rotating shaft (21) sleeved on the rotor (211); a first end of the rotating shaft (21) is mounted on the upper bearing seat (32) and a second end is mounted on the lower bearing seat (24); the lower bearing seat (24) is fixed to the machine body component (00) The first end is provided with an upper bearing locking nut (31) passing through the upper bearing seat (32); the detector II (64) is a distance switch, and a flat groove for detection by the distance switch is provided on the circumference of the upper bearing locking nut (31); the detector III (65) is an encoder reader, and the upper bearing locking nut (31) is equipped with an encoding disk for detection by the encoder reader, or the detector III (65) is an acceleration sensor, and the acceleration sensor is used to detect the vibration parameters of the upper bearing locking nut (31).

5. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The active communication control system (70) includes a communication box housing (72) fixed to the outside of the body component (00) and a control panel (73) arranged in the communication box housing (72), the control panel (73) is connected to an input cable (74), the input cable (74) is connected to the stator (212), the cooling component (10) and the detector component (60), the control panel (73) passes through the communication box housing (72) to lead out an output cable (71), and the control panel (73) is also connected to a plurality of adjustment buttons and a tool switch.

6. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The lower bearing seat (24) is provided with a lower bearing I (22) and a lower bearing II (23) which are mounted on the rotating shaft (21); a spacer assembly is provided between the lower bearing I (22) and the lower bearing II (23); the spacer assembly comprises a lower bearing inner ring spacer (28) which is arranged on the outer side of the rotating shaft (21) and a lower bearing outer ring spacer (27) which is arranged on the outer side of the lower bearing inner ring spacer (28); a concave-convex shoulder is provided between the lower bearing outer ring spacer (27) and the lower bearing inner ring spacer (28).

7. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The pneumatic assembly (50) comprises a cylinder body (51), an upper cylinder cover plate (52), a lower cylinder cover plate (53), a piston I (54), a piston II (55), a piston nut (56), a piston rod (59) and a return spring (501). The upper cylinder cover plate (52), the lower cylinder cover plate (53) and the upper part of the cylinder body (51) form an air chamber. The piston I (54) and the piston rod (59) are arranged at the upper end, the piston II (55) is arranged at the bottom of the piston rod (59), the piston nut (56) is connected to the bottom of the piston rod (59) by threading, the upper end surface of the step of the piston nut (56) is arranged on the bottom surface of the piston II (55), and the return spring (501) is arranged between the piston I (54) and the piston II (55).

8. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The piston rod (59) is provided with a shoulder connected to the piston II (55) to push the piston II (55) to move. The piston rod (59) is provided with an internal thread toward the piston nut (56) to cooperate with the external thread of the piston nut (56). When the piston nut (56) loses control and hits the rotating tie rod nut (44), it will be rotated to separate the piston nut (56) from the piston rod (59) to prevent the axis assembly (20) from being damaged.

9. The active communication automatic tool changing electric spindle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cooling component (10) comprises a fan mounting seat (101), a fan cover (102) and a high-speed fan (103); the fan mounting seat (101) is arranged at the rear end of the pneumatic component (50); the high-speed fan (103) is arranged on the fan mounting seat (101); the fan cover (102) is arranged at the rear end of the fan mounting seat (101) to form an air inlet; the pneumatic component (50) and the cooling component (10) are superimposed to form an air outlet (105); the pneumatic component (50) is provided with an air duct with heat dissipation spokes; the pneumatic component (50) is connected to the body component (00) to form an air induction channel (03); and the air induction channel (03) is connected to the air outlet (105).

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