Ignition and combustion method of transformer fire simulation device

Abstract

An ignition and combustion method for a transformer fire simulation device, the device includes: a transformer body, an outlet bushing, an oil pillow, a remote manual valve, a splash pipe, a top burning oil pool, a simulated tap switch burning oil pool, a nitrogen exhaust pipe valve, a pressure release device, a high-pressure bushing simulated burning oil pool, a medium-pressure bushing simulated burning oil pool, a transformer simulated radiator, a current terminal, a voltage terminal, a duckbill nozzle, an operating manhole, a first temperature probe, a second temperature probe, a third temperature probe, and a fourth temperature probe. The internal structure and external structure provided by the fire simulation device of the present invention can effectively promote the simulation of the fire form consistent with the fire form of a real large transformer. The present invention also standardizes the ignition and combustion mode, and provides a basic test platform for testing and evaluating different fire protection systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the research field of power transformer fire protection, and more specifically, relates to a transformer fire simulation device and an ignition and combustion method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Except for some small transformers that use solid insulation, other large-capacity and high-voltage power transformers in the power system use oil-paper insulation. Among them, transformer oil accounts for the largest proportion of the total mass of the combustible materials of the transformer, and plays a role in heat dissipation and insulation. Transformer oil has a high flash point (generally greater than 135°C), a large density (relative density up to 0.895), and a specific heat capacity of about 0.5 (Cal / g•℃). Under normal temperature conditions, transformer oil is not flammable, but the temperature of transformer oil in working state is generally above 75°C, and the highest allowable operating temperature is even as high as 95°C. At this time, transformer oil is more likely to be ignited than at normal temperature. In addition, the insulating materials used in transformers include a large amount of paper, wood, and cloth materials. Most of these insulating materials belong to Class A insulating materials, and their maximum operating temperature is 105°C. Their performance and quality directly affect the reliability of transformer operation and the service life of the transformer. Research shows that internal faults are the main cause of transformer fires. The arc or high temperature caused by the initial internal fault of the equipment will gasify the high temperature of the insulating material (mainly insulating oil) and produce flammable combustibles. The strong energy produces violent internal reactions. The short-term violent reaction causes the transformer pressure relief valve to spray oil, and even causes the transformer box to crack. The decomposition products and high-temperature insulating oil splash out and combine with the air to form a fire. In addition, the fire produces CO, HCL, HCN, CL2, CO 2 And other toxic and harmful gases further expand the fire hazard.

[0003] Domestic and foreign experts have also conducted extensive research on the main parts of transformer fires. For example, Martin and other scholars have conducted statistics on transformer fire accidents in the Australian power system and found that bushing and tap changer failures are the main causes of transformer fires, with bushing failures accounting for 41% and tap changer failures accounting for 15%. According to the 25-year transformer fire data of the Quebec Power Company in Canada provided by the International Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the causes of transformer fires also follow a similar pattern.

[0004] Timely extinguishing of transformer fire is an effective means to effectively reduce equipment and personnel losses. Traditional transformer fire extinguishing technology is mainly divided into four categories: fixed water sprinkler (fog) fire extinguishing system, fine water mist fire extinguishing system, oil drainage and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing system, and foam fire extinguishing system. Although relevant scholars have carried out a large number of simulation and real-type simulation tests around its fire extinguishing effect and scope of application, most of the simulation equipment uses small devices, which are quite different from the transformers in actual engineering in terms of quality and volume, and cannot simulate the basic form of actual fire. However, if a real power transformer is used, it is expensive, heavy, and difficult to construct. After the test, it will cause irreversible loss to the transformer, resulting in huge cost for each test, which is not conducive to the repetition and continuous development of transformer combustion tests. In addition, different researchers often set the simulated fire point according to their own experience, and the research content of different research objects is often not comparable. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an ignition and combustion method for a transformer fire simulation device.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A transformer fire simulation device, comprising: a transformer body 7, an outlet bushing 1, an oil pillow 2, a remote manual valve 3, a nitrogen exhaust pipe valve 8, a pressure release device 9, a transformer simulation radiator 12, and an operating manhole 16; the transformer fire simulation device also includes:

[0008] Current terminal 13, voltage terminal 14, duckbill nozzle 15, electric spray pipe 4, top burning oil pool 5, simulated tap switch burning oil pool 6, high-voltage bushing simulated burning oil pool 10, medium-voltage bushing simulated burning oil pool 11, first temperature probe 17, second temperature probe 18, third temperature probe 19 and fourth temperature probe 20;

[0009] The outlet bushing 1, the oil pillow 2, the top combustion oil pool 5, the pressure release device 9, and the operating manhole 16 are arranged on the top of the transformer body 7;

[0010] One side of the left and right sides of the transformer body 7 is connected to an external nitrogen injection device, and the other side is connected to a transformer simulated radiator 12;

[0011] The transformer body 7 contains a simulated oil pool.

[0012] The outlet bushing 1 comprises: a high-voltage side outlet bushing, a medium-voltage side outlet bushing and a low-voltage side outlet bushing, and a lifting seat and a test sleeve are respectively arranged on the three side outlet bushings;

[0013] A high-pressure bushing fire simulation combustion oil pool 10 is arranged at the upper end of the high-pressure side outlet bushing elevation seat, and a medium-pressure bushing fire simulation combustion oil pool 11 is arranged at the upper end of the medium-pressure side outlet bushing elevation seat.

[0014] The width of the high-pressure bushing fire simulation combustion oil pool 10 and the medium-pressure bushing fire simulation combustion oil pool 11 is the length from the outer edge of the corresponding outlet bushing to the outer edge of the rising seat.

[0015] The splash pipe 4 extends from the lower part of the oil pillow 2, and a remote manual valve 3 is arranged at the upper end thereof, and a duckbill nozzle 15 is arranged at the lower end thereof.

[0016] The simulated tap switch simulated burning oil pool (6) is arranged at the tap switch of the transformer body (7), and the length, width and height have a value range of [0.6m, 0.8m], [0.6m, 0.8m] and 0.15m respectively.

[0017] The diameter of the pressure release device 9 ranges from [20cm, 30cm].

[0018] The transformer body 7 has a simulated oil pool structure inside. The outer surface of the long side of the transformer body is provided with a current terminal 13 which is connected to the internal simulated winding and controls the current size through an external commutation device.

[0019] A voltage terminal 14 is designed on the outer surface of the long side of the transformer body 7 and is connected to the discharge gap in the simulated oil pool inside the transformer body 7 .

[0020] The first temperature probe 17 , the second temperature probe 18 , the third temperature probe 19 and the fourth temperature probe 20 are respectively arranged on the front, rear, left and right sides of the outer side of the transformer body 7 .

[0021] The external nitrogen injection device is connected to the transformer body 7 through a pipeline; wherein the nitrogen injection device includes a control system and a nitrogen injection system;

[0022] The control system adopts relay control, the receiving signal is a DC220V signal, the output communication signal contact can withstand the non-electrical contact of DC220V voltage, and the communication with the host computer is transmitted through the non-electrical contact; when the transformer body 7 is in danger of fire or explosion, the nitrogen exhaust pipe valve 8 of the nitrogen injection system is opened, and nitrogen is filled into the transformer from the bottom of the transformer through the nitrogen injection pipeline of the nitrogen injection system to cool the internal oil temperature of the transformer and isolate the air at the same time.

[0023] The present invention also discloses an ignition and combustion method based on the transformer fire simulation device, and the ignition and combustion method comprises the following contents:

[0024] Ignition combustion methods include internal combustion and external combustion methods;

[0025] The internal combustion method is: the transformer body 7 is electrically ignited, and a pressure device is connected to the voltage terminal 14 to realize the internal combustion mode by igniting the combustibles through the breakdown arc, and the combustibles include gasoline and gasoline-soaked materials;

[0026] The external combustion method is as follows: standard transformer insulating oil is injected into any burning oil pool, and a 40L-70L gasoline bag can be hung at a height of 200mm-300mm from the surface of the high-voltage bushing simulated burning oil pool 10 and the medium-voltage bushing simulated burning oil pool 11, and a 100L-200L gasoline bag can be hung at a height of 200mm-300mm from the surface of the simulated tap changer burning oil pool 6 and the top burning oil pool 5;

[0027] When igniting, a combination of remote electronic ignition and manual ignition rod ignition is used;

[0028] Among them, the remote electronic ignition device adopts 220 V alternating current, which passes through the discharge tube, high-temperature resistant cable, ignition rod and uses impact current to ignite the fuse on the gasoline bag; the manual ignition rod ignition adopts an ignition rod made of carbon fiber material, and ignites in the form of sparks produced by ventilation of the gas tank. By opening the remote manual valve 3 of the oil pillow and the splash pipe 4, the oil in the oil pillow 2 is filled into the upper burning oil pool of the transformer through the duckbill nozzle 15, forming a flowing fire on the upper part of the transformer.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. The internal structure and external structure provided by the novel transformer fire simulation device proposed by the present invention can effectively promote the simulation of fire forms consistent with the fire forms of real large transformers;

[0031] 2. The structure of the transformer fire simulation device in the present invention can effectively prevent transformer fires caused by internal faults of the internal fire simulation device, and prevent accidents caused by arcs or high temperatures that vaporize insulating materials and produce flammable combustibles due to initial internal faults of the equipment;

[0032] 3. The present invention standardizes the ignition and combustion mode, can simulate the basic form of a large power transformer fire, and provide a basic test platform for testing and evaluating different fire protection systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a front view of a transformer fire simulation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A top view of a transformer fire simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] The reference numerals in the above drawings are as follows:

[0036] 1--Outlet casing;

[0037] 2--Oil pillow;

[0038] 3--Remote manual valve;

[0039] 4--Splash pipe;

[0040] 5--Top burning oil pool;

[0041] 6--Simulation of burning oil pool of tap changer;

[0042] 7--Transformer body;

[0043] 8--Nitrogen exhaust pipe valve;

[0044] 9--Pressure relief device;

[0045] 10--High-pressure casing simulates burning oil pool;

[0046] 11--Medium pressure casing simulates burning oil pool;

[0047] 12--Transformer simulated radiator;

[0048] 13--Current terminal;

[0049] 14--voltage terminal;

[0050] 15--Duckbill nozzle;

[0051] 16--Operation manhole;

[0052] 17--First temperature probe;

[0053] 18--Second temperature probe;

[0054] 19--The third temperature probe;

[0055] 20--Fourth temperature probe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0057] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The figure shows a front view and a top view of a transformer fire simulation device of the present invention, which specifically includes: a transformer body 7, an outlet bushing 1, an oil pillow 2, a remote manual valve 3, a splash pipe 4, a top burning oil pool 5, a simulated tap switch burning oil pool 6, a nitrogen exhaust pipe valve 8, a pressure release device 9, a high-pressure bushing simulated burning oil pool 10, a medium-pressure bushing simulated burning oil pool 11, a transformer simulated radiator 12, a current terminal 13, a voltage terminal 14, a duckbill nozzle 15, an operating manhole 16, a first temperature probe 17, a second temperature probe 18, a third temperature probe 19 and a fourth temperature probe 20;

[0058] The outlet bushing 1, the oil pillow 2, the top combustion oil pool 5, the pressure release device 9, and the operating manhole 16 are arranged on the top of the transformer body 7;

[0059] One side of the left and right sides of the transformer body 7 is connected to an external nitrogen injection device, and the other side is connected to a transformer simulated radiator 12;

[0060] The transformer body 7 contains a simulated oil pool;

[0061] Specifically, the outlet bushings 1 are arranged along the two groups of long sides of the top of the transformer body 7, separated by the oil pillow 2 in the middle. The outlet bushings 1 include high-voltage side outlet bushings, medium-voltage side outlet bushings, and low-voltage side outlet bushings. The three side outlet bushings are respectively provided with a riser and a test bushing. Preferably, the number of high-voltage side outlet bushings is 4, the number of medium-voltage side outlet bushings is 4, and the number of low-voltage side outlet bushings is 3. The high voltage range is [110kV, 220kV], the medium voltage range is [35kV, 110kV), and the low voltage range is [10kV, 35kV). In the present invention, the high voltage uses 220kV, the medium voltage uses 35kV, and the low voltage uses 10kV.

[0062] Preferably, the transformer fire simulation device simulates the appearance dimensions of a 220kV three-phase three-winding YNyn0d11 power transformer. The length of the transformer body 7 ranges from [9m, 11m], the width ranges from [3m, 4m], the height ranges from [3m, 4m], and there is an oil storage cabinet on the top of the transformer body 7.

[0063] A high-pressure bushing fire simulation burning oil pool 10 is provided at the upper end of the high-pressure side outlet bushing elevation seat, and a medium-pressure bushing fire simulation burning oil pool 11 is provided at the upper end of the medium-pressure side outlet bushing elevation seat. The widths of the two burning pools are respectively the lengths from the outer edge of the corresponding outlet bushing to the outer edge of the elevation seat, and are used to simulate bushing fires caused by bushing failures; a splash pipe 4 extends from the lower part of the oil pillow 2, a remote manual valve 3 is provided at the upper end thereof, and a duckbill nozzle 15 is provided at the lower end thereof;

[0064] The simulated tap changer simulated burning oil pool 6 is arranged at the tap changer of the transformer body 7, and the length, width and height are in the range of [0.6m, 0.8m], [0.6m, 0.8m] and 0.15m respectively, and is used to simulate a fire at the tap changer caused by a tap changer fault;

[0065] A top burning oil pool 5 is provided on the upper part of the transformer body 7, and the length, width and height of the top burning oil pool 5 are respectively in the range of [0.5m, 0.7m], [0.4m, 0.6m] and 0.15m, so as to simulate the splashing fire caused by the oil leakage of the transformer oil pillow connecting pipe and even the surrounding fire of the transformer in the test;

[0066] A pressure release device 9 is disposed on the top of the transformer body 7, and its diameter ranges from [20cm, 30cm], which is used to achieve direct conduction between the inside and outside of the transformer, and avoid the risk of explosion of the simulation device caused by intense internal combustion during the internal combustion test. The transformer body 7 adopts a simulated oil pool structure inside to simulate the oil-immersed coil system of the transformer. At the same time, a current terminal 13 is provided on the surface of the transformer body 7, which is connected to the internal simulated winding, and the current size is controlled by an external commutation device. Through this current loop, it can be used to preheat the insulating oil in the simulated oil pool of the transformer, simulate the equipment status during the actual operation of the transformer, and can be used to analyze the impact of high temperature on the degree of degradation of the main insulating materials of the transformer;

[0067] At the same time, a voltage terminal 14 is provided on the surface of the transformer body 7, which is connected to the discharge gap in the simulated oil pool inside the transformer body 7. By applying different voltages externally, the situation of fire caused by insulation medium breakdown due to voltage is simulated.

[0068] The top of the transformer body 7 is equipped with an operating manhole 16, with a length range of [0.5m, 0.7m] and a width of 0.5m. It is used by test personnel to prefabricate and replace test winding units and current and voltage to fire spare parts according to test needs, as well as to realize internal operations such as oil filling of the internal simulated oil pool and prefabrication of combustion media.

[0069] The front, rear, left and right sides of the transformer body 7 are respectively provided with a first temperature probe 17, a second temperature probe 18, a third temperature probe 19 and a fourth temperature probe 20, which are used to monitor the temperature of the insulating oil in the simulated oil pool inside the transformer body 7. In order to simulate the fire extinguishing performance of the oil draining and nitrogen injection device, the transformer fire simulation device of the present invention is equipped with a set of nitrogen injection devices, which are connected to the transformer body 7 through a pipeline. Among them, the nitrogen injection device mainly consists of a control system and a nitrogen injection system. The control system adopts relay control, the receiving signal is a DC220V signal, the output communication signal contact can withstand the non-electrical contact of the DC220V voltage, and the communication with the host computer is transmitted through the non-electrical contact. When the transformer is in danger of fire or explosion, the nitrogen exhaust pipe valve 8 of the nitrogen injection system is opened, and the nitrogen is filled into the transformer from the bottom of the transformer through the nitrogen injection pipeline of the nitrogen injection system to cool the oil temperature inside the transformer and isolate the air at the same time.

[0070] The left and right sides of the transformer body 7 are connected to an external nitrogen injection device on one side and to a transformer simulated radiator 12 on the other side;

[0071] The present invention also discloses an ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device of the present invention, including internal combustion and external combustion methods;

[0072] The internal combustion method is: the transformer body 7 is electrically ignited, and a pressure device is connected to the voltage terminal 14 to ignite the combustibles by breaking through the arc to realize the internal combustion mode. The combustibles include gasoline and gasoline-soaked objects.

[0073] The external combustion method is as follows: during the test, standard transformer insulating oil is injected into any burning oil pool, and a 40L-70L gasoline bag can be hung at a height of 200mm-300mm from the surface of the high-voltage bushing simulated burning oil pool 10 and the medium-voltage bushing simulated burning oil pool 11, and a 100L-200L gasoline bag can be hung at a height of 200mm-300mm from the surface of the simulated tap changer burning oil pool 6 and the top burning oil pool 5. During ignition, a combination of remote electronic ignition and manual ignition rod ignition is adopted. The remote electronic ignition device uses 220 V AC, which passes through the discharge tube, high-temperature resistant cable, and the ignition rod and uses the impact current to ignite the lead on the gasoline oil bag, and ignites the gasoline to achieve the role of assisting the combustion of the insulating oil. The manual ignition rod ignition uses a carbon fiber ignition rod, which is ignited by ventilating the gas tank to generate sparks. The operator needs to wear safety protection equipment and portable combustible gas detectors to operate. Through the above methods, bushing fire, tap bushing fire and transformer top fire can be preliminarily realized. In the case of flowing fire, when the oil pool at the top of the transformer is burning, the remote manual valve 3 between the oil pillow and the splash pipe 4 is opened, and the oil in the oil pillow 2 is filled into the burning oil pool on the top of the transformer through the duckbill nozzle 15, forming a flowing fire on the top of the transformer.

[0074] The applicant of the present invention has made a detailed explanation and description of the implementation examples of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the specification. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the above implementation examples are only preferred implementation schemes of the present invention, and the detailed description is only to help readers better understand the spirit of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. On the contrary, any improvements or modifications based on the inventive spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ignition and combustion method of a transformer fire simulation device, the transformer fire simulation device comprising: A transformer body (7), an outlet bushing (1), an oil pillow (2), a remote manual valve (3), a nitrogen exhaust pipe valve (8), a pressure release device (9), a transformer simulation radiator (12), and an operating manhole (16); characterized in that the transformer fire simulation device further comprises: A current terminal (13), a voltage terminal (14), a duckbill nozzle (15), an electric spray tube (4), a top burning oil pool (5), a simulated tap changer burning oil pool (6), a high-pressure bushing simulated burning oil pool (10), a medium-pressure bushing simulated burning oil pool (11), a first temperature probe (17), a second temperature probe (18), a third temperature probe (19), and a fourth temperature probe (20); The outlet bushing (1), the oil pillow (2), the top combustion oil pool (5), the pressure release device (9), and the operating manhole (16) are arranged on the top of the transformer body (7); One side of the left and right sides of the transformer body (7) is connected to an external nitrogen injection device, and the other side is connected to a transformer simulation heat sink (12); The transformer body (7) contains a simulated oil pool; The ignition and combustion methods include internal combustion methods and external combustion methods; The internal combustion method comprises: an electric ignition method is used inside the transformer body (7), and a pressure device is connected to the voltage terminal (14) to realize an internal combustion mode by igniting the combustible by breaking through the electric arc, and the combustible includes gasoline and gasoline-soaked materials; The external combustion method comprises: injecting standard transformer insulating oil into any combustion oil pool, and hanging a 40L-70L gasoline bag at a height of 200mm-300mm from the surface of the high-voltage bushing simulated combustion oil pool (10) and the medium-voltage bushing simulated combustion oil pool (11), and hanging a 100L-200L gasoline bag at a height of 200mm-300mm from the surface of the simulated tap changer combustion oil pool (6) and the top combustion oil pool (5); When igniting, a combination of remote electronic ignition and manual ignition rod ignition is used; The remote electronic ignition device uses 220 V alternating current, which passes through a discharge tube, a high temperature resistant cable, an ignition rod and utilizes an impact current to ignite the fuse on the gasoline bag; the manual ignition rod ignition uses an ignition rod made of carbon fiber material, and uses a gas tank to ventilate to generate sparks for ignition. By opening the remote manual valve (3) between the oil pillow and the splash pipe (4), the oil in the oil pillow (2) is filled into the upper combustion oil pool of the transformer through the duckbill nozzle (15), forming a flowing fire on the upper part of the transformer.

2. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet bushing (1) comprises: a high-voltage side outlet bushing, a medium-voltage side outlet bushing and a low-voltage side outlet bushing, and the three side outlet bushings are respectively provided with a lifting seat and a test sleeve; A high-pressure bushing simulated combustion oil pool (10) is provided at the upper end of the high-pressure side outlet bushing elevation seat, and a medium-pressure bushing simulated combustion oil pool (11) is provided at the upper end of the medium-pressure side outlet bushing elevation seat.

3. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The width of the high-pressure bushing simulated combustion oil pool (10) and the medium-pressure bushing simulated combustion oil pool (11) is the length from the outer edge of the corresponding outlet bushing to the outer edge of the raising seat.

4. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The splash pipe (4) extends from the lower part of the oil pillow (2), and a remote manual valve (3) is arranged at the upper end thereof, and a duckbill nozzle (15) is arranged at the lower end thereof.

5. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated tap changer combustion oil pool (6) is arranged at the tap changer of the transformer body (7), and the length, width and height have a value range of [0.6m, 0.8m], [0.6m, 0.8m] and 0.15m respectively.

6. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the pressure release device (9) ranges from [20 cm, 30 cm].

7. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transformer body (7) has a simulated oil pool structure inside, and a current terminal (13) is provided on the outer surface of the long side of the transformer body, which is connected to the internal simulated winding, and the current size is controlled by an external commutation device.

8. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: A voltage terminal (14) is designed on the outer surface of the long side of the transformer body (7) and is connected to the discharge gap in the simulated oil pool inside the transformer body (7).

9. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first temperature probe (17), the second temperature probe (18), the third temperature probe (19) and the fourth temperature probe (20) are respectively arranged on the front, rear, left and right sides of the outside of the transformer body (7).

10. The ignition and combustion method of the transformer fire simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external nitrogen injection device is connected to the transformer body (7) via a pipeline; wherein the nitrogen injection device comprises a control system and a nitrogen injection system; The control system is controlled by a relay, the receiving signal is a DC220V signal, the output communication signal contact can withstand the non-electrical contact of the DC220V voltage, and the communication with the host computer is transmitted through the non-electrical contact; when the transformer body (7) is in danger of fire or explosion, the nitrogen exhaust pipe valve (8) of the nitrogen injection system is opened, and nitrogen is filled into the transformer from the bottom of the transformer through the nitrogen injection pipeline of the nitrogen injection system, cooling the oil temperature inside the transformer and isolating the air at the same time.

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